Levels Of Internal Locus Research Articles

THE SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PROFESSIONAL PATH ELABORATION AS A PROFESSIONAL-PERSONAL FORMATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS

Nowadays, a special attention is required for training of social workers as persons choosing a new type of professional work, which requires the proper professional training and involves changes of a social status, emergence of new social functions, types of work, inclusion into various social relations and professional work. Particular attention in formation of a social work specialist should be paid to the period of university training, when students acquire experience in social life, are included into the professional community, form sometimes qualitatively new social ties related to professional work. This is the period of a person’s professional formation or primary professional adaptation, when students, as future specialists, goes from developed professional interests to mastering of professional knowledge and skills; they become aware on the content and goals of their professional work, form the position of a specialist-professional, make a personal life decision in general. Only an active specialist is able to take responsibility for everything that is happening his/her life, want to change him/herself and is able to successfully elaborate his/her life path as a system of a future specialist’s potential capabilities. The article reveals the socio-psychological features of professional path elaboration as a professional-personal formation of social workers. It substantiates that life elaboration accompanies personality formation throughout all life path; as a results, an ideal self-image as a future specialist, a professional, an active agent of professional work in the field of social services is being modelled and improved. The article presents the empirical study on the social and psychological features of professional path elaboration by social workers, namely they are characterized by the below average level. A small number of the studied specialists showed the high level: they are focused on career path creation, have intrinsic motivation for professional work in the field of social services and values corresponding to wok in social services, they show emotional-value attitudes to professional path elaboration and development of themselves as social workers, they identify themselves with the profession of a social worker, have the desire to know themselves, to understand and to make adjustments in their own development. More than half of the surveyed social workers showed the low level of reflection over their professional work. A low level of internal locus of control was noted also. At the stage of social workers’ professional adaptation, the most characteristic level was the below average one.

The Relationship of Locus of Control and Metacognitive Knowledge of Math with Math Achievements

The purpose of the research was to examine the correlation between locus of control and metacognitive knowledge in math and math achievement among students with learning disabilities. We examined 30 eighth grade pupils with learning disabilities and 30 other pupils all of whom studied in a heterogeneous class in a public school in order to better understand the extent to which the variables: metacognitive knowledge, locus of control and achievement in math differed in the two populations. The pupils answered three questionnaires: the first was designed to study the locus of control, the second, to investigate metacognitive knowledge and the third, to measure math achievement. The findings of this study indicate that the higher the level of the internal locus of control, the higher the use of metacognitive knowledge. Furthermore, higher levels of internal locus of control and higher use of metacognitive knowledge resulted in increased math achievement.

Stereotype contrast effect on neuropsychological assessment of contact-sport players: The moderating role of locus of control

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Diagnosis threat has been shown to produce detrimental effects on neuropsychological performance in individuals with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Focusing on contact-sport players who are at great risk of mTBI, our study was designed to examine the moderating role of internal locus of control. Specifically, we predicted that following diagnosis threat (reminder of their risk of sustaining mTBI and of its consequences), low-internal contact-sport players would underperform (assimilation to the stereotype), while their high-internal counterparts would outperform (contrast effect). We predicted that effort and anxiety would mediate these effects.Method: Contact-sport players and non-contact-sport players (“control” group) were randomly assigned to one condition (diagnosis threat or neutral) and then completed attention, executive, episodic memory, and working memory tasks. Regarding mediating and moderating variables, participants rated their effort and anxiety (self-report measures) and completed the Levenson (1974) locus of control scale. Regression-based path analyses were carried out to examine the direct and indirect effects.Results: As expected, there was no effect of condition on the control group’s performance. Contact-sport players with moderate and high levels of internal control outperformed (contrast effect) on executive and episodic memory tasks following diagnosis threat compared to the neutral condition. Additionally, the less anxiety moderate- and high-internal contact-sport participants felt, the better they performed on episodic memory and executive tasks. However, contact-sport players low in internal control did not underperform (assimilation effect) under diagnosis threat.Conclusions: Our results suggest that diagnosis threat instructions may have challenged moderate- and high-internal contact-sport participants, leading them to outperform compared to the neutral condition. Individuals who have moderate and high levels of internal locus of control may have higher performance under diagnosis threat compared to the neutral condition because of their feeling of control over their cognitive performance.

Variations in Organizational Role Stress in Different Cycles of Age

The present paper seeks to explore variations caused by individual variables categorized in two broad categories i.e. age and dispositional- locus of control. In the present study a sample of 180 employees were selected from different industries. Employees belonging to age group of below 25 years’ experience maximum organizational role stress. Second most age group is belonging to age category of 26-35. Employees in age group of above 45 years are reported to be least stressed among employees of all category. Stress level is defined to increase with higher rating on locus scale. Locus of control are somewhat related with internal belief and self-confidence of the individual employees. HR practitioners are advised to consider personality related differences to counter stressors. Psychologists have suggested various practices to build up higher levels of internal locus of control. Practices like ABC theory of emotions, Unconditional Self-Acceptance (USA), Unconditional Others Acceptance (UOA) etc. can prove beneficial in this regards.Int. J. Soc. Sci. Manage. Vol-3, issue-2: 125-128

The effect of peer's impression management on employee's organizational behavior

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among peer's impression management, employee's impression management motive, and employee's organizational behavior(task performance and voice behavior). Also, this study examined the mediating role of employee's impression management motive in the relationship between peer's impression management and employee's organizational behavior and the moderating role of internal locus of control in the relationship between peer's impression management and impression management motive. Data were gathered from 251 employees from a number of companies by survey research method. The result of this study showed that peer's impression management influences on employee's impression management motive, and employee's impression management motive influences on both task performance and voice behavior. Employee's impression management motive fully mediated the relationship between peer's impression management and employee's organizational behavior(task performance and voice behavior), and internal locus of control moderated the relationship between peer's impression management and employee's impression management motive. That is, the positive relationship between peer's impression management and employee's impression management motive was stronger when employee's level of internal locus of control was high. Based on the results, the implications of this study and the directions for future research tasks were discussed with limitations.

The Effect of Peer's Impression Management on Employee's Organizational Behavior: The Mediating Effect of Impression Management Motive and Moderating Effect of Internal Locus of Control

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among peer's impression management, employee's impression management motive, and employee's organizational behavior(task performance and voice behavior). Also, this study examined the mediating role of employee's impression management motive in the relationship between peer's impression management and employee's organizational behavior and the moderating role of internal locus of control in the relationship between peer's impression management and impression management motive. Data were gathered from 251 employees from a number of companies by survey research method. The result of this study showed that peer's impression management influences on employee's impression management motive, and employee's impression management motive influences on both task performance and voice behavior. Employee's impression management motive fully mediated the relationship between peer's impression management and employee's organizational behavior(task performance and voice behavior), and internal locus of control moderated the relationship between peer's impression management and employee's impression management motive. That is, the positive relationship between peer's impression management and employee's impression management motive was stronger when employee's level of internal locus of control was high. Based on the results, the implications of this study and the directions for future research tasks were discussed with limitations.

The Role of Simultaneous Pursuing of Academic and Athletic Activities over Youth in Personality Development

In search of approaches to defining the psychological life history of an individual the contemporary personality psychologists address the individual differences in behavior reflecting the interplay of the specific real life situations and the new dynamic contextualized trait constructs which can cast light on the within-person causal dynamics. The participants of the research—thirty University-level student-athletes and 109 secondary college-level students, simultaneously pursuing the academic and athletic activities, were shown to display different levels of personality self-evolution under this specific situation depending on the sporting achievements attained. Clustering the samples (K-means algorithm) into the two groups each, which significantly differed on the personality variables, indicative of the self-evolution dynamics, showed that the higher was the level of sporting achievements the more significantly the participants appeared to differ on the patterns of coping strategies preferred, the emotional intelligence abilities, hardiness and dispositional resources of self-evolution acquired. Equally high levels of internal locus of control and the mental health continuum measures in both clusters of the university-level student-athletes can also be regarded as favorable outcomes of combining two significant life activities for stimulating the personality development.

When females are more risk aversive?

Although the issue of gender differences in risk taking behavior has been an interesting issue of industrial and organizational psychology fields, there is no univocal agreement on this topic. In this paper, we try to find supportive evidence that gender affects risk-taking behavior that is moderated by the frame. In addition, we extend the previous findings by adding variables such as ambition, responsibility, and internal locus of control. As expected, gender and frame interact to influence risk-taking behavior, such that positively framed men are prone to take more risks, whereas negatively framed women prefer risk-taking options. In addition, ambition and the level of internal locus of control are positively related to risk-taking behavior, while responsibility level is negatively related to risk-taking behavior. The implications and limitations of findings are discussed.

Entrepreneurs’ Traits and Firm Performance - A Study of Rural Entrepreneurs in North Central Province in Sri Lanka

Over the years, much research has been devoted to answering the question what factors explain small firm performance and growth. Entrepreneurs’ traits and firm performance have been developed in numerous research works. This study aims to investigate the attributes of entrepreneurs and their role on firm performance. The Sample of 175 manufacturing small and medium enterprises in North Central Province in Sri Lanka provided the data for the study and found that the entrepreneurs have moderate high level of internal locus of control, need for achievement and risk taking propensity. The result of ANOVA indicated that the attributes identified are varied on the gender, education level and business experiences of the entrepreneurs. Further, significant positive relationships were found between internal locus of control, need for achievement and firms performance. Surprisingly, no significant correlation was found between RTP and firms performance. Limitations and suggestions also are made for future research into this topic.

Hospice volunteer as patient advocate: A trait approach

The purpose of this study is to examine traits of hospice volunteers that facilitate their success in this informal caregiving role, with the larger goal of alleviating the family caregiver burden and providing additional support to the hospice patient. To achieve this goal, a new scale was developed to tap into how hospice volunteers view their patient advocacy role. Participants were 136 trained hospice volunteers from the Midwest who had direct contact with hospice patients. Volunteers mailed anonymous surveys that included measures of argumentativeness, locus of control, attitudes toward patient advocacy, and key demographic items. A new scale was developed to measure patient advocacy by hospice volunteers called the Hospice Volunteer as Patient Advocate. Submitting this scale to exploratory factor analysis, two factors emerged: duty as patient advocate and support of patient rights. After performing a multiple regression analysis, results showed that female volunteers who were high in internal locus of control were more likely to perceive that volunteers have a duty as patient advocates. Younger volunteers with more years of volunteer experience, higher levels of internal locus of control, and lower external locus of control were more likely to support patient rights. The findings of this study could be used to formalize hospice volunteers' role as patient advocates, thus better utilizing them as committed, caring communicators and improving patient-centered care at end-of-life.

Individual and Organisational Facets of Change in the Public and Private Sectors: A Comparative Study

This study compares aspects of change in Belgian public and private sector organisations, with references to individual aspects (readiness to change and the locus of control) and organisational aspects (participation in decision making and risk-taking reward orientation). The empirical research is based on perceptions of 930 managers and 629 employees collected through a questionnaire survey from a variety of public (n = 35) and private sector organisations (n = 21). In total 1,559 responses were collected from the private sector (n = 827) and the public sector (n = 732). The hypotheses tested were that in the public sector, people report a lower level of readiness to change (ie, emotional involvement and commitment to change); a lower level of internal locus of control; a lower risk-taking reward orientation; and a higher level of participation in decision making in comparison to the private sector. Two-way analyses of variance, private versus public and managerial versus non-managerial positions of respondents, were performed. Results yielded significant main effects for each sector on locus of control, risk-taking reward orientation and readiness to change, and contribute to the debate on similarities and differences between public and private sector management. Some main effects cannot be interpreted in a straightforward manner, since significant interaction effects were observed between sectors and hierarchical position for the locus of control, risk-taking reward orientation, commitment to change, and emotional involvement. In brief, the hierarchical position of respondents is an important moderator variable that helps to explain differences between both sectors. The findings of this inquiry have noteworthy theoretical and managerial implications that are discussed throughout the article.

The occupational stress and health outcome profiles of clinical directors in child and adolescent psychiatry

AbstractOver 60 per cent of the Consultant Medical Directors of all 102 German Clinics for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry responded to a comprehensive questionnaire to assess specific facets of occupational stress and health outcome (psychological and physical well‐being), as well as individual difference variables (Type A behaviour, Locus of Control, and coping). Compared to other managers (n = 287), the medical professionals tended to exhibit greater job‐related stress, more specifically in terms of workload, managerial role and daily hassles. Conversely, they reported less stress associated with recognition and achievement. There were no differences in terms of Type A behaviour and coping, but medical directors displayed higher levels of internal locus of control. The majority expressed favourable evaluation of working climate. Overall, they were more satisfied with their work and this was most apparent with respect to intrinsic job satisfaction, organizational satisfaction and organizational security. Daily hassles (day to day irritants and aggravations in the workplace) emerged as the single stress determinant of physical and psychological well‐being for the physician group. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Self‐acceptance and Behaviour Control in Creatively Gifted Young People

An investigation was made into the relationship between self‐acceptance, locus of behaviour control and the level of adolescents’ creative thinking abilities. From a sample of 250 pupils, aged 13–14 years, 30 creative and 30 control non‐creative pupils were selected, their scores on several measures were compared, and the results then analyzed for locus of control and self‐acceptance. Comparisons were also made between the boys and girls. The young people with a high level of creative thinking ability (fluency, flexibility and originality of thinking) were found to have significantly higher levels of internal control and self‐acceptance when compared with the less creative control group. Girls showed a higher level of internal locus of control than boys.