Good Level Of Practice Research Articles

Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding the prevention of osteoporosis among middle and old-aged women of Kirtipur Municipality, Nepal.

Osteoporosis is a major public health problem that can lead to physical disability, working performance limitations, decreased self-sufficiency, and increased hospitalization and mortality rates. People are unaware of osteoporosis, and it is often undiagnosed until fractures occur. Limited studies have been conducted to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding osteoporosis among middle-aged women in Nepal. This study aimed to determine existing knowledge, attitude, and practice towards osteoporosis among middle and old-aged women in Nepal. A cross-sectional study was conducted among the selected wards of Kirtipur Municipality to recruit 405 participants. Participants were selected using a stratified random sampling technique. Face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire were performed to collect the data. Frequencies, percentages, mean, and standard deviation were used to describe the characteristics of participants. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding osteoporosis. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to determine the correlation between knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding osteoporosis. The mean ± SD age of the participants was 46.2 ±9.1 years. Nearly half of the participants (48.8%) had good knowledge, while 57.7% and 51.8% had positive attitudes and good practices regarding osteoporosis, respectively. The occupation and income of the participants were statistically significant and associated with the knowledge level. Meanwhile, age, ethnicity, education, occupation, and monthly household income were associated with attitude level. With a good practice level, ethnicity, family type, and education were statistically significant. The knowledge-attitude (rka = 0.093, p < 0.05), attitude-practice (rap = 0.171, p < 0.001), and knowledge-practice (rkp = 0.274, p < 0.001) for osteoporosis were positively correlated. The study found that still around half of the middle and old-aged women had poor knowledge, negative attitudes, and poor practices regarding osteoporosis. Moreover, it highlighted inadequate dietary practices, such as low consumption of milk, vegetables, fruits, and calcium supplements among women, indicates are at greater risk of osteoporosis. The study emphasized the need for community-based awareness programs for the target population such as housemakers, and lower-income groups, to prevent osteoporosis among women.

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of nurses related to nosocomial infections: A narrative literature review

Nosocomial infections (NIs) represent a significant public health concern demanding global attention. Evidence on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of nurses toward NIs prevention and control is limited and varies by country. This narrative review aims to summarize studies on nurses' KAP toward NIs prevention and control, conducted in various countries worldwide. A search was conducted on PubMed using the terms nosocomial infections AND nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, practices; nosocomial infections AND nurses' KAP; hospital-acquired infections AND nurses' knowledge, attitudes practices; HAIs AND nurses' KAP). All types of studies conducted on the topic in English from 1895 to 2023 were included in the review however, qualitative studies were excluded. Fifteen studies conducted in 10 different countries met the criteria and were included in this review. The results suggest that in most studies, nurses demonstrated a good level of knowledge (n=15, 45.5%-90.0%) and positive attitudes (n=10, 51.0%-84.4%) toward the prevention and control of NIs. Regarding practices, most studies (n=11, 60.0%-80.0%) showed a good level of practice, though recommendations for improving nurses’ performance were noted. This literature review suggests that while nurses' knowledge of NI prevention and control is generally good, it varies widely. Despite good knowledge, the results indicate that nurses' performance in controlling hospital-acquired infections is low, and strategies for improvement are recommended. This study investigated nurses' KAP concerning the prevention and control of HAIs, revealing a noteworthy finding: while nurses generally exhibit good knowledge, there is significant variability. Despite having good knowledge, the review underscores a discrepancy between nurses' knowledge and their actual performance in controlling HAIs-a critical concern given their extensive patient interaction.

Nurses’ knowledge, attitude and practice regarding infection control at neonatal departments in Benghazi public hospitals

The acquisition and transmission of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) can have a direct impact on the prognosis of neonates, the effectiveness of treatment, and posing significant challenges to clinical care. As nurses have direct contact with neonates, their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) are critical for the prevention and control of infection in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). The purpose of this study was to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of infection control among nurses in neonatal departments in Benghazi public hospitals. A cross-sectional study was conducted between June and December 2021. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect data from 61 neonatal nurses. The collected data were reviewed, coded, and transferred to SPSS version 23 for analysis. The study found that about 55.7% of nurses had satisfactory knowledge. Nurses with bachelor's degrees had higher knowledge scores, were more likely to know the risks of acquiring HCV and HIV, and also showed good attitudes. In terms of practice, nurses with intermediate diplomas showed good practice, but no significant differences were found between the three groups (P = 0.5). Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the nurses in the current study have a good practice level and a positive attitude regarding infection control. However, their overall knowledge didn’t reach a satisfactory level.

A Study to Assess the Knowledge and Practice Regarding Fast Hugs Bid Among ICU Staff Nurses in a Selected Hospital of New Delhi

A study was conducted to assess the knowledge and practice regarding FAST HUGS BID among ICU staff nurses in a selected hospital of New Delhi. The objectives of the study were: to assess the knowledge and practice regarding FAST HUGS BID among ICU staff nurses in a selected hospital of New Delhi and to find out the association of knowledge and practice regarding FAST HUGS BID with selected demographic variables of ICU staff nurses in a selected hospital of New Delhi. Ethical clearance was obtained, and formal permission was taken from Holy Family Hospital and Holy Family College of Nursing, respectively. Data collection was done from 22nd January to 27th January 2024. Research approach used for the study was quantitative research approach and research design was non- experimental descriptive study design. A total of 90 samples were selected through purposive sampling technique. Tools used for the study were demographic variables seeking personal information regarding age in years, number of years of experience in ICU, educational qualification, and attended any CNE or In-service education on FAST HUGS BID; Structured knowledge questionnaire to assess the knowledge regarding FAST HUGS BID among ICU staff nurses; and Observational Checklist to assess the practice regarding FAST HUGS BID among ICU staff nurses. Data obtained were analyzed and interpreted by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The majority of samples, i.e., 52 (57.78%) were 21-24 years old, 46 (51.11%) had experience as an ICU staff nurse for &lt;1 year, 53 (58.89%) were B.Sc. nurses, and 71 (78.89%) had not attended any CNE or in-service education on FAST HUGS BID. The majority of the sample had fair knowledge, i.e., 65.55%, 20% had poor knowledge, and 14.44% had a good knowledge level. The majority of the sample had a good practice level, i.e., 96.67%, and 3.33% had fair practice. The mean value of knowledge is 12.84, the median value is 13, and the standard deviation is 2.99. The mean value of the level of practice is 9.83, the median value is 10, and the standard deviation is 1.05. There was a significant association between knowledge (chi-square=19.551, p-value=0.0033 at the p&lt;0.05 level of significance) with selected demographic variables, i.e., educational qualification. The study concluded that samples had fair knowledge (65.55%), good practice (96.67%), and there was a significant association of knowledge (chi-square=19.551, p- value=0.0033 at p&lt;0.05 level of significance) with selected demographic variables, i.e., educational qualification regarding FAST HUGS BID among ICU staff nurses.

Assessment of diabetes related-knowledge and practice among Algerian university students: a cross-sectional survey

Diabetes is increasing significantly in the world especially among low- and middle-income countries including Algeria where it is ranked second in term of morbidity. This study was conducted aiming to evaluate the level of knowledge and lifestyle practice among Algerian university students. A national online cross-sectional survey was conducted between 14 November 2022 and 11 February 2023. 417 students answered the questionnaire. Demographically, females (82%), singles (86.1%), students aged between 20 and 30 years old (62.2%) and those living in urban areas (86.8%) were the most represented. More than half were students of bachelor level (52.3%) and were mainly studying in Natural and Life Sciences (37.2%) and Humanities (29.5%) faculties, and 10.6% of them declared living with diabetes. Overall, an average percentage of 75.1% correct responses was obtained and 54.6% of the respondents have shown a high level of knowledge. If age, the field of study and paternal education were associated with a high level of knowledge, being a Health Sciences student (OR: 10.175, CI 95%: 2.985–34.677) and being diabetic (OR: 10.486, CI95%: 3.424–32.12) were highly significant factors (p < 0.01). Regarding lifestyle practice, a moderate level of good practice of 54.2% was obtained and the level of knowledge was the only associated factor. These results described that some gaps of knowledge were observed especially among certain categories including students without formal education in Health, and Natural and Life Sciences. Results of this study could be helpful to the health program deciders in their campaigns of prevention against this silent disease.

Knowledge, Practices, and Barriers of Communication Skills among a Group of Primary Health-care Physicians in Baghdad 2023

Abstract Background: Communication skills are essential for health professionals to achieve a positive relationship with patients, improving their health and quality of life. Communication is the foundation for obtaining medical history and conveying a diagnosis and treatment plan. Objectives: To assess the knowledge, practice of communication skills among primary care physicians, to find out any barriers related to the communication skills, and the association between the studied variables with knowledge and practice of communication skills. Methodology: A cross-sectional study with analytic component conducted in 40 Primary Health Care Centers in Baghdad, with data collection during a period of 4 months from March 1, 2023 to June 30, 2023. Data had been collected in a questionnaire by direct interview with the participants done by the researcher and including three parts: (participants’ sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, practice toward communication skills, and the barriers to successful communication). Results: The total number of the participants was 126. The level of knowledge of the participants about physician-patient communication skills was fair in 74 (58.7%) of them, poor in 35 (27.8%). The highest prevalence of poor level of knowledge was seen in participants with specialties other than family medicine and in those with more than 20 years of experience. Level of practice of the participants toward physician-patient communication skills was good in 63 (50%) of them and 63 (50%) had moderate level of practice. The highest prevalence of moderate level of practice was seen in elderly age participants. The most common barrier as mentioned by the participants was time limitation. Conclusion: The majority of primary health-care physicians in this study have fair levels of knowledge, with moderate to good level of practice about communication skills. Family physicians and those who had experience between 10 and 19 years had better knowledge about communication skills. Time limitations are perceived as the biggest hindrance to communication followed by the presentation with multiple complains.

Knowledge and Practice of Foot Care among Patients with Diabetes Attending Diabetes Center, Saudi Arabia.

Background: Diabetic foot is a serious and often debilitating diabetes complication that poses a significant risk of morbidity and even mortality. However, ensuring good knowledge and good practice of appropriate foot care for patients with diabetes has been frequently neglected in diabetes management. Objectives: This study aimed to assess foot care knowledge and practice in patients with diabetes. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on 400 patients with diabetes at Madinah Diabetes Center, Madinah City, Saudi Arabia, in 2023. Sociodemographic, knowledge score, practice of foot care, and diabetes-related data were collected using a valid interview structured questionnaire. The prevalence of good knowledge and practice level was calculated and compared using the studied patients' characteristics using appropriate statistical tests. Results: The prevalence of good knowledge of foot care and its practice was 35% and 27%, respectively. The knowledge level showed statistically significant differences among patients based on their age and diabetes type and duration. Patients who were >50 years (70.1%), had type 2 diabetes (89.5%), and with diabetes duration >10 years (65%) showed significantly better knowledge. Female patients (65.7%) had a higher good practice level compared with male patients (34.3%) (p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study highlights the insufficient knowledge and inadequate foot care practice among patients with diabetes in the studied population. Educational interventions and targeted strategies are necessary to improve knowledge about the importance of foot care and promote better foot care practices among patients with diabetes.

Neobanking regulation

A set of recommendations for regulating the activities of Ukrainian neobanks has been formu­lated, embodying a balanced approach, pro­moting European integration, while ensuring compliance with requirements and supporting their competiti­veness. The aim of the article is to extrapolate valuable foreign insights for deve­loping recommen­dations on constructing regu­latory and legal framework that will contribute to the inclusion of Ukrainian neobanks into the EUʼs financial space. The research is based on the hypothesis that the existing regu­latory gap in the organization and supervision of neobanking in the EU and Ukraine prevents Ukrainian neobanks from fully realizing their innovative and competitive potential. The research aim was accomplished thanks to the application of a wide range of general scientific and specia­lized methods, in particular a comprehensive review of scientific sources, legal, comparative, statistical performance analysis, case study, grou­ping and systematization, as well as formulation of neobanks regulation policy content. The rele­van­ce of impro­ving the regulation system of neobanks has been proven, taking into account the acceleration of the global expansion of neobanks as an alternative to the traditional banking business. The article reveals develop­ment trends and reasons for the growing popu­larity of neobanks in certain countries, as well as successful regulatory initiatives that can be adapted for implementation in Ukraine in order to overcome the challenges and threats that Ukrainian neobanks are currently facing. A parti­cular emphasis is placed on the study of the regu­latory system of neobanks in the EU countries, which is based on the principles of financial stability, consumer protection, and pre­ven­tion of financial crimes. On the basis of a comparative analysis of different approaches, successful initiatives for implementation in Ukrai­ne have been determined, which will make it possible to adapt the regulatory infrastructure of the neobanking sector to the level of best practices. Such adaptation is necessary, since the imper­fection of the current regulatory and legal framework makes it impossible to compre­hen­sively analyze and effectively control the neobanksʼ activities, which causes risk of uncer­tainty, unreli­ability of services, threats to secu­rity and compliance with international regula­tory and legal requirements. This dimini­shes trust on the part of clients and investors, thereby hindering their international compe­titiveness. To ensure the sustainable develop­ment of neobanks in Ukraine, a roadmap for the step-by-step formation of the regulatory infra­struc­ture of the neobanking sector has been developed

Assessment of the knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward human tuberculosis amongst rural communities in Chad.

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious zoonotic disease caused by bacteria belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. In sub-Saharan African countries such as Chad, TB is endemic and causes a high burden on humans and animals through morbidity, mortality, and reduced productivity in livestock. To effectively prevent and control the disease, strong coordination between policymakers, health and veterinary services, civil society organizations, and communities is needed. It also requires an understanding of the knowledge the communities have regarding TB. However, such knowledge is under-investigated, especially in rural areas. How knowledge affects people's attitudes and practices is also unclear. The main objective of this study was to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of Chadian rural communities to better involve them in TB surveillance programs. A survey was conducted in 2021 in five rural health centers. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with persons suspected of having TB, and data on KAP were recorded and analyzed. In total, 139 participants were enrolled. Overall, the knowledge and attitude of the participants were found to be good to moderate, with 126 (90.6%) and 97 (69.7%) having good knowledge and attitude, respectively. However, their practices were found to be rather weak, with only 40 (28.7%) participants having good practices. Men were found to have good knowledge about the disease significantly more often than women. Poor attitude was significantly associated with a mobile lifestyle compared to settled lifestyles and with farmers (mainly engaged in agriculture) compared to breeders (livestock keepers). Poor health practices were associated more with men than women and with settled lifestyles compared to a mobile lifestyle. Good practices were found to be in line with good knowledge and good attitudes; however, in the analyses, the association was not significant [OR knowledge = 5.83 (95% C.I. 0.6842.83), p = 0.112; OR attitude = 2.09 (95% C.I. 0.875.04), p = 0.100]. Furthermore, attitude was not associated with knowledge [OR = 1.03 (95% C.I. 0.303.55), p = 0.964]. Our study highlights the need for targeted sensitization and awareness campaigns for communities with poor knowledge and attitudes regarding TB. These campaigns should also include practical training to increase the level of good practice rather than simply providing knowledge.

Practices of Personal Protective Measures against SARS-Cov-2 among Undergraduate Medical Students in South India

Introduction: The use of personal protective measures holds relevance despite mass immunization coverage of COVID-19 vaccination in the population. This is because vaccination only gives protection from severe COVID-19 and does not prevent the risk of infection. Medical students can be vital in training people in infection control practices. The study aimed to assess the practices of undergraduate medical students regarding personal protective measures against COVID-19. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among first to final-year students at a private medical college in Mangalore. Data were collected using a Microsoft form. Results: The mean age of the 302 participants was 21.2±1.6 years. The majority of them were females [179 (59.3%)]. Face mask was worn by 295(97.7%) participants. Non-recommended types of face masks like using cloth masks [108 (36.6%)] and handkerchiefs [7 (2.4%)] were reported by participants. 35 (11.9%) of them wore the face mask incorrectly. Periodicity of replacement of disposable type masks was not done every day by 181(61.4%) participants. 142(48.1%) of them did not dispose of masks whenever they became moist on every occasion. Only 79 (26.8%) always practiced proper disposal of face masks. Hand sanitizer to disinfect hands was always used by 102 (33.8%) participants. Only 42 (13.9%) participants practiced correct practice of hygiene hand wash always. Only 58 (19.2%) participants had a good level of practice. Practice level was significantly poorer among males and first-year students. Conclusion: Several gaps in preventive practices against COVID-19 were identified, particularly among males and first-year students. These issues need to be addressed among medical students in future training programs.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Foot Care and the Risk of Foot Ulcers in Diabetic Patients in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Diabetic patients in Saudi Arabia are often underinformed about proper diabetic foot care. This study aims to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice of the risk factors of diabetic foot ulcers among diabetic patients in the Jeddah region of Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study was done on 210 diabetic patients attending the international diabetic center in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, during the study period. A validated questionnaire was used to collect data about participants' demographics and knowledge, attitudes, and practices of diabetic foot care. Of the participants, 77 (36.7%) were aged 51-60 years; 161 (76.7%) were male; 153 (72.9%) had a university education; and approximately 138 (65%) had type 2 DM. A majority, 190 (90.5%), acknowledged that DM patients might have reduced foot sensation; 204 (97.1%) agreed that diabetics could develop gangrene; 188 (89.5%) concurred that poor foot sensation increases the risk of foot ulcers; and 193 (91.9%) agreed that poor blood flow to the feet heightens this risk. Among them, 152 (72.4%) demonstrated good knowledge about foot care and the risk of foot ulcers; eight (3.8%) exhibited a positive attitude; and 95 (45.2%) showed a good level of practice. Good knowledge was significantly higher among married patients, and good practice was notably higher among older patients (>50 years). A significant positive correlation was found between knowledge scores and both attitude and practice scores. The study revealed adequate knowledge and practice of foot care and the risk of foot ulcers among diabetic patients. However, a high percentage of negative attitudes toward these issues were observed.

Modification of Life Style in Myocardial Infarction Clients in Selected Hospitals at Guntur District

Heart disease is responsible for more deaths and disability among both males and females than any other killer and it is quickly establishing itself as the leading cause of death and disability. Furthermore, the incidence of heart disease is spreading worldwide. Asian countries adopt a more sedentary Westernized lifestyle, together with a high fat, high salt diet and processed foods that have come to be associated with technological offence, researchers are noticing that Western diseases are becoming more prevalent causes of death in Asia. Objectives: To assess pretest knowledge regarding lifestyle modification for the prevention of myocardial infarction to evaluate cardiac patients' posttest knowledge of lifestyle modifications to prevent myocardial infarction by administering a structured teaching program to them. To assess the effectiveness of a structured teaching programme by comparing pre and post-test scores to see if there is a correlation between certain demographic characteristics of cardiac patients and knowledge. Results: Among 60 patients 47 (78.3%) had inadequate knowledge, 13 (21.7%) had moderately adequate knowledge and 0(0%) had adequate knowledge in the pre-test. Among 60 patients 0(0%) had inadequate knowledge, 7(11.7%) had moderate adequate knowledge and 53(88.3%) had adequate knowledge in the post-test. Among 60 patients 52 (86.7%) had poor practice,8 (13.3%) had average practice and 0(0%) had a good level of practice in the pre-test. Among 60 clients 0(0%) had poor practice, 2(3.3%) had average practice and 58 (96.7%) had good practice levels in the post-test. In the pre-test, the mean value is 10.28 with a standard deviation of 6.31 and the mean percentage is 34.6%. In the post-test, the mean value is 24.40 with a standard deviation of 4.02 and the mean percentage is 81.3%. The calculated value t=18.7241 is the tabulated value at the level of t59=2.000. The calculated value is more than the tabulated value. The post-test value is greater than the pre-test value hence there is a high significance of improvement of knowledge levels in the post-test. In the pre-test, the mean value is 3.77 with a standard deviation of 1.88 and the mean percentage is 37.7% in post-test the mean value is 8.13 with a standard deviation of 1.08 and the mean percentage is 81.3%. The calculated value t= 12.5887 at the level t59 the tabulated value is 2.000 hence, the calculated value is more than the tabulated value. The post-test mean score is higher than the pre-test value so there is a high significance in post-practice levels.

Knowledge, attitudes, practices, and perception of COVID-19 preventive measures among adult residents of Matadi (Democratic Republic of the Congo) after the third epidemic wave.

Several governments from African countries, including the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), implemented stringent public health measures to curb COVID-19 transmission in the early phases of the pandemic. While these restrictive measures are believed to have contributed to lowering case incidence and related mortality in DRC, data on the population's knowledge and adherence are limited. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, perception, attitudes, and practices of COVID-19 preventive measures and associated factors among adult residents of Matadi, thereby generating evidence for a strategy adjustment as the COVID-19 response is transitioning from emergency to control status. We used data from a population-based cross-sectional study conducted in October 2021. Consenting participants were enrolled through a multi-stage cluster sampling approach and administered a pre-tested structured questionnaire using a mobile application (Epicollect 5). We analyzed adult participants' data using STATA 15.1. Univariable and multivariable analyses were applied to identify factors associated with good knowledge, good perception, positive attitude and good practice. We included 1,269 adult respondents for the secondary analysis. One respondent in six was female. The median age was 36 years (IQR 24-50). Most respondents (76.5%) had good knowledge. Respondents aged 40-49 years and those with vocational education level were 1.7 time (AOR 1.75, 95% CI 1.07-2.87) and twice as likely (AOR 2.06, 95% CI 1.01-4.21) to have good knowledge. Preventive measures were perceived as efficient by 45% of respondents. Good perception was associated with education level, profession, average household monthly income and good knowledge. Only 40% of respondents had a positive attitude. A positive attitude was associated with age, education level, and good knowledge. Respondents having good practice represented 5.8%. Good practice was associated with good knowledge, attitude and perception. Most respondents were knowledgeable, had a good perception of government-related COVID-19 preventive measures, a moderately positive attitude and an extremely low level of good practice. Current COVID-19 preventive strategies, including vaccination rollout, need adjustment into high-efficiency, context-based and risk group-specific interventions. Evidence generated by this study will improve preparedness and response to future outbreaks.

Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) on food-drug interaction (FDI) among pharmacists working in government health facilities in Sabah, Malaysia.

Food-drug interaction (FDI) is prevalent in our day-to-day life. Widely recognised as drug expert, pharmacists are responsible to provide patient education, including on FDI, to ensure optimum safety and efficacy of treatment. Most pharmacists have knowledge and experience regarding FDI to certain extent. However, the level of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) towards FDI among pharmacists were yet to elucidated for many countries, including for Malaysia. This study aims to assess pharmacists' KAP on FDI, their inter-association, as well as association with sociodemographic characteristics in Sabah, Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 to 31 May 2023, using online, self-administered Google Form questionnaire, involving 24 government hospitals and 113 government health clinics in Sabah. A total of 273 (or 35.5%) out of 768 pharmacists responded. Over two-third were female and serving government hospitals (79.6%). Mean score of KAP were 72.5 ± 14.3%, 93.2 ± 8.3% and 56.0 ± 16.7%, respectively, reflected good attitude but moderate knowledge and practice. Knowledge gaps identified include common medications such as paracetamol and metformin.Additionally, 28.2% respondents reported lack of FDI coverage during undergraduate, while merely 17.2% have received formal training on FDI after started working. Although 89.0% respondents agree that informing patients about possible FDIs is their responsibility, only 35.9% of the respondents usually or always practiced this. Such discrepancy maybe attributed to insufficient pharmacists' knowledge on FDI, where pharmacists with good level of knowledge have almost 2 times higher odd for good level of practice, compared to those with poor/moderate knowledge (odds ratio, OR: 1.92; 95% CI 1.02-3.61; p = 0.040) in this study. There are significant training gaps to be filled in. Pharmacist possessing good knowledge is a prerequisite for better pharmacy practice. Adequate education strategies covering FDI should be emphasised for all pharmacy undergraduates and practising pharmacists.

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of secondary school students towards COVID-19 in Sana'a City, Yemen: A cross-sectional study.

Understanding of public awareness on public health issues is very crucial, including the current health crisis of COVID-19. This research aimed to examine the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices among Students towards COVID-19. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among secondary school students in grades 10-12. Proportional sample allocation was used in 16 randomly selected schools. Moreover, the schools were recruited by using a systematic random sampling technique. Socio-demographic data and questions of the knowledge, attitude and practice were collected by interview. Logistic regression analyses were employed to identify the associated factors and p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Among the 357 participants the level of good knowledge, positive attitude, and optimal practice were 65.2%, 66.7% and 89.4% respectively. Regression analyses showed that being in the adolescent age group (15-16 years old), living with >5 family size, and family with a good income effectively predicted knowledge level. Attitudes towards COVID-19, male students were pessimistic about COVID-19 prevention and control measures as opposed to their female counterparts [aOR = 0.39; 95% CI: 0.21-0.71). Students with awareness of the virus demonstrated greater (two-fold) odds of a positive attitude as opposed to their less-conscious counterparts. The urban-area male students were demonstrated a higher (three-fold) odds of good practice level towards COVID-19 prevention and control measures as opposed to their rural-area female counterparts. A good knowledge level denoted a positive attitude despite the lack of information. Meanwhile, good preventive measure practices and behaviours reflected high levels.

Burn first aid knowledge, attitude, and practice among medical interns of a tertiary care center: A descriptive cross-sectional study

Introduction: Burn injuries are a significant public health concern with immediate and long-term consequences. This study assessed the knowledge, attitude, and practice of burn first aid among medical interns in a tertiary care center. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among medical interns at a tertiary care center. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on the burn first aid knowledge, attitude, and practical skills of medical interns. The data were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods. Results: The study involved 89 medical interns aged between 23 and 29 years, with 60.7% male participants. Of them, 51(57.3%) reported no prior exposure to burn and 17(19.1%) received formal training in burn first-aid priorly. The study found that 85 participants had good knowledge (95.5%), with only 4.5% having poor knowledge. Attitude assessment revealed 66(74.16%) participants had unfavorable attitudes, while 25.84% had a favorable attitude towards burn first aid. All participants had a good level of practice. Conclusions: The study emphasizes the need for targeted interventions to enhance burn first aid KAP among medical interns in tertiary care centers, including structured training programs, continuing medical education, positive attitudes, and hands-on practical skills training.

A Study to Assess the Knowledge and Practice regarding OTC drugs among BSc. Nursing students

Self medication with over the counter (OTC) drugs is common among medicine and nursing students. Despite all their benefits, improper use of medicines can bring potential health hazards and evidence continue to mount that adverse reaction to medicines are common and yet often preventable1. Over the counter drugs means drugs which are allowed to be sold by pharmacists without need for a prescription. The term does not have a legal definition in India2. Objectives: 1. To assess the level of knowledge of B.Sc Nursing students regarding OTC drugs, 2. To assess the practice of B.Sc Nursing students regarding OTC drugs, 3. To determine the association of knowledge of B.Sc Nursing students with the demographic variables, 4. To determine the association of practice among B.Sc Nursing students with the demographic variables. 5. To determine the correlation between knowledge and practice of B.Sc Nursing students regarding OTC drugs. Methods: Descriptive research design and purposive sampling technique was used for the study. 60 B.Sc Nursing students were selected from NS Memorial College of Nursing, Kollam. Result: Analysis of knowledge of B.Sc(N) students regarding OTC drugs shows that 15% had inadequate knowledge, 48.3% had moderate knowledge and 36.7% had adequate knowledge level. Analysis of the practice of 60 B.Sc(N) students regarding OTC drugs shows that 88.5% had bad practice and 11.5% had good practice level.

Knowledge and Attitudes toward First Aid among Medical and Nursing Students at Taibah University in Madinah City, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the first aid (FA) knowledge, practice, and attitude of medical and nursing students at Taibah University in Madinah. The study involved a cross-sectional online survey of 359 students from different academic years, using a revised and validated questionnaire on FA procedures, which were assessed utilizing a revised iteration of a questionnaire that had been previously validated. Regarding the knowledge score outcomes, the median score was 4, with an interquartile range of (3,5). Approximately 32.3% of participants demonstrated an excellent level of knowledge in first aid. Age exhibited a substantial and positive correlation with knowledge scores (p < 0.001), no significant correlation was observed between age and practice scores (p = 0.782), whereas age exhibited a significant and positive relationship with attitude scores (p < 0.001). Switching to the practice score results, the median practice score was 3, with an interquartile range of 2 to 3. A considerable 39.6% of participants displayed a good level of practice, representing the highest percentage among students. In the context of attitude score findings, the median attitude score was 4, and the interquartile range was 3 to 4, this suggests that the majority of the participants had a positive attitude towards first aid and its importance. Around 27.6% of participants portrayed a good attitude level, followed by 27% who demonstrated an acceptable attitude level. In addition, gender emerged as a differentiating factor in the three primary outcomes, as females achieved superior results across all aspects. A significant proportion of medical and nursing students at Taibah University have solid FA knowledge, practice, and attitude. Age and education level reflect the impact of FA training and certification, which should be mandatory for all medical students. Further studies are needed to generalize the findings to other contexts.

ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES TOWARDS THE CREDIT-MODULE SYSTEM AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS

Background: The Credit-Module System (CMS) has been applied in various countries in order to increase students’ independence and all-round competence. Based on CMS, students can take courses of their choice, learn at their own pace, and take additional courses. Students are the center of this educational system. Thus, undergraduate students’ attitudes and practices towards this system are critical in determining their academic achievement and quality of education. Objectives: to investigate the attitudes and practices of undergraduate students towards CMS. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive correlational design was used. The sample size comprised 242 undergraduate students at Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, including nursing, midwifery, medical laboratory technology, and medical imaging technology, who have experienced CMS for at least 1 year. Students’ attitudes and practices regarding CMS were examined using a 5-likert questionnaire including 20 items for attitudes and 37 for practices. Results: 222 (91.7%) students had positive attitudes towards CMS, with the mean score of the attitude was 79.4+13.5/100. 91.7% of students had positive attitudes towards the advantages of the CMS, and 89.7% of students were willing to participate in learning activities of the CMS. In practice, students also showed a good level (mean=147.4+17.6/185). 81.8% and 18.2% of students were at a good and moderate level of practice, respectively. Among subscales of practice, students’ practices with examination and practicum activities had the highest scores. Meanwhile, practices with theory classes were the lowest. There was a significantly positive association between students’ attitudes and practices of CMS. Conclusions: Most undergraduate students had positive attitudes towards CMS. Despite showcasing a generally good level of practice among student respondents, practices with theory classes should be enhanced. Support and counseling services are recommended to improve students’ positive attitudes and good practices towards CMS.

Suboptimal Knowledge and Care of Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome Among Nurses Working in Selected Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2021.

Acute Coronary Syndrome is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developing nations including Ethiopia. As frontline healthcare providers, nurses need to be prudent in handling cases of acute coronary syndrome. However, nurses' knowledge and practice of acute coronary syndrome are not well-known across Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to assess knowledge, practice, and associated factors regarding the care of acute coronary syndrome among acute care nurses working at selected hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Institution-based descriptive cross-sectional study design was conducted from February to March among 252 purposively selected nurses working in tertiary hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A pretested and structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were entered into Epi-Data 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 25. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to describe and test the association between selected variables. P-values < 0.05 were declared as significant factors for the outcome variable. Out of 252 nurses, (52%) had good knowledge, and (44.4%) had good practice towards care of Acute Coronary Syndrome. Being a master's degree [AOR=3.801, (95% CI:1.314-10.996), P =0.014] and having guidelines [AOR= 10.998, (95% CI:2.478-48.805), P =0.002] were significantly associated with nurse's good knowledge of ACS. While having a master's degree [AOR=4.258, (95% CI:1.676-10.820), P=0.002] and getting in-service training [AOR= 1.902, (95% CI:1.022-3.539), P = 0.042] were significantly associated with nurse's good level of practice. In this study, nurses had inadequate knowledge and practice regarding the care of Acute Coronary Syndrome. Nurses' educational level, presence of clinical practice guidelines, and getting training were determinant factors associated with good knowledge and practice. Therefore, organizational and nursing educational support are needed to improve this gap by providing short- and long-term training, and updated evidence-based clinical practice guidelines should be available for all acute care nurses.