Good Level Of Practice Research Articles

IAFR Guidelines for best practice: Principles for radiographers and imaging practitioners providing forensic imaging services

• IAFR guidelines for radiographers, managers or planners • Provision of forensic imaging services Radiography for forensic purposes is a complex area of practice and the International Association of Forensic Radiographers (IAFR) is pleased to provide this guidance and advice document for Radiographers and Radiological Technologists involved in providing forensic imaging services. These guidelines were originally published as a collaboration between the IAFR and the College of Radiographers in the United Kingdom (UK), in 1998 [1] . As membership of the IAFR continues to grow internationally, these guidelines have now been updated to be more applicable outside the UK justice system [2] . The aim is that the principles outlined in these international 'best-practice' guidelines will be adapted by national professional bodies and relevant health and justice departments to suit local medico-legal systems within each country, and that departmental managers and employers should also find this document invaluable [3] . It is recognised that the level of best practice that can be achieved is dependent on local facilities and resources, as well as the expertise of the radiographer(s).

Ranking Q-Avalia da qualidade jornalística Brasil-Portugal 2018: uma avaliação experimental

A pesquisa realiza uma avaliação experimental de qualidade jornalística com foco em boas práticas de gestão editorial, que incorporem instrumentos de accountability e de transparência. A avaliação faz uma análise comparada de doze produções jornalísticas, seis brasileiras e seis portuguesas, de diferentes suportes. Ao final, são gerados dois rankings de avaliação – Absoluto e Proporcional - que relacionam as organizações segundo o nível de boas práticas incorporadas a sua gestão editorial. Quanto melhor o desempenho na avaliação, em tese, maior a credibilidade da produção avaliada. A avaliação é conduzida através do sistema Q-Avalia, em fase de desenvolvimento experimental, que operacionaliza, gerencia, armazena e gera relatórios das avaliações de qualidade editorial.

Optimization: an attempt to establish empirical evidence for theoretical and practical purposes

Optimal best practice is a central feat of human agency. It emphasizes a state of flourishing and reflects, in this case, the paradigm of positive psychology. One research inquiry that is of interest relates to an explanatory account of how a person reaches a state of optimal best. Recent research development has considered an important psychological process, known as optimization, which may explain a person’s achievement of optimal best practice. Having said this, very little is known about the process of optimization. In this article, the authors report on a non-experimental study (N = 352 secondary school students), which focused on the testing of a theoretical model of optimization. Innovatively, derived from existing theorizations and empirical evidence, the authors provide a methodological rationalization of flourishing, which is defined as a “quantitative difference” between a person’s current level of best practice (denoted as L1) and his/her optimal level of best practice (denoted as L2). Structural equation modeling (SEM) indicated a few major findings, for example, (i) a positive association between a person’s optimal best practice and his/her academic performance in a subject matter, (ii) a person’s current level of best practice acts as a determinant of optimal best practice, and (iii) personal resolve, as a psychological optimizing agent, directly influences optimal best practice, and potentially mediating the effects of academic striving and a person’s current level of best practice on optimal best practice.

EFFECTIVENESS OF CARDIAC HEALTH AWARENESS PROGRAM ON PRACTICES REGARDING PREVENTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CVD) AMONG PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN IN SELECTED AREAS OF BENGALURU

This study was aimed to assess effectiveness of cardiac health awareness program on practices regarding prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among premenopausal women in selected areas of Bengaluru. Methodology: Quasi experimental pretest posttest control group design was used. Non-probability purposive sampling technique to select 100 in each experimental and control group who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Pre-test was administered using self-reported checklist for control and experimental group. Cardiac health awareness program was administered to the experimental group. After seven days and three months of administration of Cardiac health awareness program post-test was conducted using the same self-reported checklist for both groups. Results: The findings of the study revealed that regarding pretest among experimental group during pretest 51 had poor level of practice, 49 had average level of practice and none had good level of knowledge on practice which was improved after intervention with majority posttest I and posttest II with majority 71 and 72 of the subjects had average level of practice, 29 and 25 has good level of practice and none in posttest I and 3 in posttest II had poor level of practice respectively. Among control group during pretest almost 54 had poor level of practices and there was no improvement found in posttest I and II. Calculated F value within experimental group was 131.985 whereas within control group was 1.2384. Unpaired t test between experimental and control group showed significant difference with t value 11.62 (p<0.0001) and 11.01 (p<0.0001) in posttestI and posttest II respectively revealing that there was significant difference between experimental group and control group. Thus, it proves that Cardiac health awareness program was effective. Conclusion: Cardiac health awareness program was effective in improving the practices among premenopausal women.

Analysis of the implementation level of best practices to facilitate the transition of young people with intellectual disabilities from childhood to adulthood in the Basque Country

Accessible summary The literature has identified practices that should be implemented by transitional educational programmes. We asked professionals in schools and visited three schools to identify if these best practices are being applied. Although these best practices are being realised partially, there are differences between the opinions of professionals and the practices of centres. The main differences are related to individualised planning, participation of families, and coordination between centres. AbstractBackgroundAlthough studies have long identified the practices that must be included in transition programmes to improve the outcomes for young people with intellectual disabilities when becoming adults, less information is available regarding the degree to which those best practices are being developed and/or implemented.Materials and methodsThis exploratory research assesses the implementation level of those best practices in a school programme to facilitate the transition to adult life in the Basque Country, Spain. The opinions of professionals were asked through an ad hoc questionnaire, and a case study of three schools was conducted through observation, documentation analysis, interviews and focus groups.Results and discussionThe professionals were found to have a positive opinion of the implementation degree of the best practices, except for the inclusion dimension. Although analysing the cases partially confirmed this opinion, contradictions emerge as these best practices cannot always be identified in the running of schools. The dimensions with major discrepancy are related to the individualised transition planning, family involvement and interagency collaboration.ConclusionDespite having identified best practices in all dimensions, delving deep into the professionals' understanding concerning best practices is crucial.

Assessment of knowledge and practice of pistachio farmers in terms of pistachio pesticide safety

Modern agricultural activities and more production, endanger the health of farmers, and food safety and may cause environmental pollution. In this study, we aimed to determine the knowledge and practice of Pistachio farmers in Kashmar in field of Pistachio pesticide safety. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 380 pistachio farmers of Kashmar and data were gathered using a researcher-made questionnaire. Finally, all data were analyzed by using Spearman and Pearson tests, Chi-Square and ANOVA tests on SPSS software (version 22.). The mean age of participants was 48.98 ± 14.12. According to the data in the field of safety during spraying, 41.6% of farmers had a low level of knowledge and 58.4% had a moderate level of knowledge. Also, 62.6% of farmers had an average practice level and 37.4% of them had good practice level. Spearman correlation test shows that there is a positive correlation between the level of knowledge and practice of participants (p < 0.001). Most of the farmers have inadequate knowledge about the risks of pesticides and often show high-risk behaviors during application. Training the farmers is highly recommended to increase their knowledge about pesticide safety and reduce the risks of pesticide exposure.

Factors influencing knowledge and practices for prevention of bovine tuberculosis amongst workers at Abattoir in Karachi

Present study was designed to investigate the level of knowledge and practices for prevention of Bovine Tuberculosis amongst workers at two abattoirs in Karachi. The Data was collected from the herdsman and abattoirs worker at two abattoirs namely City Abattoir Cattle Colony in Landhi and New Karachi slaughterhouse (kamailas) which were working under Karachi Municipal Corporation.120 abattoir workers were interviewed and information was obtained, while frequency counts, percentages and independent sample t-test were used to analyze data. Data indicates the ratio of respondent including herd man and abattoirs workers having no knowledge to those having knowledge was 85:15 Statistical analysis revealed that level of education is potential factor influencing risk of BTB zoonoses amongst abattoir workers Educated respondent were having twice higher knowledge than un educated (OR 0.454, 95% CI 0.236-0.872 P < 0.024).Educated workers demonstrated three time higher practices for preventive measures than non-educated (OR 0.607, 95% CI 0.335-1.102, P< 0.133). Despite having awareness amongst abattoirs worker there was lower level of good practices It was therefore concluded that along with launching awareness program from government organizations it must be ensure practical application of WHO and FAO guidelines for TB free world under one health program ending 2030. Keywords: Abattoir; Safety measures; Meat; Butchers http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2020.90155

Knowledge and Practice regarding Waste Management among Community People of Gokarneshwor Ward-05, Nepal

This descriptive study entitled “Knowledge and practice regarding waste management among community people of Gokarneshwor. The objective of this study is to assess the level of knowledge and practice regarding waste management among community people. A total number of 87 respondents were selected by using probability simple random sampling technique of lottery method. Sample size was 60 respondents from 60 household which were selected by using non probability purposive sampling technique from Prabhuram Colony ward-05, Gokarneshwor, Kathmandu. Data were collected by face to face interview by using semi structured interview schedule. The obtained data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Out of 60 respondents, 23.33% respondents were illiterate and half of the respondents were engaged in household work. Majority (86.70%) respondents answered waste as unwanted or unusable things. The study reveals that majority 98.30% of respondents had moderate level of knowledge on waste management whereas only 41.70% respondents had good practice level .The study concluded that majority respondent had moderate level of knowledge whereas majority of respondent had poor practice level .The study shows that there is no association between knowledge and practice. Different awareness and intervention program must be carried out in the community to improve the practice of people regarding waste management and to improve the waste management system.

Do sharia compliance affect Islamic Banks performance? Evidence from Islamic Banks in Indonesia

Sharia compliance is very important for Islamic financial institutions. This study has two objectives, namely to determine the level of sharia compliance in Islamic banks in Indonesia, as well as to prove whether the sharia compliance affects the performance of Islamic banks in Indonesia. To prove this, the researcher observed the annual report of 11 Islamic banks in Indonesia for the period 2012 to 2016. Sharia compliance is measured through the level of sharia governance in Islamic banks. Sharia governance instruments used refer to Hasan (2011). While the performance of Islamic banks is measured by ROA and ROE. Content analysis is used to identify sharia governance disclosures in annual reports. The study revealed that, on average the level of sharia compliance of Islamic bank in Indonesia is at the level of best practice. While the results of statistical tests prove that there is no significant effect sharia compliance on the performance of Islamic banks both measured by ROA and ROE.

Food safety knowledge and self-reported practices among adolescents in rural secondary schools in Nigeria.

Severe foodborne disease outbreaks have occurred in different continents of the globe in recent decades, particularly due to ineffective food laws, regulatory systems and inadequate food handling knowledge among food handlers and consumers. The purpose of the present study was to assess the food safety knowledge and practices among secondary school students in rural parts of Kogi State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study using self-administered questionnaires was carried out between October and December, 2017. The study was carried out in two public secondary schools located in a rural area in Kogi State, North-central Nigeria. All consenting students in both schools were recruited for the study. Descriptive analysis and chi-square (χ2) tests were carried out using Statistical Package for Service Solutions v.20. A total of 259 out of 300 survey questionnaires were completed and returned (86.33%). The mean age of the study participants was 15.9 ± 2.5 years. There were more males than females (55.2%, n = 143). The mean percent knowledge score was 75.79%. The mean percent practice score was 82.48%. More than half (n = 143, 55.2%) respondents had a good knowledge level, and 54.4% (n = 141) had a good practice level. A significant association was found only between food hygiene knowledge and mothers' education (χ2 = 9.49, p = 0.023). The overall food safety knowledge and practice among the secondary school students surveyed was good. Targeted educational interventions on food safety can be made to improve knowledge and practice of food hygiene among students.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Eye Problems among Older People in Central Tropical Region, Naypyitaw Union Territory, Myanmar

Purpose:Vision is essential one and it is proximately linked with their quality of life. In the meantime, older populations are increasing rapidly in the whole world and thus, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, cataract and diabetic retinopathy are becoming common. Hot and dusty environment, inadequate access to water and poor facial hygiene are risk factors for blindness. Design: Lewe Township was purposively selected due to its high prevalent on eye problems. This cross-sectional study was conducted and simple random sampling was applied to achieve desired sample size. The structured questionnaires were used to collect data including screening of eye problems from 414 older population. Frequency, percentage, mean, SD and other descriptive analysis were determined and chi-square test for associations was constructed. Findings: Cataract was the highest prevalence rate with 40.8% followed by refractive error (27.3%) and pterygium (12.8%) among older people population in research area. While knowledge level indicated good level (88.4%), good attitude level (21.3%) and good practice level (27.1%) were noticeably low among older people. In the meantime, there were significantly associations between age (p=0.003) and education level (p=0.001) with knowledge level of older people while age (p=0.001), education level (p=&lt;0.001), occupation (p=0.038) showed statistically association with attitude level. Originality:The study noticed that higher prevalence of eye problems while relatively poor level of eye care seeking practice and unawareness on risk factors in targeted community. Knowledge and awareness for changing attitude about eye problems, eye care seeking behavior and preventive practices should be accomplished more.

Performance Management System of a Security Agency in the Philippines

The human asset is for the most part acclaimed as the most significant asset. It is through the human asset that an organization can make the most advising commitment to its aggressive edge and eventually, its main concern gainfulness or acknowledgment of its destinations. The study determined the performance management practices of a Security Agency in Cebu, Philippines. The study used a descriptive correlational design. The respondents were the 131 respondents consisted of security guards, security officers, head guards, and shifts-in-charge. They were advised to answer the researcher-made questionnaire. The accumulated information was investigated utilizing recurrence, straightforward rate, weighted mean, and Chi-square trial of autonomy. The discoveries uncovered that most of the respondents assessed that performance management was highly practiced as to commitment and target setting, performance appraisal, monitoring and evaluation, and developmental intervention. It was concluded that the level of best practices and administration of performance management practices is highly practiced as managers continuously conduct monitoring on their plans and actions in order to maintain effectiveness and efficiency in carrying out the functions of the management. The researchers recommend the adoption and implementation of the proposed performance management system manual.

A study on awareness and practice regarding standard precautions of infection control and bio-medical waste management among nursing staffs of BGS global institute of medical sciences and hospital, Bengaluru

Introduction: Standard precautions are meant to reduce the risk of transmission of blood-borne and other pathogens from both recognized and unrecognized sources. They are the basic level of infection control precautions, which are to be used, as a minimum, in the care of all patients. This study aims at assessing the knowledge and practice of nursing staff about Standard Precautions.Objectives: To assess the level of awareness and practice of standard precautions for infection control among nursing staff. To find association between knowledge and practice of nursing staff regarding standard precautions and selected base line variables.Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted at BGS GIMS by universal sampling method during the month of October 2018. A self-administered questionnaire consisting of 3 sections, socio-demographic data, knowledge and practice was given to each of the participants. A total of 45 questions were included.Results: The study was conducted on 104 nursing staff working at BGSGIMS Hospital.In the study population it was found that only 20% had good knowledge on standard precautions. And only 33% of the study population had good level of practice of standard precautions. Among the study population who had received training regarding standard precautions, only 27.3% had good knowledge on standard precautions.Conclusion: This study highlights inadequate knowledge about awareness and practice of standard precautions and about the spread of hospital acquired infections. Training in standard precautions to be imparted in all categories of staff in the hospital.

Achieving optimal best practice: An inquiry into its nature and characteristics.

The study of optimal best practice within the context of academia has produced both empirical and theoretical contributions. Optimal best practice, also coined as optimal functioning, is concerned with a person’s personal best–that is, “what is the best that I can do for this academic subject?” Research in the social sciences has, to date, explored different types of optimal best–physical, cognitive, emotional, and social. What is of considerable interest, as a related matter, is a question of how a person reaches and experiences a level of optimal best practice. Recent research development, for example, has explored various conceptualizations of optimal best practice–for example, one distinctive theoretical model, the Framework of Achievement Bests [1, 2], makes a concerted effort to explore the underlying process of optimization–that is, in this case, how an optimal level of best practice is achieved.The present study, as detailed below, investigates via means of non-experimental data a theoretical model pertaining to the achievement of optimal best practice. This examination, we postulate, would enable us to add clarity and provide additional theoretical insights the operational nature of the process of optimization. The operational nature of optimization, as described in our recent research [1, 3], emphasizes three major tenets: (i) the main sources of a person’s optimal best practice, (ii) the potential ‘optimizing’ influences of three comparable agencies on the achievement of optimal best practice (i.e., personal resolve, social relationship, and personal self-efficacy), and (iii) the impact of optimal best practice on future adaptive outcomes (i.e., academic striving and personal well-being). We explored this topic via means of the use of a non-experimental, correlational design with participants drawn from Taiwanese university students (N = 1010). Structural equation modelling (SEM) produced evidence, which empirically supported existing research [1, 3] and substantiated our knowledge of the concept of optimal best practice.Evidence established from the present study has also assisted us to identify one pervasive issue, which we call for further research development–namely, to consider, design, and develop an appropriate methodological approach that would enable researchers to accurately measure and assess the process of optimization. Finally, in terms of teaching and learning, we acknowledge that our research investigation has provided some insights into potential educational practices for implementation.

Assessment of Knowledge and Practices of Standard Precaution against Blood Borne Pathogens among Doctors and Nurses at Adult Emergency Room in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background Standard precautions are infection control techniques against pathogenic microorganisms that are present in human blood and can cause disease in humans. Objective This study aims to assess knowledge and practice of standard precautions against blood borne pathogens among doctors and nurses in adult emergency room, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods Institutional based cross sectional study was conducted from February to March 2018. A total of 128 study participants selected from four public hospitals were enrolled in this study. Data were collected using standardized pretested questionnaire and thencoded, entered, checked for completeness, and analyzed using SPSS version-23 statisticalsoftware. Chi-square test was used to measure the association between variables. P values <0.05 were taken as statistically significant. Result The mean knowledge score of standard precaution measures was 10.3 out of 14 knowledge items. Out of 32 doctors, 93.8% (n=30) have good knowledge and out of 91 nurses, 86.8% (n=79) have good knowledge. The mean practice level of the study subjects was 8.5 out of 12 practice items. Majority (73.6%) of nurses have good practice level than doctors (21.8%). Knowledge level was significantly associated with the presence of infection control officer, infection control guideline, and washing hands before touching patients. Profession, training, and the presence of infection control guideline in emergency room were significantly associated with practice level of respondents (P<0.05). Conclusion Both nurses and doctors have good knowledge of standard precaution measures. However, nurses have better practice level than doctors. Orientation during employment and continuous training programs should be provided for the newly employed health workers. In addition sustainable supply systems should be available in each hospital management.

A KAP study on snakebite and its management among medical interns in a tertiary care medical college and hospital in Trivandrum district, Kerala

Background: Snake bite is considered as one of the most significant health related problems throughout the world. According to the WHO, a snake bite is an important medical problem. It has been a neglected extrinsic injury in tropical and sub-tropical developing countries including India. It has been estimated that every year there are almost 83,000 snake bites and 11,000 deaths due to snake bites in India. The Goal of this study is to access knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) among interns so as to find out gaps in academics and bridge them. Findings of this study will benefit community at large.Methods: An institutional based cross sectional study was conducted for the entire batch of interns in a tertiary care center in Trivandrum, Kerala, South India during June–September 2018. A non-probability sampling was done. Data was collected by self-administered questionnaire.Results: Among 100 students 48% had a score equal to and above 8 which was taken as good level of knowledge and 52% had poor level of knowledge. Attitude towards management of snake bite was 100% among study subjects. Only 35% of students had median score above 4 as good level of practice and remaining 65% had poor level of practice.Conclusions: Respondents have adequate knowledge on snake bites. They discarded various prevailing myths in society. Although study showed adequate attitude towards management, that was not reflected in practice. This gap can be overcome by teaching in simulated environment, so as to make them competent enough for managing snake bites.

Nurses Performance Regarding Fluid, Electrolytes and Acid Base Imbalances for Neonates and Pediatrics at Pediatric Hospital Assiut University

Abstract Background: Aim of the study was to assess the nurses' performance regarding fluid, electrolytes and acid base imbalances for pediatrics and neonates. Research design: A descriptive research design was used. Setting this study was carried out in the paediatric and neonate intensive care at Assuit university paediatric hospital .Study sample consisted of all available nursing staff (130) nurses above mentioned setting.Tools were utilized for data collection: First tool nurses knowledge assessment tool, Second tool Nurses practice assessment tool. Results: The result of this study found that the majority of studied nurses were at the age group of 25 to < 30, females, married, and 58.5% were secondary school of nursing. Nearly half (47.7%) of studied nurses were having poor level of knowledge regarding fluid, electrolytes and acid base imbalances, and more than half(69.2%) of studied nurses have good level of performance, there were statistically significant difference between knowledge and practice of studied nurses regarding fluid, electrolytes and acid base imbalances. Conclusion: The general score of nurse poor level of knowledge and good level of practice regarding fluid, electrolytes, and acid base imbalances. Recommendations Provide in-service training programs for nurses to improve their performance regarding fluid, electrolytes and acid base imbalances.

Best Practices in the Management of Central Vascular Access Devices: An Observational Study in Areas With a High Prevalence of Trained Nurses.

Since 2009, the Department of Continuing Education at the Orthopedic and Trauma Center Hospital in Turin, Italy, has provided a training course for nurses in the management of central vascular access devices (CVADs). The course focuses on dressing and flushing procedures, as well as compliance with other CVAD guidelines. An observational study was conducted among nurses to determine the level of best practices in areas with a high prevalence of nurses trained in the management of CVADs. A correlation was observed between best practices and having attended the course, but other variables also influenced best practices.

Knowledge, attitude and practice of municipal solid waste management among highland residents in Northern Thailand

Purpose Chiang Rai is the northernmost province of Thailand. Municipal solid wastes (MSWs) was generated 430,828.2 ton/y in this area; however, only 24 percent of waste was properly disposed, and 43 percent of waste was properly managed. The purpose of this paper is to explore knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of highland residents in order to provide a basis for the development of waste management in the study area. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional study was conducted in Mae Fah Luang district, Thailand, from November 2016 to January 2017. A random sample of 451 respondents constituted the study population. Data were gathered using a structured questionnaire. Pearson Correlation and χ2 were applied to identify the association among variables. Findings Overall, 73 percent of respondents had high level of knowledge; 85 percent of respondents showed neutral attitude; and 59 percent of respondents performed moderate practice on MSW management. The results highlighted that age and education levels were statistically significant associated with KAP levels on MSW management at (p=0.05). Originality/value The respondents who have good knowledge also have a good level of practice; and those who have good attitude also have a good level of practice. Socio-demographic factors and suitable way to promote an effective MSW management should be considered.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Family Planning Among Women of Reproductive Age in Suva, Fiji in 2017

Objective: This study aims to identify the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices of family planning among women of reproductive age in Suva, Fiji in 2017. Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire among women of reproductive age who attended three designated health clinics around Suva, Fiji from 15th March to 28th April 2017 was used. Using random sampling, those who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study were asked to fill a questionnaire survey. Once the data was collected, it was analyzed with SPSS. Results: About 325 women participated in the study with the mean age of 31.53(± 7.35). Less than half (148 or 45.5 %) of the participants had a good level of knowledge towards family planning whereas 178 (53.5%) of them had a moderate level of knowledge of family planning. An overwhelming majority of the participants (176 or 54.2%) had high level of attitudes towards family planning. Only 3% of the respondents showed poor level of attitude towards family planning. With regards to practice, the participants showed a poor level of practice of family planning at 80 (24.6%) whereas those with good level of practice of family planning constituted only 31 (9.5%). Conclusion: This study provides a useful source of empirical information to policy makers to achieve the desired goals in family planning. These findings of the study will help health care providers promote family planning in Fiji.