This paper focuses on the design of recovery strategies that have been developed to give the No. 4 Electronic Switching System (ESS) the necessary high level of fault tolerance. Reliability and availability are the key watchwords to operational integrity in the No. 4 ESS. It is the world's largest toll and tandem switching system, capable of handling 616,000 call attempts per hour, and serving up to 100,000 active terminations. With a downtime objective of less than two hours in 40 years, the No. 4 ESS must be designed to be very fault tolerant viewed from the caller's perspective.