Level Of Related Knowledge Research Articles

A Preliminary Examination of Cognitive Factors that Influence Interest in Quitting During Pregnancy

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between risks associated with smoking and the effectiveness of quit-smoking techniques and interest in quitting among pregnant smokers. It was hypothesised that both knowledge of smoking-related harm and knowledge of efficacious smoking cessation methods would be significant predictors of interest in quitting in the next 30 days. This preliminary study involved 72 pregnant smokers who completed a questionnaire assessing smoking-related knowledge and perceived efficacy of cessation methods. Of the 11 smoking-related risks probed, the least acknowledged were those associated with pregnancy and post-natal conditions, with 38% of the sample responding incorrectly to all four of the pregnancy and post-natal conditions probed. Knowledge of the efficacy of smoking medications was also poor: 32.9% of the sample reported believing that all three pharmacotherapies were ineffective for promoting cessation. A high level of knowledge about the harms of smoking was related to an increased intention to quit in the next 30 days (39.5% versus 15.8%; Odds Ratio [OR] = 3.5). Results from this preliminary study showed support for previous research regarding smoking-related knowledge in non-pregnant smokers. Further research in the area is viewed as particularly important to confirm the current results and guide intervention to increase the level of smoking related knowledge in this at-risk group.

Investigate of surgical staff's knowledge on deep venous thrombosis

Objective To investigate surgical staff of their related knowledge level,preventive awareness during operation and implementation of preventive measures of deep venous thrombosis (DVT).Methods Questionnaire was used to investigate 195 surgical staff from 4 hospitals of their related knowledge level and prevention awareness and implementation of preventive measures of deep venous thrombosis (DVT).Results 195 questionnaires were handed out and 192 valid ones were recovered,with the rate of 98％.The average score of surgical staff' s DVT knowledge was (14.00 ± 3.26),among which,the score of DVT pathogenesis and risk factors during operation were higher (0.72 ± 0.20) and (0.67 ± 0.23),respectively,and the score of DVT clinical manifestation and effective prevention measure during operation were lower (0.56 ± 0.21) and (0.62 ± 0.23),respectively.Scores of DVT knowledge of surgical staff with different departments,professional titles and ages were significantly different (F =5.090,5.113,3.493,respectively; P ＜ 0.05).Staff of different educational degrees had different scores in DVT knowledge (t =2.613,P ＜ 0.05).192 surgical staff learned their DVT knowledge from work experience,self-study and professional training.Respectively 59.9％,35.4％ and 27.6％ of surgical staff hoped that they could leam DVT knowledge from lessons,case discussion and virtual training.Conclusions DVT knowledge training for surgical staff should be strengthened in continuing education,unified prevention plan and guides should be established and preventive measures should be improved. Key words: Deep venous thrombosis; Cognition; Data collection; Medical staff; Surgery

EVALUATION OF COMMUNITY-BASED INTERVENTION ON HYPERTENSION PATIENTS IN URBAN COMMUNITY OF NINGXIA HUI AUTONOMOUS REGION

ObjectivesTo observe and evaluate the effectivity and feasibility of hypertension health knowledge education and health-promotion interventions carried out in hypertension patients come from urban community of Ningxia hui autonomous region.MethodsThrough...

The Influence of a Specific Tourist and Sightseeing Program on Region Related Knowledge

Abstract Introduction. Participation in properly organized tourism events based the tourist potential of the region, becomes a creative experience, generating creative attitude, satisfying a number of needs and aspirations [2]. Tourism has the potential to contribute to increased effectiveness of school education. It can affect attitudes and develop appropriate habits in terms of physical activity. However, it must be accompanied by appropriate offer of activities, which is likely to generate a desirable behaviour. The purpose of this paper is to determine the influence of a specific tourism program on region related knowledge on the part of male and female students. Material and methods. The research conducted by way of pedagogical experiment utilizing the technique of parallel groups forms merely a small part of the entire research program carried out at the Department of Tourism of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport in Bia³a Podlaska. The research was carried out in two stages - 2002-2003 and 2009-2010 and involved a total group of 272 subjects. Results and conclusions. Based on the obtained results it can be concluded that the proposed specific tourism program does advance the level of region related knowledge, and its impact is greater than the implementation of tasks resulting from the educational process of the contemporary school.

Investigation of the cognitive status of nursing of cancer patients among nurses of cardiothoracic surgery department and countermeasures

Objective To investigate the cognitive status of nursing of cancer patients among nurses of cardiothoracic surgery department,to discuss countermeasures to improve nursing quality of tumor patients of cardiothoracic surgery department. Methods 150 nurses of cardiothoracic surgery department from November 2009 to November 2010 in five hospitals of a certain city were selected as the research object.The elf-made questionnaire about cognition of cancer patients nursing was adopted for investigation.The cognition condition of health education,psychological care,death education,care of cancer pain of 150 nurses was taken for statistics. Results The study showed that 150 cardiothoracic surgical nurses mastered the health education knowledge best,the average score was(88.6 ± 11.3).The knowledge of death related knowledge was the worst,the average score was (64.5 ± 21.6).The differences of mastering degree of psychological care and pain related knowledge level for 5 hospital nurses were quite significant.The differences of psychological care knowledge levels of hospital A and C,D were significant.The differences of care of cancer pain of hospital B and A,E,F were significant. Conclusions Based on the cognitive status of cardiothoracic surgery nurses for nursing of cancer patients,appropriate theoretical and practical training can be adopted in order to improve cognitive level of related knowledge about nursing of cancer patients among cardiothoracic surgery nurses,so that the nursing quality for cancer patients can be improved. Key words: Cardiothoracic surgery nurse; Cancer patients; Investigation of nursing cognition; Strategies and measures

일부지역 치위생과 학생들의 흡연 실태와 자아존중감과의 관계

Objectives : This study was performed to understand smoking condition and to investigate the relations among knowledge regarding smoking and oral hygiene, awareness of anti-smoking policy, and self-esteem, to provide fundamental basis, developing programs for smoking prevention and anti-smoking. Methods : From September 7, 2010 to September 16, 2010, questionaire survey was conducted for 566 female university students studying dental hygienics at a local district in Jeollanam-do. Collected data was analyzed by Chi-square test, t-test, one way ANOVA, Scheffe multiple range test, Perason's correlation test, and stepwise multiple regression test. Results : 1. Smoking condition of study subjects on general characteristics showed 17.1%, where 14.0% of previous smoking history, and 68.9% of currently nonsmoker. 2. Analysis on the knowledge related to smoking and oral hygiene, awareness of anti-smoking policy, and self esteem on the general characteristics of study subjects have shown better awareness of anti-smoking policy in non-alcoholics. Significant difference was found in knowledge about smoking and awareness of anti-smoking policy according to current resident status, but no difference found in self-esteem. Higher academic grade was related to higher awareness of anti-smoking policy and better ics. aalcell. Better health, but no diffeoral hygiene were related to better awareness of anti-smoking policy, and bewhich were statistically significant. Favorable interpersonal self-estehip was related to better awareness of anti-smoking policy. 3. Analysis on knowledge regarding smoking related health and oral hygiene, awareness of anti-smoking policy, and self-esteem showed higher level of anti-smoking knowledge in non-smoking group(60.44) compared to currently smoking group or group with previous history of smoking, and better awareness of anti-smoking policy in non-smoking group(53.54) than other groups, which was statistically significant. 4. Correlation analysis among smoking related knowledge, awareness of anti-smoking policy, and self-esteem has found relatively high correlation between smoking related knowledge and awareness of anti-smoking policy, which was statistically significant(r=0.481, p<0.001). 5. Among factors influencing awareness of anti-smoking policy, higher level of smoking related knowledge and satisfaction to specialty was related to higher awareness of anti-smoking policy which was lower in current smoker than past smoker, and higher academic grade was related to higher awareness of anti-smoking policy. Conclusions : Following results emphasize the need to establish a novel curriculum by which effective programs for smoking prevention and education of anti-smoking specialist could be provided as well as promoting coaching anti-smoking activity.

Continuous nursing effect of cardiac surgery continuous nursing group on heart bypass patients

Objective To explore the use of the continuum of care approach for patients with coronary artery bypass surgery and the effect of the continuum of care.Methods Collected from January 2009 to June 2010,112 cases of coronary artery bypass surgery patients in the observation group,June 2007 to December 2008,98 patients with coronary artery bypass surgery as the control group. The observation group with implement the continuum of care intervention,the implementation of routine care control group.Results and the nursing effects were compared in two groups.Results The patients care and job satisfaction was higher in observation group,and difference between groups was statistically significant ( x2 =15.38,P ＜ 0.01 ).The patients hospital stay was shorter than that in the control group,the difference between two groups was statistically significant (t =2.521,P ＜ 0.05).After intervention,health related knowledge level was significantly increased,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (x2 =62.98,95.93,106.66,83.34,respectively;P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions Using the continuum of care approach for heart surgery patients with coronary artery bypass grafting help to increase patient understanding of health-related knowledge and improve patient outcomes,shorter hospital stay,increase nursing job satisfaction,and is worthy of reference. Key words: Continuous nursing; Heart bypass surgery; Health-related knowledge

Difference analysis between the current status of hypertension prevention related knowledge of community doctors of some community centers in Dongguan and China Guideline for Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension 2009

Objective To investigate the current status of hypertension prevention related knowledge level of community doctors of some community centers in Dongguan and the difference from China Guideline for Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension 2009. Methods Community doctors of some community centers in Dongguan received questionnaire survey. Results Community doctors, mastering cardiovascular disease and risk factors of hypertension, occupying 58％; mastering the clinical evaluation of patients with hypertension, 61％; mastering the application of non-pharmacological means of treatment to patients with hypertension, 42％; those having information about the status of hypertension prevalence trend,38％; those mastering the classification of blood pressure, 38％; mastering the principles of antihypertensive drugs and their treatment, 35％; mastering the risk stratification of patients with hypertension, 31％; those of antihypertensive drugs to control their classification are 30.6％; having reasonable choices with antihypertensive drugs for patients, 28％; those familiar with its monitoring and evaluation of patients with hypertension, 22％; those mastering the application of special groups of antihypertensive drugs for the treatment, 9％; being able to combine antihypertensive drugs for the treatment to patients, 11％;51.3％ of the doctors know that the Chinese community hypertension guidelines, 23.8％ of doctors have received training relevant content guidelines. Conclusion The knowledge level of the community doctors for hypertension management remains to be improved; community treatment for hypertension should be standardized and optimized. Key words: Community doctors; Hypertension prevention; Guideline

Injection Safety Awareness and Knowledge in a Rural Population

Background: About 16 billion injections are administered each year in developing and transitional countries,most of these are unnecessary and unsafe. Unsafe injection practices including the reuse of needles and syringesare a common public health problem in many countries and contribute to an estimated 40% hepatitis C, 32%hepatitis B and 5% human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections each year.The present study was undertaken with two fold objectives to determine the average number of injections perperson per year and to assess the level of knowledge and attitudes in relation to injections in a rural population ofIndia.Methodology: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in village located near Nagpur, India.Every alternate house was selected by systematic random sampling. Total 403 houses were served. Any memberof the family above 18 yrs of the age and who is residing in the area for more than 6 months and present at thetime of visit was interviewed.Statistical Analysis: The data was analyzed using Epi info version 3.4.1 software. Chi-square test was used astest of significance and p value of less than 0.05 was considered as significantResults: A total of 403 families were interviewed. There were 1,109 person-visits to the health care providers inthe last 3 months and they received 472 injections, which came out to be 0.23 injection/person/three months. Inchildren below 5 years, 70% of injections were preventive. In 82% of injection use, disposable syringes wereused. About 91 % of the respondents were aware about the transmission of some diseases through unclean syringes.More than two-thirds of respondents 69% preferred oral medications to injections.Conclusion: Interventions are needed to improve the safety of injections. These include the introduction ofinjection devices that prevent reuse, behavioral modification of providers, increasing awareness in the populationof risks associated with injection, creating consumer avoidance of injections and demand for safety.

Injection Safety Awareness and Knowledge in a Rural Population

Background: About 16 billion injections are administered each year in developing and transitional countries,most of these are unnecessary and unsafe. Unsafe injection practices including the reuse of needles and syringesare a common public health problem in many countries and contribute to an estimated 40% hepatitis C, 32%hepatitis B and 5% human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections each year.The present study was undertaken with two fold objectives to determine the average number of injections perperson per year and to assess the level of knowledge and attitudes in relation to injections in a rural population ofIndia.Methodology: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in village located near Nagpur, India.Every alternate house was selected by systematic random sampling. Total 403 houses were served. Any memberof the family above 18 yrs of the age and who is residing in the area for more than 6 months and present at thetime of visit was interviewed.Statistical Analysis: The data was analyzed using Epi info version 3.4.1 software. Chi-square test was used astest of significance and p value of less than 0.05 was considered as significantResults: A total of 403 families were interviewed. There were 1,109 person-visits to the health care providers inthe last 3 months and they received 472 injections, which came out to be 0.23 injection/person/three months. Inchildren below 5 years, 70% of injections were preventive. In 82% of injection use, disposable syringes wereused. About 91 % of the respondents were aware about the transmission of some diseases through unclean syringes.More than two-thirds of respondents 69% preferred oral medications to injections.Conclusion: Interventions are needed to improve the safety of injections. These include the introduction ofinjection devices that prevent reuse, behavioral modification of providers, increasing awareness in the populationof risks associated with injection, creating consumer avoidance of injections and demand for safety.

A Life-skills-based HIV/AIDS Prevention Education for Rural Students of Primary Schools in China: What Changed? What Have We Learned?

To evaluate a four-hour life-skills-based HIV/AIDS prevention curriculum among 5th grade students in rural primary schools of Hainan province. The study included two stages. Stage one (September 2006-May 2007) was a pre-post-quasi experimental design; a total of 2,413 students aged 9 to 14 years from fifth grade classes of nine primary schools completed a baseline survey (1,720 students were in the intervention group, 693 in the control group), and over 98% of them took part in a short survey. The experimental curriculum was provided to the intervention group. At stage two (September 2008), a cross-sectional questionnaire was administered to 6,923 students in 7th grade classes of eight middle schools in the same study sites. There were 1,437 students in the intervention group when the curriculum was conducted. Students tended to score higher in areas of HIV/AIDS related knowledge and attitudes, if they were younger than average, lived in the county seat, had access to the internet, and their parents had completed higher levels of education. Path analysis showed that, after controlling for characteristics such as family and community factors, the total effects of curriculum on knowledge in the short-term model increased remarkably compared with the baseline, and maintained major contributions to knowledge in the mid-term model. The positive effect of knowledge on attitudes was significantly improved in the short-term model as well. A life-skills based curriculum can improve HIV/AIDS related knowledge and self-perceived level of life-skills among primary school students in rural areas in a short time, and these positive effects can still be observed at least 2 years post participation in the curriculum.

Evaluation of a school-based HIV/AIDS peer-led prevention programme: the first intervention trial for children of migrant workers in China

The effectiveness of a peer-led education intervention in HIV/AIDS prevention was assessed in the Chinese children of migrant workers. A prospective study was conducted in 12 junior high schools for migrant children. Among the intervention group, a peer-education-based HIV/AIDS prevention was implemented for three months. The results during the baseline survey indicated that the level of knowledge on HIV/AIDS was lower in children of migrant workers. After three months of peer-led intervention, compared with the control group, students in the intervention group positively increased their HIV/AIDS-related knowledge, modified their attitude and improved their protection self-efficacy. Compared with attitude, intervention was more effective in the improvement of knowledge and protection self-efficacy, especially knowledge. The findings suggest that peer-led education was an effective method in improving knowledge, attitude and protection self-efficacy in Chinese children of migrant workers. Heightened concerns targeting the group students were particularly necessary, given their lower level of related knowledge and vulnerability to HIV infection.

The relationship among formal EDI controls, knowledge of EDI controls, and EDI performance

As new technologies and software applications are supplanting traditional electronic data interchange (EDI) applications, new fraud concerns due to the ubiquitous connectivity of the Internet have increased the interest in EDI controls. Traditional outcome (or process)-oriented views of (formal) control should be supplemented by knowledge management considerations, and user knowledge of contents control and its importance should be enhanced in order to maximize performance. This research addresses the indirect effect of EDI control usage levels on EDI performance through knowledge enhancement. EDI controls were categorized as internal and third-party in order to highlight their internal and external aspects in inter-organizational systems. Knowledge of controls has two parts: knowledge of control content and an understanding of control importance. The research model was empirically tested using a structural equation modeling approach with data collected from Korean companies that have adopted EDI. The results indicate that knowledge plays an important role in mediating the effect of controls on performance. That is, EDI adopters can achieve operational and competitive benefits from high levels of knowledge in relation to control content and its importance.

Job functions of Swedish public and private rehabilitation workers; their perceived level of importance and related knowledge

To investigate and gather knowledge of how important the various functions of Swedish rehabilitation workers are and whether this knowledge is equivalent to the demands of the vocational rehabilitation process. Swedish rehabilitation workers from both public and private sectors. A questionnaire comprising 89 work task items was used to identify the major dimensions of the Swedish rehabilitation workers job in the rehabilitation process. A principle component factor analysis was performed on the 89 job-task items from the Swedish Task Inventory. The number of factors/dimensions that could be formed was only three, which is judged to be limited both in scope and depth. The level of perceived knowledge reported varied from limited to having the required competence. The results also reveal that the workers perceive their work tasks and the dimensions that make up their role function as being of moderate to low importance. Their perceived level of knowledge for the similar work task items and dimensions were rated moderate to low. Differences between the groups of rehabilitation workers were mixed. The vocational rehabilitation process offered in Sweden is limited. It appears that the level of knowledge within the area can and should be increased and that better education is needed in order to improve the quality of the vocational rehabilitation process and for further development to take place.

On the Use of Intelligent Systems for the Modelling of Financial Literacy Parameters

Research has shown that more young people lack good financial literacy and make poor financial decisions. Financial literacy is not only important for individuals, but also for families, financial institutions, and the entire economy. In this paper, artificial neural networks (ANNs) and support vector machines (SVMs) are used as tools to model the financial literacy levels of young university students across Australia and three Western European countries. The goal was to ascertain the students’ level of financial knowledge in relation to the use of credit card and loan facilities based on a number of input parameters such as age, gender and educational level. Sensitivity analysis is applied to determine the relative contribution of each input parameter to the overall financial literacy model. The experiments show that ANNs and SVMs exhibit promising results and capabilities for effectively modeling financial literacy. Our findings indicate that the main determinants of young people’s level of financial literacy include educational level, length of employment, age, and credit card status – in terms of the use of credit card facilities, and gender, living status and credit card status – in terms of the use of loan facilities.

“Palliative Care: The Essentials”: Evaluation of a Multidisciplinary Education Program

Despite the world-wide growth of specialist palliative care services, the bulk of care and decision making at the end of life are delivered in general hospital, primary care, and aged care settings. Health workers of all disciplines therefore need to develop attitudes, knowledge, and skills required to deliver palliative care. To develop, deliver, and evaluate a short multidisciplinary education program focusing on the core elements of palliative care. A 2-day program was developed by an expert panel comprising academics, policy makers, clinicians, and a caregiver representative. Evaluation consisted of a pretest/posttest questionnaire aimed at identifying participants' palliative care knowledge and confidence at three time points; prior to attending the program, at the conclusion of the program, and 1 month later. In addition a session evaluation questionnaire sought to determine whether the session was interesting, informative, and useful. The program was delivered four times in both metropolitan and regional areas of Australia to a total of 537 participants incorporating a range of disciplines and care settings. Participants reported significant improvement in key areas including; ability to identify patients likely to benefit from a palliative approach, communication skills, symptom management, family-centered care, legal and ethical issues, and grief and bereavement. The majority of participants identified that the program increased their levels of interest, knowledge, and confidence in relation to palliative care. The findings demonstrate that multidisciplinary educational approaches of this type can be effective in the context of delivering palliative care education. The high demand to attend the program suggests the need for ongoing palliative care educational activities.

Desembarque e esforço de pesca da frota pesqueira comercial de Manicoré (Médio Rio Madeira), Amazonas, Brasil

A adequação das estratégias do pescador à sazonalidade existente na Amazônia atesta o nível de conhecimento tradicional em relação à ecologia dos peixes e às variações da pesca nesse ambiente, como ocorre em outras regiões do Brasil. Nesse sentido, este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a utilização dos ambientes de captura e a distribuição do esforço de pesca pela frota comercial em função do ciclo hidrológico. Foram coletados diariamente, entre junho de 2003 e maio de 2004, dados de desembarque e das expedições de pesca que ocorreram na região do Médio rio Madeira e submetidos à estatística descritiva. Os resultados mostraram que existiu uma tendência de aumento no esforço de pesca durante o período da enchente pelas embarcações da frota local, para compensar a queda na produção capturada. Os barcos de pesca e canoas motorizadas apresentaram valores médios de CPUE de 22,9 e 20,6 kg/pescador*dia, respectivamente. Ficou evidenciada também a maior utilização dos ambientes igarapés e lagos pelos pescadores de canoas motorizadas e do rio pelos pescadores dos barcos.

Interprofessional shared learning: a workshop on communication for screening blood donors

AbstractThe importance of effective communication in healthcare is well documented. Teaching and learning about communication now forms part of the education of most healthcare professionals in the United Kingdom. Based on this premise, a workshop was developed that aimed at developing the communication skills of donor carers or those involved in their training and/or management within the National Blood Service (NBS). Donor carers are the public front of the NBS, conducting interviews with donors, taking blood and providing follow‐up care. The 2 day workshop used a range of educational activities to support participants in meeting learning objectives. The workshop was evaluated by pre‐ and post‐tests of knowledge and attitude and by participants’ ratings of the degree to which they met learning objectives. Participants’ levels of propositional knowledge in relation to donor‐centred interviewing remained unchanged after the workshop. However, baseline knowledge was already very high. Ratings of the degree to which participants met learning objectives revealed success in the key areas of the workshop – that is, knowledge of, and the practice of, communication skills. Participants reported that they had benefited from attending the workshop in both personal and professional domains, and some expressed a strong sense of personal achievement. There were no differences in participants’ ratings based on their professional group or function within the NBS. Future workshops could consider reducing the number of participants, incorporating skills assessments and offering follow‐up meeting(s) reflecting the participants’ identified needs.

A study on female sex workers in southern China (Shenzhen): HIV-related knowledge, condom use and STD history

The present study aims to investigate the perspective relations between HIV/AIDS and condom-related knowledge, condom use, history of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and predictive factors of condom use by female sex workers (FSW) who were sent to the Women Re-education Center (WRC) in Shenzhen, People's Republic of China. Seven hundred and one FSW were interviewed. Whereas respondents had attained certain accurate knowledge about the HIV transmission routes, misconceptions were still commonly reported. Level of condom related knowledge was not high. The prevalence of using condoms with clients was relatively low--15%-- 22% reported not using condoms consistently. One of the major obstacles was 'Refusal by clients'. Significant predictive factors associated with consistency of condom use with clients were age, educational background, average number of client intakes per day, capacity in determining the use of condoms and past STD history. The respondents may have developed a false sense of safety by subjectively assessing whether their clients had a STD but they were unaware that HIV carriers may show no obvious symptoms at all. The data has confirmed the worries regarding the potential 'bridging effect' of HIV transmission as resulted by cross-border commercial sex-networking activities.

Nurses' knowledge of biological and related science

The aims of this small, local study were to determine the level of biological and related knowledge held by student and qualified nurses at a college of higher education; and to ascertain whether such knowledge is lacking, or held but poorly applied to the clinical situation. A group of student and qualified nurses (n = 141) were assessed using a four-part assessment tool. Overall, the scores achieved by the nurses in the sample were below the pass mark at grade C or above for GCSE examinations. No significant differences in knowledge levels were found between student and qualified nurses, or between nurses on degree as opposed to diploma programmes. There was some association between previous relevant qualifications and performance in the assessment and a probable association between nursing experience and levels of practical knowledge. The researcher concluded that there was a lack of scientific knowledge rather than just a lack of application. This finding may have a bearing on quality of patient care, professional accountability, nurses' personal well-being and the development of nursing as a profession, although larger studies are needed to investigate this.