Attachment Level Research Articles

Root Coverage in Miller's Class 3 Gingival Recession using a Laterally Positioned Flap with Advanced PRF: A Two-year Follow-up Case Report

Introduction: Gingival recession, marked by the apical migration of gingival tissue, presents aesthetic and functional challenges. The laterally positioned flap (LPF) technique, often used for localized root coverage, remains effective, particularly when combined with advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF). Case Report: A 23-year-old male presented with Miller Class III gingival recession on tooth 41, with clinical attachment loss of 4.5 mm and high frenum attachment. A treatment plan involved the revised LPF technique, A-PRF membrane application, and frenectomy. Surgical Procedure: Following patient consent and scaling, a sulcular incision was made, and flaps were elevated. A-PRF was prepared and placed over the exposed root, with the flap secured by sutures. Post-operative Care: The patient received antibiotics and analgesics, with follow-up at 2 years showing a 4 mm gain in clinical attachment level and complete root coverage. Results: The combination of the LPF technique and A-PRF effectively managed Miller Class III gingival recession, restoring both function and aesthetics. Conclusion: This case underscores the efficacy of using A-PRF with the LPF technique for treating gingival recession, offering a reliable approach for restoring the keratinized gingival zone.

A Randomized Controlled Experiment Evaluating the Effect of Endodontic Therapy with Various Intracanal Medicaments on Periodontal Attachment Level in Endodontic-Periodontal Lesions. A 12 Month Study with 4 Intracanal Medicaments

A Randomized Controlled Experiment Evaluating the Effect of Endodontic Therapy with Various Intracanal Medicaments on Periodontal Attachment Level in Endodontic-Periodontal Lesions. A 12 Month Study with 4 Intracanal Medicaments

Full-arch prostheses supported by implants with different macrostructures: A multicenter randomized controlled trial.

This study evaluates the clinical performance of implants with hydrophilic surface and two different macrostructures: cylindrical with perforating triangular threads (CT) and cylindrical-tapered with the association of square and condensing and perforating triangular threads (TST). This was a multicenter split-mouth, simple-blinded, randomized, and controlled trial. Thirty patients with edentulous mandible received two CT and two TST implants. Primary stability was determined by insertion torque and resonance frequency analysis (RFA). Implants were loaded with full fixed-arch prostheses within 24 h after insertion. Clinical parameters (visible plaque index, marginal bleeding index; bleeding on probing; probing depth; and clinical attachment level) and the RFA were assessed at 2, 6, 12, and 24 months after implant loading. Marginal bone level changes were measured by comparison of standardized radiographs taken on the day of implant placement and 6, 12, and 24 months thereafter. Twenty-eight patients completed the 2-year follow-up. The survival rates were 99.16% for CT implants and 100% for TST implants. One CT implant was lost until the 2 months follow-up. No significant differences were found between the two implant types for marginal bone level changes (CT 0.34 [0.24; 0.55 mm]; 0.33 [0.18; 0.55 mm]; 0.41 [0.12; 0.7 mm] vs TST 0.36 [0.14; 0.74 mm]; 0.33 [0.23; 0.63 mm]; 0.30 [0.20; 0.64 mm] at 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively) and other clinical parameters. The macrostructure of the implants had no influence on survival rate, primary and secondary stability, marginal bone level changes, and peri-implant clinical parameters outcomes. Both implants can be predictably used for immediate loading of full-arch mandibular prostheses.

A Comparative Study of Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF) and Titanium-Prepared Platelet-Rich Fibrin (T-PRF) in Management of Endo-Perio Lesion

ABSTRACT Introduction: Association between pulp and periodontal lesion is termed as endo-perio lesion. Treatment of intra-bony defect can be done by GTR. Methodology: The present study was conducted on 180 patients suffering from endo-perio lesion. They were divided into two groups namely the ones treated by PRF and the other one treated with T-PRF. Follow-up was taken at 3 and 6 months interval. The results thus obtained were analyzed statistically using SPSS version 21.0 (IBM. Chicago, USA) and unpaired t test. The level of implication was set less than 0.05. Results: Mean change in probing depth at period of 3 months in group 1 is 2-15 while after 6 months is 2.74. P value is 0.91 which is highly insignificant. Similarly relative attachment level at 3 months is 1.96 and at 6 months is 2.63. P value is 0.73. Conclusion: No statistically significant results were observed in term of baseline attachment measurements.

Changing attachment orientation: Uncovering the role of shifting the emotion regulation tendency.

Changes in the individual's attachment orientation toward greater security are considered an important clinical goal. One promising underlying process of change in attachment orientation is shifting the emotion regulation tendency, in which the individual progresses from overreliance on the self or on the other to regulate emotional arousal. The present study utilized a computational approach to study shifts in the emotion regulation tendency as these manifest in the patient's and therapist's vocally encoded emotional arousal. The study examined whether shifts in the regulation tendency are associated with decreases in the level of insecure attachment and in strengthening of the therapeutic alliance. Shifts in the regulation tendency were examined throughout the early stages of treatment (Sessions 1-4) using 11,710 talk turns within 52 patient-therapist dyads. Findings suggest that shifts in the emotion regulation tendency are associated with greater strengthening of the therapeutic alliance and a decrease in the level of attachment avoidance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

In-silico immunoinformatic vaccine design for Treponema denticola ergothionase.

Treponema denticola, a well-studied oral spirochete, adheres, invades, and damages periodontal tissues - gram-negative, anaerobic Treponema denticola. In previous research, sub-gingival spirochetes have correlated positively with dental plaque score, pocket, and clinical attachment level measurements. Hence, the study aims to design an immunoinformatic vaccine using a reverse vaccinology approach against Treponema denticola ergothionase. Protein Data Bank provided the FASTA amino acid sequence of Treponema denticola. Antigenicity, toxicity, and stability of discovered T-cell epitopes were evaluated to develop 6S7Q B and A multiepitope vaccination design. The Vaccine's dual major histocompatibility complex (MHC I and II) binding epitopes were also predicted. The designed Vaccine's identified epitope sequence and secondary structure were then predicted and validated. Protein-protein interactions involving ergothionase and human beta-defensins were investigated using molecular docking. The designed Vaccine had high antigenicity, toxicity, and stability. The Vaccine's three-dimensional structure demonstrated a significant association with beta-defensin. Its low binding energy score of -827.6 kcal/mol indicates that the immune system will respond favorably to the antigen. In this research, we employed immunoinformatic techniques to create a reverse vaccination effort to develop an in-silico vaccine.

Evaluation of Salivary Glucose and Salivary Cortisol in Association with Periodontitis in People with Type II Diabetes: A Case-control Study.

The relationship between type II diabetes mellitus (DM) and periodontal disease (PD) has been discussed in recent years and may vary according to the patient's location, sex, age and family history. In view of this possible association between periodontitis and DM, this study aimed to evaluate salivary glucose and salivary cortisol levels with periodontitis (staging and degree) in people with type II diabetes compared to non-diabetic individuals. This was a case-control study, with 60 participants divided into two groups: DM2- people with type II diabetes (n=30) and NDM- non-diabetic individuals (n=30). For both, a clinical form and periogram were filled out, and blood samples (glycemia, glycated hemoglobin, and cortisol) and saliva (glucose and cortisol) were collected. The diagnosis of periodontitis was 100% in the DM2 group and 80% in the NDM group. As for staging and degree, in the DM2 group, 70% of the participants were in stage IV and 86.67% were in grade C, while in the NDM group, 58.3% of the participants were in stage I and 70.8% were in grade A. Significant differences were observed for the following variables: bleeding to probing and clinical attachment level. The laboratory data presented significant results regarding serum glucose, salivary glucose, and glycated hemoglobin. Regarding the influence of salivary glucose and cortisol on periodontal status (staging and degree), these had higher means in the DM2 group when compared to the NDM group. An association of salivary glucose and cortisol levels with the periodontal condition presented by type II diabetic individuals compared to non-diabetic individuals is suggested.

The Influence of Leadership Style on Employee Loyalty at Karma Kandara

Lack of leadership style pay attention to the fate of its members can cause low productivity Work. So that leadership style must be able to influence and change the attitudes, and actions of its members for the interests and goals of the organization achieved. Employee loyalty is an important aspect in the success of the organization, because it reflects the level of commitment and attachment of employees to the organization where they work. It happened enhancement amount rotation employees at Karma Kandara for the 2019 - 2023 period which gave rise to desire for researc. The population of this quantitative study is Karma Kandara workers. Up to 71 respondents made up the samples that were used. The study needs certain statistics, specifically the number of employees from year to year. The primary data used in this study are questionnaires, or lists of questions, that were sent to respondents to complete using the Google Form platform. The fed up sample is the retrieval technique sample that is utilized. Utilizing SPSS for Windows version 18, the analysis approach employs basic linear regression. With a significance level of 0.000, it was determined that the leadership style had a tcount value of 5.055> ttable, or 1.7. Given that the significance threshold is less than 0.05, the study's hypothesis supports Ha and rejects Ho. Is it possible to conclude Accepted were the study's findings that "Leadership Style has a positive, direct, and significant effect on Employee Loyalty".

Impact of Tocopherol Supplementation on Clinical Parameters of Periodontal Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background and Objectives: The significance of periodontal disease as a public health issue prompts the exploration of effective treatments, including the potential use of tocopherol (Vitamin E) due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Materials and Methods: The PICO statement (Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome) was as follows: In patients with periodontal disease, does tocopherol (Vitamin E) supplementation compared to no supplementation or insufficient Vitamin E intake improve clinical outcomes such as gingival inflammation, pocket depth, and clinical attachment levels? This study searched through PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to June 2024 focused on studies involving human subjects with various forms of periodontal disease, analyzing the impact of tocopherol through dietary or supplementary intake. Primary outcomes evaluated included improvements in gingival inflammation, pocket depth, and clinical attachment levels, with data synthesis conducted according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Quality assessment and risk of bias were meticulously performed for the included observational studies and randomized controlled trials. Results: The meta-analysis incorporated 8 studies that were used for data extraction, totaling 12,832 patients, revealing a heterogeneous response to tocopherol supplementation, with a pooled odds ratio for efficacy in reducing periodontal disease severity at about 0.97 (95% CI: 0.96-0.98). Noteworthy findings indicated a statistically significant increase in clinical attachment loss and pocket depth with odds ratios ranging from 1.15 to 9.33 when Vitamin E was insufficient. However, the considerable heterogeneity (I2 = 88.35%) underscores variations in tocopherol's effectiveness across different populations and study designs. Conclusions: While tocopherol supplementation shows a modest benefit in managing periodontal disease, particularly in reducing clinical attachment levels and pocket depth, the variability in outcomes emphasizes the necessity for more research to establish standardized treatment protocols and dosages.

Association of periodontitis with serum osteoprotegerin level in type 2 diabetic postmenopausal women.

To evaluate the association of periodontitis with serum osteoprotegerin level according to glycaemic state in postmenopausal type 2 diabetic women. The case-control study was conducted from June 2019 to May 2020 at the National Diabetes Centre, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, and comprised postmenopausal diabetic women with good glycaemic control in group A, diabetic women with poor glycaemic control in group B, and non-diabetic healthy controls in group C. Participants were inducted by using the consecutive sampling technique. Assessment of periodontitis was done by measuring probing pocket depth, gingival recession and clinical attachment level. The ratio between serum osteoprotegerin level and glycated haemoglobin was calculated for all the subjects. Data was analysed using SPSS 24. Of the 150 subjects, 57(38%) were in group A with mean age 57.39±5.89 years, 43(28.7%) were in group B with mean age 58.91±4.95 years, and 50(33.3%) were in group C with mean age 54.92±4.62 years. Probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level and serum osteoprotegerin exhibited higher values in groups A and B compared to group C, and in group B compared to group A (p<0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between Probing pocket depth and serum osteoprotegerin in all groups (p<0.05). Periodontal parameters and serum osteoprotegerin level were significantly higher in diabetic women, especially in those with poor glycaemic control, than in healthy controls, and serum osteoprotegerin level showed a significant positive correlation with probing pocket depth in all the studied groups.

Periodontal regeneration using platelet-rich fibrin. Furcation defects: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

The objective of the study was to compare the treatment outcomes of periodontal furcation defects by using platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) with other commonly utilized modalities. The eligibility criteria comprised randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the clinical outcomes of PRF with those of other modalities for the treatment of furcation defects. Studies were classified into 11 categories in 3 different groups as follows: Group I (addition of PRF): (1) open flap debridement (OFD) alone versus OFD/PRF, (2) OFD/bone graft (OFD/BG) versus OFD/BG/PRF; Group II (comparative studies to PRF): (3) OFD/BG versus OFD/PRF, (4) OFD/collagen membrane versus OFD/PRF, (5) OFD/PRP versus OFD/PRF, (6) OFD/rhBMP2 versus OFD/PRF; and Group III (addition of biomaterial/biomolecule to PRF): OFD/PRF versus … (7) OFD/PRF/BG, (8) OFD/PRF/amniotic membrane (AM), (9) OFD/PRF/metformin, (10) OFD/PRF/bisphosphonates, (11) OFD/PRF/statins. Weighted means and forest plots were calculated for the reduction of probing pocket depth (PPD), gain of vertical and horizontal clinical attachment levels (VCAL and HCAL), gain in vertical and horizontal bone levels (VBL, HBL), and radiographic bone fill (RBF). From 45 articles identified, 21 RCTs reporting on class II furcations were included. The use of OFD/PRF and OFD/BG/PRF statistically significantly reduced PPD and improved VCAL and HCAL when compared to OFD or OFD/BG, respectively. The comparison between OFD/PRF alone versus OFD/BG, OFD/CM, OFD/PRP, or OFD/rhBMP2 led to similar outcomes for all investigated parameters, including a reduction in PPD, VCAL/HCAL gain, and RBF. The additional incorporation of a BG to OFD/PRF only mildly improved outcomes, whereas the addition of AM improved clinical outcomes. The addition of small biomolecules such as metformin, bisphosphonates, or statins all led to significant improvements in PPD, VCAL, and HCAL when compared to OFD/PRF alone. Noteworthy, a very high heterogeneity was found in the investigated studies. The use of PRF significantly improved clinical outcomes in class II furcation defects when compared to OFD alone, with similar levels being observed between OFD/PRF and/or OFD/BG, OFD/CM, OFD/PRP, or OFD/rhBMP2. Future research geared toward better understanding potential ways to enhance the regenerative properties of PRF with various small biomolecules may prove valuable for future clinical applications. Future histological research investigating PRF in human furcation defects is largely needed. The use of PRF in conjunction with OFD statistically significantly improved PPD, VCAL, and HCAL values, yielding comparable outcomes to commonly used biomaterials. The combination of PRF to bone grafts or the addition of small biomolecules may offer additional clinical benefits, thus warranting future investigation.

Studyholism and Attachment Style: A Study among Italian University Students.

Studyholism (or obsession with studying) is a new potential clinical condition introduced in the literature in 2017. Since then, growing research has supported its conceptualization as a clinical disorder and highlighted some potential intervention targets, namely trait worry, social anxiety, negative interpretation bias, and defense mechanisms. The present study aims to extend the literature concerning psychodynamic-related constructs that might constitute targets for interventions aimed at reducing Studyholism by investigating the role of attachment in 1073 students (Mage = 23.48 ± 3.77), balanced concerning civil status (i.e., currently being single or involved in a relationship/non-single). Among the main findings, we found that insecure attachment-mainly preoccupied attachment-is a positive predictor of Studyholism in both non-single and single students. However, there are also some differences depending on the civil status. Finally, (single) disengaged studyholics have a statistically significant lower level of secure attachment than (single) engaged studyholics. In conclusion, this study showed the value of distinguishing between non-single and single students when investigating the role of attachment. Regarding problematic overstudying specifically, the study provided support for its definition as a clinical disorder, also with evidence of the appropriateness of its OCD-related conceptualization. Finally, it suggests preoccupied (insecure) attachment as a target to reduce Studyholism by fostering in students the feeling of being loved and deserving of being loved in their current adult relationships.

Evaluation of salivary interleukin‐17 and developmental endothelial locus‐1 in patients with periodontitis with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus

AbstractBackgroundBidirectional positive relationship between periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been recognized, interleukin 17 (IL‐17) and developmental endothelial locus‐1 (Del‐1) are proposed to play roles in periodontitis and T2DM. This study aims to investigate the association of IL‐17 and Del‐1 in patients with periodontitis with and without T2DM by measuring their salivary levels.MethodsA total of 80 participants were enrolled in a cross‐sectional study and divided into healthy (H, n = 27), periodontitis (P, n = 29) and periodontitis with diabetes (PDM, n = 24) groups based on their periodontal and diabetic examination results. Periodontal parameters (plaque index [PI], bleeding on probing [BOP], probing depth [PD], and clinical attachment level [CAL]) as well as diabetic parameters (fasting plasma glucose [FG] and glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c]) were documented and unstimulated saliva was collected. Salivary IL‐1β, active‐matrix metalloproteinase‐8 (aMMP‐8), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐17, and Del‐1 were determined through enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and their relationships with periodontal and diabetic parameters were examined.ResultsThe periodontitis and periodontitis with diabetes groups showed significantly higher levels of IL‐17 and lower levels of Del‐1 compared with healthy group. The periodontitis with diabetes group exhibited higher levels of IL‐17 and lower levels of Del‐1 compared with the periodontitis group. After correlation analysis, there were significant correlations between salivary IL‐17 and Del‐1 and clinical parameters, IL‐17 and Del‐1 were correlated with PD (r = 0.36, ‐0.39, p &lt; 0.01), CAL (r = 0.40, ‐0.42, p &lt; 0.01) and BOP (r = 0.35, ‐0.37, p &lt; 0.01), they were correlated with FG (r = 0.26, ‐0.25, p &lt; 0.05) and HbA1c (r = 0.28, ‐0.40, p &lt; 0.05). Positive relationships were observed between IL‐17 and IL‐1β and between IL‐17 and aMMP‐8 (r = 0.80, 0.77, p &lt; 0.01), while Del‐1 exhibited negative correlations with IL‐1β and aMMP‐8 (r = 0.59, 0.69 p &lt; 0.01). Comparison between IL‐17 and Del‐1 confirmed an inverse relationship (r = ‐0.71, p &lt; 0.01). Salivary Del‐1 levels in the older group were lower compared with young group across the H, P and PDM groups, although these differences were not statistically significant (p &gt; 0.05).ConclusionsSalivary IL‐17 and Del‐1 levels in the periodontitis with diabetes group showed significant changes compared with the periodontitis group, they exhibited an inverse relationship and were both correlated with periodontal parameters (PD, CAL, and BOP) and diabetic parameters (FG and HbA1c).Plain Language SummaryPeriodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are two common diseases all over the world, some inflammatory mediators (interleukin 17 [IL‐17] and developmental endothelial locus‐1 [Del‐1]) regulate neutrophil production, recruitment and clearance when the body becomes infected and believed to be involved in the progress of diseases of periodontitis and diabetes. In this study, we enrolled healthy subjects, patients with periodontitis, patients with periodontitis and diabetes. We performed dental examinations and evaluated their blood glucose levels, collected their saliva, and detected IL‐17 and Del‐1 levels in their saliva. We found both patients with periodontitis and patients with periodontitis and diabetes showed higher IL‐17 levels and lower Del‐1 levels compared with healthy subjects. Patients with periodontitis and diabetes showed higher IL‐17 levels and lower Del‐1 levels compared with patients with periodontitis. Salivary IL‐17 and Del‐1 levels were both correlated with dental examination results and blood glucose levels, and salivary IL‐17 and Del‐1 displayed an inverse relationship.

The Effects of Laughter Therapy, Music Listening and Diary Keeping Given to Pregnant Women on Mental Health and Maternal Attachment Levels in Postpartum Period

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of laughter therapy, listening to music, and diary keeping interventions during pregnancy on the mother's mental health and the level of maternal attachment in the postpartum period. Material and Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study. The study consisted of 50 pregnant women, 25 in intervention, and 25 in control groups. Interventions consisted of listening to music, laughter therapy and diary keeping for six weeks. Data were collected with the Beck Depression Inventory, Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale, Brief Symptom Inventory, and Maternal Attachment Scale. Results: It was determined that the change in mental health of women in the intervention group over time was significant (p

The Role of Environment and Self on Self-Efficacy in Students' Career Decision Making

This research aims to assess the influence of the level of peer attachment, teacher support, parental support, self-concept, and planned career events on the career decision-making self-efficacy of high school and vocational school students. This research used a cross-sectional study design with a quantitative approach. This research was conducted on 317 students, with 157 high school students and 160 vocational school students determined by cluster random sampling. Data was collected through questionnaires and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Smart-PLS. SEM test results showed a significant positive direct influence between parental support, teacher support, and peer attachment on the self-concept of parental support, parental support, and self-concept regarding planned happenstance career, and teacher support and planned happenstance career on career decision-making self-efficacy. Apart from that, there was an indirect influence between parental support, teacher support, and peer attachment on career decision-making self-efficacy through self-concept and planned happenstance careers. Therefore, parents need to shape their children's promising planned careers so that they can have self-efficacy for making sound career decisions as well.

Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma Injections on Periodontal Health During Accelerated Orthodontic Tooth Movement.

The interplay between orthodontics and periodontics is crucial for successful orthodontic treatment. Accelerating orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) can enhance treatment efficiency, but it is important to assess the impact of such methods on periodontal health. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has emerged as a promising adjunct in accelerating OTM, but its effects on periodontal health require further investigation. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of PRP injections on periodontal health during accelerated OTM by comparing clinical and biochemical parameters between a PRP-enhanced orthodontic treatment group and a conventional orthodontic treatment group. In this randomized controlled trial, 40 participants with anterior teeth crowding were divided into two groups: the PRP group (n = 20), which received standard orthodontic treatment with PRP injections, and the control group (n = 20), which received standard orthodontic treatment alone. Periodontal parameters, including periodontal probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), and gingival recession (GR), were recorded at baseline, four, eight, and 12 weeks. Salivary aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were measured at baseline, one hour, 24 hours, seven days, and 14 days post treatment. No statistically significant differences were found between the PRP and control groups regarding periodontal parameters (PPD, CAL, BOP, and GR) and AST enzyme levels throughout the study period. Both groups exhibited slight increases in PPD, CAL, GR, and BOP over time, consistent with typical orthodontic effects. AST levels showed fluctuations but no significant differences between the groups. PRP injections did not demonstrate significant advantages over conventional orthodontic treatment in terms of periodontal health or AST enzyme levels. This suggests that PRP is a safe and non-inferior method for accelerating OTM without adversely affecting periodontal tissues. Further research with larger sample sizes and longer follow-ups is recommended to validate these findings and explore the long-term effects of PRP.

Volatile sulfur compounds, biofilm, and salivary parameters in patients with periodontal disease: a cross-sectional study.

This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the interplay between volatile sulfur compounds (VSC), biofilm, salivary parameters, and periodontal status in patients with and without periodontal disease. Sixty-four subjects diagnosed with periodontitis and 60 periodontally healthy individuals were included. Probing depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, tongue coating index, plaque index, number of teeth, spinnability of unstimulated whole saliva, and salivary flow rate were evaluated. The concentrations of VSC were quantified using a portable gas chromatograph. The mean differences in hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, salivary flow, spinnability, and plaque index did not exhibit statistically significant variances between the two groups. However, a pronounced tongue coating index and a diminished tooth count showed statistical significance in the periodontitis group (p = 0.039; p < 0.001). Unstimulated salivary flow rate less than 0.25mL/min was statistically significant in the periodontitis group (p = 0.032). After controlling for confounding factors, bleeding on probing remained significant. A positive correlation between periodontal parameters and VSC concentration was found. An inverse correlation was also noted between the spinnability of saliva and tongue coating index (-0.34; p < 0.001). Salivary parameters may contribute to the formation of tongue coating and are correlated with periodontal status. Bleeding on probing, clinical attachment level, and probing depth were identified as potential contributors to VSC formation.

Effect of Periodontal Treatment in Patients with Periodontitis and Diabetes: Review of Systematic Reviews with Meta-Analyses in the Last Five Years.

Periodontitis is a chronic infectious-inflammatory pathology, with a high prevalence, which destroys the dental support and, if left untreated, leads to tooth loss. It is associated with other pathologies, particularly diabetes mellitus. Our objective was to conduct a review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses to determine the evidence for periodontal treatment on periodontitis and diabetes. Second, we assessed the risk of bias and methodological quality using the AMSTAR-2 and ROBIS tools. We performed bibliographic searches in PubMed/Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central, Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source databases and in the Web of Science (WOS) scientific information service to identify systematic reviews with meta-analyses from the last five years. Eighteen studies that met the inclusion criteria and evaluated 16,247 subjects were included. The most studied parameters were probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing and the glycated hemoglobin. Most of the included meta-analyses evaluated adult patients with periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Most of the meta-analyses considered and assessed by AMSTAR-2 showed significant methodological errors. The risk of bias was the domain with the worst assessment with the ROBIS tool. Despite the weaknesses of the included meta-analyses in terms of methodological quality and the risk of bias, periodontal treatment and DM treatment appear to contribute to improved clinical outcomes in a bidirectional manner between periodontitis and DM.

Exploring the impact of smartphone addiction on mental health among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of resilience and parental attachment

Smartphone addiction is an increasingly severe issue in modern society, particularly impacting the mental health of college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to explore the relationship between smartphone addiction and mental health issues among college students, and the mediating and moderating roles of psychological resilience and parental attachment. We employed a cross-sectional study design with 100,097 college Chinese students to examine the relationships between smartphone addiction, mental health (anxiety and depression), and the mediating role of psychological resilience. Parental attachment was assessed as a moderator within these relationships. Data were analyzed using multiple regression and mediation/moderation models, controlling for relevant covariates. Our findings revealed a significant positive correlation between smartphone addiction and both anxiety and depression. Psychological resilience mediated these relationships, suggesting that higher resilience levels can mitigate the negative psychological impacts of smartphone addiction. Additionally, parental attachment moderated the effects of smartphone addiction on psychological outcomes; stronger attachment was associated with less pronounced effects of addiction on anxiety and depression. Specifically, for students with low parental attachment, the predictive effect of smartphone addiction on anxiety and depression was more pronounced, whereas higher attachment levels were protective.

Place Attachment and Related Aspects in the Urban Setting

This study reviewed previous studies on place attachment and related factors in the urban setting. Assessments were conducted on over one hundred peer-reviewed journal papers that met the selection criteria. The results were divided into six categories. Place attachment can improve each of the three dimensions of wellbeing. It can also mitigate the negative impacts of environmental stressors on wellbeing. Furthermore, traditional gardens and local landscape characteristics contribute to a stronger place attachment, depending on the degree to which they present local history and culture. Green landscapes can also help immigrants feel more connected to their community and place of origin. Social interaction has also been linked to the development of place attachment, which is stronger in low-income/deprived neighborhoods. Furthermore, higher place attachment promotes civic engagement and social trust. Place attachment also helps older people cope with aging difficulties in their living environments. Finally, there is a mutually beneficial association between place attachment and perceived neighborhood walkability, as well as a relationship between the scale of the place and the level of attachment. The various research gaps recognized by this study could be addressed in future studies to better understand the role of place attachment in creating sustainable urban environments.