Hormone Levels In Patients Research Articles

Evaluation of Thyroid Hormones Levels in Libyan Patients with Chronic Renal Failure Before and AFTER Maintenance Hemodialysis

Data from recent studies revealed that kidney diseases might affect the thyroid function in various ways. A variety of alterations in thyroid hormone levels and metabolism have also been reported in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) in some studied population. In addition, it was reported that serum levels of both T3 and T4 might altered immediately after a hemodialysis (HD) treatment than before. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the level of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) in CRF Libyan patients before and after HD. This study was carried out on 46 CRF patients (30 male and 16 female) with a mean age of 47.46 ±15.75 years. These patients were treated at the hemodialysis unit of Educational Central Zelitin Hospital, Zelitin, Libya. None of these patients apparently have any thyroid problems and no history of drug intake that may affect thyroid function. Blood samples were taken from each patient to measure serum levels of T3 and T4, before and after HD. In addition, the effect of several variables include age, gender, body mass index (BMI), presence of both hypertension and, diabetes mellitus and duration of kidney dialysis on serum levels of T3and T4 before and after HD were also studied. After HD, there was a statistically significant increase in the serum levels of T3, T4. The age, gender, BMI, duration of kidney dialysis and the presence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus did not have any significant effect on the serum level of T3 and T4 before and after HD. However, the serum levels of T3 and T4 were still in the normal range in these examined patients either before or after HD. From these findings, it can be concluded that these CRF patients may be in a euthyroid state, because the serum levels of T3 and T4 were in the normal range. In addition, HD was seem to improve the T3 and T4 thyroid hormone concentrations, suggesting that HD might activate the secretion of thyroid glandand catabolism. The other variables did not play any role in thyroid hormone levels in these patients either before or after HD. It is highly recommended that large scale evaluation of thyroid hormone levels in Libyan CRF patients is performed more patients, especially elderly patients.

Significant Association of Antiepileptic Drug Polytherapy with Decreased FT4 Levels in Epileptic Patients.

Epileptic patients have to continue anti-epileptic drugs (AED) over a long period of time which can have deleterious effects on the endocrine system including the thyroid hormones with rare check. Risk factors for the development of thyroid dysfunction are still unclear. Therefore the aim of study was to evaluate thyroid functions in epileptic patients receiving anti-epileptic drugs (AED) as monotherapy and polytherapy and to determine potential risk of low thyroid function in epileptic patients receiving treatment. This cross-sectional study included 100 epilepsy patients more than 12years of age. Serum levels of free thyroxin (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were evaluated in all subjects in addition to serum AED levels. TSH levels were found to be significantly higher in the polytherapy subgroup (p < 0.05) in comparison to the monotherapy group. 44% of the patients in the VPA monotherapy group had raised TSH levels and 41.2% of the patients on CBZ had low FT4. A significant negative correlation was observed between CBZ and FT4 (p < 0.05). Female sex and old age were additional risk factors detected for deranged thyroid function. Female patients with epilepsy, an older age and AED polytherapy were found to be associated with a higher risk of thyroid dysfunction. Thus, Thyroid function in these patients should be monitored closely. In conclusion, we observed significant changes in thyroid hormone levels in patients receiving antiepileptic treatment in both monotherapy and polytherapy. Elevated CBZ levels were significantly associated with decreased FT4 levels.

Association Between Thyroid Function and Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

PurposeChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was the fourth leading cause of death in the world. Many studies have shown that COPD often exists with thyroid dysfunction; however, the relationship between thyroid function and COPD is often ignored in clinical. We retrospectively analyze the serum thyroid hormone levels in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) and explore the association between thyroid function and AECOPD.MethodsThe study included patients hospitalized for AECOPD in our institution between January 2018 and September 2020. Patients with AECOPD were divided into moderate-to-severe and very severe groups based on lung function, and into normal and abnormal thyroid function groups based on thyroid hormone levels. Collected data and compared data between groups to identify risk factors for thyroid dysfunction in patients with AECOPD.ResultsThe cohort included 97 in the moderate-to-severe group (72.39%) and 37 in the very severe group (27.61%). Compared with the very severe group, the moderate-to-severe group had higher triglyceride (P=0.017), high-density lipoprotein (P<0.05), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2; P<0.05), and serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH; P<0.001). FEV1 as a percentage of the predicted value (FEV1%pred) was positively correlated with TSH and FT3 (r=0.329, r=0.192, respectively, both P<0.05). Duration of hospitalization was negatively correlated with TSH (r=−0.256, P=0.003). Among the 134 subjects, 98 (73.13%) had normal thyroid function and 36 (26.87%) had abnormal thyroid function. The two groups significantly differed regarding forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second, FEV1%pred, and albumin level. Logistic regression analysis showed that high FVC correlated with a low risk of thyroid dysfunction in AECOPD.ConclusionIn patients with AECOPD, TSH is related to lung function and duration of hospitalization, and high FVC reduces the risk of thyroid dysfunction.

RETRACTED: Embedded medical system and traditional Chinese medicine to treat hormone levels in patients with premature ovarian failure

An embedded system is a set of hardware and software that is often designed for a single task. It is a computing device that directly involves various devices or applications for disease analysis, patient management and telemedicine biomedical applications. It is a disease that women are at risk of uterine dysfunction born prematurely. It has complex causes and physical and mental health to treat it hard, bringing great physical and psychological pain. Although some scholars have made achievements in the mechanism of disease TCM treatment, therapy and results, etc., they do not constantly limit the suffering of patients. Affecting factors include disease, pathogenesis and disease progression. In traditional Chinese medicine, these properties are still one of the main problems in the previous system. Premature Ovarian Failure (POF) is a gynecological disease that causes infertility, infertility, and menopause and kidney system to introduce the proposed Deep Learning system analysis. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) is currently the most popular choice for women with ovarian dysfunction who can get rid of menopausal syndrome. However, due to its need for Chinese traditional medicine, Chinese Medicine (CM) is shining new, and doctors can treat ovarian disorder with Mino herbs and comprehensive treatments. It emphasizes acupuncture as individual physical therapy for POF. Although CM's ability to be supported by clinical trials and evidence from a meta-analysis in many preclinical trials, there are still adverse events related to traditional Chinese medicine treatment, the safety of which cannot be guaranteed. Updated information CM is running the cosmic disorder.

Evaluation of Thyroid Hormones Levels in Libyan Patients with Chronic Renal Failure before and after Maintenance Hemodialy

Data from recent studies revealed that kidney diseases might affect the thyroid function in various ways. A variety of alterations in thyroid hormone levels and metabolism have also been reported in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) in some studied population. In addition, it was reported that serum levels of both T3 and T4 might alter immediately after a hemodialysis (HD) treatment than before. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the level of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) in CRF Libyan patients before and after HD. This study was carried out on 46 CRF patients (30 males and 16 females) with a mean age of 47.46 ± 15.75 years. These patients were treated at the hemodialysis unit of Educational Central Zelitin Hospital, Zelitin, Libya. None of these patients apparently have any thyroid problems and no history of drug intake that may affect thyroid function. Blood samples were taken from each patient to measure serum levels of T3 and T4, before and after HD. In addition, the effects of several variables including age, gender, body mass index (BMI), presence of both hypertension and, diabetes mellitus and duration of kidney dialysis on serum levels of T3 and T4 before and after HD were also studied. After HD, there was a statistically significant increase in the serum levels of T3, T4. The age, gender, BMI, duration of kidney dialysis and the presence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus did not have any significant effect on the serum level of T3 and T4 before and after HD. However, the serum levels of T3 and T4 were still in the normal range in these examined patients either before or after HD. From these findings, it can be concluded that these CRF patients may be in a euthyroid state, because the serum levels of T3 and T4 were in the normal range. In addition, HD was seemed to improve the T3 and T4 thyroid hormone concentrations, suggesting that HD might activate the secretion of thyroid gland and catabolism. The other variables did not play any role in thyroid hormone levels in these patients either before or after HD. It is highly recommended that large scale evaluation of thyroid hormone levels in Libyan CRF patients is performed by more patients, especially elderly patients.

Thyroid-stimulating hormone levels in patients with acne vulgaris and their relation with age and treatment

Background: Acne vulgaris is a self-limited disease primarily seen in teenagers and young adults. The permissible factor for the expression of the disease in adolescence is the increase in sebum production by sebaceous glands after puberty. The bacterial activity in the blocked follicular orifice leads to release of free fatty acids from sebum which results in inflammation with in the cyst leading to its rupture. This leads to formation of open comedones, closed comedones, pimples, and possible scarring and sometimes psychological disturbances such as loss of confidence, depression anxiety can also occur. Various systemic drugs are given to treat acne which may lead to alterations in thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was (1) to compare the severity of acne vulgaris with TSH levels according to age and (2) to correlate TSH levels with treatment. Materials and Methods: The study group included 100 female patients of acne vulgaris who came to outpatient department of the department of skin and venereology and dermatology Tertiary Hospital, Ludhiana in a study period of 1 year. Patients were graded on a scale of I-IV according to Pillsbury Classification. Out of these 93 female patients came for follow-up and data of 93 patients were finally included in the study. Only female patients aged 15–40 years with Grades III and IV acne were included in this study. Results: No significant change in TSH levels in acne vulgaris patients after treatment. Conclusions: It can be concluded that alteration in hormone levels can be responsible for the pathogenesis of acne. Systemic therapy can causes alterations in TSH levels.

Assessment of semen parameters and Anti-müllerian hormone level in patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis: a case control study

Background and Objective: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common health problem which is accompanied by considerable morbidity and mortality. Anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) is one of the hormones that are affected by CKD. The objective was to assess semen parameters and AMH level in CKD patients on hemodialysis. Material and methods: This study was a case control study of 20 patients with stage 4 and 5 CKD on hemodialysis, attending Nephrology Outpatient Clinic and Renal Dialysis Unit of Suez Canal University hospital and 20 healthy fertile controls. Full history, clinical examination, kidney function tests and semen analysis were performed. AMH level in serum and seminal plasma was measured using ELISA. Results: The mean AMH level in serum of case group was 3.35 ± 2.43 ng/mL versus 4.13 ± 3.17 ng/mL in the controls respectively (p &gt; 0.05) while mean AMH level in semen of the case group was 2.13 ± 2.64 ng/mL compared to 9.37 ± 3.79 ng/mL in controls respectively (p &lt; 0.05). There was a positive correlation between AMH in seminal plasma and sperm count, total sperm motility, progressive sperm motility and sperm viability, while the AMH level in serum was insignificantly related. Conclusion: Semen parameters in CKD patients on hemodialysis were significantly poorer than normal controls AMH in seminal plasma was significantly decreased in CKD patients (stage 4–5 on hemodialysis) and significantly correlated with the semen parameters.

Non-thyroid disease syndrome: a strong prognostic predictor of death in patients with pneumonia

Introduction: Non-thyroid disease syndrome (NTDS) is a common syndrome in critical diseases and is characterized by below-normal levels of free T3 (fT3) and free T4 (fT4) in the absence of primary thyroid gland pathology. Pneumonias are a group of respiratory system infections that are associated with a high incidence of mortality. Rapid biomarkers are needed to determine the diagnosis and prognosis in patients with pneumonia to optimize treatment potential. This study investigated the effect of changes in thyroid hormone and procalcitonin (PCT) levels on prognosis and mortality in patients with pneumonia. Method: This study was conducted as a retrospective observational study in a tertiary hospital. Between 2019 and 2020, 1118 patients with pneumonia were included in the study. For all participants, PSI scores were calculated and disease severity was determined according to these scores. Patient demographic and disease data were recorded. Discussion and Conclusion: Low fT3 hormone levels in patients diagnosed with pneumonia upon arrival at the emergency department had an important effect on prognosis. Our results indicated that fT3 levels had a reliable predictive effect on prognosis, disease severity, and mortality. In addition, we found that fT3 was superior to PCT in predicting mortality.

Effect of Infection With Scabies on The Adrenaline Hormone Of Patients With Chronic Diseases In Basra City/ Southern Iraq

Scabies, a parasitic skin infestation by the burrowing “itch” mite Sarcoptes scabiei, causes significant health problems for children and adults worldwide. Crusted scabies is a particularly severe form of scabies in which mites multiply into the millions, causing extensive skin crusting. The symptoms and signs of scabies suggest host immunity to the scabies mite. The defense against stress is executed by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic-adrenal medullary system. Adrenal gland is a major effector organ of stress system. During stress, adrenal gland rapidly responds with increased secretion of glucocorticoids (GCs) and catecholamines into circulation, which hormones, in turn, affect metabolism, to provide acutely energy, vasculature to increase blood pressure, and the immune system to prevent it from extensive activation. . The current study examined (80) people, of whom (16) had negative control samples and (64) had scabies and had chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, pressure, lung, liver, kidneys, ulcers, cancer, anemia and epilepsy, the current study recorded the highest levels of adrenaline using the associated immunosorbent assay technique With the enzyme (ELISA), which is (523 pg / ml) for patients suffering from chronic heart disease and infected with the scabies mite parasite and their number (14) out of (64) have other chronic diseases and their percentage was (21.88%) and the current study recorded the lowest levels of the hormone adrenaline. In patients with scabies and suffering from epilepsy at a rate (219 pg / ml) percentage (1.56%), which shows the hormone levels in patients with scabies and suffering from chronic diseases and comparing them with the control samples .

Vitamin D, Calcium, Alkaline Phosphatase, and Parathyroid Hormone in Patients with and without Chronic Periodontitis

Introduction: Periodontal diseases comprise a group of inflammatory diseases caused by bacteria that colonise the tooth surface and infect surrounding soft tissues, ultimately leading to tooth loss. Vitamin D, calcium, alkaline phosphatase, and parathyroid hormone have role in bone metabolism both in health or in disease.&#x0D; Objective: To compare serum Vitamin D, calcium, alkaline phosphatase, and parathyroid hormone levels in patients with generalised chronic periodontitis and healthy periodontium.&#x0D; Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was done in 80 patients visiting Department of Dental Surgery from July to December 2019. Clinical parameters measured were plaque index, gingival index, clinical attachment level, and pocket depth in the healthy periodontium and generalised chronic periodontitis. Blood investigation for serum Vitamin D, calcium, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) level were done. Data was analysed in SPSS v.16.&#x0D; Results: Out of total 80 patients enrolled (mean age of 36.20±7.37 years), 40 (50%) patients had healthy periodontium and 40 (50%) had generalised chronic periodontitis. Mean levels of serum Vitamin D (P=0.006) and calcium (P=0.020) were significantly higher in chronic periodontitis patient compared to healthy controls while no significant intergroup differences were seen with respect to ALP (P=0.267) and PTH (P=0.351).&#x0D; Conclusion: No significant differences were found in the levels of ALP and PTH between generalised chronic periodontitis and healthy patients and higher levels of Vitamin D and calcium were seen in generalised chronic periodontitis patients as compared to healthy patients.

Level of sex hormones and their association with acetylsalicylic acid intolerance and nasal polyposis.

BackgroundChronic rhinosinusitis may be associated with nasal polyposis. Recurrence of disease is often observed and may be due to an intolerance of acetylsalicylic acid. Sex hormones are known to modulate allergic reactions and inflammation. Whether they may be involved in the development and progression of nasal polyposis has not been investigated yet.AimExamine the relationship between levels of sex hormones and nasal polyposis.MethodsHormonal levels (estradiol, testosterone and progesterone) in patients with nasal polyposis (n = 26) with or without acetylsalicylic acid-intolerance were determined and compared to hormonal levels in patients with septal deviation (n = 35). Cone-beam computed tomography scans were analysed by using scores as defined by Lund and Mackay and by Kennedy.ResultsOur results show a 5 times greater odds (p = 0.01) for developing nasal polyposis in the presence of lowered estradiol plasma levels than in the presence of normal / elevated levels. When analyzing females and males separately, a 6 times greater odds for females to develop nasal polyposis in the presence of lowered estradiol plasma levels was calculated (p = 0.02). Thus, females are more likely to develop nasal polyposis when they have lowered estradiol levels than males. In addition, female patients showed an increased risk for developing ASA intolerance (p = 0.01).ConclusionVariation of sex hormones may be involved in nasal polyposis. Further studies including more patients to validate the presented results are required.SignificanceRetrospective clinical investigation suggesting a correlation between varying sex hormones and nasal polyposis.

Abstract 17449: Predictive Value of Growth Hormone Levels in Cardiogenic Shock Patients

Introduction: Despite improved supportive care, cardiogenic shock still has a significantly high mortality. Among many factors, multiple changes in the neuroendocrine system, are responsible for the high morbidity and mortality. Reduced circulating level of insuline-like growth factor and an elevated level of growth hormone are the reported characteristic findings early in the course of sepsis and. The role of insuline-like growth factor and growth hormone levels in patients with cardiogenic shock has not been described. Methods: The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes of growth hormone/ insuline-like growth factor 1 axis in patients with cardiogenic shock. Results: When admitted, the average GH value of the patient collective was 2.86 μg / l ± 0.78. The values of the majority of the patients (31/41 = 75.6%) were within the normal range. There we no differences among survivors and non-survivors over the 96h observational period. We did not observe differences between either elder and younger patients or female and male CS patients. On admission IGF-1 levels were 76.23 ± 5.67 μg/l (normal range 70– 270 μg/l) at the lower end of the normal range. Over the next 48-72 hours, the value dropped to 66.8 μg/l. However, the drop was not significant (p = 0.14). Non-survivors showed a more rapid decline compared to survivors which stayed within the normal range.Considering the subgroup analysis, it emerges that the average IGF-1 value of male patients remains above 70 μg/l and thus within the normal range, while the IGF-1 level of the female patients during the course which was up to 55.3 μg/l decreases in the course. Clearly female CS patients showed a steeper decline compared to the male patients. Further younger CS patients showed higher levels compared to patients above 70 years. Conclusion: There were no significant changes of growth hormone levels over time and we observed a decrease of insuline-like growth factor 1 in cardiogenic shock patients. In addition, in non-survivors we detected even lower levels of growth hormone and lower levels of insuline-like growth factor 1. We think that both growth hormone and insuline-like growth factor 1 may have l prognostic value to serve as a marker in cardiogenic shock.

Serum Lipid Profile and Steroid Hormone Levels in Patients With Colorectal Cancer

Background: Lipids are usually crucial to develop tumors, and dyslipidemia is correlated with the high chance of colon and colorectal cancer (CRC). Steroid hormones such as estrogen and progesterone can decrease the risk of CRC development. Objectives: The present study aimed to compare the serum levels of lipid profile and steroid hormones in patients with CRC and healthy controls. Methods: The present study included 40 consecutive adult patients with CRC in the Mazandaran Cancer Center, Sari, Iran, between 2017 and 2020. The diagnosis of CRC was evaluated based on colonoscopy with biopsy and CT scan. Also, the diagnosis of CRC was based on NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology. Blood samples were taken before treatment during routine testing. A 5 mL of peripheral blood was collected from each patient. All patients signed the written consent for the study. Also, a total of 40 healthy subjects were selected as healthy controls from the same area during a routine physical examination, which was also confirmed by screening colonoscopy and pathology. Serum total cholesterol (TCH) and triglyceride (TG) levels were quantitatively determined by the colorimetric method. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were determined by the turbidimetric immunoassay. Steroid hormones were quantitatively determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) according to the reagent manufacturer’s instruction. To analyze data, the SPSS software package (version 21) was applied. Results: Among all the indicators studied, the mean ± SD of testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels was higher (1.85 ± 1.63 ng/mL, 15.35±0.13 mIU/L, 12.42±0.12.16 mIU/mL) in patients with CRC than healthy controls (0.40±.0.21 ng/mL, 6.27±0.50 mIU/mL, 2.89±0.20 mIU/mL, P&lt;0.05 respectively). The results in subgroups showed that the mean testosterone (0.91±1.2 ng/L), FSH (19.11±16 mIU/mL) , LH (14.49±14 mIU/mL) levels in the female patients with CRC was higher than healthy female controls and had more statistical significance(P=0.02, 0.00, 0.00), respectively. The area under the AUC cure of the testosterone, FSH, and LH indicates positive test (0.670, 0.726 and 0.775). Conclusion: Changes in the levels of steroid hormones and lipids could correlate with the elevated chance of CRC. Therefore, assessment of multiple markers might overcome and provide better judgment in patients with CRC.

Thyroid hormone concentrations in severely or critically ill patients with COVID-19.

ObjectiveCOVID-19 is a new coronavirus infectious disease. We aimed to study the characteristics of thyroid hormone levels in patients with COVID-19 and to explore whether thyroid hormone predicts all-cause mortality of severely or critically ill patients.MethodsThe clinical data of 100 patients with COVID-19, who were admitted to Wuhan Tongji Hospital from February 8 to March 8, 2020, were analyzed in this retrospective study. The patients were followed up for 6–41 days. Patients were grouped into non-severe illness and severe or critical illness, which included survivors and non-survivors. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all-cause mortality in association with continuous and the lower two quartiles of thyroid hormone concentrations in severely or critically ill patients.ResultsThe means of free T3 (FT3) were 4.40, 3.73 and 2.76 pmol/L in non-severely ill patients, survivors and non-survivors, respectively. The lower (versus upper) two quartiles of FT3 was associated with all-cause mortality HR (95% CI) of 9.23 (2.01, 42.28). The HR (95% CI) for all-cause mortality in association with continuous FT3 concentration was 0.41 (0.21, 0.81). In the multivariate-adjusted models, free T4 (FT4), TSH and FT3/FT4 were not significantly related to all-cause mortality. Patients with FT3 less than 3.10 pmol/L had increased all-cause mortality.ConclusionFT3 concentration was significantly lower in patients with severe COVID-19 than in non-severely ill patients. Reduced FT3 independently predicted all-cause mortality of patients with severe COVID-19.

Insulin resistance and pancreatic β cell dysfunction are associated with thyroid hormone functions: A cross-sectional hospital-based study in Turkey

Background and aimsThe prevalence of thyroid disease in diabetic patients is significantly higher than the general population. This indicates a possible interaction between thyroid functions and insulin sensitivity. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between insulin resistance (IR), pancreatic β cell function, and thyroid function tests. MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted with adults who applied to Eskişehir Osmangazi University Hospital for general control. Fasting insulin, glucose, TSH, fT3, and fT4 levels in the serum of 1340 adult (18–60 aged) patients without any chronic diseases were examined retrospectively. The fT3/fT4 ratio, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), and HOMA-β values were calculated. The correlation between HOMA-IR and HOMA-β values with thyroid function tests and differences between hormone levels of patients with and without IR were evaluated. ResultsThere was a positive correlation between HOMA-IR and TSH, negative with fT4. Also, a positive correlation between HOMA-β and fT3, negative correlation with fT4 were observed. In the IR group, fT3 levels were found significantly higher and fT4 levels were significantly lower. TSH levels were higher in the IR group but not statistically significant. The fT3/fT4 ratio was found significantly higher in the IR group and was correlated positively with both HOMA-IR and HOMA-β. ConclusionOur results revealed that thyroid dysfunction prevalence is quite high in adults who have not yet been diagnosed with diabetes but have insulin resistance and the onset of pancreatic β cell dysfunction.

Impact of Prostate Specific Antigen and Testosterone Hormone Levels in Patients of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Khartoum State-Sudan

Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) are progressive ailments resulting from androgenic imbalances and aging that can lead to serious long term complications. Objective of this study was to determine the relationship between prostate-specific antigens and testosterone hormone levels in patients with BPH before transurethral surgery. This case control study was done on 112 serum samples collected from two secondary care centres in Khartoum, Sudan. Collected serum samples were analyzed by ELISA and fluorescence enzymes immunoassay to measure testosterone, total PSA level and free PSA levels, respectively. Out of 112 patients, 56 BPH diagnosed patients were included in the study with mean age 67.10±7.90 years. Total PSA (T. PSA) levels were higher in patients (14.1±10.6 ng mL-1) than the control group (2.21±1.01 ng mL-1). Total 52% of patients had total PSA level in the gray zone (4-10 ng mL-1) and 33% had total PSA more than 10 ng mL-1. Testosterone levels were low in patients 3.97±2.84 ng mL-1 when compared to the control group 4.95±0.59 ng mL-1. The present study revealed that, there was a strong association between T. PSA level and testosterone hormone in BPH patients, which suggested that monitoring of testosterone level is useful in patients with prostate enlargement.

Effect of Ramadan Fasting on Thyroid Hormone Levels in Patients on Levothyroxine Treatment.

To evaluate the changes in thyroid functions in Ramadan, and compare late evening and pre-seheri use of levothyroxine in patients with hypothyroidism. Cross-sectional study. Department of Endocrinology, Ankara Ataturk Education and Research Hospital and Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Turkey, from May to June 2018. Patients who were on levothyroxine treatment and having normal thyroid functions were recruited for the study in the last one week before Ramadan. Patients were offered to take levothyroxine at 22.30-23.00 pm before sleep or between 01:30-03:00 am at least 30 min pre-seheri. There were 53 (85.5%) female and 9 (14.5%) male patients. Basal thyrotrophin (TSH) was 2.02 μIU/mL (0.27-4.14) and insignificantly increased at the end of Ramadan [2.18 μIU/mL (0.04-19.69), p=0.167]. Free-triiodothyronine (fT3) decreased while free-thyroxine (fT4) increased (p<0.001 for both). Eighteen patients preferred to take levothyroxine in late evening and 44 preferred to take at pre-seheri. There were insignificant increases in TSH in both groups (p=0.401 and p=0.276, respectively). At the end of Ramadan, TSH increased in 39 (63.9%), decreased in 22 (36.1%), and did not change in one patient. Increase in TSH was not significant after Ramadan. While there was an insignificant increase in median TSH, about one-third of patients had lower TSH, indicating for the need to evaluate every patient individually and follow closely during Ramadan. Clinical studies with larger sample sizes will be helpful to determine the optimal time for levothyroxine use during Ramadan. Key Words: Thyroid functions, Ramadan fasting, Hypothyroidism, Levotyhroxine.

Assessment of morphological and functional parameters of myocardium in patients with coronary artery disease and overt primary hypothyroidism

Aim. To evaluate the morphological and functional parameters of the myocardium in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and concurrent overt primary hypothyroidism, as well as to identify possible relationships between these parameters and levels of thyroid hormones.Methods. 344 patients with CAD who had verified classes 1-3 stable angina pectoris using the clinical guidelines were recruited in a study [6]. 100 patients with CAD and concurrent primary hypothyroidism were enrolled in the study group. 244 patients with CAD were enrolled in the comparison group. Severity of stenosis in one- and/ or two- and/or three-vessel disease were measured in all patients. A comparative assessment of biochemical parameters and echocardiography was performed. A single-stage cross-sectional comparative analysis of the studied parameters was performed. The presence of any relationships of thyroid hormones with morphological and functional parameters of the myocardium were determined. The correlation analysis reported the relationships between diastolic dysfunction, left ventricular ejection fraction and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels in patients with CAD and concurrent hypothyroidism.Results. Statistically significant differences in lipid profile, glucose levels, glycated hemoglobin, and glomerular filtration rate were found. Three-vessel disease prevailed in both groups, but the prevalence of three-vessel disease was higher in the study group (CAD and hypothyroidism) than in the comparison group (p&lt;0.01). Echocardiography assessment reported the differences in the levels of E/a (p = 0.02), E/E` (p = 0.001), and LVEF (p = 0.001) between the study groups.Conclusion. Patients with coronary artery disease and concurrent overt primary hypothyroidism demonstrated worse dyslipidemia parameters, glycemic indicators and impaired glomerular filtration rate. Three-vessel disease prevailed among patients enrolled in the study. The relationship between TSH and myocardial morphological and functional parameters was determined. Obtained data can be used for assessing the prognosis in this group of patients.

Effect of electroacupuncture combined with Yuyin pill on sex hormone and Th2 cytokines in patients of decreased ovarian reserve function with liver-kidney yin deficiency

To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) combined with Yuyin pill on clinical symptoms, levels of serum sex hormone and Th2 cytokines in patients of decreased ovarian reserve function (DOR) with liver-kidney yin deficiency, and to compare the efficacy between EA combined with Yuyin pill and Yuyin pill alone. Sixty patients with DOR were randomly divided into an observation group (30 cases, 2 cases dropped off) and a control group (30 cases, 1 case dropped off). The patients in the control group were treated with Yuyin pill, 1 pill each time, 3 times a day. Based on the treatment of the control group, the patients in the observation group were additionally treated with acupuncture at Guanyuan (CV 4), Zhongji (CV 3), Guilai (ST 29), Zigong (EX-CA 1), Zusanli (ST 36), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Taixi (KI 3) and Taichong (LR 3); EA was applied at bilateral Zusanli (ST 36) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6), with continuous wave, in frequency of 20 Hz and current intensity of 1 to 4 mA, for 20 min. The treatment was given 3 times a week. All the patients terminated treatment during menstrual period, and the treatment was given for 3 continuous menstrual cycles. The menstrual condition score and systemic symptom score were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. The levels of serum sex hormones on 2nd to 3rd day of menstruation, including follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol (E2), and the serums levels of interleukin (IL) -4 and IL-10 secreted by Th2 cytokines were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. After the treatment, the menstruation condition scores and systemic symptom scores in the two groups were reduced (P<0.05), and the scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). After the treatment, the levels of serum FSH, LH and FSH/LH were reduced (P<0.05), and the E2 levels were increased in the two groups (P<0.05), and the levels of FSH, LH in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05), and the E2 level was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). After the treatment, the levels of serum IL-4 and IL-10 in the two groups were increased (P<0.05), and the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). EA combined with Yuyin pill could significantly improve menstruation, systemic symptoms and serum sex hormone levels in patients of decreased ovarian reserve function with liver-kidney yin deficiency, which may restore ovarian function by up-regulating the expression of Th2 cytokines.

Nesfatin-1 Hormone Levels in Patients with Antisocial Personality Disorder and Their Relationship with Clinical Variables.

Objective This study aims to investigate the levels of nesfatin-1-hormone in patients with Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) and their relationship with clinical variables. Methods A total of 90 people (45 ASPD, 45 controls) were included in our study. Sociodemographic Data Form, Beck-Depression-Inventory (BDI), Beck-Anxiety-Inventory (BAI), Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11), Buss-Durkee-Hostility-Inventory (BDHI) were applied to all participants. Venous blood samples were taken from participants at the same time of the day when they were hungry. Results It was found that the BDI and BAI scores of the ASPD were higher than those of the controls (p<0.001, for both scales). The scores in BIS-11; motor and nonplanning-impulsivity subscales were higher than those of the controls (p<0.001, 0.036, respectively). The scores obtained by the ASPD were higher in all subscales of BDHI (p<0.001). For the nesfatin-1-hormone, the values of the ASPD were lower than those of the controls (p=0.044). No relationship was found between the nesfatin-1-hormone and any other laboratory parameters and applied scales (p>0.05). Conclusion This is the first study to examine the nesfatin-1-hormone levels in patients with any personality disorder. Further studies with more participants are needed in different types of personality disorders to understand the relationship between personality disorder and nesfatin-1-hormone levels.