Levels Of Hallucinations Research Articles

Penerapan Terapi Aktivitas Menggambar terhadap Perubahan pada Pasien Halusinasi terhadap Tingkat Halusinasi di Rumah Sakit Jiwa Daerah (RSJD) Dr. Arif Zainuddin Surakarta

A healthy mental condition is a condition where a human or individual physically, mentally, spiritually, and socially so that he can realize his own abilities, can overcome a pressure, is able to work productively, and is able to contribute to his community.Hallucinations are one of the mental disorders where a person is unable to distinguish between real life and fake life.The impact caused by hallucinatory patients is the loss of self-control, to minimize the impact that arises, one of which is given drawing group activity therapy.Group drawing activity therapy is carried out on hallucinatory patients in order to release emotions, express themselves, reduce stress, media to build communication and increase activity in patients with the aim of restoring mental function. to find out the application of sensory stimulation group activity therapy drawing to changes in the level of hallucinations in RSJD dr. Arif Zainuddin Surakarta. This research design uses a case study method with a nursing process approach that focuses on optimizing nursing interventions in patients with auditory hallucinations. From the results of the application obtained, both respondents experienced a development that was initially classified as a heavy and very heavy hallucination, into a light hallucination. The condition of the two respondents showed a decrease in the level of hallucinations.

Associations of Cognitive Expectancies With Auditory Hallucinations and Hallucinatory-Like Experiences in Patients With Schizophrenia.

Various neurocognitive models explore perceptual distortions and hallucinations in schizophrenia and the general population. A variant of predictive coding account suggests that strong priors, like cognitive expectancy, may influence perception. This study examines if stronger cognitive expectancies result in more auditory false percepts in clinical and healthy control groups, investigates group differences, and explores the association between false percepts and hallucinations. Patients diagnosed with schizophrenia with current auditory hallucinations (n = 51) and without hallucinations (n = 66) and healthy controls (n = 51) underwent the False Perception Task under various expectancy conditions. All groups were examined for the presence and severity of hallucinations or hallucinatory-like experiences. We observed a main effect of condition across all groups, ie, the stronger the cognitive expectancy, the greater the ratio of auditory false percepts. However, there was no group effect for the ratio of auditory false percepts. Despite modest pairwise correlations in the hallucinating group, the ratio of auditory false percepts was not predicted by levels of hallucinations and hallucinatory-like experiences in a linear mixed model. The current study demonstrates that strong priors in the form of cognitive expectancies affect perception and play a role in perceptual disturbances. There is also a tentative possibility that overreliance on strong priors may be associated with hallucinations in currently hallucinating subjects. Possible, avoidable confounding factors are discussed in detail.

Influence of Dhikr Therapy on Reducing Signs and Symptoms of Halucinations in Hallucination Patients in Regional Psychiatric Hospital Dr. Arif Zainudin Surakarta

The increasing prevalence of schizophrenic patients is as much as 7% of the Indonesian population and around 70% of schizophrenic patients experience hallucinations. hallucinations are false perceptions, clients with hallucinations often feel a state that can only be felt by them but cannot be felt by other people. in minimizing the impact caused by hallucinations, proper treatment is needed, one of which is dhikr therapy, where dhikr therapy can relieve anxiety, anxiety and calm the heart. This research aim to dhikr therapy for reducing signs and symptoms in halucinations patient. The research design used in this research is a descriptive research design in the form of a case study by providing AHRS observation sheets. The level of hallucinations before the dhikr therapy was carried out, the patient was in the category of signs and symptoms of severe hallucinations. after dhikr therapy the patient experienced mild hallucinations. there are differences in the development of signs and symptoms of hallucinations before and after the application of dhikr therapy. There is a comparison of development between patients who experience signs and symptoms of hallucinations before and after being given dhikr therapy.

Aplikasi Terapi Bercakap - Cakap Pada Tn. N dengan Gangguan Persepsi Sensori: Halusinasi Pendengaran di Jampang Kulon

Problemsof mental health nursing that may arise in response to mental disorders experienced by an individual include the risk of violent behavior, self-care deficits, social isolation and impaired sensory perception: hallucinations. The hallucinations themselves consist of auditory hallucinations, visual hallucinations, tactile hallucinations, tasting hallucinations, and olfactory hallucinations. Auditory hallucination is a stimulus or stimulus disorder in which the client hears voices that do not exist, especially human voices, usually the client hears the voices of people according to what the client thinks which then orders the client to do something that can sometimes harm oneself, others, and the environment. In the assessment stage, data were obtained showing the client experiencing sensory perception disorders: auditory hallucinations, which were obtained from the precipitation factor. The client often heard voices without any form when the client was alone. Mr. N has 4 nursing problems including sensory perception disorders: auditory hallucinations, risk of violent behavior, social isolation and low self-esteem, but the author focuses on one diagnosis, namely the problem of hallucinations. The action taken is to practice conversational therapy with other people to reduce the patient's level of hallucinations. The conclusion of the given action has been reached where the client is able to converse with other people when the client experiences hallucinations.

Pengaruh Terapi Aktivitas Kelompok Stimulasi Sensori: Menggambar terhadap Perubahan Tingkat Halusinasi pada Pasien Halusiansi di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Jiwa Daerah Jambi

Indonesia According to WHO (2017) data, there are about 35 million people affected by depression, 60 million people are affected by bipolar, 21 million are affected by schizophrenia, and 47.5 million are affected by dementia. The nursing problems that arise from the medical diagnosis of schizophrenia include hallucinations. Based on data from Mental Hospitals in Indonesia, about 70% of patients undergoing treatment in inpatient wards of mental hospitals experience hallucinations nursing problems. Data from the inpatient room of the Jambi Provincial Mental Hospital in 2018 from 12 rooms the number of patients experiencing hallucinations was 4320 patients. The management of hallucinations is through the continuous application of comprehensive nursing care, accompanied by incorrect modality therapies. one of them is Group Activity Therapy. Objective: To determine the effect of Sensory Stimulation Group Activity Therapy (TAK) on changes in the level of hallucinations in hallucinating patients in the inpatient ward of the Jambi Province Mental Hospital. Research Methodology Quantitative research with a Quasi Experiment research design that uses Pre-Test and Post-Test with Control Group with drawing stimulation therapy intervention, data collection is done by interview and observation. The statistical test in this study used the Independent T Test

S97. SOCIAL ANXIETY IN SCHIZOPHRENIA: THE IMPACT OF HALLUCINATIONS AND SELF-ESTEEM SUPPORT

BackgroundSocial anxiety is an underreported concern in schizophrenia (SCZ). Prevalence rates in the general population range from 0.5–7% (APA, 2013), but are higher in SCZ, and estimated to be 11–36% (Mazeh et al., 2009; Pallanti et al., 2004). Yet, research is limited with no established social anxiety treatments. Social anxiety is associated with decreased quality of life (Hansson, 2006), low self-esteem (Gumley et al., 2005), and increased psychopathology (Vrbova et al., 2017). Lysaker and Hammersley (2006) found that people with delusions and impairment in flexibility had the highest levels of social anxiety compared to those with fewer symptoms. Additionally, Lysaker et al. (2010) found that people with both high paranoia and theory of mind had higher social anxiety compared to those with lower levels of either paranoia or theory of mind. Taken together, this research suggests that symptoms may increase social anxiety, but other factors may inhibit their impact. The current study aims to add to this literature by exploring how different levels of hallucinations and self-esteem support affect social anxiety in SCZ.MethodsOutpatients with SCZ (N=50) participated in the current study. Participants were 76% male with a mean age of 42.50. Participants were African-American (n=27; 54%), Caucasian (n=11; 22%), multi-racial (n=5; 10%), Asian (n=4, 8%), or Hispanic (n=3; 6%). Social fear, social avoidance, and overall social anxiety was measured with the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS; Liebowitz, 1987). Self-esteem support (SeS) was measured with a subscale taken from the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL; Cohen & Hoberman, 1983). SeS is the appraisal of the self compared with others and other’s opinions of the self. Hallucinations (HA) were scored with the observer-rated Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS; Andreasen, 1983). Participants were classified as having hallucinations if their SAPS global hallucinations were rated moderate to severe. This was chosen a priori as it reflects a level of clear hallucinations that may bother the person to some extent, as defined within the SAPS. Participants were classified as having either high or low SeS based on a mean split of the distribution of scores. Once participants were classified, we planned to compare groups on levels of social anxiety. This method was modified from previous research reporting similar groupings of symptoms and their relationship to social anxiety (Lysaker & Hammersley, 2006).ResultsFour groups resulted after including the dichotomized variables with the following proportions: low SeS/no HA (n=6; 12.5%), low SeS/HA (n=11, 22.9%), high SeS/no HA (n=13; 27.1%), and high SeS/HA (n=18, 37.5%). A one-way ANOVA was conducted to analyze the differences between groups. Post-Hoc analyses revealed the following differences. The HA/low SeS group had higher social anxiety than in the no HA/high SeS group (p=.030) and no HA/low SeS group (p=.039). The HA/low SeS group had higher social fear (p=.017) and social avoidance (p=.013) than in the no HA/high SeS group. There was a trending difference revealing that participants in the HA/low SeS group had higher social avoidance than in the HA/high SeS group (p=.056). There was a trending difference revealing that the HA/low SeS group had greater overall social anxiety than those in the HA/high SeS group (p=.064).DiscussionThese results present preliminary findings on social anxiety in people with different levels of HA and SeS. We found that people with low SeS and HA had significantly higher levels of social anxiety, social fear, and social avoidance than participants with only one of neither of these symptoms. These results will be discussed further to highlight implications to treatment and comorbidities in SCZ.

Predictors of involuntary hospitalizations to acute psychiatry

IntroductionThere is little knowledge of predictors for involuntary hospitalizations in acute psychiatric units. MethodThe Multi-center study of Acute Psychiatry included all cases of acute consecutive psychiatric admissions in twenty acute psychiatric units in Norway, representing about 75% of the acute psychiatric units during 2005–2006. Data included admission process, rating of Global Assessment of Functioning and Health of the Nation Outcome Scales. ResultsFifty-six percent were voluntary and 44% involuntary hospitalized. Regression analysis identified contact with police, referral by physicians who did not know the patient, contact with health services within the last 48h, not living in own apartment or house, high scores for aggression, level of hallucinations and delusions, and contact with an out-of office clinic within the last 48h and low GAF symptom score as predictors for involuntary hospitalization. Involuntary patients were older, more often male, non-Norwegian, unmarried and had lower level of education. They more often had disability pension or received social benefits, and were more often admitted during evenings and nights, found to have more frequent substance abuse and less often responsible for children and were less frequently motivated for admission. Involuntary patients had less contact with psychiatric services before admission. Most patients were referred because of a deterioration of their psychiatric illness. ConclusionInvoluntary hospitalization seems to be guided by the severity of psychiatric symptoms and factors “surrounding” the referred patient. Important factors seem to be male gender, substance abuse, contact with own GP, aggressive behavior, and low level of social functioning and lack of motivation. There was a need for assistance by the police in a significant number of cases. This complicated picture offers some important challenges to the organization of primary and psychiatric health services and a need to consider better pathways to care.

FMRI Activity Correlated With Auditory Hallucinations During Performance of a Working Memory Task: Data From the FBIRN Consortium Study

Auditory hallucinations are a hallmark symptom of schizophrenia. The neural basis of auditory hallucinations was examined using data from a working memory task. Data were acquired within a multisite consortium and this unique dataset provided the opportunity to analyze data from a large number of subjects who had been tested on the same procedures across sites. We hypothesized that regions involved in verbal working memory and language processing would show activity that was associated with levels of hallucinations during a condition where subjects were rehearsing the stimuli. Data from the Sternberg Item Recognition Paradigm, a working memory task, were acquired during functional magnetic resonance imaging procedures. The data were collected and preprocessed by the functional imaging biomedical informatics research network consortium. Schizophrenic subjects were split into nonhallucinating and hallucinating subgroups and activity during the probe condition (in which subjects rehearsed stimuli) was examined. Levels of activation from contrast images for the probe phase (collapsed over levels of memory load) of the working memory task were also correlated with levels of auditory hallucinations from the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms scores. Patients with auditory hallucinations (relative to nonhallucinating subjects) showed decreased activity during the probe condition in verbal working memory/language processing regions, including the superior temporal and inferior parietal regions. These regions also showed associations between activity and levels of hallucinations in a correlation analysis. The association between activation and hallucinations scores in the left hemisphere language/working memory regions replicates the findings of previous studies and provides converging evidence for the association between superior temporal abnormalities and auditory hallucinations.