Levels Of Greenhouse Gases Research Articles

Ultrasmall bimetallic Ru-Co alloy nanoclusters immobilized in amino-functionalized UiO-66 and N-doped carbonaceous zirconium oxide nanocomposite for hydrogen generation

To satisfy global energy demands and maintain sustainable levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases, alternative energy sources are required. H 2 generation from hydrolysis of NaBH 4 represents as a safe and convenient method for storing and releasing H 2 . The free amine groups (NH 2 ) and the big pores in the NH 2 -UiO-66 metal-organic framework were exploited to encapsulate ultrasmall bimetallic Ru-Co alloy nanoclusters and monometallic Ru and Co nanoclusters with an average particle size of 1.5 nm via direct anionic exchange technique. To prove the role of the NH 2 groups and the MOF’s pores in the creation of a well and uniform-dispersed ruthenium and cobalt nanoclusters, the NH 2 -UiO-66 was calcined at 600 °C for 3 h in the air to prepare N-doped carbonaceous ZrO 2 (ZrO 2 N @ C) nanocomposite. Hydrazine hydrate (HH) was used as a reducing agent in the presence of microwave irradiation (MWI). The prepared catalysts were used as novel catalysts for hydrogen generation, via the hydrolysis of sodium borohydride (NaBH 4 ). 2 wt% Ru-Co/NH 2 -UiO-66 displays a high hydrogen generation rate (HGR) of 10526 mL H 2 g −1 min −1 from low concentration NaBH 4 solution (50 mM). The extraordinary catalytic activity of the prepared catalysts attributes to the ultrasmall particle size of the ruthenium and cobalt nanoclusters in the MOF’s pores, the synergistic harmony between the Ru and Co nanoclusters in the alloy form, and the large surface area of the NH 2 -UiO-66. The effect of the NaBH 4 concentration, catalyst amount, and reaction temperatures (30–60 °C) was investigated. The catalyst shows high recyclability efficiency for at least five cycles, due to the high leaching resistance of the alloy nanoclusters within the MOF host. The prepared catalysts may be considered as highly efficient catalysts for energy-based applications. • Preparation of ultrasmall single alloy Ru-Co nanoclusters without ligand. • The free amine groups in the NH 2 -UiO-66 provide coordination sites for metal ions. • Synthesis of N-doped carbonaceous ZrO 2 (ZrO 2 N @ C) derived from NH 2 -UiO-66. • Reduction of Ru and Co ions with hydrazine hydrate under MWI. • Ru-Co/NH 2 -UiO-66 achieves a high hydrogen generation rate of 10526 mL g cat −1 min −1 .

Machine Learning in the Development of Adsorbents for Clean Energy Application and Greenhouse Gas Capture.

Addressing climate change challenges by reducing greenhouse gas levels requires innovative adsorbent materials for clean energy applications. Recent progress in machine learning has stimulated technological breakthroughs in the discovery, design, and deployment of materials with potential for high-performance and low-cost clean energy applications. This review summarizes basic machine learning methods-data collection, featurization, model generation, and model evaluation-and reviews their use in the development of robust adsorbent materials. Key case studies are provided where these methods are used to accelerate adsorbent materials design and discovery, optimize synthesis conditions, and understand complex feature-property relationships. The review provides a concise resource for researchers wishing to use machine learning methods to rapidly develop effective adsorbent materials with a positive impact on the environment.

Deployment planning tool for environmentally sensitive heavy-duty vehicles and fueling infrastructure

A novel planning tool is introduced for projecting vehicle and fueling infrastructure deployment of near-zero and zero emission heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs). To address climate change and air quality goals, the tool is based on a systematic methodology to develop rollout scenarios that meet environmental goals at the lowest cost, and identify policy to facilitate the deployment. Called TRACE (Transportation Rollout Affecting Cost and Emissions), the methodology provides a framework for developing and analyzing scenarios that consider the technical and socio-political constraints and incentives in the emerging HDV sector. For the California Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Scenario requiring an 80% reduction in 1990 GHG levels by 2050, TRACE projects a significant population of biomass-sourced renewable diesel-fueled internal combustion vehicles, complemented by a substantial population of battery and fuel cell electric powertrain adoption by 2050. In contrast, the Zero Emission Vehicle Scenario projects a near-complete (100%) adoption of battery and fuel cell electric powertrains by 2050 with a 0.53% higher cumulative cost than the GHG Scenario. The policy implications include a need for (1) near-term benefits of low/negative carbon intensity biomass without diminishing adoption of zero emission HDVs, and (2) both renewable fuel and fuel cell electric vehicle incentives tailored to vocational demand.

How quickly would we see the effects of changing greenhouse gas emissions?

Greenhouse gases (GHGs) help to maintain the Earth’s temperature by trapping heat. Without GHGs, our planet would be so cold that no life could exist. In the present era, human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels emit huge amounts of GHGs into the atmosphere each year. Consequently, the Earth’s temperature is increasing to an uncomfortably high level. To halt the rise in Earth’s temperature, we must reduce and ultimately eliminate GHG emissions. However, reducing emissions may not instantly result in lower GHG levels in the atmosphere, as the GHGs we emit now can remain in the atmosphere for decades to centuries. This article explains the rate at which two essential GHGs (carbon dioxide and methane) might accumulate in the atmosphere and how their concentrations could change in the future because of emissions reductions.

Hydrogen generation of single alloy Pd/Pt quantum dots over Co3O4 nanoparticles via the hydrolysis of sodium borohydride at room temperature

To satisfy global energy demands and decrease the level of atmospheric greenhouse gases, alternative clean energy sources are required. Hydrogen is one of the most promising clean energy sources due to its high chemical energy density and near-zero greenhouse gas emissions. A single alloyed phase of Pd/Pt nanoclusters as quantum dots (QDs) was prepared and loaded over Co3O4 nanoparticles with a low loading percentage (1 wt.%) for hydrogen generation from the hydrolysis of NaBH4 at room temperature. L-glutathione (SG) was used as a capping ligand. It was found that the single alloy catalyst (Pd0.5–Pt0.5)n(SG)m/Co3O4 caused a significant enhancement in hydrogen generation in comparison to the monometallic clusters (Pdn(SG)m and Ptn(SG)m). Moreover, the Pd/Pt alloy showed a positive synergistic effect compared to the physical mixture of Pd and Pt clusters (1:1) over Co3O4. The QDs alloy and monometallic Pd and Pt clusters exhibited well-dispersed particle size in ~ 1 nm. The (Pd0.5–Pt0.5)n(SG)m)/Co3O4 catalyst offers a high hydrogen generation rate (HGR) of 8333 mL min− 1 g− 1 at room temperature. The synergistic effect of Pd and Pt atoms in the nanoclusters alloy is the key point beyond this high activity, plus the prepared clusters' unique atomic packing structure and electronic properties. The effect of the NaBH4 concentration, catalyst amount, and reaction temperature (25–60 °C) were investigated, where HGR reaches 50 L min− 1 g− 1 at 60 °C under the same reaction conditions. The prepared catalysts were analyzed by UV–Vis, TGA, HR-TEM, XRD, and N2 adsorption/desorption techniques. The charge state of the Pd and Pt in monometallic and alloy nanoclusters is zero, as confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. The catalysts showed high recyclability efficiency for at least five cycles due to the high leaching resistance of the alloy nanoclusters within the Co3O4 host. The prepared catalysts are highly efficient for energy-based applications.

ASGBI surgical sustainability survey

Introduction The National Health Service (NHS) has committed to reaching ‘net zero’ for greenhouse gas (GHG) production by 2040. Operating theatres produce high levels of GHG. Methods An online survey was conducted of Association of Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland members regarding their awareness and commitments to sustainable practice. Results There were 136 responses to the survey (10% response rate). Three-quarters (73%) of those responding were male and half (54%) were consultants. One hundred and four respondents (76%) feel that it is the responsibility of all NHS staff to reduce the NHS carbon footprint. However, few currently take active steps to decrease the carbon footprint. Only 42 (31%) always or sometimes use the team briefing at the start of a theatre list to promote sustainable practices, only 39 (28%) of 123 respondents who perform laparoscopic surgery use fully or partly reusable ports and only 50 (53%) of 94 respondents involved in procurement consider the environmental impact during the process. Conclusions The results of this survey suggest a lack of engagement by general surgeons with the issue of high GHG production by operating theatres. Progress towards net zero emissions by 2040 will be challenging unless colleagues are actively engaged. Although there is recognition from those who were surveyed that the reduction of the NHS carbon footprint is everyone’s responsibility, few are taking even small steps to act on that obligation. Awareness of the problem needs to be quickly improved and a suite of practical actions to reduce the carbon footprint in theatre should be produced to facilitate change.

Molecular Dynamics Study of CO2/H2 and CH4/H2 Gas Separation by Nanoporous Graphene

The combustion of coal produces CO2 emissions, rising greenhouse gas levels, and leading to global warming. Hydrogen is one potential clean source of energy. However, current hydrogen production methods produce CO and CO2 emissions, while pure hydrogen is required for fuel cells. Therefore, efficient methods for capturing greenhouse gases and the extraction of pure hydrogen are required. Membrane gas separation requires low energy and cost. However, current polymer-based membranes struggle with the trade-off between selectivity and permeability. Graphene-based membranes like nanoporous graphene (NPG) are potential candidates due to its monoatomic thickness and high mechanical performance, offering high permeability. Selectivity was altered by controlling the nanopore shape, size, and functionality, and using multi-layered NPG with various interlayer spacing and angle. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to study the transport phenomena for graphene-based membrane gas separation. CO2/H2 and CH4/H2 gas mixtures separation were performed on a bottom-up synthesized H-Passivated NPG with Dumbbell-Shaped Nanopores. Results show that 100% H2 selectivity was achieved for both CH4/H2 and CO2/H2 gas mixtures, using single layer NPG and tri-layer NPG, respectively, while maintaining high permeability in the order of 105-106 GPU. Therefore, the H-Passivated NPG with Dumbbell-Shaped Nanopores is an excellent choice of membrane for gas separation.

Methods of Large-Scale Capture and Removal of Atmospheric Greenhouse Gases

The terms “global warming” and “climate change” refer to the large-scale impacts of human actions such as the burning of fossil fuels and extensive deforestation that contribute to a rise in the level of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere [...]

Reducing Carbon Footprint of Agriculture—Can Organic Farming Help to Mitigate Climate Change?

In the face of a changing climate, intensive efforts are needed for limiting the global temperature increase to 1.5 °C. Agricultural production has the potential to play an important role in mitigating climate change. It is necessary to optimize all of the agricultural practices that have high levels of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Among the plant production processes, mineral fertilization is of the greatest importance in the formation of the carbon footprint (CF) of crops. There are many possibilities for reducing GHG emissions from the application of fertilizers. Further benefits in reducing the CF can be obtained through combining tillage treatments, reduced and no-till technologies, and the cultivation of catch crops and leguminous plants. Organic farming has the potential for reducing GHG emissions and improving organic carbon sequestration. This system eliminates synthetic nitrogen fertilizers and thus could lower global agricultural GHG emissions. Organic farming could result in a higher soil organic carbon content compared to non-organic systems. When used together with other environmentally friendly farming practices, significant reductions of GHG emissions can be achieved.

Microorganisms as New Sources of Energy

The use of fossil energy sources has a negative impact on the economic and socio-political stability of specific regions and countries, causing environmental changes due to the emission of greenhouse gases. Moreover, the stocks of mineral energy are limited, causing the demand for new types and forms of energy. Biomass is a renewable energy source and represents an alternative to fossil energy sources. Microorganisms produce energy from the substrate and biomass, i.e., from substances in the microenvironment, to maintain their metabolism and life. However, specialized microorganisms also produce specific metabolites under almost abiotic circumstances that often do not have the immediate task of sustaining their own lives. This paper presents the action of biogenic and biogenic–thermogenic microorganisms, which produce methane, alcohols, lipids, triglycerides, and hydrogen, thus often creating renewable energy from waste biomass. Furthermore, some microorganisms acquire new or improved properties through genetic interventions for producing significant amounts of energy. In this way, they clean the environment and can consume greenhouse gases. Particularly suitable are blue-green algae or cyanobacteria but also some otherwise pathogenic microorganisms (E. coli, Klebsiella, and others), as well as many other specialized microorganisms that show an incredible ability to adapt. Microorganisms can change the current paradigm, energy–environment, and open up countless opportunities for producing new energy sources, especially hydrogen, which is an ideal energy source for all systems (biological, physical, technological). Developing such energy production technologies can significantly change the already achieved critical level of greenhouse gases that significantly affect the climate.

Anticipated impacts of climate change on women's health: Abackground primer.

Due to human activities, atmospheric greenhouse gas levels have increased dramatically, leading to an increase in the global mean surface temperature by 1.1° Celsius. Unless we can achieve a significant reduction in emissions, the global mean surface temperature will continue to rise to a dangerous level. Adverse outcomes of this warming will include extreme weather events, a deterioration of food, water and air quality, decreased food security, and an increase in vector-borne infectious disease. Political and economic instability as well as mass population migration will result in reduced access to healthcare resources. Mitigation of and adaptation to climate change will be key determinants of humanity's survival in the face of this existential crisis. Women will be more adversely affected by climate change than men, and pregnant persons will be particularly vulnerable. Particular differential impacts on women include higher heat and particulate-related morbidity and mortality; pregnancy risks including preterm birth, fetal growth lag, hypertensive disorders; and mental health impacts. To prepare for the climate crisis, it is imperative for women's healthcare providers to assist their patients through political advocacy, provide family planning services, and focus on nutrition and lifestyle counseling.

How public catering accelerates sustainability: a German case study

Public catering has become increasingly important in recent years. With increasing annual customers, the sector’s impact on the environment is also growing continuously. At the same time, public catering offers a lever to promote sustainable nutrition that has rarely been used so far. Small changes in kitchen practices and food offers can thus be multiplied into a significant positive impact on environmental challenges, such as climate change or loss of biodiversity due to the large number of servings. In contrast to private households, management decisions in public catering can influence the food-related environmental impact of thousands of customers. This article deals with the nationwide level of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and resource use in the German public catering segment “business” and its saving potentials by different scenarios of unsupported and supported recipe revision. In this paper, we define "unsupported" as the intuitive optimization of recipes by employees of public catering businesses. In contrast, “supported” approaches had to meet specific target goals, for example of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährung; engl. German Nutrition Society or the sustainable level. Specifically, we will test how (A) an unsupported recipe revision, (B) a recipe revision based on dietary recommendations and (C) a recipe revision using scientific guidance affect the environmental impact of a dish. As a methodological framework, an online survey of public catering companies was conducted as well as a scenario analysis at menu level and at nationwide level. The results are based on empirical data on the one hand, and on extrapolations on the other. The results show that the nationwide implementation of recipe revision according to scientific guidance—such as concrete target goals for the GHG emissions per serving—can save up to 44% of resource use in the German business catering sector (which corresponds to 3.4 million tons of resources per year) and as much as 40% of GHG emissions (0.6 million tons GHG emissions per year). Even in the scenario of unsupported recipe revision, GHG and resource savings of up to 20% can be realized. The results show that public catering can reduce its material and carbon footprint by 20% overnight. Moreover, the findings show indications for the sustainable transformation of public catering. Nevertheless, it must be noted that these are some first steps of the transformation, which will require further changes with even greater impacts and political activities.

Effects of orbital forcing, greenhouse gases and ice sheets on Saharan greening in past and future multi-millennia

Abstract. Climate archives reveal alternating arid and humid conditions in North Africa during the last several million years. Most likely the dry phases resembled current hyper-arid landscapes, whereas the wet phases known as African humid periods (AHPs) sustained much more surface water and greater vegetated areas that “greened” large parts of the Sahara region. Previous analyses of sediment cores from the Mediterranean Sea showed the last five AHPs differed in strength, duration and rate of change. To understand the causes of such differences we perform transient simulations of the past 190 000 years with the Earth system model of intermediate complexity CLIMBER-2. We analyse the amplitude and rate of change of the modelled AHP responses to changes in orbital parameters, greenhouse gases (GHGs) and ice sheets. In agreement with estimates from Mediterranean Sea sapropels, we find the model predicts a threshold in orbital forcing for Sahara greening and occurrence of AHPs. Maximum rates of change in simulated vegetation extent at AHP onset and termination correlate strongly with the rate of change of the orbital forcing. As suggested by available data for the Holocene AHP, the onset of modelled AHPs usually happens faster than termination. A factor separation analysis confirms the dominant role of the orbital forcing in driving the amplitude of precipitation and vegetation extent for past AHPs. Forcing due to changes in GHGs and ice sheets is only of secondary importance, with a small contribution from synergies with the orbital forcing. Via the factor separation we detect that the threshold in orbital forcing for AHP onset varies with GHG levels. To explore the implication of our finding from the palaeoclimate simulations for the AHPs that might occur in a greenhouse-gas-induced warmer climate, we extend the palaeoclimate simulations into the future. For the next 100 000 years the variations in orbital forcing will be smaller than during the last 100 millennia, and the insolation threshold for the onset of late Quaternary AHPs will not be crossed. However, with higher GHG concentrations the predicted threshold drops considerably. Thereby, the occurrence of AHPs in upcoming millennia appears to crucially depend on future concentrations of GHGs.

Carbon Footprint Estimation for La Serena-Coquimbo Conurbation Based on Global Protocol for Community-Scale Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventories (GPC)

High levels of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, coupled with native forest and jungle deforestation, have led to a worldwide temperature increase. Cities are home to over half of the world’s population and generate over 80% of GHG emissions. Consequently, urban areas must become facilitation centers in the battle against climate change. The main objective of this manuscript is to estimate the carbon footprint of the La Serena-Coquimbo conurbation, seeking to determine the contribution of the area to climate change. To this end, the following steps were taken: Identification of sectors and subsectors contributing to GHG emissions in the conurbation; gathering data on selected sectors to develop a GHG inventory; and the quantification of the carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2eq) in selected sectors. The results revealed that 2,102,887 t CO2eq were generated in the conurbation by the stationary energy, transport, and waste sectors, the former being the largest contributor. We conclude that there is a need for greater environmental development in cities in order to facilitate formulation and implementation of GHG reduction proposals.

Effects of nitrogen addition on Eucalyptus globulus growth and carbon sequestration potential under various CO2 climatic conditions

ABSTRACT The catastrophic and enormous increase in atmospheric greenhouse gas levels leads to global climate change, and an immediate need to investigate the effects of increased CO2 levels on natural vegetation is complex. The goal of this study was to see how nitrogen addition affected Eucalyptus globulus Labill. species development in both ambient (408 ppm) and different elevated (450 ppm, 500 ppm, 550 ppm, and 600 ppm) carbon dioxide environments with OSC S-1000 L plant growth chamber. In this investigation, nitrogen was added in the form of potassium nitrate in various amounts (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg of soil). The plant’s growth responses (leaf length, leaf width, and shoot length) were investigated. To calculate the carbon content, a multiple regression equation was employed to fit the model. The maximum carbon content value 52.37 ± 0.03% was recorded at 200 mg/kg nitrogen addition level for an elevated CO2 condition of 600 ppm. The results of this study conclude that the nitrogen addition had a positive impact on the plant growth and carbon sequestration potential of Eucalyptus globulus under ambient as well as elevated CO2 conditions.

Composite electricity distribution poles for Kenya: a predictive, systematic and meta- analytic review

Increasing levels of global forest denudation have led to increased global warming due to rising levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. This is further exacerbated by the need for poles for power distribution among other uses. A need, therefore, exists to venture into alternative poles that are environmentally friendly and address the effects of deforestation. The paper addresses this emerging issue by suggesting the adoption of composite poles for power distribution in Kenya. Composite poles are those whose outer materials are ultraviolet stabilized, recyclable, and resistant to corrosion and attacks such as from insects and rodents. The outer material also has minimum water porosity. The inner material, on the other hand, is made of both fiber and Polyurethane material. The fibres are organic and can be of industrial or biological materials such as fiberglass, carbon fibre, or plant fibre, among others. This paper analyses the composition, available technologies, socio-economic benefits as well as risks to be mitigated by the adoption of composite poles in Kenya. Analysis of the total cost per pole installed for various pole types was done. Data collection methods involved interviewing Kenya Power and Lighting Company (KPLC) staff, the observation made at the Limuru factory, and the use of existing documentation by KPLC and the Kenya Bureau of Standards (KEBS). The paper reviewed studies done by KPLC and standards developed thereof by KEBS. Further key attributes of various pole technologies were compared and a comparison of composite poles with wood and concrete poles was carried out. In addition, the technical features of poles were compared. Data collected was analysed and the results were presented in tabular forms. The cost analyses of the various poles and a summary of the failure of wooden poles in various regions throughout Kenya were also covered. The study has demonstrated based on a life-term analysis, that composite poles would save up to 40% of the total costs incurred for projects that are replacing wooden and concrete poles over 80 years. This translates to about KES 51, 868, 363 per composite lifetime or about KES 648, 354 per year (USD 5,533.60 /a) in addition to the added benefits of easier and quicker installations, low operation costs, and longevity. Further still, Composites poles would significantly impact the amount of money charged to connect new clients to the Grid electricity. The study concludes by indicating that a need exists for further analysis of the cost elements using Net Present Value (NPV) approaches.

The environmental impact of fast delivery B2C e-commerce in outbound logistics operations: A simulation approach

During the past few years, the increase of last-mile distribution (LMD) of the business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce has brought changes for the Supply Chain Management (SCM), such as new economic and environmental challenges. On the other hand, sustainability and high levels of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with transportation of goods have not yet been considered to be sufficient to help address this gap. This work aims to investigate how flexible delivery time strategies may impact the mileage traveled by vehicles in the LMD. To do that, a discrete event simulation model was developed using the consolidation level and delivery time variables to analyze logistics scenarios. Results revealed that, in certain circumstances, more flexible delivery times and higher levels of shipment consolidation may shorten the total mileage traveled by the vehicles. Moreover, they provide economic and environmental benefits due to reduced fuel consumption and thus GHG emissions with no major impact for consumers.

Recent marine heatwaves in the North Pacific warming pool can be attributed to rising atmospheric levels of greenhouse gases

Over the last decade, the northeast Pacific experienced marine heatwaves that caused devastating marine ecological impacts with socioeconomic implications. Here we use two different attribution methods and show that forcing by elevated greenhouse gases levels has virtually certainly caused the multi-year persistent 2019–2021 marine heatwave. There is less than 1% chance that the 2019–2021 event with ~3 years duration and 1.6 ∘C intensity could have happened in the absence of greenhouse gases forcing. We further discover that the recent marine heatwaves are co-located with a systematically-forced outstanding warming pool, which we attribute to forcing by elevated greenhouse gases levels and the recent industrial aerosol-load decrease. The here-detected Pacific long-term warming pool is associated with a strengthening ridge of high-pressure system, which has recently emerged from the natural variability of climate system, indicating that they will provide favorable conditions over the northeast Pacific for even more severe marine heatwave events in the future.

A review on the solid–liquid–vapor phase equilibria of acid gases in methane

AbstractIn spite of the increasing levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, and their impact on the environment, the demand for natural/biogas will increase significantly in the coming few decades. To cover this demand, the global energy industry is continuously exploiting sour gas reserves located around the world. Nonetheless, sour gas has to be sweetened before the practical utilization of natural or biogas. The cryogenic separation technologies have emerged as a new technology to separate carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S gases) from natural/biogas. The cryogenic separation produces less harmful gases, and can be less expensive to operate and maintain in comparison to the conventional technologies. To design cryogenic separation equipment, vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE), solid–liquid equilibrium (SLE), solid–vapor equilibrium (SVE), and solid–liquid–vapor equilibrium (SLVE) data for the corresponding binary systems (of CH4‐CO2, CH4‐H2S, and H2S‐CO2) and ternary system (of CH4‐H2S‐CO2) are required. The main target of this article is to review the SLVE data for the acid gases (CO2 and H2S) in methane (CH4) as the main constituent of natural/biogas. It will address SLVE data for the binary systems of CH4‐CO2, CH4‐H2S and H2S‐CO2 as well as the ternary system of CH4‐H2S‐CO2. It will not only address the available laboratory data, but it will also discuss, compare and evaluate the different models used to correlate/predict these data. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A comprehensive review on advanced charging topologies and methodologies for electric vehicle battery

The rise of greenhouse gas levels in the atmosphere is a severe climate change concern. A significant part, such as CO2 emission, comes from internal combustion engine-driven vehicles, incited the automotive sector to focus more on the sustainable electric transportation system. However, electric vehicles face significant charging time, charging methods, and range anxiety challenges. To overcome these challenges, charging technologies for electric vehicle batteries play an essential role. Many types of electric vehicle charging topologies have been discussed in the literature and implemented in many practical applications. This paper presents a state of art criticism of advanced converter topologies and charging methodology for electric vehicle applications. Apart from the conventional topologies, this manuscript has covered the comparative criticism of the recently proposed EV charging technologies regarding charging methods, control strategies, and power levels. Further, this paper discussed the different onboard chargers with their power factor correction topologies, drawbacks, and required corrections. This manuscript provides the research directions for the academic and industrial communities.