Levels Of Compassion Research Articles

Professional Quality of Life among healthcare workers in a Covid-19 unit

IntroductionThe pandemic of Covid-19 has overwhelmed healthcare systems including healthcare workers(HCWs) imposing additional physical and mental workloads.ObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate the impact of the pandemic on the professional quality of life of HCWs.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study among HCWs working in the Covid-19 unit in Sfax, Tunisia in December 2021. We used a self-administrated questionnaire including sociodemographic and professional information. Professional issues were assessed by The Professional Quality of Life scale.ResultsOur population consisted of 69 participants. The mean age was 31± 6 years. The sex ratio (M/F) was 1.1. Sixty-eight per cent had a university education. On a scale from 0 to 10,76.8% rated their Health Status greater than or equal to 8 and the mean score was 8.89±1. Medical history of Covid-19 infection was found in 37.7% of paricipants and 94,1% were vaccinated against SARS Cov 2.Most of the workers showed moderate to high levels of compassion (65.2% and 31.9 % respectively). Fifty-five per cent showed moderate burnout levels. Only 2.9% of the population had a high level of secondary traumatic stress.Secondary traumatic stress was associated with age (p=0.049; R=0.238). The males were more affected with burnout symptoms. Vaccination Status was associated with compassion satisfaction (p=0.042). Health Status Evaluation was not correlated with compassion satisfaction, burnout or secondary traumatic stress.ConclusionsThe current pandemic has affected the HCWs system professional and social lives. A long follow-up should be maintained to support HCWs dealing with the pandemic.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Compassion and gender diversity: evaluation of an online compassion-focused therapy group in a gender service

ABSTRACT Transgender and gender non-conforming (TGNC) people may experience minority stress and internalised transnegativity, leading to increased psychological distress. Self-compassion has been suggested as a protective factor which can buffer against the impact of minority stress and stigma. This service evaluation study examined the outcomes of a novel compassion-focused therapy group intervention delivered online in a Gender Service. Twenty-one TGNC adults participated in the group and completed pre-group and post-group measures of psychological distress, internalised transnegativity, and compassion to self, to others, and from others. Participants had high levels of psychological distress and low levels of self-compassion pre-group. At the group level, there was a significant increase in levels of compassion to self and from others, and a significant decrease in pride (reverse scored) and alienation internalised transnegativity subscales. At an individual level, compassion to self and compassion from others were the most frequent areas where significant change was observed post-group. The compassion-focused therapy group appears to be effective in increasing levels of self-compassion and reducing aspects of internalised transnegativity, but without clear impact on psychological distress. This is preliminary evidence in support of the use of compassion-focused therapy groups within gender services, but further research is warranted and encouraged.

Correlation between mindfulness, empathy and compassion levels of nursing students: A cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe concept of mindfulness does not attract enough attention in the field of health. Despite this, it is thought to be effective on the concept of empathy and compassion, which have an importance in nursing practices. AimThe aim of the study was to investigate the correlation between the mindfulness, empathy and compassion levels of nursing students. MethodsThis is a descriptive-correlational and cross-sectional study which comprised 347 students in the nursing department of a university. As data collection tools, the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, the Basic Empathy Scale and the Compassion Scale. FindingsThe results of the study show that no significant correlation was found between the mindfulness, total empathy levels and cognitive empathy levels of the students, and that there was a significant negative correlation between their emotional empathy levels. There was found to be a significant positive correlation between their mindfulness and total compassion levels. DiscussionThe findings of this study contribute to the literature that the mindfulness of nursing students is not related to total empathy levels, but is closely related to compassion levels. Some studies in the literature support these findings. ConclusionIt is thought that knowing, teaching and developing the concepts of empathy and compassion in nursing education is important for raising nurses who can provide compassionate care with a high level of empathy. The practice of mindfulness should always have a prominent role in nursing education. Its correlation with empathy and compassion should be consistently highlighted.

Compassion in three perspectives: Associations with depression and suicidal ideation in a clinical adolescent sample

Abstract Background Adolescence is a critical period for mental development where the consequences of psychopathologies can be exceedingly harmful, and compassion has been identified as a protective factor for adolescents’ mental well-being. Aim The aim of this study was to explore three perspectives of compassion – Self-compassion, Compassion for others, and Compassion from others – and their relationship with depression and suicidal ideation in adolescents. Method This Swedish cross-sectional study included 259 psychiatric patients (ages 16–22). Participants completed a survey including the self-assessment scales “Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale – Second Edition” (RADS-2), “Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire – Junior Version” (SIQ-JR), and “Compassion Engagement and Action Scale – Youth” (CEAS-Y). Linear regression analyses were used to determine whether participants’ levels of compassion predicted depression and suicidal ideation. Results Self-compassion and Compassion from others significantly predicted both depression and suicidal ideation. Girls, on average, reported higher levels of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation and lower levels of self-compassion compared to boys. The correlation between compassion and depressive symptoms, however, appeared to be stronger in boys. There was also a positive correlation between Compassion for others and suicidal ideation. Conclusions The results suggest that Self-compassion and Compassion from others may have a significant protective effect against depression and suicidal ideation, especially in boys. However, due to the relatively small sample of boys (n = 40), further research is needed before any solid conclusion can be drawn regarding possible gender differences. Additionally, the combination of low Self-compassion and higher levels of Compassion for others may be associated with suicidal ideation.

Protective roles of empathy and compassion against loneliness early in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

ImportanceThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has caused concern of an impending “second wave” of loneliness and mental health problems following social disruption that included mandates to physically and socially distance from others. Research is needed to identify factors that can mitigate loneliness, which results from perceptions that one's social connections are less than desirable. ObjectiveWe examined whether individual differences in empathy and compassion would predict loneliness in a large sample of adults surveyed early in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic controlling for social desirability and loneliness risk factors. DesignUsing a cross-sequential design, a baseline survey was fielded at seven time points (every two weeks) to seven different cohorts from March 22 to June 15, 2020. For each cohort, a follow-up survey was fielded one month after each baseline survey. ParticipantsParticipants who comprised the seven cohorts were recruited from two U.S. convenience samples, Amazon Mechanical Turk and Qualtrics Online Panels. The response rate across the follow-up surveys was 59% (total N = 3262). Main outcomes and measuresWe hypothesized that dispositional empathy and compassion at baseline would be associated with lower levels of loneliness at one-month follow-up. ResultsHigher empathy at baseline (Beta = -0.03; 95% CI -0.05 to -0.02; P < .001) was associated with lower loneliness at follow-up, even after controlling for social desirability and other loneliness risk factors. Higher compassion at baseline (Beta = -0.03; 95% CI -0.05 to -0.01; P < .001) was also associated with lower loneliness at follow-up. Conclusion and relevanceWe found that early in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, higher levels of empathy and compassion predicted lower levels of loneliness one month later. Future research, including experimental designs, should examine whether increasing empathy, or the tendency to share others’ positive and negative feelings, can confer a protective effect against perceived social isolation during collective trauma characterized by physical and social distancing.

Do the Compassion and Spirituality Levels of TurkishNursing Students Influence their Attitudes Toward Organ Donation?

This study was a descriptive-correlational design whichevaluated the relationship between compassion and spirituality levels and attitudes toward organ donation among Turkish nursing students. Asample of 296 participants studying in the nursing department of a foundation university in the spring semester of the 2021-2022 academic year was formed. A descriptive information form, Spirituality Scale, Compassion Scale, and Organ Donation Attitude Scale were used for data collection. Pearson correlation and multivariate regression analysis were used to evaluate scale scores. The compassion levels of students were high, their attitudes toward organ donation were positive and strong, and their level of spirituality ([Formula: see text]= 18.71 ± 6.10) was slightly above average. Higher levels of spirituality and compassion were positively correlated with positive attitudes toward organ donation (p < 0.05). The compassion and spirituality of nurses should be high for raising public awareness of organ donation.

Perceptions of Farm Animal Sentience and Suffering: Evidence from the BRIC Countries and the United States

In this study, we examined how beliefs about farm animal sentience and their suffering vary across culture and demographic characteristics. A total of N = 5027) questionnaires were administered in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and the USA. Brazilians showed higher and Chinese lower levels of perceived animal sentience. In Russia and India, the perception of suffering and sentience increases with age, with similar levels to those observed in the USA. In all the countries, more people agreed than disagreed that animals are sentient. Men in India show higher levels of agreement with the relation between eating meat and animal suffering, followed by women in Brazil and China. Lower levels of agreement are observed in Americans and Chinese. Women show higher levels of compassion than men. In Russia, there is a slightly higher level of agreement between men and in the USA younger men agree more. Young American men show higher levels of agreement, while in India and China age has the opposite effect. For fair trading competition, it is important to standardize procedures and respect the demand for both animal protein and its ethical production. Overall, our results showed that perceptions of farm animal sentience and suffering vary substantially across countries and demographic groups. These differences could have important consequences for the perceived ethicality of meat production and consumption, and for global trade in animal products.

Therapeutic Process of Change During Participation in the Parents Under Pressure Program for a Cohort of Parents Who Misuse Substances

ObjectivesDespite a large evaluation literature for interventions aiming to improve the lives of families affected by parent substance misuse, very few studies have examined how families change when engaged with treatment. This study examines the interactive process of change in parent psychopathology and mindful parenting during participation in the Parents under Pressure (PuP) program for parents engaged in community addiction services.MethodsParents (n = 164) provided baseline, mid- and end-treatment measures of parent psychopathology and mindful parenting. Cross-lagged modelling was used to examine therapeutic process of change.ResultsParent psychopathology decreased, and mindful parenting increased from baseline to end-treatment (ps < .001). Less psychopathology at mid-treatment predicted higher levels of overall mindful parenting upon completion of the PuP program (p = .005). Examination of the mindful parenting dimensions revealed variation in the therapeutic process of change. While higher levels of Non-Judgemental Acceptance of Parental Functioning (NJAPF) at baseline predicted lower psychopathology at mid-treatment (p = .03), higher levels of Compassion for Child (CC) at baseline predicted greater psychopathology at mid-treatment (p = 0.004). Higher levels of NJAPF mid-treatment predicted lower psychopathology upon treatment completion (p = .023), yet higher levels of Emotional Awareness of Child (EAC) at mid-treatment predicted greater psychopathology upon treatment completion (p = .023). Lower parent psychopathology at mid-treatment predicted higher levels of LFA, EAC, Self-Regulation in Parenting and NJAPF upon completion of the PuP program (ps < .05).ConclusionsThe findings highlight the importance of reducing parent psychopathology as a precursor to more mindful parenting and also provide new evidence regarding the way in which variation in mindful parenting dimensions influences the therapeutic process of change.

Managing during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study of health care workers' perceived organizational support and its consequences on their compassion, resilience and turnover intention.

AimTo evaluate healthcare professionals’ perceived organizational support and its effect on their compassion, resilience, and turnover intention in the United Arab Emirates.BackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic exerted unprecedented pressure on healthcare systems, professionals, and management systems. Healthcare organizations begin to explore their roles and function in relation to risks and resilience, in addition to ascertain what level of organization support they are providing to their workers.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted with a questionnaire administered to 538 healthcare workers, to examine their personal resources and organizational support during the pandemic.Results37.7% of nurses were found to have a moderate level of resilience, and logistic regression showed that being married is a protective factor against resigning from the profession (OR = 0.462, P = 0.012, 95% CI: 0.254–0.842), and healthcare workers who perceived higher organizational support were approximately 50% less likely to have a turnover intention (OR = 0.506, P = 0.009, 95% CI: 0.303–0.845). Multiple linear regression model indicated significantly higher resilience among physicians (β = 0.12, P < 0.05) and allied healthcare practitioners (β = 0.12, P = 0.022). Organizational support had a significant positive relationship with resilience scores (β =0.20, P <.001); adequate training was significantly related to higher compassion levels (β = 0.11, P < 0.05); and high organizational support scores were associated with increased compassion scores (β = 0.27, P <.001).ConclusionsFront‐line healthcare workers reported moderate organizational support during the pandemic, commensurately reflected in moderate levels of personal resilience and self‐compassion. Continued and better support is vital for employee sustainability and the increased health system performance, including quality of care and patient outcomes.Implications for nursing managementNurse managers should help healthcare workers improve self‐care strategies by strengthening personal resources, including by shortened duty hours, offering adequate break time, providing a safe work climate, and purveying adequate personal protective equipment and supplies to combat infections. They should build an empathetic work environment through understanding the needs of staff, helping tackle their work stress and sustaining cultures of compassion through promoting rewarding and flexibility strategies. Moreover, policymakers and nurse mangers should create a rewarding culture for nurses and other healthcare workers to increase their commitment to their jobs.

A Qualitative Study Exploring the Impact the Self-Compassion App Has on Levels of Compassion, Self-Criticism, and Wellbeing

Self-guided, smartphone apps may be helpful in reducing symptoms associated with psychological distress and may boost wellbeing, and levels of compassion. To our knowledge this is the first study to examine the impact a 28-day app based on Compassion Focused Therapy and Compassionate Mind Training has on participant’s levels of compassion, wellbeing, and self-criticism. The Self-Compassion App includes exercises, meditations, quotes, a daily wisdom, and audios, all of which aim to help individuals develop compassion for themselves, experience compassion from others, and be more compassionate to other people.&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;The aim of the study was to explore participants’ experiences of the app, including ease of use, preferred sessions, barriers, as well as perceived impact on well-being, self-compassion, and self-criticism.&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;Nine members of staff and eight students from The University of Salford took part in two focus groups; one for staff and one for students approximately four-six weeks after use of the app.&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;The analysis highlighted eight themes: (1) &lt;em&gt;Thinking of my experiences differently &lt;/em&gt;(2) &lt;em&gt;Soothing the threat: Managing the three systems &lt;/em&gt;(3) &lt;em&gt;Stop, reflect, and befriend the self-critic &lt;/em&gt;(4) &lt;em&gt;Looking after me: The therapist within&lt;/em&gt; (5) &lt;em&gt;Fears, Blocks, and Resistances &lt;/em&gt;(6) &lt;em&gt;Looking back at the good things in life&lt;/em&gt; (7) &lt;em&gt;Gender of Therapist&lt;/em&gt; (8) &lt;em&gt;An ap(p)t App. &lt;/em&gt;Following use of the app, participants reported that they were more supportive of themselves, connected with their compassionate self, befriended their inner critic, experienced gratitude, and in times of personal struggles, reminded themselves that the present moment was an opportunity for compassion to be applied.&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;The COVID-19 pandemic had, and continues to have, a negative impact on the mental health of many people. Therefore considering interventions that utilise technology with the aim of boosting wellbeing, levels of compassion, and reducing self-criticism is imperative.

Associations of social processing abilities with psychosocial stress sensitivity

Through the long-term activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, chronic psychosocial stress can compromise mental and bodily health. Psychosocial stress is determined by the perception of social interactions as ego-threatening, and thus strongly influenced by individual social processing capacities. In the current study, we investigated whether three key components of social processing are linked to how individuals respond to the experience of acute psychosocial stress exposure. Empathy, compassion, and Theory of Mind (ToM) were assessed using a state-of-the-art paradigm, the EmpaToM. Participants (N = 118) also underwent the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), a standardized psychosocial laboratory stress test. Stress responses were measured in terms of salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase, heart-rate, high-frequency heart-rate variability (HF-HRV), and subjective stress experience. ToM performance correlated with different aspects of the acute psychosocial stress response. More specifically, higher levels of ToM were linked to increased alpha-amylase and reduced HF-HRV sensitivity to stress. Empathy and compassion levels had no influence on stress sensitivity. We conclude that ToM performance has a stable albeit contradictory association with acute psychosocial stress, while empathy and compassion tendencies appear to be largely unrelated. Overall, the relationship between EmpaToM-derived empathy, compassion, and ToM characteristics with stress sensitivity in the TSST is relatively weak.

That’s so immoral! Investigating the effects of moral violations reported in the form of (in)complete moral dyads in news articles on emotions and memory

Abstract As journalists are expected to report on events where expectations and rules are transgressed, they often report on moral violations (such as murder, tax evasion, or unjust political decisions). Exposed to journalistic reports on violations of their moral principles, individuals instantly feel that these actions are wrong. According to theories of morality, immorality perceptions are associated with specific cognitive and affective reactions. In two studies, we used the concept of a moral dyad to (a) define moral news content and (b) analyze emotional reactions and memory effects of intuitive perceptions of immorality. In both studies, immorality led to higher levels of anger and compassion, but impaired memory with effects hinging on perception of immorality. These perceptions further did not differ across different presentations of dyads. Our findings show the usefulness to employ a lens of morality to look at the entire news production and reception process.

Compassion Scale Validity and Reliability Study

The aim of this study is to develop a valid and reliable scale that can be used to determine the level of reflecting the value of compassion on the attitudes and behaviors of primary school children. The sample of the research consists of 300 classroom teachers working in Şanlıurfa. The data were collected with the draft scale form prepared for the thesis study. Data were collected with a draft scale form containing 47 items. First, KMO and Bartlet test analyzes were performed on the obtained data set . Values were examined and construct validity and distinctiveness analysis were performed within the scope of validity analysis, and internal consistency analysis was performed within the scope of reliability analysis. After the analysis, a scale structure consisting of 28 items gathered under a single factor was reached. The scale was named the “Compassion Scale”. The KMO value of the scale was 0.966; Bartlett Test values are x2=5992,493 sd =46; p&amp;lt;0.001. The validity of the scale was examined by exploratory factor analysis and distinctiveness analysis. The factor loads of the scale items are between 0.597 and 0.754. The total amount of variance explained is 54,821%. The item-total correlation coefficients were positive and significant at the p&amp;lt;0.001 level. Within the scope of the reliability examination of the scale, the Cronbach Alpha coefficient was calculated within the scope of the internal consistency examination and was determined as 0.965. These obtained values were evaluated within the scope of the limit values expressed in the literature, and it was concluded that the Compassion Scale is a valid and reliable scale that can be used to determine the compassion levels of primary school students.

The Influence of Visual Frame Combinations in Solutions Journalism Stories

This study investigated how visual framing influences discrete emotional responses, empathy, behavioral intentions, and efficacy in reaction to visual solutions journalism. A 2 (story topic: drug addiction, homelessness) × 4 (visual frame condition: no photo, solution-only, problem-only, combination) mixed design experiment revealed that images showing only social problems elicited the lowest levels of compassion in viewers, challenging long-held assumptions about the utility of social problem imagery. Image pairs showing both problems and solutions were revealed to be effective at eliciting moderate levels of emotional response, including hope, compassion, and empathy.

Measuring compassion toward others: Dimensionality of the compassion scale in community adolescents and in adolescents with behavioral disorders.

Compassion toward others has been defined as the sensitivity to the suffering of others with the genuine commitment to relieve/prevent it. The Compassion Scale (CS) measures this construct and despite its relevance during adolescence, studies have been mostly conducted with adults. This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Compassion Scale-Adolescents (CS-A) in community adolescents (n = 658; 409 girls) and in boys with behavioral disorders (n = 183), from 14 to 18 years old. Results showed the adequacy of a hierarchical-CFA measurement model, with a general score of compassion and four specific factors (i.e., Kindness, Common Humanity, Mindfulness and Indifference). Measurement invariance was tested across samples. Community girls presented higher levels of compassion when compared to boys. Also, behaviorally disturbed boys presented decreased levels of compassion when compared to community boys. Evidence for reliability and construct validity is also provided. The CS-A allows future research between genders in community adolescents. Additionally, future research exploring compassion using the CS-A, between community boys and samples of behaviorally disturbed boys, is now possible. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Does Compassion-Focused Therapy-Based Online Intervention Work for Chinese International Students With High Self-Criticism? A Randomized Controlled Trail

Self-criticism represents a central phenomenon among a variety of psychological distress and has been shown to relate to the motivational systems of competing and social ranking. The purpose of our study was to test the effect of online compassion-focused therapy (CFT)-based intervention (CFI) on Chinese international students in South Korea suffering from high self-criticism and related psychological distress. Thirty-two Chinese international students with a high level of self-criticism were randomized to either a four-session CFI group, a four-session rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT)—based online self-help approach group, or a wait-list (WL) control group. The results suggest that the CFI group demonstrated significant improvements in self-criticism, compassion, depression, anxiety, and shame, and these were greater than those in the REBT and WL groups. Our work provides evidence that CFI offers a possible approach for reducing self-criticism and related psychological distress and increasing compassion level for young Chinese populations.

The Mediating Role of Compassion between Social Job Resources, and Healthy Healthcare Professionals: A Cross-Sectional Study with Gender Perspective.

The aim of this study is to examine the role of Compassion towards others as a mediator between Social Job Resources (social support climate, coordination, and positive leadership), Healthy Employees (psychological well-being such as resilience, engagement, and optimism) and Healthy Organisational Outcomes (in-role performance, extra-role performance and commitment) from a gender perspective in healthcare professionals. Through the multiple analyses of variance, structural equation models, and multiple-group analyses in a sample of 1420 healthcare professionals from different public and private hospitals in Spain, this study proved the existence of gender differences, with women perceiving higher levels of Compassion. Moreover, this study shows that Compassion partially mediates the relationship between Social Job Resources and Healthy Employees. In addition, Compassion partially mediates the relationship between Social Job Resources and Healthy Organisational Outcomes. Finally, Healthy Employees mediate the positive relationship between Social Job Resources and Healthy Organisational Outcomes. This is an innovative contribution to the limited research examining Compassion towards others as a personal resource that can have a positive impact in the workplace. The results also propose a way to develop and conduct interventions in order to increase Compassion towards others in the healthcare context.

Compassion and extracurricular activities of Portuguese Health Sciences students in Portugal

BackgroundCompassion, one of the items of empathy, is crucial in health care professions. So, the evaluation of the levels of compassion of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Master Degrees’ (M.D.) students of the public Colleges in Portugal according to the type of Master Degree and the participation in extracurricular activities (E.A.) was a task to be performed.MethodsCross-sectional study in 2020, applying an on-line questionnaire including the “Compassion” items of the Jefferson Medical Empathy Scale – Students’ version and questions about the participation in E.A.ResultsA sample of 901 students was studied. Its distribution by participation in E.A. did not differ significantly between M.D. (p = 0,854), most of the students participating in E.A. Using quartile distribution of compassion, the distribution of compassion levels was different among the three I.M. (p < 0.001), between Colleges (p < 0.001), and between curricular years (p < 0.001), with not different between genders (p = 0.036). For 56.4%, 74,6% and 69,5% of the respondents there was “medium-low” and “low” compassion for I.M. in Medicine, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Dentistry. These levels were also more prevalent among students in the 1st and 5th years. Levels of compassion were not different with the participation (p = 0,865), type (p = 0,177) and frequency of E.A. (p = 0,109).ConclusionsFor their importance in future health care professionals, compassion and their differences found among the M.Ds. of this area deserve future studies. Levels of compassion showed differences between the M.D. studied and academic years of frequency. There was no relationship between the participation, type, and frequency of E.A. and the students’ levels of compassion.The distribution of the level of compassion did not vary significantly with participation in E.A. (p = 0.865), with the type of E.A. (p = 0.177), with the frequency of E.A. (p = 0.109) or with the answer to the question “The practice of E.A. can make a person more compassionate?” (p = 0.503).

Bireylerin Kendilerine ve “Öteki”lere Karşı Merhamet Düzeylerinin Dinî Yönelimleri Açısından İncelenmesi

Merhamet, insana insanlık vasfını kazandıran en temel duygulardan biridir. Bu duygunun ortaya çıkıp gelişmesi ve ilişkilerin merkezine konumlanmasında işlevsel değeriyle ön plana çıkan en önemli olgulardan biri de dindir. Nitekim dinî öğreti, insanlığın iyiliği için fıtrata en uygun yaşamın sınırlarını çizmeye ve “merhamet ahlakı”nı yüreklere yerleştirmeye çalışmakta ve müntesiplerini daha merhametli olmaları konusunda teşvik etmektedir. Bu nedenle araştırmada samimi bir dinî bağlanma içerisinde olan bireylerin hem kendilerine karşı hem de ‘öteki’lere karşı daha mı merhametli oldukları sorusunun cevabı aranacaktır. Özellikle dine içsel olarak motive olan bireylerin daha merhametli olacakları varsayımına dayanılan bu araştırmada, bireylerin hem kendilerine hem de ötekilere karşı merhamet düzeylerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Nicel bir yaklaşımla ele alınan araştırmada ilişkisel tarama yöntemine uygun olarak anket tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın nicel verilerini elde etmek için kişisel bilgi formunun yanı sıra ‘Dinî Yönelim’, ‘Merhamet’ ve ‘Öz-Anlayış’ ölçekleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri, 2021 yılına ait olup, Ağustos- Aralık ayları arasında internet tabanlı anket yoluyla (Google Forms) elde edilmiştir. Araştırmada, yaş ortalaması 30 olan çalışma grubunun gönüllülük esasına uygun olarak doldurduğu 579 anket formu değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre çalışma grubunun hem dinî yönelim hem öz anlayış (=3,29) hem de merhamet (=4,08) ölçeklerinden aldıkları puan, ortanın üstünde bulgulanmıştır. Bu bulgulara göre katılımcıların dünyevi işlerinde dinin rehberliği doğrultusunda hareket ettikleri ve Allah’ın varlığını güçlü bir şekilde hissederek O’na ibadet etme noktasında hassas davrandıkları söylenebilir. Ayrıca araştırma bulgularına göre hem kendilerine hem de ötekilere karşı anlayışlı nazik ve ilgili olan katılımcılar, acı veren durumlarda dengeli bir bakış açısına sahip olup, başarısızlıkları insan olmanın doğal bir sonucu olarak değerlendirmeye meyyaldirler. Kendilerine ve ötekilere karşı yıkıcı eleştiriden uzak olma eğiliminde olan katılımcıların öz eleştiri noktasında da kontrollü oldukları söylenebilir. Yine araştırma bulgularına göre zor durumda olan insanlara karşı ilgisiz kalmak yerine yardım etme eğilimi gösteren katılımcıların, insanların sıkıntılarını gidermeye yönelik bir tutum içinde olduklarını söylemek mümkündür. Araştırmanın en önemli bulgularından biri, dinî yönelim ile öz-anlayış (r=.224) ve merhamet (r=.324) arasında yüksek olmasa da pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki olduğunun tespit edilmiş olmasıdır (p

Exploring How Visualization Design and Situatedness Evoke Compassion in the Wild

AbstractThis work explores how the design and situatedness of data representations affect people's compassion with a case study concerning harassment episodes in a public place. Results contribute to advancing the understanding of how visualizations can evoke emotions and their impact on prosocial behaviors, such as helping people in need. Recent literature examined the effect of different on‐screen data representations on emotion or prosociality, but little has been done concerning visualizations shown in a public place — especially a space contextually relevant to the data — or presented through unconventional media formats such as physical marks. We conducted two in‐the‐wild studies to investigate how different factors affect people's self‐reported compassion and intention to donate. We compared three ways of presenting data about the harassment cases: (1) communicating data only verbally; (2) using a printed poster with aggregated information; and (3) using a physicalization with detailed information about each story. We found that the physicalization influenced people to donate more than only hearing about the data, but it is unclear if the same applied to the poster visualization. Also, passers‐by reported a likely small increase in compassion when they saw the physicalization instead of the poster. We also examined the role of situatedness by showing the physicalization in a site that is not contextually relevant to the data. Our results suggest that people had a similar intention to donate and levels of compassion in both places. Those findings may indicate that using specific visualization designs to support campaigns about sensitive causes (e.g., sexual harassment) can increase the emotional response of passers‐by and may motivate them to help, independently of where the data representation is shown. Finally, this work also informs on the strengths and weaknesses of using research in the wild to evaluate data visualizations in public spaces.