Level Of Community Awareness Research Articles

COVID-19 Resilience and Risk Reduction Intervention in Rural Populations of Western India: Retrospective Evaluation.

Globally, especially in the low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), rural populations were more susceptible to the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic due to lower levels of community awareness, poor hygiene, and health literacy accompanying pre-existing weak public health systems. Consequently, various community-based interventions were engineered in rural regions worldwide to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic by empowering people to mount both individual and collective public health responses against the pandemic. However, to date, there is paucity of information on the effectiveness of any large-scale community intervention in controlling and mitigating the effects of COVID-19, especially from the perspective of LMICs. This retrospective impact evaluation study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a large-scale rural community-based intervention, the COVID-Free Village Program (CFVP), on COVID-19 resilience and control in rural populations in Maharashtra, India. The intervention site was the rural areas of the Pune district where CFVP was implemented from August 2021 to February 2022, while the adjoining district, Satara, represented the control district where the COVID-Free Village Scheme was implemented. Data were collected during April-May 2022 from 3500 sample households in villages across intervention and comparison arms by using the 2-stage stratified random sampling through face-to-face interviews followed by developing a matched sample using propensity score matching methods. The participants in Pune had a significantly higher combined COVID-19 awareness index by 0.43 (95% CI 0.29-0.58) points than those in Satara. Furthermore, the adherence to COVID-appropriate behaviors, including handwashing, was 23% (95% CI 3%-45%) and masking was 17% (0%-38%) higher in Pune compared to those in Satara. The probability of perception of COVID as a serious illness in patients with heart disease was 22% (95% CI 1.036-1.439) higher in Pune compared to that in Satara. The awareness index of COVID-19 variants and preventive measures were also higher in Pune by 0.88 (95% CI 0.674-1.089) points. In the subgroup analysis, when the highest household educational level was restricted to middle school, the awareness about the COVID-control program was 0.69 (95% CI 0.36-1.021) points higher in Pune, while the awareness index of COVID-19 variants and preventive measures was higher by 0.45 (95% CI 0.236-0.671) points. We did not observe any significant changes in the overall COVID-19 vaccination coverage due to CFVP implementation. Furthermore, the number of COVID-19 deaths in both the sampled populations were very low. The probability of observing COVID-19-related stigma or discrimination in Pune was 68% (95% CI 0.133-0.191) lower than that in Satara. CFVP contributed to improved awareness and sustainability of COVID-appropriate behaviors in a large population although there was no evidence of higher COVID-19 vaccination coverage or reduction in mortality, signifying potential applicability in future pandemic preparedness, especially in resource-constrained settings.

Impact of the first year of the “This Girl Can” physical activity and sport mass media campaign in Australia

IntroductionAddressing gender inequalities in physical activity is an important public health goal. A major campaign, ‘This Girl Can’ (TGC) was conducted by Sport England from 2015, and TGC was licenced in 2018 by VicHealth in Australia for development and use in a 3-year mass media campaign. The campaign was adapted through formative testing to Australian conditions and implemented within the state of Victoria. The purpose of this evaluation was to assess the initial population impact of the first wave of the TGC-Victoria.MethodsWe assessed campaign impact using serial population surveys, with the target population being women living in Victoria who were not meeting the current physical activity guidelines. Two surveys were carried out before the campaign (October 2017 and March 2018), and the post-campaign survey immediately following the first wave of TGC-Victoria mass media (May 2018). Analyses were primarily on the cohort sample of 818 low-active women followed across all three surveys. We measured campaign effects using campaign awareness and recall, and self-report measures of physical activity behaviour and perceptions of being judged. Changes in perceptions of being judged and in reported physical activity were assessed in relation to campaign awareness over time.ResultsOverall, TGC-Victoria campaign recall increased from 11.2% pre-campaign to 31.9% post-campaign, with campaign awareness more likely among younger and more educated women. There was a slight increase of 0.19 days in weekly physical activity following the campaign. Feeling that being judged was a barrier to physical activity declined at follow up, as did the single item perceptions of feeling judged (P < 0.01). Feeling embarrassed decreased, and self-determination increased, but exercise relevance, theory of planned behaviour and self-efficacy scores did not change.ConclusionsThe initial wave of the TGC-Victoria mass media campaign showed reasonably high levels of community awareness and encouraging decreases in women feeling judged whilst being active, but these did not yet translate into overall physical activity gains. Further waves of the TGC-V campaign are in progress to reinforce these changes and further influence the perception of being judged among low-active Victorian women.

Epileptic seizure first aid practices of publics in Northwest Ethiopia 2021: Unsafe practices of nearly three-fourths of the community.

Religious and sociocultural beliefs influence how people with epilepsy (PWE) are treated and cared for. Many communities in Africa and other developing countries, including Ethiopia, believe that epilepsy is caused by evil spirits and should be treated with herbal plants by traditional doctors and religious leaders. The combination of these sociocultural beliefs and the level of community awareness of epilepsy affect first aid practices in the management of epileptic seizures. This study aimed to assess epileptic seizure first aid practice of public and its associated factors in Northwest Ethiopia, south Gondar zone, Amhara, Ethiopia 2021. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted using a previously adapted standard questionnaire. A multistage cluster sampling technique was applied. A total of 756 participants were approached and 741 respondents completed the questionnaire with a response rate of 98.02%. Data were entered into Epi data version 4.4.2 and then exported to Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 24 for analysis. Descriptive and analytical statistical procedures and bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regressions with odds ratios and 95% confidence interval (CI) were employed. The level of significance of the association was determined at p < 0.05. Overall, 71.7% (95%CI: 68.3, 74.9) of the south Gondar community had unsafe practice measures in managing patients with seizure episodes. Individuals who were illiterate [adjusted odd ratio (AOR) = 1.99, 95%CI: 1.00.3.97] and participants who did not take training related to epilepsy (AOR = 2.07, 95%CI: 1.35, 3.17) and had poor knowledge about (AOR = 1.51, 95%CI: 1.06, 2.14) and a negative attitude toward epilepsy (AOR = 2.20, 95%CI: 1.50, 3.22) had unsafe practices compared to their counterparts. Conversely, participants who reached secondary education had safe practice measures (AOR = 0.4, 95%CI: 0.26, 0.63) in the management of epileptic seizures. In this study, large numbers of the south Gondar community had unsafe practice measures in managing people with epileptic seizure episodes. Greater emphasis should be laid on individuals who were illiterate, in the provision of health education and/or training for the community to help them to acquire good knowledge about epilepsy and develop a positive attitude toward epilepsy.

Why people die of active tuberculosis in the era of effective chemotherapy in Southern Ethiopia: A qualitative study

BackgroundHigh TB mortality is increasingly understood as an indicator of different problems in the health system and community. Limited awareness of TB in the community, restricted accessibility and/or quality of health services can hamper survival. Exploration and analysis of death among TB patients can lead to a clearer and specific understanding of why the deaths happened and where interventions are likely to make a difference in a specific context. ObjectiveThe study aimed to assess why people die of active tuberculosis in the era of effective chemotherapy. MethodsThe study was conducted from October to December 2020 in Arba Minch Health and Demographic Surveillance System (AM-HDSS) by applying phenomenological study design. A total of 27 family members of people who had died of TB, 9 health extension workers (HEW) and 8 health care professionals working in TB clinics were participated in open in-depth interview. A total of 130 individuals participated in 16 focus group discussion which composed of patient survived from TB, religious leader, health development army (HAD) and HEWs. Adequacy of information (saturation) was considered as an adequate sample size to create the intended qualitative product. All the interviews and FGD were tape recorded and recordings were transcribed immediately. ATLAS TI 9 software was used to analyse and process qualitative data. From data set codes were created then by identifying pattern among them themes were created. Then, generated themes were compared and some of them were split, combined, discarded and new ones created after returning to data set. Finally, themes were defined and a concise and easily understandable name was given for each theme. ResultLuck of sufficient knowledge about TB was considered to be a reason for cause of death. Most of the time, TB patients underestimate and ignore when the symptoms first emerge and will not relate it with any diseases. The low level of community awareness about the cause, transmission, treatment and prevention highly contributed to increased transmission rate and death due to TB. The study identified misconceptions in the community; they prefer traditional medicine to the scientific way. First, they try different herbal medicine to get relief from their illness. At the end, if the disease is getting worse, they visit health facilities. Participants mentioned high transportation cost, poor health seeking behaviours, inadequate food consumption and lack of TB awareness as reasons for low treatment adherence. The health facilities were inaccessible for the community. Most of them indicated that health facilities were too far to reach. In some health institution, right amount and combination of medication were not delivery on time and Diagnostic facilities for TB were reported to be inadequate. ConclusionPoor treatment adherence, lack of TB awareness, stigma, inadequate food consumption, poor health care seeking behaviour and inaccessibility of health facility were identified as major reasons for death. To prevent death of TB patients all sectors such as education, health, and agriculture should work to address health education, infrastructures, nutritional supplementation needs of TB patients, caregivers and the community as a whole.

TINGKAT AWARENESS MASYARAKAT TERHADAP BENCANA TSUNAMI DI KECAMATAN CARITA, KABUPATEN PANDEGLANG BANTEN

The tsunami on Carita Coast caused considerable losses, damages, and casualties. The casualties can be caused by the unpreparedness of the community in dealing with tsunami. This study aims are to determine the level of community awareness to overcome the tsunami in Carita District, Pandeglang. Data was collected by spreading questionnaires to 158 respondents and then analyzing by validity test, reliability test and descriptive analysis. The result shown that the level of community awareness of tsunami disaster in Carita (Case Study of Sukarame Village, Sukajadi Village, Carita Village, Banjarmasin Village and Pejamben Village) was 14% of the total respondents are low awareness, then there are 35% of people have moderate awareness level, and 51% have an elevated level of awareness of the tsunami disaster. Overall, the level of community awareness in dealing with tsunami is included in the sufficient category. The community awareness has increased significantly after experiencing the tsunami in 2018 compared to before the disaster. The socialization was still needed to improve community preparedness behaviors in overcoming the tsunami.

An Examination of Community Awareness and Understanding of Patron Banning Provisions in Western Australia: Implications for Policy Development and Success

Individuals who engage in problematic behaviours within Australian night-time entertainment precincts can be banned from entering certain locations. Bans are expected to deter recipients and the wider community from further inappropriate behaviours. The collective effect is intended to reduce crime and increase safety within entertainment precincts. This study examined public awareness and understanding of two patron banning mechanisms (police barring notices and prohibition orders) used across Western Australia (WA). An anonymous survey was completed by 1018 respondents, and interviews were conducted with 54 stakeholders. Survey participants had limited awareness of patron banning: 75% had not heard of police barring notices; 87% had not heard of prohibition orders. Knowledge was higher for individuals directly associated with a ban recipient. Stakeholders also perceived a low level of community awareness and understanding of patron banning. Patron banning may have some merit as a specific deterrent for recipients but, in WA, the lack of public knowledge means that the banning provisions may currently have limited effect as a general deterrent. Public awareness should be increased in order to optimise the direct and consequential effects of patron banning policy.

코로나-19 팬데믹 하 도시 취약계층 노인의 우울 관련요인: 다차원적 사회적 관계요인을 중심으로

The purpose of this study is to examine the level of depression and social relations of urban low income elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to compare the factors related to depression according to participation or continuation of regular social activities. This study used survey data from ‘Small-area Health Disparity Reduction Project: a Health and Wellness Program for Seniors in A-gu, Seoul’, sponsored by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency(KDCA) and Seoul city government. Referring to previous studies and the theoretical framework by Berkman et al.(2000), the research model investigated the relationship between depression and micro, mezzo, and macro levels of social relation factors. As a result, 15% of the study participants reported depression. Social support, social activities(micro), and contact frequency with friends measured by network structure and characteristics(mezzo) was significantly associated with depression. As a result of sub-analysis, social relation factors were not associated with depression in the non-participating group. Whereas, recognized social support(micro) decreased depression in both the discontinued and sustained group. Also, in the discontinued group, contact frequency with friends and level of community awareness(macro) were the protector factors of depression. Our results suggest the need for implementation of tailored health and welfare programs considering the characteristics of social networks, and provide evidence for multidimensional approaches to promote social relations and mental health of community dwelling elderly during the pandemic.

Knowledge, attitudes and practices towards lung cancer among adults in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: a cross-sectional survey.

BackgroundLung cancer remains the number one cause of cancer mortality estimated at 1.8 million deaths. There are limited studies in resource poor countries regarding knowledge, attitudes and practices towards lung cancer.ObjectiveThis study aimed to describe the knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding lung cancer in selected communities in KwaZulu- Natal, South Africa.MethodsAn observational, analytic cross-sectional study design was conducted using a standardized questionnaire. A stratified random cluster sampling method was applied across five communities. A regression model was developed to identify the predictors of the level of knowledge.ResultsAbout 59.9% (95% CI 52.0-67.3) of the participants reported to have heard of lung cancer. The mean knowledge score was 41.8% (95% CI 35.7-47.9%). Coughing blood was the most recognized symptom (61.0%, 95% CI 52.1-69.1). About 17% (95% CI 14.7-21.5) of participants reported to be smokers. Many respondents reported that they would go to a health centre or clinic in case they were coughing blood (72.4%, 95% CI 93.9-79.5). Less than 10% (95% CI 3.9-8.1) of participants was screened for lung cancer at the time. Gender, history of working in the chemicals industry, screening for lung cancer, and time taken to seek health care when sick were significant predictors of lung cancer knowledge.ConclusionsPublic health interventions should be explored to increase the levels of community awareness regarding lung cancer, particularly focusing on the importance of screening, early diagnosis and treatment. Keywords: Lung cancer, community awareness, screening, prevention.

Sosialisasi Dampak Sosial pada Masyarakat Lingkar Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus (KEK) Kabupaten Sorong

This socialization aims to increase the knowledge of the people around the Special Economic Zone (KEK) by using a persuasive approach for the Kokoda community in the KEK of Sorong Regency, the infrastructure of this activity can be seen from two things, namely the impact of the socio-economic community and the level of community awareness around the KEK of Sorong Regency. Therefore, it is important for the process of building public awareness to face open competition in special economic zones in the future. This socialization is used with a persuasive approach to the leaders of Kokoda in the area around the KEK. One reason for this approach is that it is much more effective than a collective movement. Because the social basis of society is still very strong with social patrons, it is important that we use a persuasive approach.&#x0D; &#x0D;

Potensi Kawasan Grembengan Menjadi Destinasi Wisata Edukasi di Desa Bongan, Tabanan, Bali

Grembengan area is a potential destination for educational tourism. Lack of awareness, understanding and knowledge of community about tourist villages have given an impact on level of community awareness. Stakeholder of the area is prefer to focus on how to bring tourists rather than solving the problems. The purpose of this research is to identify potential of Grembengan with the concept of Attraction, Accessibility, Amenity, Package, Activities, Ancillary in Bongan Village and what obstacles are faced in developing the area to become educational tourism. Qualitative research method through Focus Group Discussion. The conclusion of this study is that Grembengan has potential to become educational tourism, by fulfilling the identification of tourism components 6A. Two major problems are lack of community involvement and waste management. Community involvement is needed in the form of community empowerment as a solution to problems, as well as to maximize efforts to develop educational tourism destination.&#x0D; Keywords: Tourism Destinations, Educational Tourism, Tourism Village, Tourism Components.

CONSTITUTIONAL OBLIGATIONS OF INDONESIAN GOVERNMENT DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A CRITICAL APPRAISAL

The research aims to evaluate the Indonesian government’s constitutional obligations and responses to protect citizens from coronavirus. The research is normative legal research using a statute, case, and comparative approach. The research findings reveal that first, the 1945 Constitution and Indonesian Human Rights Act state that the government has a responsibility to protect citizens’ human rights. Also, Health Quarantine Act, Health Act, Disaster Management Act, and Outbreaks of Infectious Diseases Act mention that the government has responsibility for any health efforts carried out during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Second, the government’s policies, such as arranging the Covid-19 Task Force and performing Large-Scale Social Restrictions, were late, and lack of coordination between central and local governments. Third, the government’s obstacles in handling the Covid-19 Pandemic are the policy not implemented effectively and adequately, ignorance and slow responses from the beginning, and low level of community awareness and individual discipline. The research recommends that, in the future, the government shall immediately take some prevention efforts and implement a strict lockdown policy for regions that have reached a particular infection level. The community also has to build their awareness and discipline to help the government deal with the COVID-19. Therefore, the spread of COVID-19 can be appropriately anticipated and controlled.

Assessment of knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP) regarding directly observed therapy (DOT) in tuberculosis among ASHA workers from tribal subpopulation zone of Rajasthan.

A high level of community awareness and positive perception towards tuberculosis and its management is crucial for the successful outcome of any control measure. In India the Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) plays a key role in providing awareness and counselling on healthcare issues and management, particularly in remote areas. The tribal population is vulnerable to such infectious diseases due to resource limitations and remote locations. We assessed the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding directly observed therapy (DOT) among ASHA workers in the tribal belt of the Sirohi district of Rajasthan state. This cross-sectional study was conducted among ASHA workers of Sirohi district from January 2021 to June 2021. A predesigned and structured questionnaire was used to gather information on knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding the management of tuberculosis and DOT. A total of 95 ASHAs participated in the study with a mean age of 35.82 years. Good knowledge (Mean score = 6.2947 ± 1.08052) was observed regarding tuberculosis and DOT. 81% (n = 74) have good knowledge regarding DOT whereas most have a poor attitude and only 47% have adequate practice. A 55% of ASHAs did not adhere even a single TB patient in the last three years. In our study, knowledge gaps were identified which may result in substandard patient care. The structured refresher training towards DOT and also training to work in tribal areas will further improve the KAP of ASHAs. It might be needed to provide a module or curriculum regarding awareness among ASHAs for strengthening follow-up system for tuberculosis patients among the tribal population.

PEMBANGUNAN PARIWISATA BERKELANJUTAN DI DESA ADAT OSING KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI

Since its establishment as a traditional tourism village in 1995, Kemiren Village has transformed in its development process. This article aims to 1). describe sustainable tourism development in the Osing Cultural Village, Banyuwangi; 2). analyze the constraints for sustainable tourism development in the Osing Cultural Village, Banyuwangi, and 3). scrutinize the supporting factors for sustainable tourism development in the Osing Traditional Village, Banyuwangi Regency. By using a qualitative design, this study relies on the method of collecting data through in-depth interviews to obtain data from key informants. This research found that the tourism sector contributes significantly to the creation of job opportunities for the villagers. Even so, this economic development does not necessarily diminish the roots of culture and customs that have persisted for a long time. However, the level of community awareness of environmental sustainability still needs to be improved. In carrying out its function, the government continues to make maximum efforts to issue regulations that can ensure the success of sustainable tourism development in Kemiren Village.

The impact of mosquito proof lids of underground tanks \u201ctanka\u201d on the breeding of Anopheles stephensi in a village in western Rajasthan, India

BackgroundWestern Rajasthan in India has a typical desert climate. Until the introduction of the canal water irrigation system, malaria was an unstable and seasonal occurrence. Due to the scarcity of water, the community practised having one large underground tank (locally known as the tanka) in their house to collect rainwater for long-term household use. Anopheles stephensi, one of the major malaria vectors, breeds in improperly covered "tankas” if not properly covered and harbours a vector population throughout the year.MethodsTwo villages, Ajasar (intervention) and Tota (control), with similar ecological features, were selected for the study. A pre-intervention survey was carried out in both villages to assess the presence and quality of lids of tankas, and mosquito breeding and adult mosquito density. Awareness of the community about malaria and mosquitoes was also assessed during the pre-intervention period. In the intervention village, damaged or improper lids were replaced with improved mosquito proof polyvinyl chloride plastic (PVC) lids and lasted longer than the conventional lids. The fitness of the lids was assessed one year after the pre-intervention survey. The entomological assessment was carried out in both intervention and non-intervention villages. The level of community awareness about malaria, mosquitoes, their breeding places, and the role of tankas in malaria transmission was assessed both during pre- and post-intervention.ResultsDuring the pre-intervention survey,Anopheles breeding was found in 22.1% (58/262) of tankas in the intervention village and 27.1% (19/70) in tankas in the control village. Mosquito breeding was observed in the tankas with iron lids in the intervention village (48.3%) and the control village (42.1%). In the intervention village, out of 262 tankas in the village, 200 lids were replaced, resulting in the complete absence of mosquito breeding.In the pre-intervention survey conducted in May 2018, Anopheles stephensi consisted of 46% of adult mosquitoes in the intervention village and 55% in the control village. Its density was significantly reduced to 0.55 per man-hour (94.95%) and 0.22 per man-hour (97.8%) in the post-intervention survey in June 2018 and a follow-up survey in May 2019, respectively, in the intervention village.DiscussionThe density of Anopheles stephensi adults was reduced significantly (97.8%) in the intervention village due to complete prevention of breeding in the underground tankas in the intervention village as compared to the control with no density reduction. The awareness level of the community was also improved due to their involvement in the study.ConclusionProvision of proper metal lids or replacement of damaged lids on underground water storage tanks as an environmental management approach prevented the breeding of the malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi, in a desert village in western Rajasthan.

Penyuluhan Kesehatan Tentang Penyakit Yang Ditimbulkan Oleh Rokok di Desa Haurpanggung Kecamatan Tarogong Kidul Kabupaten Garut

Smoking behavior is a problem related to public health because it can cause various diseases and can even cause death for both smokers and those around them (passive smokers). Everyone already knows that smoking is harmful to health, but in fact smoking behavior is still very difficult to control. find out how much people know about the dangers of smoking. The method applied in this activity is counseling using slides with material related to diseases caused by smoking including the delivery of material about the dangers of smoking, health checks and questions and answers. The results obtained from the counseling were followed by 50 participants from Hauranggung Village including 34 people or 68% are female and 16 people or 32% are male and the level of community awareness of the dangers caused by smoking 86% or 43 residents are aware of the dangers of smoking and 14% or 7 residents do not understand the conclusions obtained from this outreach activity. increase people's knowledge of the dangers of smoking, the impact of smoking for both active and passive smokers and increase public awareness of the dangers of smoking by 86% or as many as 43 people out of 50 participants

AN ANALYSIS OF VULNERABILITY OF SRAGEN REGENCY AGAINST THE CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 PANDEMIC

In early 2020, WHO stated that Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) is a new type of coronavirus with high transmission and fatality. Indonesia is one of the countries exposed to Covid-19, where there has been a fluctuation in the number of victims exposed to Covid-19 since March 2020. Sragen Regency is one of the areas affected by Covid-19. This study aims to determine the level of vulnerability of the Sragen Regency to the Covid-19 pandemic and analyze the relationship between regional vulnerability and the number of Covid-19 cases (suspect, probable, confirmed, and discarded cases) in Sragen Regency. This research was conducted quantitatively by descriptive and inferential statistical analysis using the Spearman Rho test, preceded by tests of normality and homogeneity as a prerequisite test. The results indicated that the vulnerability of the Sragen Regency to Covid-19 was classified into high, medium, and low classes. High class dominated in 11 districts, medium class in 8 districts, and low class in 1 sub-district. Furthermore, the Spearman's rho test results were 0.084&gt;0.05, which means that there was a relationship between the regional vulnerability variable and the number of Covid-19 cases, but it was not significant. That is because of the effective handling of the Covid-19 pandemic and the high level of community awareness in the Sragen Regency.Keywords: Covid-19, Disaster, Pandemic, Regional Vulnerability, Sragen

THE ROLE OF INFAQ IN BASIC EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT IN THE ACEH COMMUNITY

After the tsunami disaster and Aceh political reconciliation, awareness of education’s importance began spreading to the villages. The awareness creation process is preferable because the prominent supporters of this effort are the people only. At the same time, the Indonesian government’s role is also active in gaining a positive image in the province. Therefore, this paper investigated the level of community awareness in setting aside a portion of the members’ income to build elementary schools, pay teacher salaries, and meet other educational needs. The result showed that the community movements were not positively correlated with management and awareness-raising and the general donation movement in Aceh. Besides, community education empowerment has been fast considering various possible future challenges to be encountered. Nevertheless, the targeted awareness has not been accompanied by public attention towards building higher-quality educational facilities and infrastructure

Peran Pemerintah Provinsi Sumatera Barat dalam Penertiban Pertambangan Batuan di Nagari Sikabu Kecamatan Lubuk Alung Kabupaten Padang Pariaman

This study aims to analyze the role of the West Sumatra Provincial Government in Control of Rock Mining in Sikabu village, Lubuk Alung sub-district, District of Padang Pariaman. As a background of this research is founded that the high level of rock mining exploitation activities in the form of landfill and sirtukil excavation had an impact on road and bridge infrastructure causing damage and disconnection of transportation routes around the mining area, while there was no improvement to the infrastructure. The focus of this research is how to control rock mining in the site. The role of the provincial government in controlling rock mining, and the factors that influence the role of the provincial government in controlling rock mining. The research is a qualitative research with a descriptive method. Data obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation study. The data validity test was done by using source triangulation technique. Data processing techniques with data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions.&#x0D; The results of this study indicate that the role of the West Sumatra provincial government which is part of an integrated regional law enforcement team (in accordance with the Decree of the Governor of West Sumatra Province Number 332-107-2019), is not running effectively because the role of the government as information is not well implemented. The lack of mining raids carried out by the government has an impact on the low level of community awareness. Many communities deliberately avoid mining raids which are only occasionally carried out by the government. In fact, this mining raid aims to provide socialization to the community about the importance of environmental balance in exploiting rock mines. Several factors that influence the role of the provincial government in controlling rock mining in the village of Sikabu are among others: a) Disparity of vision and mission among agencies that are members of the integrated regional law enforcement team. b) Limitation of provincial government budget for mining raids.

AWARENESS OF COMMUNITY ON THE CONSERVATION OF HERITAGE BUILDINGS IN GEORGE TOWN, PENANG

Having been gazetted as a World Heritage Site, George Town is known to have many heritage buildings that are more than a hundred years old. However, not all heritage buildings in George Town have appropriately been conserved by the local community, especially the owner and the tenant. This ignorance has caused severe issues of heritage buildings being neglected by the owner and the public. A stud has been carried out on the awareness of the local community in preserving historical buildings within George Town to gain insights into this issue. A quantitative method is used by distributing questionnaires to 387 respondents, which consists of the local community residing in George Town. The level of community awareness is measured to examine the extent of the local community being aware of the heritage buildings around them. Finding reveals that the community level of awareness to be moderate (mean=3.98), which reflects the ignorance of the local community in George Town towards preserving heritage buildings. Thus, the community in George Town is encouraged to be more vigilant in protecting the heritage buildings by joining activities related to heritage conservation held by the local authorities, NGOs, or even the local community. This activeness could ensure all the heritage buildings are protected from the effects of modernisation and be well-maintained for future use.

COVID-19 Home Based Management in Poor Resources Settings: A Case of Rwanda

COVID-19 is an infectious disease and can be transmitted from humans to humans through infected air droplets during coughing and sneezing or though contact with contaminated hands or surfaces. By March 01st 2021, World Health Organization (WHO) reported 113,820,168 confirmed cases globally, among them 2,851,062 are from the continent of Africa. Rwanda reported 18,850 confirmed cases, and 261 deaths. Healthcare systems have been burdened by the huge number of COVID-19 cases. Home-Based Care (HBC) was introduced as an alternative option to control the pandemic specifically in poor resource countries. Since December 2020, the number of COVID-19 case and death continued to rise in Rwanda. To handle this issue, the government of Rwanda started promoting the home-based care for asymptomatic people or patients with mild symptoms and they would be followed up by trained Community Health Workers (CHW). The increased number of positive cases is attributed to inadequate compliance to COVID-19 Infectious Prevention and Control (IPC) measures, low socio-economic status, inability to self-isolate due to having small and shared living rooms, food insecurity, lack of familiarity to disinfection procedures for home sanitation, inadequate access to water, weak policy regulating HBC, insufficient PPEs for CHWs, CHW fear of getting infected through HBC, low level of community awareness and perception, comorbidities, poor communication during follow up of HBC patients. Overall, we concluded that HBC has been very crucial in management of COVID-19 as it relieved the burden on health facilities, but more improvement on HBC is needed to be properly applicable in poor resource settings.