Levels Of Information Processing Research Articles

Usage of Agromet Advisory Services among the Farmers of Y.S.R District of Andhra Pradesh, India

Weather is one of the most important factors determining the success or failure of agricultural production. It affects every phase of the growth and development of a plant. Extreme weather events like heavy rains, cyclones, heat waves, cold waves, drought, etc cause considerable loss in crop production every year. Because of the above, Agrometeorological Advisory Services (AAS) are being rendered by India Meteorological Department (IMD), Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) under Gramin Krishi Mausam Sewa (GKMS). Under this scheme weather information-based, crop/livestock management strategies and operations are dedicated to enhancing crop production and food security. To understand the response of the farmers about weather based weather-based advisories disseminated through mobile phones a survey was conducted by the District Agromet Unit (DAMU) by the Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Utukur, Andhra Pradesh. A sample size of 200 respondents was selected by employing a proportionate random sampling method. Among the farmers surveyed, the majority of the farmers fully adopted harvesting practices (87.5 %) followed by pest, disease management, and irrigation management practices. Nearly half of the farmers followed nursery management, selection of varieties, and post-harvest management practices. Farmers had a medium level of information processing (47.0 %), storage (60.0 %), and sharing (52.5 %) behaviour.

An integrated analysis of the cancer genome atlas data discovers a hierarchical association structure across thirty three cancer types.

Cancer cells harbor molecular alterations at all levels of information processing. Genomic/epigenomic and transcriptomic alterations are inter-related between genes, within and across cancer types and may affect clinical phenotypes. Despite the abundant prior studies of integrating cancer multi-omics data, none of them organizes these associations in a hierarchical structure and validates the discoveries in extensive external data. We infer this Integrated Hierarchical Association Structure (IHAS) from the complete data of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and compile a compendium of cancer multi-omics associations. Intriguingly, diverse alterations on genomes/epigenomes from multiple cancer types impact transcriptions of 18 Gene Groups. Half of them are further reduced to three Meta Gene Groups enriched with (1) immune and inflammatory responses, (2) embryonic development and neurogenesis, (3) cell cycle process and DNA repair. Over 80% of the clinical/molecular phenotypes reported in TCGA are aligned with the combinatorial expressions of Meta Gene Groups, Gene Groups, and other IHAS subunits. Furthermore, IHAS derived from TCGA is validated in more than 300 external datasets including multi-omics measurements and cellular responses upon drug treatments and gene perturbations in tumors, cancer cell lines, and normal tissues. To sum up, IHAS stratifies patients in terms of molecular signatures of its subunits, selects targeted genes or drugs for precision cancer therapy, and demonstrates that associations between survival times and transcriptional biomarkers may vary with cancer types. These rich information is critical for diagnosis and treatments of cancers.

An Evaluation of Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical System Integration

In order to make physical systems run more efficiently and effectively at multiple levels of information processing, Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) combine physical processes, Computing, Communication, and Control (the 3Cs) into a single system. There are many factors that make solving the problem of packet transmission in CPS difficult, including unforeseeable node mobility, low number of nodes, lack of global data, and intermittent network access. Currently, there is no good answer to this problem in the literature. The impact of the CPS on engineered systems is much greater in the present and future. Cyber-physical system integration often presents unique challenges in the fields of design, implementation, and application. One of the goals of this research is to better understand the various definitions of an integrated CPS, as well as the growth of new research areas in this field. The application of CPSs faces a number of difficulties, including those related to efficiency, reliability, controllability, and security. We are moving forward in technological innovation with the development of CPSs and the Internet of Things (IoT). It is possible for engineers to gain a better understanding of engineering systems and management modules by utilizing the CPS-IoT models.

Understanding the value of art prompts in an online narrative medicine workshop: an exploratory-descriptive focus group study

Narrative medicine is an interdisciplinary field that complements and expands on conventional healthcare training by supporting narrative competence skills and creativity derived from the arts and humanities domains to address...

Rola uwagi w nauczaniu języka obcego – wybrane aspekty

The article aims to analyse selected attention processes concerning learning a foreign language, emphasising the possibility of formulating a pedagogical instruction resulting from the knowledge about attention. Recognising the student’s information processing mechanism as the teacher’s workplace, one must also recognise that the teacher’s knowledge of the processes taking place in it becomes an indisputable necessity. This article presents the concept of the attention filter in connection with the levels of information processing. Also, it refers to the concept of Kahneman’s attention resources management, each time trying to connect theoretical considerations with the possibility of their application in the school environment. The subject of the considerations was also involuntary and voluntary attention in language education processes, the hypothesis of conscious perception, individual differences and the relationship between attention and motivation. Theoretical considerations have become the starting point for application conclusions.

Entropy and institutional theory

PurposeOnce introduced and conceptualized as a factor that causes erosion and decay of social institutions and subsequent deinstitutionalization, the notion of entropy is at odds with predictions of institutional isomorphism and seems to directly contradict the tendency toward ever-increasing institutionalization. The purpose of this paper is to offer a resolution of this theoretical inconsistency by revisiting the meaning of entropy and reconceptualizing institutionalization from an information-theoretic point of view.Design/methodology/approachIt is a theoretical paper that offers an information perspective on institutionalization.FindingsA mistaken understanding of the nature and role of entropy in the institutional theory is caused by conceptualizing it as a force that counteracts institutional tendencies and acts in opposite direction. Once institutionalization and homogeneity are seen as a product of natural tendencies in the organizational field, the role of entropy becomes clear. Entropy manifests itself at the level of information processing and corresponds with increasing uncertainty and the decrease of the value of information. Institutionalization thus can be seen as a special case of an increase in entropy and a decrease of knowledge. Institutionalization is a state of maximum entropy.Originality/valueIt is explained why institutionalization and institutional persistence are what to be expected in the long run and why information entropy contributes to this tendency. Contrary to the tenets of the institutional work perspective, no intentional efforts of individuals and collective actors are needed to maintain institutions. In this respect, the paper contributes to the view of institutional theory as a theory of self-organization.

Consuming memes during the COVID pandemic: Effects of memes and meme type on COVID-related stress and coping efficacy.

As COVID-19 quickly spread across the globe, social media memes (i.e., typically humorous or cute images related to popular culture) about life in a pandemic also spread across the Internet. We conducted a between-subjects online experiment (N = 748) to assess how viewing memes during this pandemic era may influence audiences' stress and coping. In terms of psychological responses, we found that meme viewing (vs. nonmeme content) was associated with stronger cuteness responses, higher levels of reported humor, more positive emotions, and lower levels of information processing. However, meme viewing was not associated with state anxiety, COVID-19-related stress, or COVID-19-related coping efficacy. Furthermore, because memes generated positive emotions that were in turn related to increased COVID-19 coping efficacy, a path analysis found that viewing memes, as compared with nonmeme content, indirectly increased COVID-19 coping efficacy. Looking at the effects of meme type, we found that memes featuring animals were rated as cuter than memes with humans, though the former engendered lower information processing and predicted lower coping efficacy than did human memes. Cuteness responses, generally, were associated with decreased coping efficacy. In contrast, meme captions related to COVID-19 were related to deeper information processing and lower levels of COVID-19-related stress than were captions unrelated to COVID-19. Information processing was, in turn, associated with increased coping efficacy. This research demonstrates that memes, particularly those that relate to a highly stressful context, may help support efforts to cope with the stressor. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) Impact Statement Compared with viewing other media content, viewing memes resulted in Internet users experiencing greater humor and positive emotions. When Internet users viewed memes with captions focused on COVID-19, they reported lower COVID-19-related stress levels than if they viewed memes focused on other topics, suggesting that tackling a stressor directly with humorous popular media content can benefit our emotional state and stress levels. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)

Evoked Potentials of the Midbrain Associated with the Beginning and End of a Sound of a Simple Tone

The anatomical structure of the auditory system and the presence of several complementary levels of information processing allow a person to very quickly and accurately assess a variety of natural sounds that have minimal differences in frequency, duration, or intensity. At the same time, the features of the analysis of auditory information by the deep structures of the brain have not been fully investigated. In particular, the role of the midbrain in the perception of auditory information has not been fully identified. The basis of this study was the data of analysis of the activity of the midbrain in five people, obtained during intraoperative monitoring during surgery for the removal of tumor of the brainstem. Electric potentials were recorded using a depth electrode installed in the brain aqueduct. The activity of the midbrain associated with the response to simple tones was analyzed. Peaks S1, S2 and S3 were associated with the onset of the sound stimulus, peak E was associated with the end of the sound stimulus. Peaks S1, S2, and S3 most likely reflect the conduction of an uneven impulse along the auditory pathway. Peak E reflects the analysis of auditory information in the midbrain.

The effect of abstract representation and response feedback on serial dependence in numerosity perception.

Serial dependence entails an attractive bias based on the recent history of stimulation, making the current stimulus appear more similar to the preceding one. Although serial dependence is ubiquitous in perception, its nature and mechanisms remain unclear. Here, in two independent experiments, we test the hypothesis that this bias originates from high-level processing stages at the level of abstract information processing (Exp. 1) or at the level of judgment (Exp. 2). In Experiment 1, serial dependence was induced by a task-irrelevant "inducer" stimulus in a numerosity discrimination task, similarly to previous studies. Importantly, in this experiment, the inducers were either arrays of dots similar to the task-relevant stimuli (e.g., 12 dots), or symbolic numbers (e.g., the numeral "12"). Both dots and symbol inducers successfully yielded attractive serial dependence biases, suggesting that abstract information about an image is sufficient to bias the perception of the current stimulus. In Experiment 2, participants received feedback about their responses in each trial of a numerosity estimation task, which was designed to assess whether providing external information about the accuracy of judgments would modulate serial dependence. Providing feedback significantly increased the attractive serial dependence effect, suggesting that external information at the level of judgment may modulate the weight of past perceptual information during the processing of the current image. Overall, our results support the idea that, although serial dependence may operate at a perceptual level, it originates from high-level processing stages at the level of abstract information processing and at the level of judgment.

How Students Seek Information When Studying at Home? A Case Study in Pekalongan High Schools


 
 
 
 The Covid-19 has hampered students’ activities to visit the library. Thus, it changes students’ behavior in accessing information once studying at home. This paper studied the information seeking behavior of high school students in Pekalongan during the pandemic. This study used descriptive quantitative methods that collect research data using online questionnaires to research respondents. The research sample used the simple random sampling technique. The data was then analyzed by using descriptive statistical analysis of SPSS version 26th edition. The results showed that the information seeking behavior of high school students in Pekalongan during school from home occurs due to the Context of Information Needs (2, 88); Activating Mechanism (2.69) and risk/reward (3.07); Intervening variables in Psychological (3.08), Role-related or Interpersonal (3.37), Environmental (2.98), and Source Characteristics (2.68). Additionally, indicating the level of information seeking, Passive Search (3.07), Active Search (2.79), Ongoing Search (3.04), and Information processing and use (2.74).
 
 
 

Effect of audiovisual stimulation on adult memory performance based electroencephalography wavelet analysis

Human memory stores various information and events that can be retrieved when needed. Many factors can influence memory performance which either provide positive or negative feedback. This research investigates the effect of audiovisual stimulation on adult memory based on electroencephalography (EEG) analysis. Sixty college students are participating in this experimental study. They must memorize visual assessment at two different levels in Mozart’s Sonata music and white noise stimulation. During memorizing duration, the EEG machine records brain electrical activity based on 10–20 electrode placement. The collected raw brain signals are processed using the wavelet-based method. The stationary wavelet transform (SWT) is used for artifact elimination, whereas discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is applied to obtain alpha, beta, theta, and gamma rhythms. The time–frequency domain features are collected from the EEG signals to discover the influence of audiovisual stimulation. The findings showed a different increasing and decreasing trend of mean, standard deviation, and peak-to-peak EEG signal amplitude before and after audiovisual stimulation exposure. The theta and alpha rhythms showed the most influence with the highest relative power. Suppression of relative gamma and beta power is vital for improving visual information processing and attention level. Memorizing in audio stimulation has suppressed the relative alpha, beta, theta, and gamma power, leading to better visual memorizing ability. The white noise stimulation provides more influence on adult visual memory.

CRM-СИСТЕМЫ: ИСТОРИЯ, СУЩНОСТЬ, КЛАССИФИКАЦИЯ

The transformation in marketing research, the emergence of various sales methods leads to a change in relations with consum-ers. CRM systems are a relevant tool for managing customer relationships. More and more enterprises are using it in practice, however many Russian businessmen, as research shows, still do not use CRM in their business activities. The article discusses the genesis of CRM systems. Various ap-proaches to the definition of the system of relationships with customers in domestic and foreign sources are investigated. The classi-fications of CRM systems are presented ac-cording to: installation method, purpose, lev-el of information processing and architec-ture/availability. The current state of the CRM systems market in Russia has been studied using Google Trend and WordStat.

Social intelligence at work and its implication for organizational identification:

Since organizational identification is an important phenomenon for efficiency and productivity of the organization, its relationship with many variables has been examined. However, there is no study in the literature examining the relationship between organizational identification and social intelligence. Grounded in the Strong Ties Approach the object of study is to explore the relationship between social intelligence and organizational identification. Besides, the study aimed to determine whether the level of social intelligence and organizational identification vary or not according to the sector type. The study was designed with a quantitative research pattern and correlational research design. The sample is consisting of 306 public and private sector employees. The survey technique with a convenience sampling method was used to collect the data. The obtained data were investigated through statistical analysis software. Social intelligence has been studied both as a whole and with its dimensions named as social information processing, social skills, and social awareness. According to the regression analysis results; social intelligence as a whole and social skills have a significant and positive contribution to predicting organizational identification. However, the effect of social information processing and social awareness on organizational identification is not significant. Moreover, independent samples t-test suggests that the social intelligence and social skills levels of private-sector employees are higher than the same factor levels of the public sector. However, the level of employees' social information processing, social awareness, and organizational identification does not differ according to the sector type. The research also offers several theoretical and practical implications.

Degrees of Perceived Control Over Personal Information: Effects of Information Relevance and Levels of Processing

Major legal, philosophical, and scientific discussions regard control over personal information as a cornerstone of users’ fundamental right to privacy. Even though user perceptions of control determine whether and how people exercise their control, little is known about how these perceptions develop. We identify a property of the personal information the online service providers process, naming it the “Order of Control”. In an online experiment ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N=329$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) with a pre-study ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N=110$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ), we investigate how this property and personal information relevance affect users’ perceived control across three contexts of disclosure through mobile devices: meet ups, mobile payments, and food delivery. We find that perceived control differs depending on a person’s assumptions regarding the required levels of information processing. This effect was moderated by information relevance, albeit not systematically, and differed across the three contexts. The results also reveal that users tend to assume that any personal information may be recoverable from any other disclosed personal data, limiting their control over such information. Privacy practitioners and system designers should consider informing the users regarding outcomes of their disclosure and sharing decisions, while researchers should further investigate how user perceptions of control form and manifest themselves.

Radio-electronic control systems of sixth generation fighters. Part 3. Hierarchical levels of information processing and control formation. Directions of development

Radio-electronic control systems of sixth generation fighters. Part 3. Hierarchical levels of information processing and control formation. Directions of development

Synergistic Effect Between Online Broadcast Media and Interactive Media on Purchase Intention.

It is becoming increasingly important for marketers to use online broadcast media and interactive media simultaneously. In this paper, three studies were conducted to explain the mechanism inherent in a synergistic effect. We ran Study 1 to test the synergistic effect of online broadcast media and interactive media on purchase behavior. We conducted Study 2 (synergistic vs. non-synergistic groups) to test the differences between the groups. Study 2 was a 2 (interference vs. no interference terms) × 2 (synergistic vs. non-synergistic groups) experiment to test whether the interaction between online broadcast media and interactive media is a necessary condition for the synergistic effect. Finally, Study 3 was conducted to test the difference in the level of information processing between online broadcast media and interactive media as a necessary condition for the synergistic effect. We designed a 2 (questioning vs. not questioning) × 2 (synergistic vs. non-synergistic groups) experiment to examine the difference between the groups. The results show that online broadcast media and interactive media have a synergistic effect on consumer purchase intention and memory. Study 1 shows that participants in the synergistic group had a higher purchase intention than participants in the non-synergistic group. Study 2 revealed a significant cognition interaction effect on product memory between online broadcast media and interactive media. Finally, in Study 3, the difference in the information processing level between broadcast media and interactive media had a significant synergistic effect on product memory.

МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ РАЗВИТИЯ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМ С УЧЕТОМ КЛИМАТИЧЕСКИХ ИЗМЕНЕНИЙ

The strategic directions of Russia's economic development presuppose the existence of state programs, the transition from the expert-raw material type to the innovative type. A qualitatively new level of information processing opens up new development opportunities as a result of an increase in the speed of information processing throughout the entire life cycle of agricultural production. Sustainable development is measured by production on the territory and its efficiency in relation to the country's food security. Since the territories are not only producers of products, but also a complex socio-economic structure that functions according to certain laws, rules and traditions, a kind of habitat for residents. To a large extent, the sustainable development of territories depends on the level of development of production, implements the sustainable development of the economy. The state regulates the sustainable development of territories in order to support production as the main element of processes, controlling its development, supporting domestic producers, and performs one of the most important state functions, which is a macroeconomic problem of research of the territorial complex. Consequently, there is a dialectical relationship between the process of economic stabilization and the sustainable development of territories, which requires the development of research approaches. The search for new approaches to the development of territories is a particularly important circumstance at the present stage. A full-fledged system of economic, mathematical, structural modeling allows us to obtain predictive estimates in the context of food security indicators, based on current trends, global challenges and changes.

Method of creation of a two-level neural network structure for solving problems in mechanical engineering

There is an industrial trend of increasing technological effectiveness of production and growing autonomy of factories, resulting in generation of huge amounts of raw data that can be used to improve efficiency and continuity of industrial plants operation. Big data collection, processing and analysis technologies are already being actively implemented. Further use of big data will help with a variety of tasks, such as optimization and process monitoring, quality control of equipment and produced parts, modeling and forecasting of the facility operation and other mechanical engineering challenges. A new method of creation of a two-level neural network structure is proposed, designed to solve a number of problems by training individual neural networks for each subset of data used in the task at hand. This method combines two levels of information processing: the first level of the neural network classifier and the second level, which includes several neural network analyzers. Depending on the specific subject area and the data sets available, it is possible to use the method to solve various problems in mechanical engineering. The method allows to add new neural network analyzers and expand the scope of application. The practical application of the method in solving the problem of text message sentiment analysis is shown and an example of the Python programming language software implementation of the two-level structure is given. Use cases for the two-level structure method in mechanical engineering tasks are proposed. In addition, the proposed method can be used as a part of the hybrid intelligent information system that includes mivar expert systems. Combining neural networks with mivar expert systems as part of a hybrid intelligent information system is a promising direction for the development of artificial intelligence for mechanical engineering.

Storytelling in online shops: the impacts on explicit and implicit user experience, brand perceptions and behavioral intention

PurposeThis paper examines in detail how the use of storytelling with parallax technology can influence the user experience (UX) in online shops as well as brand- and behavior-relevant variables. Furthermore, this study analyzes the causal relationships between UX, brand attitudes and brand-related behavioral intentions in terms of purchase intention and price premiums. Explicit and implicit paths of human information processing are considered.Design/methodology/approachA sample of 266 respondents completed a web-based experiment under two conditions (text-based vs parallax storytelling online shop). An existing and operational online shop was used. The causal relationships were assessed by using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). To measure implicit information processing, a single category implicit association test was applied.FindingsBy applying the storytelling technique with parallax scrolling, the online shop increased visitors' UX on explicit and implicit information processing levels and increased the online shop's overall perceived attractiveness. Storytelling with parallax motion enables an efficient transmission of brand-related associations to consumers' minds, enhances their explicit and implicit brand attitudes and increases their willingness to pay a higher price. Moreover, this study provides empirical evidence on the effects of UX on brand-related measures by applying PLS-SEM and thus reveals a causal chain of effects from UX on online shop attractiveness, brand attitude and behavioral intentions. Again, explicit and implicit perceptions were considered.Originality/valueScience and practice are increasingly emphasizing that storytelling emotionalizes content, which facilitates effective communication and builds strong relationships with customers. Little evidence exists about its efficient implementation in an online shopping context and in fulfilling hedonic and pragmatic needs throughout the online journey. This study provides novel insights into managing online shoppers' UX, brand-related perceptions and behavioral intentions with the optimal use of techniques to implement storytelling. Furthermore, this is one of the first studies to holistically consider the human perception of online shops by drawing on theories and methods of psychology, marketing, consumer behavior, brand research and consumer neuroscience and considering explicit and implicit information processing in terms of hedonic and pragmatic UX and brand-related measures.

The KOALA-study: study protocol for a comprehensive study of cognitive biases in adolescent anorexia nervosa patients compared to healthy and clinical controls

BackgroundAnorexia nervosa (AN) is characterized by dysfunctional cognitions including cognitive biases at various levels of information processing. However, less is known about the specificity of these biases, i.e., if they occur for eating-disorder-related information alone or also for non-eating-disorder-related emotional information in AN patients (content-specificity) and if they are unique to individuals with AN or are also shown by individuals with other mental disorders (disorder-specificity).MethodsThe present study systematically assesses cognitive biases in 12–18-year-old female adolescents with AN on three levels of information processing (attention, interpretation, and memory) and with regard to two types of information content (eating-disorder-related, i.e., stimuli related to body weight and shape, and non-eating-disorder-related). To address not only content- but also disorder-specificity, adolescents with AN will be compared not only to a healthy control group but also to a clinical control group (adolescents with major depression or particular anxiety disorders). Cognitive biases are assessed within a single experimental paradigm based on the Scrambled Sentences Task. During the task eye movements are recorded in order to assess attention biases while interpretation biases are derived from the behavioural outcome. An incidental free recall test afterwards assesses memory biases. We expect adolescents with AN to show more pronounced negative cognitive biases on all three levels of information processing and for both types of content compared to healthy adolescents. In addition, we expect the specificity of biases to translate into differential results for the two types of content: AN patients are expected to show stronger biases for disorder-related stimuli but similar or less pronounced biases for non-disorder-related stimuli compared to the clinical control group.DiscussionThis is the first study to comprehensively assess cognitive biases in adolescents with AN. It will have essential implications not only for cognitive-behavioural models of AN but also for subsequent studies aiming to modify cognitive biases in this population, thereby addressing important maintaining factors already at an early stage of the disorder.