Levels Of Linoleic Acid Research Articles

Chemical Characterization of Bioactive Compounds in Extracts and Fractions from Litopenaeus vannamei Muscle

Marine organisms are a vital source of biologically active compounds. Organic extracts from the muscle of the Pacific white shrimp (L. vannamei) have shown antiproliferative effects on tumor cells, including breast adenocarcinoma. This study aimed to analyze these extracts’ composition and confirm their specificity for breast adenocarcinoma cells without harming normal cells. An organic chloroform extract from L. vannamei muscle was divided using a solvent partition procedure with methanol and hexane. The methanolic partition was fractionated through an open preparative liquid chromatography column to isolate compounds with biological activity, that were later tested on MDA-MB-231 (breast adenocarcinoma), and recently tested on MCF10-A (non-cancerous breast epithelial cells). Cells incubated with these fractions were assessed for viability and morphological changes using fluorescence confocal microscopy. Fractions F#13 and F#14 reduced MDA-MB-231 cancer cell viability at 100 µg/mL without affecting non-cancerous MCF-10A cells, inducing apoptosis-related changes in cancer cells. These fractions contained EPA and DHA free fatty acids, specifically F#13 contained free and esterified astaxanthin as well. The high levels of free linoleic acid 18:2 ω-6, EPA, and DHA (in a 2:1 ratio, EPA:DHA), along with free and esterified astaxanthin in F#13, significantly reduced breast adenocarcinoma cell viability, nearly to that achieved by cisplatin, a chemotherapy drug.

Unveiling the Potential of Southern Elderberry (Sambucus australis): Characterization of Physicochemical Properties, Carbohydrates, Organic Acids and Biophenols.

Sambucus australis is a wild species with purple fruits like berries. It is native from South America and can be found in Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia, and Brazil. A comprehensive characterization of S. australis fruiting period and ripening could provide valuable information on the stage of development suitable for formulating typical and new food and cosmetic products, as well as it could contribute to reveals its nutritional value. This study aimed to examine the evolution of fruit size and weight alongside the accumulation patterns of sugars, organic acids, biophenols and antioxidant activity during different development stages of S. australis fruit, assessing its potential as a source of health-promoting compounds. The increase in total sugar (269.59g/kg dry weight), together with the decrease in the total organic acids (321.63g/kg dry weight) at the fully ripe stage, indicates that the fruit is sweet. This suggests that it is an appealing product to be consumed when it is fully ripe. The fatty acid composition contains significant levels of α-linolenic, linoleic, oleic and palmitic acids. It is characterized by high ratios of polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids, ranging from 5.8 to 6.4. S. australis fruits appeared to possess good levels of biophenols at fully ripe fruits (4709.7µg/g dry weight) together with antioxidant activity (higher than 80%), so, it could be considered as a functional food.

Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Durvillaea Antarctica Meal on Production and Meat Quality Traits of Lambs.

Worldwide, there are reports indicating that sheep raised in insular systems spontaneously consume seaweed. In the southern hemisphere, there exists Durvillaea antarctica, a brown seaweed that possesses minerals and fatty acids that could improve some aspects of sheep production and meat quality, respectively. However, the consumption of this algae in lambs has been scarcely studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion of Durvillaea antarctica meal on the growth performance, blood profile, and meat quality of fattening lambs. Thirty Araucana Creole lambs were housed and allocated to three pens. One pen served as a control, while the remaining two were supplemented with diets containing 5% and 10% Durvillaea antarctica meal. After 9 weeks, the animals were slaughtered. The dietary treatments did not significantly affect body weight and blood biochemical parameters. However, changes were observed in meat quality traits, including increased redness and reduced luminosity in the loin for the high inclusion treatment, in addition to slight alterations in pH and lower lipid oxidation in lambs' meat fed Durvillaea antarctica. Furthermore, the meat from lambs supplemented with Durvillaea antarctica exhibited increased levels of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid, along with higher monounsaturated fatty acid content and a reduced omega-3/omega-6 ratio. This study shows that Durvillaea antarctica can be used to feed lambs without impairing growth or production parameters, which has been little studied. It is possible that this brown seaweed could be considered a natural additive to improve the quality and nutritional value of lamb meat. The effect of this seaweed on other ruminant models could be addressed in future studies.

Long-term fasting induces a remodelling of fatty acid composition in erythrocyte membranes.

Long-term fasting (LF) activates an adaptative response to switch metabolic fuels from food glucose to lipids stored in adipose tissues. The increase in free fatty acid (FFA) oxidation during fasting triggers health benefits. We questioned if the changes in lipid metabolism during LF could affect lipids in cell membranes in humans. We thus analysed the FA composition in erythrocyte membranes (EM) during 12.6 ± 3.5 days of LF and 1 month after food reintroduction. A total of 98 subjects out of three single-arm interventional studies underwent a medical supervised long-term fasting (12.6 ± 3.5 days) programme. The distribution pattern of 26 FA as well as the HS-Omega-3 Index were assessed in the EM using gas chromatography. Eighteen of 26 FA showed significant changes. Within the group of saturated FA, myristic (14:0) and stearic acid (18:0) decreased while palmitic (16:0) and arachid acid (20:0) increased. While most monounsaturated FA increased, trans fatty acids decreased or remained unchanged. Within the polyunsaturated FA, arachidonic (20:4n6) and docosahexaenoic (22:6n3) acid increased, while linoleic (18:2n6), alpha-linolenic (18:3n3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n3) decreased. Consequently, the HS-Omega-3 Index increased. 11 out of the 18 FA with significant changes returned to baseline levels 1 month afterwards. Levels of linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid increased over baseline levels. Long-term fasting triggers changes in the FA composition of EM.

Physico-Chemical Characterization of Sesame/Rapeseed Oil Mixtures

The production of edible plant seed oil used in the food industry is increasing globally. More than 75% of lipids in the human diet come from edible vegetable oils. Among them, sesame oil has the highest resistance to oxidation, valuable physiological properties, and a unique flavor and aroma. However, sesame oil is more expensive than rapeseed oil, and often both oils are mixed to reduce costs. In this study, we performed a physical and physico-chemical analysis of sesame oil and sesame/rapeseed oil mixtures (5/95, 10/90, 30/70, 50/50, 70/30 and 90/10 w/w). The investigated oils were characterized based on their fatty acid composition, peroxide value, iodine value, phase transitions, refractive indices, color and UV–Vis adsorption. The fatty acid composition of mixtures made from sesame and rapeseed oils depended on the ratio of the two oils. Increasing the content of sesame oil in the mixtures resulted in a decrease in the levels of oleic and linolenic acids, while the levels of linoleic acid increased. A very good linear correlation was observed between the temperatures and enthalpies of crystallization of the mixtures, which could be used to establish the composition of a mixture between sesame and rapeseed oil. Information about these parameters could increase the possibilities for the commercial use of the investigated oils.

Comparison of the fatty acid composition of pecan and walnuts from various regions and the development of a rapid analytical method

The study determined the fatty acid profiles of pecan and walnut samples from various regions of Türkiye and proposed a rapid method for profiling fatty acids. Twenty walnut samples (Ahırlı, İncesu-Seydişehir and Derbent-Konya, Yenişarbademli and Yalvaç-Isparta, Burdur, Göksun and Çağlayancerit-Kahramanmaraş, Ezine-Çanakkale, Belen-Hatay, Denizli, Mut-Mersin, Ermenek-Karaman and Osmaniye) and one pecan sample (Narlıca-Hatay) were analysed. Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) were prepared using direct methylation of 0.1-gram samples, and compositions were determined via gas chromatography. The study compared direct methylation to other extraction methods (ASE and Bligh & Dyer) using the “Maraş-18” cultivar. Results showed that linoleic acid levels in walnuts ranged from 48.5 to 64.1%, with an average of 57.16%. Oleic acid content ranged from 13.6 to 33.4%, with a mean of 20.5%. Alpha-linolenic acid varied between 7.6 and 17.1%, with the highest levels in the “Native” cultivar from Yenişarbademli. The pecan sample had high oleic acid (59.6%) but low α-linolenic acid (1.14%). While the “Maraş-18” cultivar showed consistent fatty acid profiles across methods, minor statistical differences in individual fatty acid percentages were observed. Due to its speed, efficiency, and alignment with green chemistry, the direct methylation method may be recommended for fatty acid analysis in walnut kernels.

Food groups, macronutrient intake and objective measures of total carotenoids and fatty acids in 16-to-24-year-olds following different plant-based diets compared to an omnivorous diet.

Knowledge about the diet quality among youth who follow different types of plant-based diets is essential to understand whether support is required to ensure a well-planned diet that meets their nutritional needs. This study aimed to investigate how food groups, macronutrient intake, and objective blood measures varied between Norwegian youth following different plant-based diets compared to omnivorous diet. Cross-sectional design, with healthy 16-to-24-year-olds (n = 165) recruited from the Agder area in Norway, following a vegan, lacto-ovo-vegetarian, pescatarian, flexitarian or omnivore diet. Participants completed an electronic questionnaire, a dietary screener, 24-hour dietary recalls and provided dried blood samples for analysis of carotenoids and fatty acids. Vegans reported the highest mean intake (g/d, g/MJ) of vegetables, legumes, nuts and seeds and substitutes to dairy and meat (compared to all, p<0.001), fruit and berries (compared to omnivores, p = 0.004 and pescatarians, p = 0.007), and vegetable oil (compared to omnivores, p<0.001, pescatarians, p = 0.003 and flexitarians, p = 0.004) and vegetable products (compared to omnivores, p = 0.007). No difference was found between groups in mean intake (g/d, g/MJ) of any of the confectionary foods or sweet pastries, beverages (sugar-sweetened, non-sugary, alcoholic), or salted snacks, neither in g/MJ of convenience foods. The energy percentage (E%) of protein, carbohydrates and total fat were within the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023 across groups. However, all groups, except vegans, exceeded the E% for saturated fatty acids. All groups exceeded recommendations for added and free sugar. Furthermore, all groups consumed <25g/d of dietary fibre, except vegans and pescatarians. For omega-3, lacto-ovo-vegetarians had intakes below recommendations. Blood marker of total carotenoids did not differ between groups, neither did the reported mean intake (g/MJ) of carotenoid-rich foods. Vegans showed the lowest blood level of palmitic acid compared to all (p<0.001), but highest level of linoleic acid (compared to flexitarians, p = 0.022, and omnivores, p<0.001). The lowest blood levels of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid were found in vegans and lacto-ovo-vegetarians. Our findings suggest that all groups had risk of dietary shortcomings. However, vegans consumed the most favorable diet. All groups should increase their consumption of vegetables, fruits and berries, and reduce their total sugar intake.

Genetically Predicted Gene Expression Effects on Changes in Red Blood Cell and Plasma Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) including omega-3 and omega-6 are obtained from diet and can be measured objectively in plasma or red blood cells (RBCs) membrane biomarkers, representing different dietary exposure windows. In vivo conversion of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs from short- to long-chain counterparts occurs via a shared metabolic pathway involving fatty acid desaturases and elongase. This analysis leveraged genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for RBC and plasma PUFAs, along with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) to estimate tissue-specific genetically predicted gene expression effects for delta-5 desaturase (FADS1), delta-6 desaturase (FADS2), and elongase (ELOVL2) on changes in RBC and plasma biomarkers. Using colocalization, we identified shared variants associated with both increased gene expression and changes in RBC PUFA levels in relevant PUFA metabolism tissues (i.e., adipose, liver, muscle, and whole blood). We observed differences in RBC versus plasma PUFA levels for genetically predicted increase in FADS1 and FADS2 gene expression, primarily for omega-6 PUFAs linoleic acid (LA) and arachidonic acid (AA). The colocalization analysis identified rs102275 to be significantly associated with a 0.69% increase in total RBC membrane-bound LA levels (p = 5.4 × 10-12). Future PUFA genetic studies examining long-term PUFA biomarkers are needed to confirm our results.

Untargeted NMR Study of Metabolic Changes in Processing Tomato Treated with Trichoderma atroviride Under Open-Field Conditions and Exposed to Heatwave Temperatures.

Rising temperatures due to climate change may affect the quality of open-field cultivated processing tomatoes by altering the nutrient content. Bioinoculants are growing in popularity as a nature-based strategy to mitigate these environmental stresses. Untargeted quantitative NMR spectroscopy was leveraged to characterize the metabolome of tomato fruits exposed to abiotic stress during the year 2022, which was marked by unexpected high temperatures and low rainfall compared to the year 2021 with average conditions. This study was conducted at growing sites in Tarquinia and Viterbo, comparing untreated plants to ones treated with a Trichoderma-based bioinoculant. The hotter year affected the water-soluble fraction (28 compounds), causing an increase in amino acids, citrate, and formate contents while decreasing carbohydrates together with a significant drop in β-sitosterol + campesterol in the organic fraction (11 compounds). The site mainly affected the linolenic acid levels, which were more abundant in Tarquinia than Viterbo in the hotter year, whereas ascorbate and myo-inositol were higher in Tarquinia in both years. The year × site interaction significantly affected the content of several amino acids, glucose, sucrose, and trigonelline. The bioinoculant effect was significant only for sucrose, while its interactions with the other factors showed little to no significance across all the measured metabolites.

Targeted Circulating Lipid Mediators and Immune Cell Gene Transcripts After ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction.

Residual inflammation drives atherogenesis to atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction, which triggers acute inflammation. In preclinical studies, polyunsaturated fatty acids-derived specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) have been shown to promote recovery after MI, in contrast to pro-inflammatory lipid mediators (PIMs). However, the dynamic changes of lipid mediators after ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), particularly after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and respective gene transcripts, are poorly understood. Therefore, the study aimed to assess the early dynamic changes in circulating lipid mediators and lipid pathway transcripts in STEMI patients who undergo PCI. In this prospective observational clinical study, patients with STEMI (n=10) and control subjects (n=6) were included. Plasma samples for lipid mediator profiling (targeted oxylipids) and whole blood for inflammation-related transcript expression were collected at baseline before PCI, 2 hours, and 24 hours post-PCI. A total of 10 STEMI patients received PCI with a mean age of 53.3 years, 90% male. Linoleic acid and DPA levels were higher in STEMI patients. A subset of PIM levels (HETEs, PGE2) were elevated at the baseline, with a subsequent decrease in circulating levels at 2 hours after PCI (TXB2, LTB4, 20-OH-LTB4). A subset of SPM levels (HEPEs) were elevated at the baseline of STEMI suggestive overlap of inflammation-resolution signaling. The temporal kinetics of LMs showed that both the initiation of inflammation and the resolution process start simultaneously and continue as an endogenous repair mechanism during STEMI. Therefore, approaches to increase these endogenous bioactive resolution mediators content and/or efficacy before PCI should be considered in treating MI patients.

Comparison of Chemical Properties and Fatty Acid Composition of Artisanal and Commercial Butters

This study compares the chemical properties, fatty acid composition, and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) levels of artisanal (homemade) (n=10) and commercial butter samples (n=10) produced from cow’s milk. Artisanal butters were collected from local producers who maintain their own livestock across various villages within the Burdur province in Türkiye, while commercial samples were acquired from various national and local markets. On average, the dry matter content was significantly higher in commercial butters (84.15%) than artisanal samples (82.60%) (p0.05). Furthermore, the mean titratable acidity values of commercial and artisanal butters were found as 0.30% and 0.51% (percent lactic acid), respectively (p

Genetically predicted gene expression effects on changes in red blood cell and plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) including omega-3 and omega-6 are obtained from diet and can be measured objectively in plasma or red blood cells (RBCs) membrane biomarkers, representing different dietary exposure windows. In vivo conversion of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs from short-to long-chain counterparts occurs via a shared metabolic pathway involving fatty acid desaturases and elongase. This analysis leveraged genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for RBC and plasma PUFAs, along with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) to estimate tissue-specific genetically predicted gene expression effects for delta-5 desaturase ( FADS1 ), delta-6 desaturase ( FADS2 ), and elongase ( ELOVL2 ) on changes in RBC and plasma biomarkers. Using colocalization, we identified shared variants associated with both increased gene expression and changes in RBC PUFA levels in relevant PUFA metabolism tissues (i.e., adipose, liver, muscle, and whole blood). We observed differences in RBC versus plasma PUFA levels for genetically predicted increase in FADS1 and FADS2 gene expression, primarily for omega-6 PUFAs linoleic acid (LA) and arachidonic acid (AA). The colocalization analysis identified rs102275 to be significantly associated with a 0.69% increase in total RBC membrane-bound LA levels ( P =5.4×10 -12 ). Future PUFA genetic studies examining long-term PUFA biomarkers are needed to confirm our results.

Changes in phytochemicals, antioxidant activities, and oxidative stability of oil from germinated peanuts

AbstractGermination is a promising technique for enhancing the nutritional and functional properties of seeds. Among the nuts, peanuts are composed of approximately 50% oil, which is abundant in unsaturated fatty acids, tocopherols, and phytosterols. This study investigated the changes in phytochemical profile, antioxidant capacity, and oxidative stability of oil from germinated peanuts. Peanuts were germinated over 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 days. The oil from germinated peanuts exhibited increased levels of α‐tocopherol, phytosterols, and carotenoids, while the γ‐tocopherol, oleic acid, and linoleic acid levels were reduced. Notably, the oil from germinated peanuts at Day 8 exhibited substantially improved antioxidant activity and oxidative stability compared with oil from ungerminated peanuts. These enhancements were attributed to the elevated phytochemical content of the peanut oil resulting from germination. These results highlight that germination of peanut seeds is an effective strategy for enhancing peanut oil's phytochemical content and oxidative stability, thereby presenting potential benefits for health‐conscious consumers.

Effects of Different Stocking Densities on Snail Bellamya purificata Foot Muscle Nutritional Quality and Metabolic Function.

Snail Bellamya purificata is not only useful for bioremediation, purifying aquaculture environments, but it is also a commercially valuable and nutritionally rich aquatic product. To analyze the effect of various stocking densities on the muscle nutritional quality and metabolic functions of B. purificata. The transcriptome and metabolome were analyzed and set up three different density groups-low (LD, 234.38 g/m2), medium (MD, 468.75 g/m2), and high (HD, 937.5 g/m2). The results of the study showed that the weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) of B. purificata in the MD and HD groups were significantly lower compared to the LD group. High stocking density significantly reduced the oleic acid (C18:1n9c), linoleic acid (C18:2n6c), alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3n3), eicosadienoic acid (C20:2), erucic acid (C22:1n9), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n3), and lignoceric acid (C24:0) levels within snail foot muscle. Most of the identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were categorized as Signal transduction, according to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG); these genes were categorized into Transport and catabolism, Endocrine system, and Immune system. A total of 11 upregulated DEGs and 19 downregulated DEGs were identified and confirmed to be associated with density stress. The identified metabolites were mainly enriched in the Metabolism category, with 620 differential metabolites identified in positive ion (POS) mode and 265 differential metabolites identified in the negative ion (NEG) mode among different stocking density groups. The differential metabolites affected by stocking density were primarily amino acids, nucleic acids, vitamins, and lipid metabolites. There were 8 upregulated differential metabolites and 14 downregulated differential metabolites identified and confirmed to be associated with density stress. These findings elucidated the response mechanisms of B. purificata to adverse stocking density conditions and provide data and a theoretical basis for selecting appropriate stocking densities for B. purificata.

Omega 6 fatty acids: helpful, harmless or harmful?

This paper reviews the most recent literature from January 2023 to August 2024 on the physiological effects of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), with a focus on linoleic acid (LA). Contrary to previous concerns that high LA intake may increase inflammation, most recent evidence supports the benefits of LA for cardiometabolic health. Several large studies report that higher blood LA levels correlate with reduced risks of coronary heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. Potential mechanisms include activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and modulation of oxylipins involved in glucose and lipid metabolism. The ideal LA intake level remains uncertain, but current intakes around 5-10% of energy appear beneficial. In other areas like cancer, asthma and sleep, the evidence is still inconclusive on LA's effects. More research on diverse populations is needed to determine optimal LA levels, effects on specific conditions, and interactions with genetic factors affecting PUFA metabolism. Overall, the review highlights the emerging view that LA, the primary dietary n-6 PUFA, has cardiometabolic benefits rather than harmful effects.

The role of circulating polyunsaturated fatty acids in mediating the effect of BMI on leukocyte telomere length: analysis using Mendelian randomization

Backgroundpolyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are a category of fatty acids that contain omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, which constitute a substantial portion of the Western diet and are vital for maintaining human wellness. The extent to which circulating PUFAs influence the effects of BMI on leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is unknown. Additionally, the impact of circulating PUFA on LTL remains controversial in observational studies.MethodsUsing publicly accessible datasets, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was carried out to determine genetic association estimates for BMI, circulating PUFAs, and LTL. The circulating PUFAs considered were omega-3 PUFAs (i.e., docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and total omega-3 PUFAs) and omega-6 PUFAs (i.e., linoleic acid (LA) and total omega-6 PUFAs). Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to investigate the causal relationships between BMI and PUFA with LTL. Additionally, we examined whether certain PUFA mediate the impact of BMI on LTL.ResultsNone of the evidence supported a causal effect of genetically predicted DHA and total omega-3 PUFA on LTL (DHA: β = 0.001, 95% CI: −0.023 to 0.026, p = 0.926; total omega-3 PUFA: β = 0.008, 95% CI: −0.013 to 0.029, p = 0.466). After conducting sensitivity analyses to account for various models of horizontal pleiotropy, the causal association between higher levels of LA and longer LTL persisted (β = 0.034, 95% CI 0.016 to 0.052, p < 0.001). Adjusting for LA in genetics reduced the effect of BMI on LTL from β = -0.039 (95% CI: -0.058 to -0.020, p < 0.001) to -0.034 (95% CI: -0.054 to -0.014, p < 0.001).ConclusionsThis MR study indicates that an increase in genetically predicted circulating LA levels is associated with longer LTL. Additionally, it appears that circulating LA levels play a role in mediating some of the impact that BMI has on LTL.

Amino Acid and Essential Fatty Acid in Evacuation Shelter Food in the Noto Peninsula Earthquake: Comparison with the 2024 Simultaneous National Survey in Japan.

On 1 January 2024, a 7.6 magnitude earthquake struck the Noto Peninsula. We entered the disaster area to provide relief and set up a makeshift clinic in an evacuation center to evaluate the quality and quantity of food provided there. This cross-sectional study, of mainly older adults, was conducted to analyze the amino acid and fatty acid composition of evacuation shelter meals in comparison with the results of the Japan National Survey, mainly focused on older adults. (1) We analyzed 11 evacuation foods using the "Duplicated Combination" Model and the digestible amino acid score (DIAAS) in relation to the half-life determined by the N-terminal amino acid proteins. (2) Linoleic acid (LA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) levels were compared with European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) recommendations (3). The national survey of emergency food stocks in 198 hospitals and 189 social care institutions conducted in Jan 2024 was analyzed. (1) DIAAS was less than 1.00 for all 11 foods provided and was considered inadequate, (2) the half-life of the protein, whose N-terminal valine has a half-life of 100 h, must be considered a possible deficiency when living in a shelter for more than a week, (3) LA and ALA levels were less than 40% of EFSA recommended, (4) the nationwide survey found that 80% of people have a three-day supply and data on amino acids and fatty acids were not available due to a lack of questionnaires. Analysis of food in evacuation shelters after the Noto Peninsula earthquake revealed the quality of amino acids involved in shelter meals using DIAAS and the lack of LA and ALA for older adults. The "Duplicated Combination" model used in this analysis could be beneficial for developing improved nutrition plans in similar future scenarios, mainly for older adults.

Effect of Using Oleogel on the Physicochemical Properties, Sensory Characteristics, and Fatty Acid Composition of Meat Patties.

This study investigated the physicochemical properties of meat patties, comparing a control sample and an experimental sample with the addition of 10% oleogel. The experimental sample showed a reduction in protein content (19.47%) and fat (18.37%) compared with the control sample (20.47% and 19.95%, respectively), accompanied by an increase in carbohydrates (2.56% vs. 1.65%). The fatty acid composition analysis revealed that the inclusion of oleogel significantly increased the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) from 12.458% to 18.94%. Saturated fatty acids (SFAs), such as capric, lauric, myristic, and stearic acids, were markedly reduced, while the level of linoleic acid increased, indicating an improved and balanced fatty acid profile in the experimental patties. The moisture-binding capacity of the experimental sample was determined to be 75.54%, a 2.53% improvement over the control one. Microstructural analysis found no significant differences between the control and experimental samples, with no large oleogel particles visible. Overall, the substitution of pork fat with oleogel did not adversely affect key physicochemical properties, such as pH and moisture-binding capacity, or the structural integrity of the beef patties. These findings suggest that oleogel can be used effectively as a fat substitute in meat products, enhancing their nutritional profile without compromising quality.

Integrating nontargeted metabolomics and RNA sequencing of dexamethasone-treated and untreated asthmatic mice reveals changes of amino acids and aminoacyl-tRNA in group 2 innate lymphoid cells

Bronchial asthma is the most common multifactorial and heterogeneous disease in childhood. The glucocorticoid dexamethasone is a classic treatment for asthma. Research indicates that group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are crucial to the pathogenesis of asthma. However, few studies have focused on ILC2s metabolism and transcription. This study aims to establish an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma model and a dexamethasone-treated asthma model to explore the regulation of lung ILC2s at the genetic and metabolic levels during the progression and remission of asthma, utilizing single-cell metabolomics and transcriptomics approaches. The results showed that ILC2s regulated the metabolic pathways and transcriptional levels of amino acids (such as arginine, proline, and histidine) and linoleic acid, as well as the metabolic biomarkers of arginine, urocanic acid, and linoleic acid in asthma. Additionally, the cytokine pathways and NF-γB pathways have been altered at the genetic level. At the same time, we revealed that dexamethasone regulates ILC2s amino acid and aminoacyl tRNA metabolism, as well as related genes, thereby alleviating asthma symptoms. Furthermore, we identified the genes Eno3 and Tap1, which are significantly associated with asthma. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to verify the accuracy of the RNA sequencing results. This study, for the first time, revealed the mechanistic changes of ILC2s in the development and treatment of asthma using multiomics techniques, laying a foundation for targeted therapies in asthma.

Genetically predicted circulating linoleic acid levels and risk of osteoarthritis: a two-sample mendelian randomization study.

This study aimed to provide insight into the effect of genetically predicted linoleic acid (LA) levels on osteoarthritis (OA). The LA dataset was obtained from the UK Biobank (UKBB) consortium and contained 114,999 samples. The OA discovery dataset was derived from MRC-IEU consortium and included 38,472 cases and 424,461 controls. The OA validation set was derived from a summary-level genome-wide association study (GWAS) and included 39,427 cases and 378,169 controls. Genetic variants strongly associated with LA (p < 5 × 10- 8) were extracted as instrumental variables (IVs). The inverse variance weighted (IVW) approach was adopted as the primary analysis method in this study. In addition, multiple sensitivity analysis methods were used to assess the reliability of our results. The IVW approach showed that circulating LA levels were negatively associated with OA risk in the discovery set (odds ratio (OR) = 0.993, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.988-0.998, p = 0.011). A consistent result was obtained in the validation set (OR = 0.904, 95%CI: 0.845-0.967, p = 0.003). These results were validated by sensitivity analysis. This study provides new evidence for the causal relationship between LA and OA, which provides new insights for the treatment of OA.