Levels Of Fructooligosaccharide Research Articles

Performance and Gastrointestinal Tract Metabolism of Turkeys Fed Diets with Different Contents of Fructooligosaccharides

Different levelsof dietary fructooligosaccharide (FOS) administered for 8 wk to commercial male turkeys were evaluated for their efficacy on performance and physiological response in the digestive tract. Special attention was paid to cecal metabolism. The following levels of FOS were used in a diet: 0.5, 1, and 2%. After 8 wk of experimental feeding, the diet intake, body weight, and feed efficiency ratio were similar in all groups examined. The pH of ileal and cecal contents were reduced by dietary treatments, especially when 2% of dietary FOS was used. The highest ammonia and Lowry's protein concentrations were associated with elevated amounts of FOS preparation in a diet (1 and 2%). Bacterial enzyme activity remained statistically unaffected by experimental treatments; however, a slight beneficial decrease in the activity of β-glucosidase and β-glucuronidase was observed after ingestion of the FOS preparation. The addition of FOS to a diet did not affect short-chain fatty acid concentration but gave greater short-chain fatty acid pool in the ceca of turkeys, especially in the case of the highest dose of FOS.

Efeito do teor de soro, açúcar e de frutooligossacarídeos sobre a população de bactérias lácticas probióticas em bebidas fermentadas

Nos ultimos anos tem havido muito interesse por produtos alimenticios de baixas calorias e probioticos. A incorporacao de Lactobacillus acidophilus e Bifidobacterium em bebidas fermentadas pode resultar em um produto lacteo com extraordinario valor terapeutico e eficaz reducao calorica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o efeito do teor de soro, acucar e de frutooligossacarideos sobre a populacao de bacterias lacticas de doze formulacoes de bebidas fermentadas. Foram determinadas as populacoes de Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, Bifidobacterium e Lactobacillus acidophilus. As maiores populacoes de microrganismos probioticos foram observadas nas bebidas com mais baixa acidez e elevado teor de solidos, alem de haver predominância do Streptococcus thermophilus sobre os demais microrganismos. As amostras atenderam a legislacao brasileira em vigor, independente das formulacoes, pela presenca de no minimo 10(6) UFC/mL de bacterias lacticas. As bebidas lacteas formuladas podem ser consideradas probioticas pelas contagens elevadas de Bifidobacterium spp. e Lactobacillus acidophilus

In Vitro Investigation into the Potential Prebiotic Activity of Honey Oligosaccharides

The effect of honey oligosaccharides on the growth of fecal bacteria was studied using an in vitro fermentation system. Prior to treatment, glucose and fructose (31.73 and 21.41 g/100 g of product, respectively) present in honey, which would be digested in the upper gut, were removed to avoid any influence on bacterial populations in the fermentations. Nanofiltration, yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) treatment, and adsorption onto activated charcoal were used to remove monosaccharides. Prebiotic (microbial fermentation) activities of the three honey oligosaccharide fractions and the honey sample were studied and compared with fructooligosaccharide (FOS), using 1% (w/v) fecal bacteria in an in vitro fermentation system (10 mg of carbohydrate, 1.0 mL of basal medium). A prebiotic index (PI) was calculated for each carbohydrate source. Honey oligosaccharides seem to present potential prebiotic activity (PI values between 3.38 and 4.24), increasing the populations of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, although not to the levels of FOS (PI of 6.89).

The effects of added fructooligosaccharide (Raftilose ®P95) and inulinase on faecal quality and digestibility in dogs

A 3×2 factorial experiment was designed to examine the effects of dietary fructooligosaccharides (FOS) level, and the presence or absence of an enzyme (inulinase), on aspects of faecal quality and apparent coefficients of nutrient digestibility in dogs. Three extruded dry diets based on wheat, pearl barley and wheat by-products were formulated to contain (dry matter basis) 1.75 g/kg (Diet A), 4.7 g/kg (Diet B) and 61.7 g/kg (Diet C) FOS. The FOS content of Diets B and C was achieved by adding 30 and 60 g/kg (DM) Raftilose ®P95, a commercial FOS product. The addition of inulinase (500 ml (1.2×10 6 U) per tonne) was examined for each diet to counteract any potentially negative effects of added FOS on faecal quality and digestibility, and was sprayed onto the diet at feeding at a level of 500 ml per tonne of food. The experiment lasted 13 days with faecal collections occurring on the final 5 days. Measurements taken were: faecal score (one indicating hard faeces, five indicating diarrhoea), coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility (CATTD), faecal pH, and volatile fatty acids (VFA) and lactate concentrations. The CATTD for fat and energy decreased with greater levels of dietary FOS. Increased levels of FOS decreased ( P<0.05) faecal pH and the content of dry matter (DM) in the faeces and also increased ( P<0.05) the faecal score, although this remained in the ‘ideal’ range of 1.5–2.5. Addition of inulinase increased ( P<0.05) the faecal pH. Faecal lactate concentrations increased with greater levels of FOS ( P<0.05; 84.9 versus 142.5 versus 288.7 mmol/kg faeces DM for Diets A, B and C, respectively), suggesting that the growth and (or) activity of lactate-producing bacteria in the colon were enhanced. Higher levels of FOS in an extruded dog food caused faeces to become wetter and more acidic, and consequently the number of dogs that had unacceptable faecal scores increased. However, and at the highest dietary FOS level (61.7 g/kg DM), inulinase caused significantly drier faeces and increased the number of dogs within the ‘ideal’ range of faecal score.

Effects of fructooligosaccharides on the absorption of iron, calcium and magnesium in iron-deficient anemic rats.

We investigated the effects of fructooligosaccharides (FO)-feeding on the absorption of iron (Fe), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) and on the biochemical parameters in Fe-deficient anemic rats. Fe-deficient anemic rats were made by feeding an Fe-deficient diet for 3 weeks. Then these Fe-deficient rats were fed an experimental diet that contained one of two levels of Fe (15 or 30 mg/kg diet), in the form of ferric pyrophosphate, and one of two levels of FO (0 or 50 g/kg diet) for 2 weeks. After the rats were fed these experimental diets, FO-feeding increased the hematocrit ratio, the concentration of hemoglobin and the hemoglobin regeneration efficiency during the first week. Also, the apparent absorption of Fe was increased by FO-feeding. The levels of Fe in the diet did not affect the absorption of Ca and Mg. However, FO-feeding increased the absorption of Ca and Mg. FO-feeding lowered the pH and raised the solubility of Fe, Ca and Mg in the cecal contents, suggesting that those increasing effects of FO-feeding on absorption of these minerals is correlated with fermentation of FO in the large intestine, namely, the cecum and colon. We concluded that FO-feeding improved recovery from anemia and increased the absorption of Fe, Ca and Mg in Fe-deficient anemic rats.