Ht Levels Research Articles

Bleeding and surgical time in knee arthroplasty using robotic assistance with and without the use of a tourniquet

Objectives To compare bleeding and surgical time in patients undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) with robotic assistance with and without the use of a tourniquet. Methods Retrospective study with analysis of medical records. Patients were divided into two groups: one group in which robotic-assisted TKA was performed using a tourniquet and the other without. Hemoglobin change and hematocrit at 24 hours after surgery, the volume of bleeding, number of transfusions and surgical time were compared. Results 108 patients were included. The group using a tourniquet totaled 59 patients and the group without a tourniquet 49 patients. There was no difference between the mean hemoglobin and hematocrit values ​​between the groups, preoperatively (p = 0.287 and p = 0.508) and 24 hours (p = 0.252) after surgery. There was also no difference between the volume of bleeding in each group (p = 0.265). Surgical time was not different between groups (p = 0.179). There was no need for transfusions in any patient. Conclusion TKA surgeries with robotic assistance performed with and without the use of a tourniquet showed no significant difference in Hb change and Ht levels 24 hours after surgery, estimated bleeding volume, transfusions and surgical time.

Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels are positively correlated with phase angle in mixed cancer patients: an exploratory cross-sectional study.

The aim of this study is to verify the correlationbetween hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Ht) levels with phase angle (PhA) values in patients with cancer of the gastrointestinal tract and accessory digestive organs. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 82 patients (38 females/44 males) diagnosed with cancer of gastrointestinal tract and accessory organs of digestion. Hb (g/dL) and Ht (%) levels were assessed by the cyanomethemoglobin and microhematocrit methods, respectively. Body composition and PhA were evaluated by the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). The cut-off point used to classify patients with low PhA was set < 4°. Fifty-five (67%) of patients had PhA ≥ 4° values. We observed that body weight, BMI, fat mass, % weight loss, Ht, and Hb were higher in the PhA ≥ 4° group than in the PhA < 4° group. In the regression analysis, we found a positive association between PhA, Ht, and Hb without and after adjustment for sex, age, BMI, and type of treatment. In mixed cancer patients, there was a positive correlation between blood-red cell markers and PhA. This may be evidence that we can use of hematological parameters to suggest changes in PhA values during oncological treatment.

Measurement of the Direct Impact of Hematophagous Flies on Feeder Cattle: An Unexpectedly High Potential Economic Impact.

In addition to blood pathogen transmission, insects of the order Diptera affect livestock through visual and contact harassment; blood-feeders are responsible for painful bites and blood despoliation, generating behavioral modifications, anemia, and production losses. Knowledge of their economic impact is a basis for cost-effective control. Here, we measured the global impact of diptera insects by comparing two batches of six feeder cattle, one in the open air and the other protected by a mosquito net. The analytical data were insect density in the open air and, for feeder cattle, tail flick counts, hematocrit values (Ht), feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and live body weight gain (LBWG). Over a period of five months, the results showed significant losses in the LBWG of cattle exposed to insects, estimated at 8.0 ± 1.5 kg/month [2.7; 13.3], with a total loss reaching 40.0 ± 5.5 kg/head. Main diurnal insects were Stomoxys spp. and Musca crassirostris. There was a strong correlation between fly density and diurnal tail flicks. Night trapping and tail flicks showed a potentially important role of mosquitoes to be further explored. The Ht levels of exposed animals were 3-4% lower than those of controls. FCRs indicated that exposed animals needed 33% more dry matter intake/kg of LBWG. An economic assessment showed that dipterans were responsible for a 10-11% loss in LBWG during the main growing period of feeder cattle (10-15 months). A feedlot of 100 calves would register a total loss of USD 16,000 within 5 months, which appears to be an unexpectedly huge loss caused by dipterans. Investing part of this money into fly control would probably be beneficial.

Analysis of Erythrocyte Parameters in Multiple and Long-Term Blood Donors from Northern Pomerania (Poland)

Background/Aims: Assessment of the levels of vital blood parameters in donors is essential to evaluate their health status, ensure their suitability for donation, preserve the integrity of the circulatory system, and facilitate comprehensive health monitoring. The aim of our study was to analyse the levels of haemoglobin, haematocrit, erythrocyte count, MCV, MCH, and MCHC in 12 groups of first-time donors and experienced donors of both sexes at the John Paul II Regional Blood Donation and Treatment Centre in Słupsk, northern Poland. The donors were divided into three age groups (18-30 years, 31-45 years, and 46-65 years). Methods: Using MANOVA multivariate significance tests, we examined the main effects of donor-related factors (age, sex, donor stage) on morphological blood parameters to evaluate different haematological parameters, such as Hb, Ht, RBC, MCV, MCH, and MCHC, and identified statistically significant relationships between all variables. Results: The multivariate analysis of these three main factors showed that the variation in haemoglobin (Hb) levels accounted for 46% of the explained dependence in this statistical model. In particular, approximately half of the variability in the multivariate statistical analysis was attributed to the role of Hb and haematocrit (Ht). In addition, the β-coefficient values for Hb and Ht were statistically higher in relation to donor sex and donor type (single versus repeat). These β-coefficient values from our data represent the strength and direction of the relationship between the haematological parameters (Hb and Ht) and the specific donor characteristics. A higher β-coefficient indicates a stronger influence of donor sex and donor type on these parameters, suggesting that these factors contribute significantly to the variation in the Hb and Ht levels. Based on our results, the comprehensive analysis of the entire statistical model of metabolic biomarkers revealed the following hierarchy: Hb &gt; Ht &gt; MCHC &gt; MCV &gt; RBC &gt; MCH. The results obtained showed strong statistical relationships, as indicated by the high values of the key statistical indicators in our analysis. The coefficient of determination (R²) showed that the model explained a significant proportion of the variance in the data, while the F-test statistic confirmed the significance of the predictors. Conclusion: These strong statistical dependencies provided a clear justification for selecting this model over others, as it effectively represented the underlying relationships within the data. These statistics help to assess how well the model matches the actual data, thereby helping to reduce the risks associated with blood donation, optimise donor safety, and maintain the quality and efficiency of blood transfusion services.

Influence of an iron dextran injection in various diseases on hematological blood parameters, including serum ferritin, neonatal dairy calves

BackgroundFeeding milk substitutes with low iron content or whole milk without iron supplementation is considered a major factor in developing iron-deficiency anemia in neonatal dairy calves. Young calves are often supplemented with iron dextran injections on the first day of life to prevent anemia. However, the effects of preventive treatment and the presence of disease on serum iron (Fe) concentrations, serum ferritin levels, and hematological blood parameters during the early neonatal stages have not been examined in detail. Therefore, we examined and evaluated the effects of iron dextran injections and health status on the development of hematocrit (Ht), red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), erythrocyte indices (mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration), Fe, and serum ferritin concentrations in dairy calves within the first 10 days of life. The suitability of serum ferritin as a reliable indicator of anemia in very young calves was evaluated by correlating ferritin concentrations with known laboratory diagnostic parameters of anemia.ResultsIron supplementation significantly increased Fe levels (P = 0.048) but did not affect serum ferritin levels in neonatal calves. Fe concentrations were significantly lower in diseased than healthy calves (P = 0.0417). Iron supplementation significantly affected the health status, as observed in Ht (Ptreat=0.0057; Phealth=0.0097), RBC (Ptreat=0.0342; Phealth=0.0243), and Hb (Ptreat=0.0170; Phealth=0.0168). Serum ferritin levels did not significantly correlate with Fe levels. Both groups showed marked differences in ferritin levels, with the highest levels measured on day 2. Fe concentrations showed weak negative correlations with Hb and Ht levels on day 3 (ρ=-0.45; P = 0.0034 and ρ=-0.045; P = 0.0032, respectively). RBC count showed strong positive correlations with Hb and Ht levels (ρ = 0.91 and ρ = 0.93; P < 0.001).ConclusionIron dextran injections increased Fe concentrations but reduced Ht level, RBC count, and Hb level. The presence of diseases led to a reduction in Fe and higher values of Ht, RBC, and Hb in moderate disease than in severe disease. Due to physiological fluctuations during the first 3 days of life, serum ferritin level seems unuseful for evaluating iron storage before day 4 of life.

Single and combined toxicity of tadalafil (Cilais) and microplastic in Tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus)

The joint impact of tadalafil (Cilais) as a pharmaceutical residue and microplastics on fish is not well comprehended. The current study examined haematological, biochemical, and antioxidant parameters, along with immunohistochemical and histological indications in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after being exposed to tadalafil, polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs), and their mixtures for 15 days. The fish were distributed into 1st group control group (The fish was maintained in untreated water without any supplements); 2nd group exposed to 10 mg/L PE-MPs;3rd group exposed to 20 mg/l tadalafil (Cilais); 4th group exposed to 20 mg/l tadalafil (Cilais) + 10 mg/LPE-MPs (in triplicate). The levels of creatinine, uric acid, glucose, AST, ALT, and albumin in fish treated with tadalafil alone or in combination with PE-MPs were significantly higher than those in the control group. Fish exposed to PE-MPs, tadalafil, and tadalafil plus PE-MPs showed significantly lower levels of RBCs, Hb, Ht, neutrophils, and lymphocytes compared to the control group. Serum levels of total antioxidant capacity and reduced glutathione (GSH) were notably lowered in fish groups subjected to PE-MPs, tadalafil, and tadalafil + PE-MPs combinations in comparison to the control group. Malondialdehyde (MDA) serum levels were notably elevated in fish groups subjected to PE-MPs, tadalafil, and tadalafil + PE-MPs combinations compared to the control group. The most severe impact was observed in the tadalafil + PE-MPs combination group. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were significantly increased in liver tissues following exposure to both tadalafil and microplastics compared to tissues exposed to only one substance or the control group. Changes in the gills, liver, and renal tissues were seen following exposure to PE-MPs, tadalafil, and tadalafil + PE-MPs combination in comparison to the control group of fish. Ultimately, the mixture of tadalafil and PE-MPs resulted in the most detrimental outcomes. Tadalafil and PE-MPs exhibited showed greater adverse effects, likely due to tadalafil being absorbed onto PE-MPs.

THE INFLUENCE OF BIOCOMPATIBILITY OF THE EXTRACORPOREAL OXYGENATOR CIRCUIT ON THE DEGREE OF HEMOLYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF OXYGEN STATUS IN MINIMALLY INVASIVE CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING

Introduction. A distinctive feature of cardiopulmonary bypass in minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is the significantly longer perfusion time, involving active blood drainage from the vein to the cardiotomy reservoir, which carries the risk of hemolysis development. In this context, mechanical hemolysis disrupts the gas transport function of the blood.&#x0D; The aim of the research. Reducing hemolysis and optimizing oxygen status of patients during minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting surgeries.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The study included 60 patients, who underwent minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) under moderate hypothermia. The patients were divided into two groups of 30 individuals each. To improve the biocompatibility of the oxygenator, the circuit in Group 1 (Gr1) was treated with an adaptive composition, while in Group 2 (Gr2), the oxygenator circuit remained untreated. The following parameters were examined: hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Ht), red blood cell count (RBC), oxygen delivery index (DO2I), oxygen consumption index (VO2I), oxygen extraction ratio (O2ER%), oxygen extraction index (O2EI%), venous (SpvO2), and arterial (SpaO2) oxygen saturation, oxygen tension in arterial (PaO2) and venous blood (PvO2), acid-base status of the blood (pH, pCO2,HCO3ˉ, BE), and the degree of hemolysis.&#x0D; Results. Before initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), an insignificant increase in O2IE% was observed in Gr1 (26.07±1.57) and Gr2 (27.11±0.81); p=0.875, indicating an increase in tissue oxygen consumption. At the hypothermic stage CPB, both Gr1 and Gr2 demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in Hb, Ht, and RBC levels (p&lt;0.05) due to hemodilution, accompanied by a decrease in IDO2, IVO2, O2IE%, and O2ER% in both groups due to hypothermia. After rewarming, O2ER% in Gr1 (22.91±2.68) and Gr2 (24.59±2.02); p=0.191, and O2EI% in Gr1 (22.92±2.44) and Gr2 (24.61±2.01); p=0.215, were in the normal range. After weaning off cardiopulmonary bypassin Gr2, O2EI% was 27.34±1.97, indicating an increase in oxygen consumption and oxygen extraction. Upon separation from CPB, Gr2 showed a tendency to mild compensated metabolic acidosis, mainly due to HCO3ˉ 21.9±0.3. During the rewarming stage, the hemolysis value was 0.36±0.09in Gr1 and 0.45±0.17 in Gr2 (p&lt;0.001). After CPB, hemolysis was 0.41±0.15 in Gr1 and 0.61±0.22 in Gr2 (p&lt;0.001).&#x0D; Conclusions. Improving the biocompatibility of the extracorporeal oxygenatorcircuit makes it possible to reduce hemolysis and optimise the patient's oxygen status after cardiopulmonary bypass in minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting.

Coagulation parameters and prognosis analysis in COVID-19 patients

Aims: There are many factors that affect morbidity and mortality in COVID-19. Coagulopathy is thought to be one of the important mechanisms in COVID-19 mortality. In this study, it was aimed to investigate coagulation factors and their relationship with prognosis in COVID-19. Methods: Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were retrospectively reviewed in our hospital. The patients' demographic data, laboratory data on admission to the hospital, intensive care admissions, and surveillance were recorded. Patients were divided into two groups; Group 1 is non-critical patients followed up in the clinic, Group 2 is critical patients who need treatment in the intensive care unit. Results: 403 patients followed up for COVID-19 were analyzed. It was determined that the average age of the patients in Group 1 was statistically significantly lower than those in Group 2. (1: 45.28 ± 15.31 vs. 2: 60.15 ± 15.72, respectively, p &lt;0.001). It was observed that the rates of HT, DM, CHD, and COPD in Group 2 were statistically significantly higher than Group 1 (p &lt;0.05). While APTT values were similar in both groups, D-Dimer values were significantly higher in Group 2. As QSOFA, SIC, DIC, and coagulation marker scores increased, the percentage of patients with death increased significantly (p &lt;0.05). Age, HT, COPD, PT, and high fibrinogen levels were found to increase the mortality risk rates statistically (p &lt;0.05). Conclusion: It was determined that the most important factors determining mortality in COVID-19 are COPD and HT. APTT and D-dimer values were not found to be a prognostic factor in terms of mortality. However, PT, fibrinogen, and age are poor prognostic factors and can be used to predict mortality requiring intensive care.

Therapeutic effects of curcumin on constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome is associated with modulating gut microbiota and neurotransmitters.

Constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C) is a functional bowel disease that affects 10-20% of the population worldwide. Curcumin (CUR) is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat IBS, but its mechanism of action needs further investigation. In this study, we used mosapride (MOS) as a positive control to evaluate the changes in gut microbiota in IBS-C rat models after treatment with CUR or MOS by analyzing 16S rDNA variation. In addition, we used enzyme immunoassay kits and immunohistochemical analysis to investigate whether CUR or MOS influenced serotonin (5-HT), substance P (SP), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) levels in the serum and colon of IBS-C rats. The study showed that rats supplemented with CUR showed significantly increased fecal weight, fecal water content, small intestine transit rate and significantly decreased serum levels of 5-HT, VIP and SP compared to the IBS group (p < 0.05). In addition, treatment with CUR changed the relative abundance of Blautia, Sutterella, Acetanaerobacterium and Ruminococcus2 in the gut microbiota. This study showed that the efficacy of CUR on IBS-C was possibly by modulating the microbiota and lowering the serum levels of HT, SP, and VIP.

Abstract 13555: Effect of Calcium Channel Blockers on Clinical Outcomes in Patients After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Left Ventricular Dysfunction

Although calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are effective in hypertension and IHD, short-acting CCBs are not recommended for heart failure due to have negative inotropic effects. On the other hand, long-acting CCBs have been reported to be safe for use in patients with cardiac dysfunction, but details are still unclear. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the effects of CCBs on CAD patients and left LV function. Methods: We enrolled 7173 consecutive CAD patients (Age; 69 [61-76] years and male; 78%) who underwent successful PCI for AP or ACS between April 2008 and March 2020 from prospective, multicenter registry (FUJISUN registry). Of the enrolled patients, 5307 analyzable patients were divided by LVEF &lt;40 or ≥40%. Patients were prospectively followed for a maximum of 8 years or until the occurrence of the cardiac events (CEs): cardiac death, nonfatal MI. Results: During the follow-up period (3.6 [1.4-6.7] years), 230 (4%) CEs occurred (109 Cardiac death, 121 MI). Both patients with LVEF &lt;40% and ≥40% had higher prevalence of HT and lower levels of BNP in CCB group than in non-CCB group. Propensity match analysis was performed to reduced selection bias for CCB use in each group. In patients with LVEF &lt;40%, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that CCB group had significantly lower probability of CEs than non-CCB group, whereas in those with LVEF ≥40%, the probability of CE was similar in both groups. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that CCB group had significantly lower probabilities of CEs compared with non-CCB group in patients with LVEF&lt;40%, (HR 0.25; 95% CI 0.09-0.71, p &lt;0.01), but not in those with LVEF≥40% (HR 1.13; 95% CI 0.80-1.60, p = 0.50). Conclusions: Long-acting CCBs may improve clinical outcomes in post-PCI CAD patients with LV dysfunction.

Stimulatory effect of dietary alpha-lipoic acid on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, liver enzymes, immunity and protection of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (B.), Edwardsiella tarda infection.

Edwardsiella tarda is one of the most common causes of fish diseases that hinder aquaculture. Oxidative stress in farm animals can induce a number of pathological disorders, productionand general animal welfare. The use of exogenous dietary nonenzymatic antioxidants such as alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) can stop a pro-oxidant state and thus appears to have the potential to modulate the immune system and protect fish from bacterial infection. Thus, this study investigates the stimulatory effect of dietary ALA on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, liver enzymes, immunityand protection of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (B.), against an infection with E. tarda. Five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets (400 g/kg of crude protein) containing ALA at doses of 0.0 (control), 500, 1000, 1500or 2000 mg/kg diet were served to 300 juveniles of African catfish (mean weight = 8.2 ± 0.2 g) adequately thrice per day for 12 weeks. Thereafter, 0.1 mL of E. tarda (ATCC 15947; 1.0 × 108 CFU/mL) was intraperitoneally injected into 10 fish from each tank and was monitored for 14 days. The results showed that ALA-fortified diets significantly boosted the fish growth, feed consumption and utilizationand feed conversion ratio but no did not affect fish survival rate. The highest final fish weight (g), weight growth (g)and weight gain (%) were all considerably higher in fish fed with ALA-fortified diets (p < 0.05), especially from 1000 to 200 mg/kg ALA than the control group. Also, an enhanced hemato-biochemical, antioxidantand immune indices were noticed in African catfish-fed ALA-enriched diets. In a dose-dependent order, the levels of haematological indices such Ht, Hb, RBCs, WBCsand platelets were markedly increased (p < 0.05). Additionally, fish fed with ALA-based diets showed substantial (p < 0.05) declines in aspartate and alanine aminotransferase values, with the lowest values being found in the 2000 mg/kg diet while control group had highest values. Further, African catfish fed the feed fortified with 2000 mg ALA/kg diet showed the highest levels of lysozyme, respiratory burst, proteasesand esterase activities (p < 0.05). Following exposure of fish to E. tarda infection, a significant reduction in the mortality was obtained in African catfish fed with ALA-based diets, especially from 1500 to 2000 mg ALA/kg diet (3.3%); while fish fed with the control diet had highest mortality (86.7%). Therefore, diets supplemented with ALA evoked fish growth performance, antioxidantsand nonspecific immunity of African catfish. Also, resistance of African catfish to E. Tarda infection were raised when fed ALA-fortified diets at optimum inclusion rate of 1300 mg ALA/kg diet.

Changes in laboratory results in transgender individuals on hormone therapy - a retrospective study and practical approach.

Interpreting laboratory results for transgender individuals who started hormone therapy requires careful consideration, specifically for analytes that have sex-specific reference intervals. In literature, conflicting data exist on the effect of hormone therapy on laboratory parameters. By studying a large cohort, we aim to define what reference category (male or female) is most appropriate to use for the transgender population over the course of gender-affirming therapy. A total of 2201 people (1178 transgender women and 1023 transgender men) were included in this study. We analyzed hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Ht), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), creatinine, and prolactin, at three different time points: pretreatment, during hormone therapy, and after gonadectomy. For transgender women, Hb and Ht levels decrease after initiation of hormone therapy. The concentration of liver enzymes ALT, AST, and ALP decrease whereas the levels of GGT do not change statistically significantly. Creatinine levels decrease whereas prolactin levels rise in transgender women during gender-affirming therapy. For transgender men Hb and Ht values increase after starting hormone therapy. Liver enzymes and creatinine levels increase statistically significant as well upon hormone therapy while prolactin concentrations decrease. Overall, reference intervals in transgender people after 1 year on hormone therapy resembled those of their affirmed gender. Generating transgender-specific reference intervals is not essential to correctly interpret laboratory results. As a practical approach, we recommend to use the reference intervals of the affirmed gender from 1 year onwards after starting hormone therapy.

The efficacy of Bloso fish (Glossogobius giuris sp.) in improving hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet, and albumin levels of Wistar rats with hypoalbuminemia

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease worldwide that causes death. Common clinical manifestations of patients with TB include anemia, hypoalbuminemia, and malnutrition. Most patients with TB are infected with coccus bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, that commonly attack the respiratory tract. However, the consumption of heme protein sources could improve the nutritional status of patients with TB. Fish comprise one of the most widely consumed sources of heme. The bloso fish (Glossogobius giuris sp.), considered a fish without economic value is a new alternative source of heme protein. This study aimed to develop supplements using bloso fish (Glossogobius giuris sp.). This study used an experimental pretest-post-test control group design. Seven male Wistar rats were used as the negative control group. Twenty- eight male Wistar rats were administered S. aureus, fed a protein-deficient diet, and divided into the positive control group, the K1 group, which received up to 675 mg/200 g of bloso fish flour, the K2 group, which received up to 67.5 mg/200 g of bloso fish oil, and the K3 group, which received up to 675 mg/200 g of bloso fish fluor from oil extraction dregs. Treatment was administered for 28 days. The hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Ht), platelet, and albumin levels in blood serum from the retroorbital vein were measured. Data were processed using a paired t-test and one-way analysis of variance. The results showed differences in Hb, Ht, platelet, and albumin levels were observed before and after treatment. Additionally, differences in Hb, Ht, platelet, and albumin levels were observed in the groups that received bloso fish flour and bloso fish oil. Bloso fish flour and bloso fish oil increased the Hb, Ht, platelet, and albumin levels of rats with hypoalbuminemia.

Acertannin Prevented Dextran Sulfate Sodium-induced Colitis by Inhibiting the Colonic Expression of IL-23 and TNF-α in C57BL/6J Mice.

The present study investigates the effects of acertannin on colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and changes in the colonic levels of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-23, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).We examine the following: inflammatory colitis was induced in mice by 2% DSS drinking water given ad libitum for 7 days. Red blood cell, platelets, and leukocyte counts and hematocrit (Ht), hemoglobin (Hb), and colonic cytokine and chemokine levels were measured. The disease activity index (DAI) was lower in DSS-treated mice orally administered acertannin (30 and 100 mg/kg) than in DSS-treated mice. Acertannin (100 mg/kg) inhibited reductions in the red blood cell count and Hb and Ht levels in DSS-treated mice. Acertannin prevented DDS-induced mucosal membrane ulceration of the colon and significantly inhibited the increased colonic levels of IL-23 and TNF-α. Our findings suggest that acertannin has potential as a treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Sublethal Effects of Cadmium on the Osmoregulatory and Acid-Base Parameters of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) at Various Times.

Cadmium (Cd) can contaminate aquatic environments as a result of anthropogenic activity. Cd accumulates quickly in the tissues of fish and has the potential to affect their physiology, including osmoregulation and acid-base balance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the sublethal effects of Cd on the osmoregulation and acid-base balance of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus at different times. Fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations of Cd (1 and 2 mg/L) for 4 and 15 days. At the end of the experiment, fish were collected from each treatment to examine the levels of Cd and carbonic anhydrase (CA) in the gills, plasma osmolality, ions, blood pH, pCO2, pO2, and hematological parameters. Cd concentrations in gills rose with increasing Cd concentrations in the medium and exposure time. Cd inhibited respiration by generating metabolic acidosis, decreasing gill CA, reducing pO2, plasma osmolality, Cl-, and K+, particularly at 2 mg/L for 4 days and 1 and 2 mg/L for 15 days. Red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (Ht) levels decreased as Cd levels in water and exposure duration increased. Cd inhibits respiration, lowers RCB, Hb, and Ht levels and decreases ionic and osmotic regulation. All of these impairments can limit a fish's ability to provide appropriate oxygen to its cells, hence diminishing its physical activity and productivity.

PS-BPB10-1: INVOLVEMENT OF RENAL TUBULAR NFAT5 IN THE REGULATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE AND BODY FLUID VOLUME

Objective: Nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5 (NFAT5) is an osmoresponsive transcription factor that activates osmoprotective genes to protect cells against hypertonicity. Renal tubular cell-specific NFAT5 knockout (KO) mice have been shown to exhibit polyuria, hypernatremia, low urinary sodium excretion, and increased expression of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in the kidney. In the present study, regulation of blood pressure (BP) as well as that of body fluid volume were examined in the wild type (WT) mice and NFAT5 KO mice. Methods: The BP of KO mice and WT mice was measured using radiotelemetry method. The mice were fed with regular salt diet (RSD, 0.3% NaCl chow) or high salt diet (HSD, 8% NaCl chow) followed by the treatment with amiloride, an ENaC blocker. To assess body fluid volume, the plasma renin activity (PRA) and the plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) were measured at the condition of RSD and HSD, together with plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) and hematocrit (Ht) levels. Results: Compared to WT mice, the mean BP was significantly higher in KO mice both at the condition with RSD and that with HSD in dark period, but not in light period. Treatment with amiloride significantly decreased the mean BP in KO mice with HSD to the level of WT mice with HSD in dark period. PRA, PAC, and AVP levels were not significantly different between in WT and KO mice with RSD. HSD significantly decreased PRA and PAC and tended to increase the AVP level both in WT and KO mice. The Ht level was significantly lower in KO mice than in WT mice regardless of RSD or HSD (WT with RSD, 42.6 ± 0.5%; WT with HSD, 42.8 ± 0.6%; KO with RSD, 38.3 ± 0.4%; KO with HSD, 39.0 ± 0.4%, n = 4). Conclusions: The results suggest that the renal tubular cell-specific NFAT5 KO mice exhibit excess body fluid retention induced by sodium reabsorption through ENaC, leading to salt-sensitive hypertension. Such phenotypes seem to be independent of the systemic renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and AVP systems. Renal tubular NFAT5 could integrate urine concentration and sodium reabsorption in the kidney, thus preventing salt-dependent hypertension.

Manganese alleviates heat stress of primary cultured chick embryonic myocardial cells via enhancing manganese superoxide dismutase expression and attenuating heat shock response

Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element that has been shown to attenuate the adverse effects of heat stress in the heart of broiler breeders and embryos. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms involving this process remain unclear. Therefore, two experiments were conducted to investigate the possible protective mechanisms of Mn on primary cultured chick embryonic myocardial cells exposed to heat challenge. In experiment 1, the myocardial cells were exposed to 40 °C (normal temperature, NT) and 44 °C (high temperature, HT) for 1, 2, 4, 6 or 8 h. In experiment 2, the myocardial cells were preincubated with no Mn supplementation (CON), 1 mmol/L of Mn as the inorganic MnCl2 (iMn) or organic Mn proteinate (oMn) under NT for 48 h, and then continuously incubated under NT or HT for another 2 or 4 h. The results from experiment 1 showed that the myocardial cells incubated for 2 or 4 h had the highest (P < 0.0001) heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70) or HSP90 mRNA levels than those incubated for other incubation times under HT. In experiment 2, HT increased (P < 0.05) the heat-shock factor 1 (HSF1) and HSF2 mRNA levels as well as Mn superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activity of myocardial cells compared with NT. Furthermore, supplemental iMn and oMn increased (P < 0.02) HSF2 mRNA level and MnSOD activity of myocardial cells compared with the CON. Under HT, the HSP70 and HSP90 mRNA levels were lower (P < 0.03) in iMn group than in the CON group, in oMn group than in iMn group; and the MnSOD mRNA and protein levels were higher (P < 0.05) in oMn group than in the CON and iMn groups. These results from the present study indicate that supplemental Mn, especially oMn, could enhance the MnSOD expression and attenuate heat shock response to protect against heat challenge in primary cultured chick embryonic myocardial cells.

Blood Profile of Rattus Nurvegicus Exposed to HgCl2 and Received Combination of IR Bagendit Rice Leaves-Infused Water and Young Coconut Water

Mercury chloride (HgCl2) is widely used in industries; in fact, this chemical substance is deadly for health and causes various health problems, such as liver damage, kidney damage, and hematopoietic disorders, especially in erythropoiesis. This study aims to determine the blood profile in Rattus nurvegicus exposed to HgCl2 by combining IR Bagendit rice leaves-infused water and young coconut water. This study employed an experimental method to examine the positive control group exposed to HgCl2 and the negative control group receiving a placebo. Meanwhile, the treatment groups received a combination of IR Bagendit rice leaves-infused water in stratified compositions and young coconut water. The hematologic profile was examined using a hematologic analyzer, while the reticulocyte count was examined using wet and dry methods. The mean value of each group was tested using ANOVA. This study has successively obtained average levels of Hb (C+ 12,0;C- 14,2;T1 12,5;T2 12,9;T3 12,8), the erythrocyte count (C+ 6,52;C- 7,80;T1 1,44;T2 1,07;T3 7,32), levels of Ht (C+ 35,5;C- 42,9;T1 37,8;T2 37,9;T3 38,2), MCV (C+ 73,7;C- 79,9;T1 80,4;T2 78,7;T3 79,6), MCH (C+ 27,3;C- 29,9;T1 29,5;T2 28,5;T3 29,1), and MCHC (C+ 31,1;C- 34,2;T1 31,9;T2 33,3;T3 32,1), and the reticulocyte count (C+ 2,0;C- 1,2;T1 1,3;T2 1,1;T3 1,3). The significant differences in the groups are found in levels of Hb, Ht, MCV, and MCHC (p-value 0,00; 0,00; 0,03; 0,01). This study concludes that combining IR Bagendit rice leaves-infused water and coconut water could prevent blood profile exposure to HgCl2. Suggestions for further research to increase the intervention time and measure oxygen levels.

P1012: A NUMBER OF CONGENITAL ERYTHROCYTOSIS ARE MULTIGENIC

Background: Imbalance in erythropoiesis and oxygen homeostasis could lead to the onset of Erythrocytosis, a clinical condition characterized by persistently raised hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Ht) levels. Nowadays, a high number of patients are classified as “Idiopathic Erythrocytosis” (IE) meaning that it is not possible to identify the cause of hematocrit increase. Recently, HFE mutations has been found to be often present in idiopathic erythrocytic patients. The HFE mutations could facilitate the increase in red cell mass, and this indicates the possible involvement of Iron Metabolism in causes of IE. Aims: To identify the possible mutations of IE patients using our gene panel for Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). Methods: In 118 patients with IE, regularly followed in our surgery, we used a gene panel for NGS composed by fifteen genes: JAK2, EGLN1 (PHD2), EPO-R, FTL, FTH, ASXL1, HFE, HFE2, TFR2, HAMP, SLC40A1, SLC11A2, VHL, BPMG, EPAS1 (HIF-2α). We analyzed all the exons parts of these genes. The approach used for the library preparation was a multiplexing PCR and data were analyzed by bioinformatics tools. In all patients, the mutations found were confirmed with Sanger Sequencing. Results: In 78 out of the 118 patients (66%) evaluated, we found one 1 mutated gene in 55 patients (7 EGLN1, 1 VHL, 34 HFE, 6 TFR2, 3 JAK2 and 4 EPO-R), 2 mutated genes in 18 patients (1 EGLN1/JAK2, 4 EGLN1/HFE, 2 EPAS1/HFE, 1 EPAS1/JAK2, 1 EPAS1/EGLN1, 2 EPO-R/HFE, 2 HFE/JAK2, 1 JAK2/TFR2, 2 with TFR2/EGLN1, 1 VHL/HFE, 1 TFR2/HFE) and 3 mutated genes in 5 patients (1 EGLN1/EPO-R/HFE, 1 VHL/HFE/EGLN1, 1 EPAS1/EPO-R/HFE, 1 EPAS1/HFE/EGLN1 and HFE/TFR2/JAK2). All the mutations found were germline. Interestingly, 21 out of the 27 (78%) patients carrying HFE mutation displayed 2 or more mutations. Summary/Conclusion: The use of NGS panels in various clinical conditions has frequently demonstrated that multiple mutations coexist in various patients and that the monogenic diseases are quite rare. This study is the first at our best knowledge that gives evidence of more than one mutated gene in erythrocytotic patients, and this is the results of the use of an appropriate NGS panel. The data here reported suggest that we can confirm that HFE mutations are common in IE patients, in some cases associated with other mutations, but the present data ask some questions: HFE mutations alone can induce erythrocytosis? or other genetic imbalances are needed? The presence of multiple mutations could lead to a greater severity of the disease? A significant number of IE patients displayed TFR2 mutations, giving more relevance to the hypothesis of the iron metabolism implication in IE genesis. Finally, the presence of 11 patients carrying germlines JAK2 mutations is surprising, and we suppose it will be necessary to strictly watch these patients in the suspicion of a future appearance of a polycythemia vera. The present study demonstrates the need to extend the biomolecular knowledge in patients with idiopathic erythrocytosis.

1504-PUB: Whole-Body Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Reflects Levels of Hemoglobin and Hematocrit in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Aims/Introduction: Anemia is one of the common complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) and is associated with an increased risk of death. In recent years, phase angle (PhA) and the ratio of extracellular water to total body water (ECW/TBW) measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) have been commonly used for estimating body composition. Since PhA and ECW/TBW have been reported to be useful as prognostic indicators for various chronic disease, we aimed to clarify the clinical significance of PhA and ECW/TBW in anemia of patients with DM. Materials and Methods: The values of PhA and ECW/TBW were measured by a portable BIA device (Inbody S10, Inbody Japan, Tokyo, Japan) and blood samples were collected in 403 Japanese patients with DM (217 males and 186 females) atAnan Medical Center, Tokushima Japan. The relationships of PhA and ECW/TBW with hematocrit (Ht) and hemoglobin (Hb) were statistically evaluated. Results: The level of PhA was decreased with age, whereas the value of ECW/TBW was increased with age. There was close inverse relationship between PhA and ECW/TBW (R2=0.7540, p&amp;lt; 0.001) . PhA was positively correlated with Hb and Ht levels (p &amp;lt;0.001, p &amp;lt;0.001, respectively) . In contrast, ECW/TBW was negatively correlated with Hb and Ht levels (p &amp;lt;0.001, p &amp;lt;0.001, respectively) . Multivariate regression analysis including confounding factors showed that both PhA and ECW/TBW independently contributed to Hb and Ht levels (p &amp;lt;0.0 and p &amp;lt;0.001, respectively) . Conclusions: PhA and ECW/TBW were associated with levels of Hb and Ht in patients with diabetes. The results suggest that BIA parameters reflect red blood cell lifespan and erythropoiesis. Disclosure T. Hori: None. H. Yamagami: None. S. Yasui: None. M. Hosoki: None. T. Hara: None. K. Kurahashi: None. S. Yoshida: None. M. Abe: None.