Levels Of Emotional Exhaustion Research Articles

Определение группы риска профессионального выгорания для преподавателей высшей школы

The level of professional emotional burnout of teachers of higher education was studied to identify those most at risk. The technique of K. Maslach and S. Jackson was used, as well as an integral indicator — a systemic index of burnout syndrome. Statistical methods for processing the observation results were used. The sample consisted of 60 people (teachers from two universities in Smolensk: Smolensk State University — 30 people and Smolensk State Medical University — 30 people). The samples of the two universities did not differ significantly in terms of age, length of service, and gender. The study period is April–July 2022. As a result of the study, it was found that, in general, the level of professional burnout of city teachers is average. According to the scales of professional burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, reduction of personal achievements), there are some differences between universities. So the level of depersonalization of the teaching staff of the medical university is low. A correlation analysis of the levels of professional burnout scales based on the signs: gender, age and length of service were carried out. It has been established that the level of emotional exhaustion of higher school teachers depends on gender: men are more likely to have high and medium levels compared to women. Models for determining risk groups for professional burnout have been developed. The risk of professional burnout according to the depersonalization scale is characteristic of men under the age of 50 and less than 10 years of work experience. This category of faculty is recommended to be allocated to the risk group of professional burnout in order to carry out further measures to prevent and reduce it.

Temporal development of student burnout symptoms: Sociodemographic differences and linkage to university dropout intentions

Considering the demanding higher education context, university students are at risk to experience burnout symptoms such as emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and reduced professional efficacy. Theoretical models (e.g., Job Demands-Resources Model) state that burnout symptoms develop over time, vary between individuals, and bear adverse consequences. To date, the temporal development of student burnout symptoms within semesters, inter-individual differences in their development, and the role of their development for academic outcomes like student dropout are understudied. To complement this limited research, we used date of a three-wave longitudinal study with N = 1435 undergraduate students over one semester. First, we modeled unconditional second-order latent growth curves to examine the initial levels and trajectories of each burnout symptom (emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and reduced professional efficacy). We then modeled conditional second-order latent growth curves to examine whether initial levels and trajectories differed depending on students’ sociodemographic characteristics (gender, age, study progress, and academic major) and associated with students’ intentions to drop out from university. Results indicated a linear increase in student burnout symptoms over the semester. Sociodemographic differences existed in the initial levels of emotional exhaustion and reduced professional efficacy and the trajectories of each symptom. Generally, female, STEM, and higher- and lower- semester students were particularly affected by burnout symptoms. Further, higher initial levels and an increase in each symptom corresponded with higher dropout intentions. Summarizing, the results highlighted that student burnout symptoms increase as the semester progresses, seem more pronounced among certain student groups, and operate as strong predictors for dropout intentions.

Assessing Job Burnout Status in Front-line Healthcare Providers at Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences During the COVID-19 Epidemic in 2022

Background: The COVID-19 epidemic was a biological disaster that may cause or exacerbate burnout in healthcare professionals (HCPs). Our goal was to determine the impact of the long-term COVID-19 epidemic on burnout in front-line healthcare workers and the factors affecting it. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional survey on front-line HCPs’ job burnout based on an online platform was conducted at Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. The demographic characteristics, medical-work-related factors, and COVID-19 exposure were collected by the self-reported Farsi version of the Maslach burnout inventory questionnaire. Results: Out of 2100 sent questionnaires, 924 participants completed them (44% response rate) of which 280 were male (30.3%). Overall, 850(92%) respondents had a high level of emotional exhaustion, 872(94.4%) had a high level of depersonalization, and 112(12.1%) had a high reduced personal accomplishment. There was a significant relation between higher burnout levels with higher education levels, working in hospitals as clinical staff, and pre-hospital operational personnel as well as having direct contact with a significant number of COVID-19 Patients. A significant number of participants (94.2%) were in severe and moderate burnout levels. Conclusion: There was a significant increase in job burnout among front-line HCPs during the COVID-19 epidemic compared to former similar studies at the beginning of the epidemic and non-epidemic periods. It is recommended that in disaster management planning, especially in long-standing ones like COVID-19, the proper programs should be considered for increasing the resilience of HCPs.

High-level burnout in physicians and nurses working in adult ICUs: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The prevalence of burnout in intensive care unit (ICU) professionals is difficult to establish due to the variety of survey instruments used, the heterogeneity of the targeted population, the design of the studies, and the differences among countries regarding ICU organization. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the prevalence of high-level burnout in physicians and nurses working in adult ICUs, including only studies that use the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) as a tool to evaluate burnout and involving at least 3 different ICUs. Twenty-five studies with a combined population of 20,723 healthcare workers from adult ICUs satisfied the inclusion criteria. Combining 18 studies including 8187 ICU physicians, 3660 of them reported a high level of burnout (prevalence 0.41, range 0.15-0.71, 95% CI [0.33; 0.5], I2 97.6%, 95% CI [96.9%; 98.1%]). The heterogeneity can be at least in part explained by the definition of burnout used and the response rate as confirmed by the multivariable metaregression done. In contrast, there was no significant difference regarding other factors such as the study period (before or during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic), the income of the countries, or the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) index. Combining 20 studies including 12,536 ICU nurses, 6232 of nurses were reporting burnout (prevalence 0.44, range 0.14-0.74, [95% CI 0.34; 0.55], I2 98.6% 95% CI [98.4%; 98.9%]). The prevalence of high-level burnout in ICU nurses for studies performed during the COVID-19 pandemic was higher than that reported for studies performed before the COVID-19 pandemic (0.61 [95% CI, 0.46; 0.75] and 0.37 [95% CI, 0.26; 0.49] respectively, p = 0.003). As for physicians, the heterogeneity is at least in part explained by the definition used for burnout using the MBI but not by the number of participants. When compared, the prevalence of high-level burnout was not different between ICU physicians and ICU nurses. However, the proportion of ICU nurses with a high level of emotional exhaustion was higher than for ICU physicians (0.42 [95% CI, 0.37; 0.48] and 0.28 [0.2; 0.39], respectively, p = 0.022). According to this meta-analysis, the prevalence of high-level burnout is higher than 40% in all ICU professionals. However, there is a great heterogeneity in the results. To evaluate and to compare preventive and therapeutic strategies, there is the need to use a consensual definition of burnout when using the MBI instrument.

Mental health trajectories of Brazilian health workers during two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021).

This study aimed to: (a) monitor the progression of symptoms of mental health burden among frontline workers caring for COVID-19 patients in Brazil during the two waves of the pandemic, considering the number of new cases and deaths, and; (b) to verify the different mental health outcomes and potential associations with current burnout symptoms. A non-probabilistic sample of health professionals was assessed as the pandemic progressed in Brazil (May/2020 August/2021). Standardized instruments focusing on anxiety, depression, insomnia, post-traumatic stress, and burnout symptoms were applied online. The results indicate a decrease in anxiety levels, what was related to when the number of new cases declined (end 1th-wave); symptoms returned to higher levels later. Emotional exhaustion increased when there was a higher incidence of cases, returning to the baseline levels at the end of the second wave. Depersonalization symptoms increased in this phase, characterized by a further decrease in new cases, while professional accomplishment decreased during the follow-up. The highest number of new cases was associated with a higher frequency of anxiety (OR = 1.467;95%CI = 1.109-1.941; p = 0.007) and professional accomplishment (OR = 1.490;95%CI = 1.098-2.023; p = 0.011). The subjects with trajectory of resilience against anxiety presented the lowest level of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization (p < 0.05). The conclusion is that the pressure experienced by healthcare professionals throughout the pandemic caused different impacts on their mental health, emphasizing the dynamic nature of this condition and the need for constant monitoring and care. This finding directly affects mental health prevention and intervention measures, which remain a priority and require continuous reinforcement, especially among the most vulnerable groups.

Physician burnout and symptom of anxiety and depression: Burnout in Consultant Doctors in Ireland Study (BICDIS).

Burnout is a work related syndrome comprising three major dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and reduced professional efficacy. It is recognised that burnout may be associated with psychopathological sequelae, such as symptoms of anxiety and depression. This study aimed to examine the relationship between burnout and symptoms of depression and anxiety in senior doctors in Ireland. We examined personality traits as a mediating factor on burnout, in relation to work related stress among the participants. This study was a national cross sectional survey of consultants. Data included basic demographic data, work-related data, burnout as measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory, personality traits, and symptoms of depression and anxiety from the Depressive Anxiety Stress Scale [DASS]. Results were obtained from 477 consultants, yielding a response rate 21.9%. Nearly half (42%) reported high burnout levels. Over one-quarter (25.8%) screened positive for depression and 13.8% for anxiety. After controlling for gender and age, depressive symptoms were associated with high levels of emotional exhaustion (p<0.001) and a higher clinical workload, and stress with cynicism and reduced professional efficacy (p<0.001). The this study reported a high level of work-related burnout, associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety in senior doctors. This is concerning, and strategies are required that consider the relationship between symptoms of depression/anxiety and burnout. Further research to evaluate strategies to ensure physician wellbeing and optimal delivery of patient care are required to address this serious problem.

The Burnout and Professional Deformation of Latvian Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic at the Traumatology and Orthopaedics Hospital

The COVID-19 pandemic is a global health crisis, which has created an additional burden on the healthcare system and has caused enormous stress and emotional burnout among healthcare workers (HCWs). The purpose of the study is to investigate the phenomena of emotional burnout and the professional deformation of HCWs. The emotional burnout phenomenon of the HCWs was studied using the Maslach Burnout Inventory–Human Services Survey. In addition, the Professional Deformation Survey, based on scientific literature and research works, was developed. The survey consisted of 4 subscales distinguishing: aggression, authoritarianism, demonstrativeness, and conservatism. The survey results showed a high level of emotional exhaustion, a medium level of depersonalization, and a low level of personal achievement reduction. The Professional Deformation Survey showed good reliability for the whole sample in all four subscales. Results of the professional deformation study revealed that 29% of respondents manifest aggression while performing their professional activities. Authoritarianism can be observed in 18% of respondents, demonstrativeness in—31%, and professional deformation manifested as conservatism in—22% of HCWs. Data obtained on burnout and the professional deformation of the HCWs proves that the healthcare system and health organizations have reason to be concerned about the mental well-being of HCWs and the quality of healthcare service provision.

Characteristics and influencing factors of early childhood teachers' work stress and burnout: A comparative study between China, Ghana, and Pakistan.

Many studies have documented the stress and burnout experienced by early childhood teachers. However, few have focused on comparisons among countries, particularly developing ones. Meanwhile, female teachers, who are more sensitive and tend to provide emotional responses, are often overlooked as a major force of emotional involvement. This study examined the similarities and differences of early childhood teachers' stress, burnout, and gender in China, Ghana, and Pakistan. This study adopted a cross-sectional design. The participants included 945 preschool and lower primary school teachers recruited from Zhejiang Province in China, the Ashanti Region in Ghana, and Punjab, Pakistan. The analyses were conducted using structural equation modeling. First, the study estimated all parameters separately and without constraints between the groups for all models. Second, the study compared the latent mean difference and of stressors and burnout between teachers' personal and job characteristics. Third, a structural equation model was used to assess the relationship between teachers' stressors and burnout. Across the three countries, female teachers are more stressed out, with higher emotional demands and work-family conflicts, and are more prone to burnout with a greater level of emotional exhaustion and a lower level of personal accomplishments than their male counterparts are. Moreover, Chinese teachers were found to be the most stressed-out group with the highest level of burnout. In comparison to teachers in China and Pakistan, early childhood teachers in Ghana possess the lowest level of emotional demands. With the lowest level of emotional exhaustion and the highest level of personal accomplishments, Pakistani teachers were unlikely to experience burnout. This study comparatively analyzed the characteristics of stress and burnout among ECTs in different cultural settings and educational systems in three developing countries (China, Ghana, and Pakistan), and revealed workplace characteristics and circumstances for ECTs. In addition, this study takes gender as the main influencing factor and explores its effect on ECTs' stress and burnout, and it highlights and verifies "emotionality" in ECTs' profession. As a result, policymakers and stakeholders in different countries may be encouraged to improve ECE quality and the well-being of ECTs.

Burnout, Organizational Justice, Workload, and Emotional Regulation among Medical and Non-Medical Personnel Working in Romanian Healthcare Units.

The goal of this study was to evaluate the levels of organizational justice, emotional regulation, and workload associated with the level of burnout experienced in medical and non-medical staff from public and private medical units. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 230 healthcare professionals, including 139 medical personnel and 91 non-medical staff respondents. The collected socio-demographic and organizational data and psychological tools were the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI HSS), the ECO System, and the emotional regulation questionnaire (ERQ). For medical staff, burnout was measured in terms of emotional exhaustion (M = 27.05 ± 12.34), depersonalization (M = 8.26 ± 3.95), and personal accomplishment (M = 47.35 ± 6.78). The scores for non-medical staff were emotional exhaustion (M = 35.84 ± 14.71), depersonalization (M = 11.79 ± 6.30), and personal accomplishment (M = 44 ± 7.37). In terms of workload, higher scores were observed for non-medical staff (M = 25.43 ± 7.87), while medical staff recorded lower values (M = 20.35 ± 7.65). The scores for the cognitive reappraisal dimension were as follows: medical personnel (M = 32.02 ± 5.37) and non-medical staff (M = 31.67 ± 6.19). In terms of the expressive suppression dimension, medical staff registered at M = 17.99 ± 5.61, and non-medical staff registered at M = 17.19 ± 5.53. For organizational justice, higher scores were registered for medical staff (M = 25.87 ± 6.02) and lower scores for non-medical staff (M = 21.34 ± 5.72). Medical staff felt a higher sense of organizational justice than non-medical staff, as is also evidenced by the level of the workload dimension, which registers higher values for non-medical personnel. In the case of burnout, higher levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization dimensions were also revealed for non-medical staff and, in the case of the professional fulfillment dimension, higher scores were registered for medical staff.

Daily receiving and providing of social support at work: identifying support exchange patterns in hierarchical data

ABSTRACT The norm of reciprocity proposes that one who receives support feels obliged to return obtained benefits. Yet how employees regulate the mutual flow of social support with one another does not always follow a reciprocal dynamic, which may have different implications for employee outcomes based on whether social exchanges gain, drain or conserve resources. To better understand support exchange patterns and their relationship with basic need satisfaction (for autonomy, competence and relatedness) and emotional exhaustion in employees’ daily lives, we performed a multilevel latent profile analysis (N = 124 employees, 894 days). At the day level, we identified four support exchange profiles differing in low vs high received and provided social support (i.e., low-reciprocating, under-reciprocating, over-reciprocating and high-reciprocating days). At the person level, we identified three support exchange classes of employees, differing in the degree to which employees showed certain support exchange profiles over time (i.e., over-reciprocators, low-reciprocators and high-reciprocators). Pairwise comparisons with multinomial logistic regression revealed that over-reciprocating days were associated with the highest levels of need satisfaction for autonomy and relatedness and the lowest levels of emotional exhaustion. Moreover, over-reciprocators were most likely to satisfy their needs for autonomy. We discuss theoretical and practical contributions of our findings.

Compassion and burnout syndrome in medical students from the Colombian Caribbean coast

IntroductionCompassion is expected to be a characteristic present in medical students, since it is a key element in subsequent professional practice (Blanco et al., 2021). However, during the degree, students go through various demands that can generate burnout syndrome (Amor et al., 2020) and as a consequence a decrease in compassion. In this sense, it is important to provide empirical evidence on the possible relationship between these two constructs, in order to generate support that allows the implementation of mental health promotion strategies.ObjectivesAnalyze the relationship between compassion and burnout syndrome in medical students.MethodsThis study was done through a cross-sectional study of correlational scope in 250 medical students. The Compassion Scales developed by Gilbert (Gilbert et al., 2017) were used; they assess three general factors (Self-compassion, Compassion for others, and Compassion from others), However, in this study, we used only the self-compassion and compassion for others scales.ResultsThe results revealed a statistically significant, positive correlation between personal accomplishment and self-compassion. In the case of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, significant associations were also found with self-compassion and compassion for others, but of a negative magnitude (Table 1).Image:ConclusionsIt was concluded that the higher the levels of self-compassion of the medical students evaluated, the greater their personal fulfillment. On the other hand, the lower the levels of self-compassion and compassion for others, the higher levels of depersonalization and emotional exhaustion were found in medical studentsDisclosure of InterestNone Declared

Coping Strategies and Relationship with Burnout among Residents in Thailand

Introduction Burnout is prevalent in residents and coping is one of the important modifying factors. Objectives This study aimed to investigate coping strategies, burnout, and their relationship among residents. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among residents from October 2019 to April 2020 in Thailand. The Brief COPE Inventory Thai version and The Maslach Burnout Inventory Thai version were used, and the associations between coping strategies and burnout were examined. Results The number of 280 residents replied the questionnaire (response rate 41.5%). The most favored copings were self-distraction and acceptance and the least common were denial and substance use. Most residents had high level of emotional exhaustion (n = 113, 40.4%) and moderate level of reduced personal accomplishment (n = 99, 35.4%). However, low degree of depersonalization was reported predominantly (n = 164, 58.6%). The coping of venting, behavioral disengagement and self-blame independently predicted emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Behavioral disengagement was the only predictor of burnout in all dimensions, whereas positive reframing is the only strategy that had independent and protective effect against burnout in all dimensions. Table 1 Multivariate analysis of factors associated with emotional exhaustion Variablesaassociated with emotional exhaustion β (S.E.) 95% CI P value Venting .17** (.50) (.50, 2.46) &lt; .01 Behavioral disengagement .29*** (.51) (1.52, 3.55) &lt; .001 Self-blame .15** (.47) (.30, 2.15) .01 Planning .15** (.51) (.32, 2.33) .01 Positive reframing -.26*** (.50) (-3.08, -1.12) &lt; .001 Table 2 Multivariate analysis of factors associated with depersonalization Variablesaassociated with depersonalization β (S.E.) 95% CI P value Sex -.12* (.58) (-2.37, -.07) .04 Alcohol use .18** (.75) (.74, 3.69) &lt; .01 Venting .14* (.26) (.07, 1.11) .03 Behavioral disengagement .18** (.25) (.28, 1.27) &lt; .01 Self-blame .21*** (.23) (.38, 1.28) &lt; .001 Positive reframing -.18* (.23) (-1.17, -.27) &lt; .01 Use instrumental support -.14* (.24) (-1.03, -.10) .02 Table 3 Multivariate analysis of factors associated with personal accomplishment Variablesaassociated with personal accomplishment β (S.E.) 95% CI P value Behavioral disengagement -.13* (.38) (-1.59, -.09) .03 Positive reframing .21** (.41) (.42, 2.03) &lt; .01 a Only statistically significant variables are displayed Conclusions A large number of residents had emotional exhaustion. Behavioral disengagement and positive reframing were the most influential coping strategies related to burnout. This study might inform residency training program of some specific approaches for burnout prevention. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

Burnout and its associated factors in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic

IntroductionDue to the COVID-19 pandemic, our health system had to face new challenges such as Burnout (BO), particularly among healthcare workers (HCWs).ObjectivesOur study aimed to examine the prevalence of burnout among HCWs, as well as to identify the sociodemographic and professional factors associated to it.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical survey, conducted during the fifth wave of COVID-19 between December 2021 and February 2022, among the healthcare workers of 3 hospitals in Djerba city. We used an online questionnaire to collect their sociodemographic and professional data. Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was used to assess their burnout level.ResultsOur population consisted of 95 HCWs with a sex ratio of 0.46. Most of them (75%) had an age of less than 40 years. Among our participants, 56.8% were paramedics and 71.6% had a working experience of less than 10 years. A rate of 56.8% worked full-time with a minimum of 36 hours per week and more than 5 on-calls per month in 56.8%.In our study, 76% of the HCWs were affected by BO. The mean emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and professional accomplishment scores were 35.74 ±12.16, 11.84 ±8.08 and 27.32 ±6.95, respectively. A rate of 69% had a high level of emotional exhaustion, 42% had a high level of depersonalization and 41% had a low level of personal accomplishment.The subgroup analysis showed that BO was associated with: an age of less than 30 years (p=0.007); having no children (p=0.030); a work experience of less than 10 years (p=0.001); a number of working hours greater than 36 hours (p=0.030) and a number of on-call duties greater than 5 per month (p=0.007).ConclusionsOur study shows the burden of BO in the HCWs of Djerba, especially among the youngest ones, the least experienced and those with the highest workload. Thus, a special attention must be paid to this condition, and the implementation of a prevention strategy is essential.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the healthcare workers mental health

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic represents an unprecedented in health events that has had a negative impact on the mental health of the population in general as well as on specific categories, including patients with mental and physical disorders, and healthcare professionals. In particular, COVID-19 pandemic has produced extraordinary stress in healthcare workers, especially frontline physicians, nurses and healthcare professionals.ObjectivesIn the present study we aimed to evaluate levels of burnout, a clinical condition characterized by emotional, psychological and physical exhaustion, in a sample of health workers from the Campania region, Italy, during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Secondary objectives of the study include the assessment, in the same group, of levels of anxiety-depressive symptoms, insomnia, suicidal ideation and symptoms on the post-traumatic spectrum.MethodsAn online survey was released through the official website of the University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli” and social media. The Maslach Burnout Inventory was used to assess burnout in the healthcare professionals; Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 Short Version to measure levels of anxiety, depression and stress; the Insomnia Severity Index was used to identify insomnia-related symptoms; the Suicidal Ideation Attributes Scale was adopted to select individuals based on the presence of suicidal thoughts while the Impact of Event Scale-Revised was administered to evaluate trauma-related dimensions.ResultsA total of 389 health workers was recruited. They were predominantly female, with an average age of 39.06 (± 11.85) years, working mainly in the second line hospitals during the COVID-19 emergency. During the pandemic, first- or second-line health workers reporting significant levels of emotional exhaustion are on average 23,89 (±4.22), those reporting feelings of depersonalization are on average 7.58 (±2.73), while those who report a good level of professional efficiency are on average 21.12 (±3.48).Predictors of increased levels of depersonalization are being a first-line worker and the presence of traumatic event avoidance symptoms. Furthermore, levels of professional fulfillment are negatively affected by age, the presence of intrusive symptoms, the presence of sleep disorders, and being a frontline worker.ConclusionsThe impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of healthcare professionals involved in the first and/or second line COVID hospitals is indisputable. Although burnout syndrome is not a new clinical condition, the COVID-19 pandemic may further worsen the magnitude of the problem. However, our results could be a starting point to promote a change in the way we perceive the mental health of healthcare professionals.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Work-related use of information and communication technologies after-hours (W_ICTs) and workplace cheating behavior: A chained mediation model

Based on the conservation of resources theory, this paper explores the impact and mechanism of work-related use of information and communication technologies after hours (W_ICTs) on workplace cheating behavior. A total of 400 valid questionnaires were collected in this study. The results show that W_ICTs can have a positive effect on workplace cheating behavior. Meanwhile, W_ICTs can decrease the level of emotional exhaustion through enhancing perceived job control of employees, and increase the level of emotional exhaustion by enhancing workplace ostracism. Perceived job control, workplace ostracism and emotional exhaustion play a chain mediating role between W_ICTs and workplace cheating behavior. According to our research, leaders are suggested to select effective communication tools, establish complete rules and regulations, and pay attention to the supplement of employees' psychological resources, so as to reduce the impact of W_ICTs on workplace cheating behavior.

Burnout Experience among Iranian Teachers during the COVID-19 Pandemic

This study represents the first attempt to explore teachers&amp;rsquo; burnout experience during one of the most critical phases of the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. The main goals were to estimate the prevalence of burnout in Iranian men and women teachers and analyse the association of sociodemographic variables on burnout levels. A total of 125 Iranian teachers participated in this study. Results suggest that Iranian teachers perceive high levels of burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic, with 24% of participants reporting high levels of overall burnout. Furthermore, 32% of the sample reported high levels of physical fatigue, 24.8% high levels of cognitive weariness, and 17.6% high levels of emotional exhaustion, suggesting that a considerable number of Iranian teachers are already struggling to deal with their job-related stressors. Significant differences were found for sex, with men reporting higher exhaustion than women. No significant differences were found between other sociodemographic characteristics and burnout. We analyse the results from a cultural perspective and discuss its implications for future research and psychological interventions in schools. Future studies explore how school contextual variables can mediate or moderate the effect of sociodemographic characteristics on teachers&amp;rsquo; burnout. Intervention programmes should consider local schools&amp;rsquo; characteristics and be sensitive to teachers&amp;rsquo; individual needs and consider the added weight of the pandemic to teachers&amp;rsquo; daily job-related stressors.

Factors associated with burnout among hospital-based healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional CRACoV-HHS study.

To assess the prevalence of burnout and associated factors among healthcare workers (HCWs) working in a hospital admitting patients with COVID-19. Burnout among HCWs is related to age, gender and occupation. However, little is known about organisational factors associated with burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study of 1412 hospital HCWs (748 nurses) was carried out via online survey during the COVID-19 pandemic between 4 and 19 January 2021. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey, the Checklist Individual Strength questionnaire, the interRAI items covering mental health, the WHO questionnaire items assessing HCWs' preparedness and exposure to SARS-CoV-2 were used. Univariable and multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted to clarify factors associated with emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalisation (DP) and personal accomplishment (PA). This study adheres to the STROBE guidelines. Burnout prevalence varied from 10.0% to 22.0%. Most respondents (83.6%) reported low PA, 22.9% high EE and 18.7% high DP. Nurses and physicians had the highest levels of EE and DP. Staff exposed or uncertain if exposed to contaminated patients' body fluids and materials had higher levels of burnout. Preparedness (training) (b=1.15; 95%CI 0.26 to 2.05) and adherence to infection prevention and control procedures (b=1.57; 95%CI 0.67 to 2.47) were associated with higher PA, and accessibility of personal protective equipment (PPE) (b=-1.37; 95%CI -2.17 to -0.47) was related to lower EE. HCWs working in wards for patients with COVID-19 reported lower EE (b=-1.39; 95%CI -2.45 to -0.32). HCWs who contracted COVID-19 reported lower DP (b=-0.71, 95%CI -1.30 to -0.12). Organisational factors such as better access to PPE, training, and adherence to infection prevention and control procedures were associated with a lower level of burnout. Healthcare managers should promote strategies to reduce burnout among HCWs with regard to preparedness of all staff.

An Examination of the Relationships between Psychological Resilience, Organizational Ostracism, and Burnout in K–12 Teachers through Structural Equation Modelling

Psychological resilience, burnout, and ostracism are significant variables that may affect teachers' performance and well-being. While psychological resilience is the ability of individuals to cope with the challenges of life/work and could support teachers in performing their profession, burnout (i.e., high levels of emotional exhaustion and desensitization) and ostracism (i.e., being ignored by others in the workplace) could lead to serious negative outcomes for both teachers and the educational system. Despite their significance, studies addressing the relationships between these variables are rare. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationships between teachers' psychological resilience, burnout, and organizational ostracism. The study used structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the hypothetical relationships between these variables. The participants were selected using a simple random sampling method among K-12 teachers working in Elazig, Turkey. The data were collected using Psychological Resilience Scale-Short Form, Organizational Ostracism Scale, and Burnout Syndrome Inventory-Short Form. Data obtained from 309 K-12 teachers were analyzed using path analysis. The findings showed that teachers' psychological resilience was quite low, whilst they experienced high levels of burnout and organizational ostracism. The results also showed a negative relationship between their psychological resilience and organizational ostracism and burnout while determining a positive relationship between ostracism and burnout. Psychological resilience was determined to have a moderating role in the relationship between organizational ostracism and burnout. Implications were suggested for both research and practice.

Job Burnout and Job Satisfaction among Healthcare Service Providers in a Daycare Center for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders in Low-Resource Settings

Job satisfaction and burnout are components of job morale. In general, and among healthcare provider personnel, these are psychological factors of the job and under the influence of different conditions and the organizational management of the healthcare systems. Both job burnout and job satisfaction among healthcare service providers have received scant attention in the literature, particularly in the healthcare systems of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) as one low- or middle-income country (LMIC). The burnout rate and job satisfaction in a daycare center for children with autism spectrum disorders were reviewed and measured using a sample consisting of 34 employees from three different sections. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Third Edition (MBI-3) and the Job Descriptive Index (JDI) were used. The relationships between the two scales and their consisting factors were examined using Pearson Correlation and Chi-square test to understand the correlation and levels of significant difference between the expected and the observed frequencies. There was a significant negative correlation between job burnout and satisfaction with the job and some significant correlations between the factors of the scales. Lower levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization factors of the burnout scale were statistically correlated. It was shown that the personnel were mainly satisfied with their jobs through their choices in the four parts of the job satisfaction scale. Further investigations are needed to understand different contributing factors to job satisfaction and burnout among healthcare providers in KRI. The current study might highlight the importance of understanding the healthcare providers' perspectives on their careers.

Correlation between Quality of Work-Life and Job Burnout in Midwives.

Job burnout of healthcare professionals results in poor quality of care, making them leave the profession. A direct relationship between quality of work-life and job burnout is not clear among midwives. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the quality of work-life and burnout in midwives. This correlational cross-sectional study was conducted by using census sampling and participation of 282 midwives working in all private and public hospitals with labor wards (n = 17) in Isfahan, Iran, in 2018. Quality of Work-life Questionnaire and Maslach Burnout Inventory were used. Partial correlation and regression analysis were used to analyze the data in SPSS.19 software. Regarding the three dimensions of job burnout, an average level of emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment as well as a low level of depersonalization were observed in the participants. The total score of quality of work-life had a significant inverse correlation only with the dimension of emotional exhaustion (r = -0.43, p > 0.001). The dimensions of quality of work-life were predictive of 28% and 12% variance of job burnout in the dimensions of emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment (R2 = 0.28 and R2 = 0.12, respectively). Job burnout is correlated to the quality of work life among midwives. To improve the quality of midwives' services and prevent their job burnout, especially emotional exhaustion, more attention should be paid to improving the quality of their work-life.