Level Of Credibility Research Articles

Development and Validation of an Evidence‐Based Home Pursed Lip Breathing Protocol for Improving Health Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

ABSTRACTAimTo develop and validate an evidence‐based home pursed lip breathing (PLB) intervention protocol for improving related health outcomes (e.g., dyspnea and exercise capability) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to present a detailed intervention development process.MethodsThis home PLB intervention protocol employed phase one of the Medical Research Council (MRC) Framework for Developing and Evaluating Complex Interventions to guide the development process of the PLB intervention. We searched for research evidence on 5 July 2023 from several databases, including PubMed, Embase (via Ovid), Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and China Biology Medicine Disk (CBM). Using the content validity index, a panel of experts assessed the appropriateness of the PLB protocol.ResultsWe developed the preliminary home PLB intervention protocol on the basis of several underlying rationales, which encompass the extension of expiration time, enhancement of respiratory muscle strength, augmentation of tidal volume and integration of the most reliable research evidence obtained from four systematic reviews, five RCTs, five clinical trials, and 10 recommendations. We structured the PLB intervention with a designated time ratio of inspiration to expiration, set at 1:2. Additionally, this study recommends that the training parameters of the PLB intervention were as follows: three sessions per day, each lasting for 10 min, over 8 weeks. Individualised PLB training intensity adjusted the inhalation component according to each participant's tolerance level while emphasising the exhalation phase to ensure the complete expulsion of air from the lungs. The home PLB intervention protocol established strong content validity through consensus, which was reached among all panel experts. The item‐level and scale‐level content validity indices (CVIs) reached a maximum score of 1.0, indicating a high level of agreement and credibility in the protocol's content as evaluated by the expert panel.ConclusionAn optimal evidence‐based home PLB protocol has been adapted and developed to manage health‐related outcomes of patients with COPD. The protocol is transparent and fully supported by relevant mechanisms, concrete evidence, recommendations and experts' consensus.Implications for PracticeIn this study, we consulted patients with COPD about the ‘Prepared Conditions Before PLB Practice’, to ensure appropriate measures to prevent patients with COPD from potential risks. In addition, patients with COPD also contributed to the PLB exercise frequency distribution.

Constructing A Comprehensive Self-Scale among Jordanian Universities Students

This Study aimed at constructing the self-scale for university students. To achieve the objectives of the study a preliminary Likert Scale of (127) items was Constructed. The Scale was administered to an convenience sample consisting of (753) male and female students. The results of the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis showed that (48) items fit the measurement model suggested, which consists of eight factors: positive self-concept, self-esteem, self-efficacy, self-worth, self-regulation, self-actualization and acceptance, self-management, and self-monitoring. The results indicated that it finds form exemplifies Suitable Psychometric Properties. A reliability coefficient of the internal consistency of the scale using Cronbach's alpha equation was (0.95). The Scale also has Several Validity indicators. The results showed that the measurement invariance (configural, metric, scalar) verification across gender and the faculty was at the same level of confidence and credibility.

Control of Frequentist type I error rates in hierarchical linear models for multiregional clinical trials using a Bayesian method

A multiregional clinical trial is a clinical trial conducted simultaneously in multiple regions under a single protocol. It is a new drug development strategy that has advantages in many ways. A significant part of these advantages comes from the hierarchical data structure of the multiregional clinical trials. Based on the recent work of Kim and Kang (2020) concerning hierarchical linear models to better reflect the structure, we address the problem of controlling the Frequentist type I error rate when the number of regions is small using a Bayesian method. More precisely, we present a strategy for controlling the type I error rate by setting a prespecified Bayesian credible level. Simulation results show that our proposed method controls the type I error rate reliably and well. Through sensitivity analysis, we also investigate the effect on the results when accurate information on between-region variability is given and when several different types of prior distributions are used.

Perceived government-expert discord and evaluation of COVID-19 policies in Hong Kong

ABSTRACT This study examines citizens’ retrospective evaluation of government policies during the COVID-19 pandemic. It focuses specifically on the impact of perceived government – expert discord, i.e. public perceptions of disagreement between government officials and the medical expert community. Medical experts played important roles during the pandemic and enjoyed high levels of credibility, whereas government leaders were sometimes seen as driven by political motivations. Hence, perceived government – expert discord might negatively affect policy evaluation. Analysis of a post-pandemic survey in Hong Kong (N = 1,002) shows that people who perceive significant government – expert discord are likelier to blame the government for negative happenings during the pandemic, less likely to credit the government for positive outcomes, and less likely to see the government’s control measures as appropriate. These relationships are stronger among people who suffered more, economically or mentally, during the pandemic. Credit attribution, blame attribution, and perceived appropriateness of control measures, in turn, influence overall policy evaluation.

Automatic classification of fetal heart rate based on a multi-scale LSTM network.

Fetal heart rate monitoring during labor can aid healthcare professionals in identifying alterations in the heart rate pattern. However, discrepancies in guidelines and obstetrician expertise present challenges in interpreting fetal heart rate, including failure to acknowledge findings or misinterpretation. Artificial intelligence has the potential to support obstetricians in diagnosing abnormal fetal heart rates. Employ preprocessing techniques to mitigate the effects of missing signals and artifacts on the model, utilize data augmentation methods to address data imbalance. Introduce a multi-scale long short-term memory neural network trained with a variety of time-scale data for automatically classifying fetal heart rate. Carried out experimental on both single and multi-scale models. The results indicate that multi-scale LSTM models outperform regular LSTM models in various performance metrics. Specifically, in the single models tested, the model with a sampling rate of 10 exhibited the highest classification accuracy. The model achieves an accuracy of 85.73%, a specificity of 85.32%, and a precision of 85.53% on CTU-UHB dataset. Furthermore, the area under the receiver operating curve of 0.918 suggests that our model demonstrates a high level of credibility. Compared to previous research, our methodology exhibits superior performance across various evaluation metrics. By incorporating alternative sampling rates into the model, we observed improvements in all performance indicators, including ACC (85.73% vs. 83.28%), SP (85.32% vs. 82.47%), PR (85.53% vs. 82.84%), recall (86.13% vs. 84.09%), F1-score (85.79% vs. 83.42%), and AUC(0.9180 vs. 0.8667). The limitations of this research include the limited consideration of pregnant women's clinical characteristics and disregard the potential impact of varying gestational weeks.

Effects of visual risk indicators on phishing detection behavior: An eye-tracking experiment

Cybersecurity vulnerability ranks among the foremost global business risks. Phishing attempts, in particular through email, persistently challenge organizations despite substantial investments in IT security and awareness training. Recognizing the limitations of unilateral technology- or human-centered approaches, this study explores how visual risk indication can support employees in detecting phishing attempts. To do so, we conducted an eye-tracking lab experiment in which participants rated the trustworthiness of emails with varying levels of credibility. Our analysis focuses on human information processing in identifying phishing attempts, indicating that the availability of a visual risk indicator can significantly influence trust and response behavior, without incapacitating implicit phishing cues (such as conspicuous senders or anonymous recipients). Our findings suggest that organizations should appropriately calibrate visual risk indicators to achieve the intended guiding effects. However, the calibration remains a trade-off and depends on the organization’s environment. We discuss implications for integrative cybersecurity approaches to mitigate phishing attempts more effectively.

Manuscripts of the Treatise “Hadīqat Al-'Ārifīn” of Ishāq Khoja Bin Ismâ‘Īl Ata

Reliability and validity of written sources is always critical in research. A key step in conducting thorough and accurate research is to find the most reliable and original versions of written sources. Researchers often rely on primary sources to ensure the highest level of credibility and accuracy in their work. Factors such as the preservation of the manuscript, the integrity of the text, the circumstances of the copying, and the environment in which the author and scribes worked and lived all contribute to determining the reliability and significance of a source. Paleographical and codicological data play a critical role in understanding the history and provenance of manuscripts, allowing researchers to assess their authenticity and importance in the context of their time and place. Analysis of such data can help shed light on research into these historical documents. Therefore, in the article we try to describe the paleographic and codicological features of the manuscripts of “Hadīqat al-’Ārifīn”, preserved in the book collections of Tashkent, Kokand, Kabul, Uppsala. Undoubtedly, this comparative analysis can provide valuable insight into the main dogmatists of the Yasavī Sufi school. By comparing different versions of the manuscript from different collections, researchers can analyze textual variations and stylistics that can shed light on the development and interpretation of Yasavī 's teachings within the Sufi tradition. The manuscript copies help to understand the evolution and transmission of Yasavī 's spiritual and philosophical ideas across different regions and time periods. Keywords: Khoja Ahmad Yasavī, Ishāq Khoja, Ismā‘īl Ata, “Hadīqat al-’Ārifīn”, Turkistan Tashkent.

Constraints on non-Gaussian primordial curvature perturbation from the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA third observing run

The scalar-induced gravitational wave (SIGWs), arising from large amplitude primordial density fluctuations, provide a unique observational test for directly probing the epoch of inflation. In this work, we provide constraints on the SIGW background by taking into account the non-Gaussianity in the primordial density fluctuations, using the first three observing runs (O1-O3) data of the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA collaboration. We find that the non-Gaussianity gives a non-negligible effect on the GW energy density spectrum and starts to affect the analysis of the O1-O3 data when the non-Gaussianity parameter is F NL > 3.55. Furthermore, the constraints exhibit asymptotic behavior given by F NL Ag = const. at large F NL limit, where Ag denotes the amplitude of the curvature perturbations. In the limit of large F NL, we placed a 95% credible level upper limit F NL Ag ≤ 0.115, 0.106, 0.112 at fixed scales of 1016, 1016.5, 1017 Mpc-1, respectively.

HPV Vaccine Issues in Japan: A review of our attempts to promote the HPV vaccine and to provide effective evaluation of the problem through social-medical and behavioral-economic perspectives

In Japan, subsidies from local and national government programs for HPV vaccination of girls aged 13–16 began in 2010. By 2013, HPV vaccines were being used routinely for vaccinating girls aged 12–16 as part of its national immunization program. However, in June of 2013, in response to reports of possible adverse reactions to the vaccine, Japan’s Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare (MHLW) announced a ‘temporary suspension’ of its governmental recommendation for HPV vaccination. The vaccination rate quickly dropped from 70 % of age-eligible girls to almost zero. It was not until 2021 that the government’s recommendation suspension finally ended. The efficacy and safety of the HPV vaccine is now well documented, yet Japan has failed to reestablish any credible level of HPV vaccination. The World Health Organization (WHO) warned that Japan’s HPV vaccination debacle was likely to result in real harm to the girls who lacked its protection; something we have already demonstrated with real-world data. To reinvigorate the HPV vaccination program in Japan to its prior levels, in the face of the current high level of HPV vaccine hesitancy, we will have to address the irrationality of human decision-making pointed out by behavioral economics. The Japanese government must act expeditiously to promote stronger cervical cancer control measures.

The <i>fake news</i> during the chilean social outbreak and the role of <i>fact checking</i> against disinformation

The objective of this research is to understand the impact generated by fake news on the political perception and critical thinking of citizens who receive information through social networks during the Social Outbreak in Chile, and to assess the value of new independent fact checking media created during the same period. The methodology employs a mixed approach with an exploratory scope, involving the creation of an assessment tool used to evaluate 95 subjects from the Biobío Region, Chile who assessed and categorized a news item as true or false. The primary findings reveal that participants perceive sharing fake news as a perilous action, and they hold the belief that fake news has the potential to alter political and social ideologies. In conclusion, assessing subjects' strategies for identifying fake news allows for the development of evaluation tools that promote data verification and enhance media literacy. This becomes crucial as the criteria for verification among active social network users are often low, indicating a level of credibility in published content without thorough scrutiny of data sources or acknowledgment of the risks associated with disseminating potentially false information.

Neuromodulation in the treatment of anorexia nervosa - a literature review

Introduction Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a disorder in which an unnaturally low body weight is deliberately maintained, with the coexistence of a distorted body image. The effectiveness of AN treatment so far is about 40%. For this reason, new methods of treatment are sought, which include brain neuromodulation techniques. Purpose The aim of this article was to determine the effectiveness of neuromodulation techniques in the treatment of AN. Materials and methods The literature on the use of neuromodulation techniques in patients with AN was reviewed via electronic databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, ClinicalTrial.gov. The scope of the search was limited to 01/01/2008-03/01/2023. Articles in English, such as: randomized controlled trials, non-randomized controlled trials, case reports, were included. In order to verify the quality of the article, the six-point SANRA scale (Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles) was used. Results The results of the studies conducted so far are not homogeneous. The limitation of conclusions is primarily due to the small number and type of clinical trials conducted, involving small groups of subjects. The literature on the subject lacks systematic reviews and meta-analyses, which makes it impossible to reliably determine the effectiveness of therapy. Conclusions Based on Evidence-Based Medicine and the level of credibility of the available data, there is insufficient evidence to recommend neuromodulation techniques for the standard treatment of AN. Further randomized, double-blind clinical trials are needed to assess the effectiveness of this form of treatment. However, the existing data are promising.

Generation Z's Health Information Avoidance Behavior: Insights From Focus Group Discussions.

Younger generations actively use social media to access health information. However, research shows that they also avoid obtaining health information online at times when confronted with uncertainty. This study aims to examine the phenomenon of health information avoidance among Generation Z, a representative cohort of active web users in this era. Drawing on the planned risk information avoidance model, we adopted a qualitative approach to explore the factors related to information avoidance within the context of health and risk communication. The researchers recruited 38 participants aged 16 to 25 years for the focus group discussion sessions. In this study, we sought to perform a deductive qualitative analysis of the focus group interview content with open, focused, and theoretical coding. Our findings support several key components of the planned risk information avoidance model while highlighting the underlying influence of cognition on emotions. Specifically, socioculturally, group identity and social norms among peers lead some to avoid health information. Cognitively, mixed levels of risk perception, conflicting values, information overload, and low credibility of information sources elicited their information avoidance behaviors. Affectively, negative emotions such as anxiety, frustration, and the desire to stay positive contributed to avoidance. This study has implications for understanding young users' information avoidance behaviors in both academia and practice.

Legitimising capital: parent organisations and their resistance to testing in England

This paper presents findings from a year-long network ethnography into the strategies, networks, and outcomes of More Than a Score (MTAS)—a campaign against standardised testing in UK primary schools. Focusing specifically on the parent-based groups of the organisation, we use theorisations of symbolic capital to challenge traditional understandings of how capital can be leveraged for group advancement. We argue that MTAS frames itself as a grassroots organisation, using this image to promote its agenda amongst possible allies. Parent groups serve a critical role in accentuating the ‘grassroots’ image, as they bring a level of credibility to this claim. At the same time, the individuals who run these groups also bring technical skills, professional experiences, and connections that provide logistical and expert capital to the range of MTAS’s strategies and agendas. In doing so, their political and social capital as ‘parents’ provide a sort of legitimising capital to MTAS.

Risk assessment for industrial control systems based on asymmetric connection cloud and Choquet integral

Once industrial control systems are targeted by cyber-attacks, the consequences can be severe, including asset loss, environmental pollution, and public security risks. Risk assessment is an important way to ensure that industrial control systems operate efficiently, steadily and safely. The purpose of this paper is to develop a risk assessment model for industrial control systems based on asymmetric connection cloud and Choquet integral, which fully takes into account the fact that values of risk indicators are often fuzzy, random, asymmetrically distributed in finite intervals, and there are interactions among different indicators. To do so, we first establish a risk assessment index system to ensure the full reflection of availability, integrity, and confidentiality in the results of risk assessment for industrial control systems. Then we establish classification standards for each evaluation indicator based on the importance of assets, vulnerabilities, and threats in evaluating the risk of industrial control systems. Next we develop a risk assessment model based on asymmetric connection cloud and Choquet integral to determine the risk level of industrial control systems. In the following, an example is provided to demonstrate the feasibility and reliability of this proposed model. The experimental results have demonstrated a high level of credibility in assessing cyber-attacks by the proposed model, indicating its potential for analyzing the current security and risk posture of industrial control systems.

Collaborative Management of Water‐Energy‐Food‐Ecosystems Nexus in Central Asia Under Uncertainty

AbstractCollaborative management of the water‐energy‐food‐ecosystems (WEFE) nexus can contribute significantly to sustainable development. However, multiple decision‐making levels with diverse preferences and multiple uncertainties in different forms pose intractable challenges to the management process. In this study, a novel optimization method named as multi‐level chance‐constrained fuzzy programming (MCFP) is developed to jointly manage the WEFE nexus. MCFP has advantages in evaluating trade‐offs among multiple competitive decision makers, solving decentralized planning problems with hierarchical structure, and tackling uncertainties expressed as randomness and vagueness. MCFP is then applied to the WEFE nexus in Central Asia, where five countries, 43 states, six water sources, and eight water users are involved over a long‐term planning horizon (2021–2050). A set of scenarios are designed to reflect decision‐making preferences based on different irrigation efficiencies, food, ecological and electricity demands as well as constraint‐violation probability and system credibility levels. The major findings are: (a) the proportion of agricultural water allocation would reduce to 45.4%–56.6% by 2050 to save more water for ensuring ecological restoration and energy supply; and (b) in order to balance water demands and support regional sustainable development, policymakers should sacrifice some of the benefits, set strict arable land limits for cereal crops, improve irrigation efficiency through adopting drip and sprinkler irrigation, and avoid the effects of the irrigation efficiency paradox. The findings are helpful for policymakers in gaining insight into the interrelationships of water, energy, food and ecosystems as well as making decisions for collaborative management of the WEFE nexus system.

Search for a muonphilic scalar X0 or vector X1 via J/ψ→μ+μ−+invisible decays at BESIII

A light scalar X0 or vector X1 particles have been introduced as a possible explanation for the (g−2)μ anomaly and dark matter phenomena. Using (8.998±0.039)×109 J/ψ events collected by the BESIII detector, we search for a light muon philic scalar X0 or vector X1 in the processes J/ψ→μ+μ−X0,1 with X0,1 invisible decays. No obvious signal is found, and the upper limits on the coupling g0,1′ between the muon and the X0,1 particles are set to be between 1.1×10−3 and 1.0×10−2 for the X0,1 mass in the range of 1<M(X0,1)<1000 MeV/c2 at 90% credibility level. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

ANALISIS KECENDRUNGAN METODE PENELITIAN TESIS MAHASISWA DI PROGRAM STUDI MAGISTER MANAJEMEN PENDIDIKAN UNIVERSITAS JAMBI

The need for a research methodology is not without reason because conducting research requires a systematic method, where with a research methodology a study can be accounted for because it has a fairly high level of credibility. Research methodology is the basis for a researcher to draw conclusions so that he can find reliable solutions to problems using scientific measurements. Initial observation results show that the research methods for students' theses in the Master of Education Management Study Program vary, but have not been identified so the direction of the trend is not known for certain. Meanwhile, information about trends in research methods and the factors that influence them is important information in curriculum development and the basis for program decision making related to efforts to improve academic quality in the Master of Education Management Study Program at Jambi University. This research aims to determine the trend of methods used by students in the Master of Education Management Study Program and the factors that influence them. The object of the research is the theses of students from the 2021 and 2022 Master of Education Management Study Program. The data was processed using non-test techniques through interviews, questionnaires and documentation, and then analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The research results show that: 1) The research methods for students' theses at the Master of Education Management Study Program at Jambi University vary, including qualitative methods (case studies, document studies, centralized interviews, phenomenology) and quantitative methods (surveys); 2) The factors that determine a student's choice of research method are: thesis supervisor; competency in student understanding of research objects; and the influence of college friends.

Types of Argumentation in Editorials

This article explores argumentation in the genre of editorials. The objective was to determine the frequency of different types of argumentation used in this genre, which can shed light on the balance between objective and subjective elements. It was found that editorials exhibit a balance between strong and weak argumentation, with 41% and 55.6% respectively (3.4% accounted for insufficient argumentation). The dominance of weak argumentation can be attributed to the specific nature of editorials, which aim to present the editorial board’s opinion and influence readers. The genre under study is a powerful tool in media warfare and shaping societal beliefs and values. The minimal percentage of insufficient argumentation indicates a desire to refrain from overt manipulation. The relatively high percentage of strong argumentation in a genre categorized as ‘opinion’ is also explained by the functional aspect of editorials: since the genre transmits institutional opinions with the intention of influencing public views, it is necessary to maintain authority and a high level of credibility in the information provided. Strong arguments in this genre include references to facts, data from authoritative sources including statistics, experimental results, references to public opinion, and common sense. Weak arguments include personal opinions, speculations, predictions, intuition, references to sources that are not definitive authorities in the field, conclusions based on incomplete statistical data and facts with no obvious connection.

Arbitration of commercial disputes in the Republic of Kazakhstan and Europe: Issues of theory and practice

Relevance. The relevance of the study is due to the need to resolve problems related to the alternative settlement of economic disputes in Kazakhstan.Purpose. The purpose of the study is to conduct a detailed analysis of the activities of the institute of arbitration in accordance with the current legislation.Methodology. Among the methods used, it is worth noting logical analysis, functional analysis, dogmatic, legal hermeneutics, deduction, induction, and others.Results. The study revealed that this legal institute provides an opportunity for subjects of commercial legal relations to control dispute resolution independently; it also has a number of advantages in comparison with state judicial instances. The main organisations that implement arbitration proceedings in Kazakhstan were considered. The regulatory framework that governs arbitration in the Republic was also examined. It was noted that the main problematic aspects of the functioning of the institute of arbitration in Kazakhstan are related to the delimitation of competence, cancellation of the arbitration agreement, securing a claim, recognition and enforcement of the arbitration agreement. A comparative legal analysis of commercial dispute arbitration in Kazakhstan and Europe was conducted. In particular, the experience of such countries as Great Britain, France, Germany, Poland, Switzerland, Sweden, and others was investigated.Conclusions. The practical value of the results obtained consists in providing recommendations that will improve the effectiveness of one of the most important legal institutes, increase the level of trust and credibility of arbitration in Kazakhstan before foreign persons, and provide a more guaranteed mechanism for ensuring the right of subjects to choose a method of resolving a commercial dispute.

Information and methodological support for real estate valuation in the context of economic transformation

The article presents an analysis of the role of information and methodological support for the process of valuation of real estate objects in the general research procedure. In the context of modern regulation of valuation activities in the Russian Federation, the structure and content of general and special federal valuation standards are disclosed, as well as the main problems that have a negative impact on the scope and content of the study aimed at determining the value of assets. It is noted that the issues of the validity of the applied approaches and methods of real estate valuation are closely interconnected with the level of credibility, reliability and sufficiency of external, internal, analytical and regulatory information, on the basis of which various stages of calculating the value of objects are carried out. The proposed solution to the problems of information and methodological support for evaluation studies is aimed at increasing the level of reliability and validity of the final cost of objects. The authors propose a system of price-forming factors and indicators, the consideration of which, when implementing various assessment methods, is necessary in the context of the transformation of the national and regional economy.