Levels Of Heavy Metals Pb Research Articles

Analysis of Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) heavy metals in cow’s milk in Central Java, Indonesia

The need for animal food is increasing because of its nutritional content. Foodstuffs needed to meet daily needs must be healthy and free from harmful substances, including heavy metals. Fresh cow’s milk is an animal-based food that is consumed by many people because it is very easy to find at an affordable price. This study aimed to determine the levels of heavy metals Pb (Lead) and Cd (Cadmium) contained in fresh cow’s milk and to find recommendations if they exceed a predetermined threshold. The method used is laboratory analysis of heavy metal content in fresh cow’s milk from a cattle farm in Boyolali Central Java. Analysis of Pb and Cd content was carried out by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Data analysis was carried out by comparing the content of heavy metals in fresh cow’s milk with SNI 3141.1: 2011 concerning quality requirements for fresh cow’s milk and SNI 7387: 2009 concerning the maximum limit of heavy metal contamination in food. Laboratory test results on fresh cow’s milk had a heavy metal Pb content of 96.67 mg/kg and a heavy metal Cd content of 4.45 mg/kg. It is known that the maximum limit for heavy metal contamination in food is 0.02 mg/kg. It can be concluded that the heavy metal content in fresh cow’s milk has exceeded the existing quality standard threshold. Previous research revealed that the metal lead content in cow’s milk that has been processed is lower than in cow’s milk that has not been processed.

THE PRESENCE OF PLUMBUM (Pb) AND CADMIUM (Cd) HEAVY METALS OF BROILER CHICKEN

The level of meat production from purebred chickens in East Java Province from 2009 to 2019 reached 510,535.29 tons. The existence of heavy metal contamination in chickens are dangerous for human health due to the lack of good facilities and infrastructure on broiler farms including land and locations that must be environmentally friendly, and when rearing chickens in paying attention to the needs of water and feed for broiler chickens that are not polluted by heavy metals. The objective of this study was to describe the levels of heavy metals in chicken meat at X Chicken Farm in Kertosari Village, Pakusari District, Jember Regency. This research was a type of descriptive research. The subjects of this study were 20 samples of broiler chicken, well water, and 4 respondents. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. Data analysis used descriptive to describe the use of chicken feed, sources of drinking water, and the presence of heavy metal levels of Pb and Cd in chicken. The result indicate that as many as 20 samples of chicken meat contained levels of heavy metals Pb and Cd below the quality standard values according to Indonesian Nasional Standard (SNI) 7387:2009), namely (pb 0.3/kg) and (Cd <0.0200) while for water drinking water used comes from drilled wells containing Pb 0.001 mg/l and Cd 0.001 mg/l..

Analysis of Heavy Metals in Shellfish in Tanjung Balai Waters

Abstract: Shellfish is a source of toxic heavy metals and the maximum levels of heavy metals allowed in shellfish by BPOM RI are Lead 1.5 mg/kg, Cadmium 1 mg/kg and Copper 20 mg/kg. Heavy metal content in shellfish is influenced by environmental pollution in which the shellfish live. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of heavy metals in three types of shellfish in Tanjung Balai Asahan waters. Shellfish samples were taken from 3 different locations in Tanjung Balai in July 2021. Determination of the levels of heavy metals Pb, Cd and Cu in green mussels, mussels and blood clams was carried out using the AAS method with atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results showed the levels of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) in Green mussels in Tanjung Balai, namely: Pb of 0.273 mg/kg – 0.406 mg/kg, Cd of 0.089 mg/kg – 0.106 mg/kg mg /kg, Cu is 1,864 mg/kg – 2,011 mg/kg. In oyster shells Pb was 0.051 – 0.095 mg/kg, Cd was 0.077 – 0.091 mg/kg, and Cu was 1.024 mg/kg – 1.064 mg/kg. It was concluded that green mussels had the highest heavy metal content. The levels of heavy metals in the analyzed shellfish samples were still below the maximum levels permitted by BPOM RI.
 Keywords: Lead, Cadmium, Copper,Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, Shells

The Heavy Metal Characteristics (Pb and Cu) in Wideng Crab Tissue from the Gonjol River, Demak

Objective and Background: The Gonjol river serves as a lifeline for the communities surrounding Demak's brackish water ponds. Currently, factory waste is poisoning rivers. The purpose of this research was to investigate the levels of heavy metals Pb and Cu in Wideng crab tissue, water, and sediment in the Gonjol river's upper course and estuary.
 Methods: This study was place from January to March 2020. Heavy metal concentration was determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The linear regression method was used to analyze the data. 
 Results: Except for Cu in upstream and estuary sediments, the concentration of Pb and Cu in the waters, sediments, and Wideng crab tissue remained below the acceptable limits. Heavy metals Pb and Cu in both sediment and tissue did not reveal a significant association in the upstream and estuary, although there was a correlation between water and tissue. There is no association between silt and water in the upstream and estuary. The river's quality is based on the Decree of the Minister of the Environment of the Republic of Indonesia No.115 of 2003, which places it in category C, which means it has moderate levels of Pb and Cu pollution. While tissue and sediment levels are below the tolerance limit. 
 Conclusion: The state of the Gonjol River is a source of concern, particularly the circumstances of Cu and Pb, which allow bioaccumulation in the future, posing a threat to the ecosystem and the communities surrounding it.

Analisis kadar logam Pb, Cd, Cu, As pada air, sedimen dan bivalvia di Pesisir Teluk Balikpapan

Analysis of Heavy Metal Content of Pb, Cd, Cu, As in Water, Sediments and Bivalves in Coastal Waters of Balikpapan Bay. The study aims to analyze the levels of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, As) in water, sediment and Bivalvia and to determine the adsorption, bioconcentration factors in sediments and Bivalvia. This research is in the form of field survey and laboratory analysis, where the results are quantitative descriptive and analyzed statistically multivariate.The results of laboratory analysis showed that the levels of heavy metals in water ranged between (Pb 0.064-0.142 mg/L), (Cd 0.088-0.112 mg/L), (Cu 0.035-0.056 mg/L) and (As 0.022-0.026 mg/L). Sediment (Pb 2,555-2,616 mg/Kg), (Cd 2,433-2,609 mg/Kg), (Cu 1,289-1,553 mg/Kg), (As 0,329-0,496 mg/Kg) and Bivalvia (Pb 1,708-2,076 mg/Kg) ), (Cd 1.569-2.416 mg/Kg), (Cu 1.078-1.264 mg/Kg) and (As 0.297-0.449 mg/Kg). Heavy metal content of Pb, Cd, Cu and As in the sediment is greater than water or Bivalvia. The results of the statistical analysis partially showed that the levels of heavy metals Pb, Cd, Cu and As differed significantly between all study samples (water, sediment and Bivalvia). Whereas the observation stations (Kariangau industrial area, the village on the water and the PT. Pertamina area) did not differ significantly. The results of the analysis of adsorption and bioconcentration factors on the levels of heavy metals Pb, Cd, Cu and As in sediments (Pb 17.99-42.25), (Cd 22.75-28.67), (Cu 26.49-36.83 ) and (As 13.71-19.08). In Bivalvia (Pb 14.15-32.44), (Cd 14.00-26.55), (Cu 21.14-34.43) and As (13.50-29.88).

Metallothionein expression on oysters ( Crassostrea cuculata and Crassostrea glomerata) from the southern coastal region of East Java.

Background: This study aimed to analyse levels of heavy metals (Pb, Hg and Cd) in the aquatic body, gills and stomach of the oysters Crassostrea cuculata and Crassostrea glomerata, the metallothionein (MT) level in the gills and stomach of both oysters, and relationships between heavy metals level (Pb, Hg and Cd) in the gills and stomach to MT level in both species of oysters. Methods: The research method utilized was a descriptive method. The oyster samples were taken from three stations: Sendang Biru, Popoh and Prigi beaches. MT values were assessed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The heavy metal levels were assessed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry method. Results: Both oyster heavy metal content obtained in the southern coastal waters exceeded the safe limit set by the State Minister of Environment No. 51 of 2004. In general, the expression of MT was found to be higher in stomach tissue compared to gill tissue. Conclusions: The levels of the heavy metals Pb, Hg, and has a strong relationship with MT levels in the gills and stomach in both types of oysters.

Metallothionein expression on oysters ( Crassostrea cuculata and Crassostrea glomerata) from the southern coastal region of East Java

Background: This study aimed to analyse levels of heavy metals (Pb, Hg and Cd) in the aquatic body, gills and stomach of the oysters Crassostrea cuculata and Crassostrea glomerata, the metallothionein (MT) level in the gills and stomach of both oysters, and relationships between heavy metals level (Pb, Hg and Cd) in the gills and stomach to MT level in both species of oysters. Methods: The research method utilized was a descriptive method. The oyster samples were taken from three stations: Sendang Biru, Popoh and Prigi beaches. MT values were assessed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The heavy metal levels were assessed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry method. Results: Both oyster heavy metal content obtained in the southern coastal waters exceeded the safe limit set by the State Minister of Environment No. 51 of 2004. In general, the expression of MT was found to be higher in stomach tissue compared to gill tissue. Conclusions: The levels of the heavy metals Pb, Hg, and has a strong relationship with MT levels in the gills and stomach in both types of oysters.

Metallothionein expression on oysters (Crassostrea cuculata and Crassostrea glomerata) from the southern coastal region of East Java

Background: This study aimed to analyse levels of heavy metals (Pb, Hg and Cd) in the aquatic body, gills and stomach of the oysters Crassostrea cuculata and Crassostrea glomerata, the metallothionein (MT) level in the gills and stomach of both oysters, and relationships between heavy metals level (Pb, Hg and Cd) in the gills and stomach to MT level in both types of oysters. Methods: The research method utilized was a descriptive method. The oyster samples were taken from three stations: Sendang Biru, Popoh and Prigi beaches. MT values were assessed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The heavy metal levels were assessed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry method. Results: Both oyster heavy metal content obtained in the southern coastal waters exceeded the safe limit set by the State Minister of Environment No. 51 of 2004. In general, the expression of MT was found to be higher in gastric tissue compared to gill tissue. Conclusions: The relationship between levels of the heavy metals Pb, Hg, and Cd in oyster gills and stomach has a strong relationship with MT levels in the gills and stomach in both types of oysters.

Pb Distribution in Groundwater and Its Impact to the Health of Indonesia’s Capital Citizen

This study aims to measure the Pb distribution in Jakarta Capital Region’s groundwater and its recommendation based on the standards of The Health Minister Decree No. 492 / MENKES / PES / IV / 2010 about The Drinking Water Monitoring. The study also aims to analyze the impact of Pb intoxication in the human body. The study activity uses the field data that carried out by Geological Agency, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Indonesia from March to April 2015. The methods used in this study are direct observation and hydrogeological measurement to measure physics and chemistry parameters. The result showed that the Levels of heavy metals Pb (Lead) in the west – southwest of Jakarta Groundwater basin (Ciputat, Pamulang, Ciledug, Kebayoran, Pondok Cina, Pondok Jagung, and Serpong) are beyond the quality standards that has been suggested by the ministry of health. The government set the standard in 0.1 mg/L while these areas have the Pb content of up to 0.654 mg/L. In addition, Pb anomalies also occur in Muara Angke, Kamal Muara, and Kapuk Region of North Jakarta which has a very High level of Pb which is about 1.09 mg / Liter. Pb intoxication in humans can affect the reproductive system, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and have bad effects to the nervous system of infants and children.

PENURUNAN KADAR Pb DALAM KERANG HIJAU (Mytilus virids) DENGAN FILTRAT TOMAT (Solanum lycopersicum) Tahun 2016

Green mussels on the Kenjeran beach contains 1.833 mg / kg heavy metals Pb. Excessively accumulated heavy metals in the body can lead to death or illness in a short time. This study aims atdetermining the difference levels of Pb decreased in green mussel (Mytilusvirids) with a different concentration of the filtrate tomatoes.This study is an experimental research using one group pretest posttest design.The dependent variable in this study is the heavy metals Pb concentration in green mussel. The independent variable is the filtrate tomatoes concentration (25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) with 60 minutes soaking time. To determine the decrease levels effect of heavy metals Pb concentration, researcheruses One Way Anova test becausethe data has normal distribution.The results shows that the average content of Pbbefore treatment (control) is 0.20 mg / Kg. Afterthe treatment, the highest decrease of Pb is at 75% concentration that is 0.12 mg / kg with a percentage decrease of 60%.It can be concluded that there is an influence of filtrate tomatoes concentration to decreased levels of heavy metals Pb in green mussel. It is suggested to people to soak the mussels before consumption by using tomatoes filtrate because it can reduce the level of heavy metals Pb contained in crestacea, especially green mussel. Keywords : green mussels, heavy metals Pb, tomato filtrate

KANDUNGAN LOGAM BERAT Pb DAN Cd PADA SEDIMEN DAN KERANG DI PERAIRAN BATAM

The determination of metal content of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) on sediments and shellfish samples from coastal waters’s of Batam. Samples was collected from 6 location grably. Sediments and shellfish samples obtained dried in an oven at a temperature of 80-105oC. The samples were dried crushed and made wet digestion with nitric acid. Pb and Cd levels were determined using spectrophotometry method at 228.72 nm resonance line Cd and Pb to 283.30 nm. The results showed that the levels of heavy metals Pb and Cd in sediments and shellfish samples varied. The highest levels of Pb and Cd found in sediments from Buluh Island, respectively 20.12 mg / kg for Pb and 0,24mg / kg for cadmium. Based on the value SQG, concentrations of Pb and Cd metal in sediments is still at the standards for sediments that have not been contaminated. Pb levels in the shells found at all sampling locations exceeded the specified threshold BPOM RI, whereas Cd metal levels are still below the threshold set BPOM RI, except in shellfish samples from Buluh Island.

Heavy Metal In Food Ingredients In Oil Refi nery Industrial Area, Dumai

Background: Industrial waste generally contains a lot of heavy metals such as Plumbum (Pb), Arsenic (As), Cadmium(Cd) and Mercury (Hg), which can contaminate the surrounding environment and cause health problems. Bioaccumulation ofheavy metals from the environment can occur in foodstuffs. The study aims to determine levels of heavy metals Pb, Cd, Asand Hg in foodstuffs in the oil refi nery industry. Methods: The analytical method used Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer(AAS). Samples were taken from two locations, namely: the exposed area and non exposed area. The sample consisted ofcassava, papaya leaves, fern leaves, cassava leaves, guava, papaya and catfi sh. Results: The analysis showed levels ofmetals As in all samples at exposed locations is below the maximum limit of SNI, the location is not exposed only in catfi shlevels of As (2.042 mg/kg) exceeds the SNI. Cd levels of both locations are not detected. Pb levels in catfi sh in exposedlocations (1,109 mg/kg) exceeds the SNI. Hg levels in leaves of papaya, cassava leaves, fern leaves, cassava and fruitpapaya exceed SNI. Conclusion: There has been a heavy metal contamination in foodstuffs. Recommendation: Thelocal people are advised to be careful when consuming food stuffs from oil refi nery industrial area.