Levels Of Antioxidant Activity Research Articles

Gluten‐free cookies added with fibre and bioactive compounds from blackcurrant residue

AbstractA blackcurrant by‐product of juice production was dehydrated and added to a gluten‐free chocolate cookies formulation as a source of dietary fibre and antioxidants. The blackcurrant ingredient showed high bioactive compounds content: total phenolics (TPC) = 37.5 ± 0.9 mg GAE per g d.b., total monomeric anthocyanins = 18.0 ± 0.4 mg cyanidin‐3‐glucoside per g d.b., antioxidant activity (AA) = 22.1 ± 0.3 mg GAE per g d.b. and total dietary fibre (TDF) = 32.3 ± 0.4% d.b. The cookie formulation was added with 3.75% blackcurrant powder without causing severe organoleptic changes. The cookies presented 62% and 70% increase of TPC and AA, respectively. The in vitro digestion showed that a relevant level of AA could reach the large intestine. Also, the TDF increased 2.5 times, reaching a final content that would enable the use of the claim 'source of dietary fibre' in the labelling according to the Codex Alimentarius. The obtained cookies showed a high level of acceptance among coeliac and non‐coeliac consumers in the sensory analysis.

The study of selected components of grape and fruit wines

This study aimed to compare chemical properties, in terms of the content of volatile substances, antioxidant compounds, and antioxidant activity (AOA), in samples of fruit and grape wines. For this purpose, the following types of wine were selected, namely fruit wines (apple, strawberry, and elderberry) and grape wines (Müller-Thurgau, St. Lawrence Rosé, and Blue Portugal). Basic analyses of fruit and grape wines were conducted by using the ALPHA method and volatile substances in wines were determined by the GS/MC method. The antioxidant content and AOA were estimated by spectrophotometry, using two types of DPPH method. The results of the experiment showed that the highest values of antioxidant compounds (anthocyanins and flavanols) were found in the samples of Blue Portugal wine and elderberry wine. Significant differences were determined among the wines in antioxidant content, which may have been influenced by the production technology. The results showed that the alcohol content of the wines ranged from 10.99% to 19.49% vol. The highest alcohol content was measured in the elderberry wine samples and the lowest in those of the apple wine. The strawberry wine had the highest titratable acid content, which corresponded to a pH of 3.38. The lowest content was measured in the apple wine samples. Due to the higher acid content of the strawberry wine, a higher residual sugar level of 46.9 g.L-1 was obtained. We noted that the red fruit wines contained a higher proportion of valuable bioactive substances than white grape wines. Wines with superior sensory properties did not contain higher levels of antioxidants or higher AOA. The research results can provide a helpful reference for the widespread use of grape and fruit wines in medical, nutritional, and other fields.

Impact of thermosonication and pasteurization on total phenolic contents, total flavonoid contents, antioxidant activity, and vitamin C levels of elephant apple (Dillenia indica) juice

AbstractThe present work evaluated the influence of different thermosonication conditions on the quality improvement of elephant apple (Dillenia indica) juice. The juice was processed under thermosonication at different temperatures (30–50°C) for different time periods (15–60 min). The results of sonication treatments were compared with fresh and thermally treated juices. The objectives of the research work were to determine the effect of thermosonication on the quality attributes such as pH, titratable acidity (TA), total soluble solids (TSS), total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), antioxidant activity (AA), ascorbic acid levels, microbiological, and sensory properties. pH, TA, and TSS of thermosonicated and pasteurized juice samples did not produce any significant (p < .05) differences. From the experimental results, it was also seen that thermosonication has improved the quality of elephant apple juice by increasing the levels of TPC, TFC, and AA significantly (p < .05) and ensuring the microbial safety of juices. Furthermore, the findings of the present study indicated that the thermosonication can be employed for processing of elephant apple juice as a replacement method for thermal processing with enhanced quality.Practical applicationsUltrasound processing is one of the new method which has been applied widely to improve the shelf life of fruit juices without altering the quality attributes of juices. Commonly, thermal processing technologies are applied to improve the keeping quality of fruit juices, but it has some detrimental effects on the final quality of fruit products. So, ultrasound processing can be utilized as an alternative method to thermal processing. In the present work, ultrasound processing was applied to enhance the quality of elephant apple juices.

Conformity assessment of product quality in the consumer market

Among the traditional types of tea in the Russian market, Chinese Pu-erh tea has a special place. In the work, samples of Pu-erh tea presented on the market of Voronezh were investigated. The samples of black and green tea were compared. By mass fraction of moisture, water-soluble extractive substances, total ash, and the share of soluble ash, all tea samples met the standards. The amount of tannin in some samples of Pu-erh tea was low — 4.6–6.0% in NE; in terms of antioxidant activity (AOA), AOA, they were also inferior to black and green tea. A general positive correlation of tannin and AOA levels was noted. The fact that not all polyphenols have antioxidant properties is evidenced by the fact that the tannin content in tea samples differed by 7 times, AOA - by 3 times. To determine the antioxidant activity (AOA), we used the electrochemical titration method on an Expert-006 instrument in a cell with a background electrolyte — KBr in a H2SO4 solution; the marker is ascorbic acid. It is established that the method is simple, convenient; gives a relative error within 5%.

Interplay between antioxidant activity, health and disease

The article discusses the relationship between oxidative stress (OS) and pathological conditions, the possibilities and benefits of estimating OS considering the integral antioxidant activity (AOA) as an OS criterion, and using a simple accessible hybrid potentiometric method (HPM) with a mediator system for AOA monitoring. The results of AOA of blood serum in healthy volunteers and patients with various diseases are presented. Preliminary reference values are found. The lower levels of AOA of blood serum in patients with different diseases in comparison with the control group are observed. The potential mechanisms of changes in the AOA levels and it’s clinical significance are discussed from the position of biointerfaces interplay. With AOA equal or greater than 1.40 mmol-eq l–1 the person is healthy, the range from 0.95 to 1.40 mmol-eq l–1 indicates that the patient is at risk and needs to undergo a further medical examination. When AOA blood serum is below 0.95 mmol-eq l–1, detailed diagnostics and relevant treatment are required. The findings allow suggesting that the approach determine antioxidant/oxidant activity of biological fluids holds considerable promise for monitoring OS; it opens up new opportunities in expanding the use of analytical chemistry in medicine.

Metabolic factors of coronary arteries restenosis formation and unfavourable outcomes prediction of stent angioplasty in patients with chronic coronary heart disease

The percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent angioplasty of coronary arteries is considered one of the most effective methods to restore coronary blood flow at atherosclerosis. The disorders of lipid metabolism play an important role not only in the process of atherosclerotic lesions of CA, but also in the development of CA restenosis. To study peculiarities of chronic oxidative stress and lipid profile changes in patients with risk of coronary arteries (CA) restenosis formation after stent angioplasty and to develop laboratory criteria for prediction of adverse outcomes of PCI in the patients with chronic CHD. It was a prospective study of 102 patients (76 men and 26 women) with chronic coronary heart disease (CHD) who undergo coronary angiography followed by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with balloon angioplasty and coronary artery stenting. The patients age ranged from 34 to 85 years old. The decreased antioxidant activity (AOA) serum level in the patients with chronic coronary heart disease (CHD) is accompanied by the development of more severe myocardial ischemia. Twelve months after coronary stenting an imbalance in the system “antioxidant activity-lipid peroxidation” (AOA-LPO) was found manifested by the AOA exhaustion and activation of LPO. In patients with decreased AOA serum levels significant differences in quality of life were established compared to the patients with normal AOA levels. CA restenosis during the first 12 months after stenting occurred at lower level of serum antioxidant activity and higher content of LPO secondary products. It seems appropriate to expand and deepen the existing knowledge about diagnostic and prognostic value of metabolic disorders and oxidation-reduction system in the pathogenesis of CA restenosis and the possibility to use them as predictors of the occurrence of CA restenosis in the follow up of coronary patients.

Оценка антиоксидантной активности Clostridium (Clostridioides) difficile

Aim: to develop and to evaluate a method for Clostridium (Clostridioides) difficile antioxidant activity (AOA) assessment via chemiluminescent (CL) analysis. Materials and methods: we investigated ten C. difficile strains, obtained from patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhea that were cultured for two days. AOA was assessed on the first and second day of cultivation by means of CL assay based on 2,2’-azo-bis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride-luminol system. Results: our method for AOA estimation is characterized by high reproducibility and reliability (the average coefficient of variation between parallel samples is 2.0-18.2%, the calibration curve coefficient of determination is 80.5-89.4%). C. difficile AOA after the first day of cultivation is 6.95-9.93 units; it increases to 9.86-13.27 units after the second day (p <0.01). A negative correlation (η = -0.3, p <0.05) is shown between the initial AOA level and its growth rate during cultivation. Conclusion: we propose a simple and reliable method for C. difficile AOA assessment that is suitable for routine use in clinical bacteriology. Length of C. difficile culturing is associated with increase of its AOA.

Effects of quercetin on protective capacity in rats fed a high-fructose diet

The purpose of the study was to determine effects of quercetin on protective capacity parameters in the experiment on rats fed a high fructose diet. Rats of the control group received a semi-synthetic (s/s) diet and water; animals from the 1st experimental group - s/s diet and 20% fructose solution instead of drinking water; rats of the 2nd experimental group- s/s diet with quercetin (0.1% indiet) and 20% fructose solution instead of drinking water for 20 weeks. Parameters of antioxidant status [total antioxidant activity (AOA), the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipids hydroperoxides, the level of reduced and oxidized glutathione, activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, paraoxonase-1, hemeoxygenase-1, NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase], the activity of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes [CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2B1, CYP3A, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UDP-GT) and glutathione transferase] were studied in plasma and liver of rats. Consumption of the high-fructose diet led to changes in some parameters: diminution of AOA in blood plasma, decrease of AOA and MDA level, unsedimentable activity of lysosomal enzymes, increase of the UDP-GT activity in liver. The inclusion of quercetin in the diet did not affect the studied parameters, except for a more pronounced decrease of the unsedimentable activity of lysosomal enzymes in rat liver. The results of the study indicated that there was no significant effect of quercetin on the protective capacity of rats at the initial stage of obesity caused by high-fructose diet.

Antioxidant activity and effects of Kenyan Tea (Camellia sinensis) on the liver function and serum biochemistry in male Wistar rats

Background: Tea is a beverage that is most widely consumed worldwide. Studies have shown that oral consumption of tea has health benefits however, there is paucity of data in Kenya detailing the biochemical effects of tea in the liver and elucidation of its mechanism of action.Methods: The polyphenol composition and antioxidant capacity of tea were determined by HPLC and the Folins Ciocalteu spectrophotometric methods. Metal levels were determined using flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). Aqueous black and green tea extracts were administered to the rats at dosages of 400mg/kg b.w.t. The effect of tea on total blood proteins, Albumin, ZHX1, TBARS, AST, ALP and ALT were determined by spectrophotometric methods. The body weight of each rat was also determined at one week interval.Results: Total Polyphenols (TP), Total Catechins (TC) and Antioxidant Activity (AA) between the black and green teas were significantly (P&lt;0.05) different. Green tea had the highest levels of TP (19.70-26.12%), TC (8.51%-17.60%) and AA (86.65%-94.50%). Tea did not have a significant (P&gt;0.05) effect on TP, ALB, ALT, AST, ALP, MDA and ZHX1 in the test animals compared with the controls. This data indicates that green tea is rich in catechins while black tea being rich in Theaflavins (TFs) and Thearubigins (TRs). Both tea products possess essential and non-essential metals well within the maximum permissible concentrations.Conclusions: Findings from this study indicate both green and black tea aqueous extracts have polyphenols and high antioxidant activity. Administration of the aqueous tea extracts have no toxicological effect on the liver.

Effect of a Ginger Infusion in Smokers with Reduced Salivary Flow Rate

Background: Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ginger) is a spice widely used and has been suggested to act beneficially on salivary secretion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ingestion of a ginger infusionin the salivary flow rate of smokers with reduced salivary secretion. Subjects and Methods: After review board and Ethic Committee of the State approval, sixteen smokers with reduced salivary flow were assigned in an auto-controlled study. The intervention consisted in the ingestion of a 250 mL ginger infusion with 0.5 g, three times a day for 28 days. Non-stimulated (Qns) and stimulated (Qss) saliva collection was performed by sialometry before and after the ingestion of the ginger infusion.A survey was used to collect age and smoking habits information. Chemical analysis was performed, in the ginger infusion, to quantify the total phenolic content (TFC) by Folin Ciocalteu method and antioxidant activity (AA) by ABTS•+ and O2•− methods. The paired samples t-Student’s test and Spearman's correlation coefficient were used, at a significance level of 5%. Results: A statistically significant increase (p<0,001), was found in Qns (0.12±0.05 and 0.24±0.05 mL/ min) and Qss (0.69±0.18 and 0.90±0.18 mL/min) before and after ginger infusion ingestion, respectively. The results revealed a negative correlation between Qns and age (ρ = −0.67; p = 0.003) and also between the amount of saliva (Qns and Qss) and smoking habits (Qns, ρ = −0.71, p = 0.001; Qss, ρ = −0.61, p = 0.010). Chemical analysis revealed a large quantity of TFC (1.02±0.03 mg/gGAE) and a high AA (115.83±1.91 μmolTrolox/g and 62.76±1.06 % O2•− inhibition) in the ginger infusion. Conclusion: There is a significant increase in salivary flow rate of smokers after the ingestion of 0.5g of ginger infusion three times a day for 28 days. The age of the subjects and the time of smoking are correlated with the reduction of salivary flow rate. Ginger infusion exhibited a high level of TFC and AA.

Role of antioxidant activity in the longevity of seeds of wheat species and minor forms

The aim and tasks of the study. To evaluate the role of antioxidant activity in the longevity of seeds of representativesof minor species and intraspeciesdiversity of wheat basing on experimental simulation of natural aging of seeds.Material and methods. The longevity of seeds was experimentally evaluated bysimulation of accelerated aging using two methods: Hampton, TeKrony (2005) and B.S. Likhachev (1980).In addition, seeds were stored hermetically sealed glass containers in a freezer at -20°C for 30 days, which corresponds to the long-term regimen of seed storage in the National Plant Genebank of Ukraine. Antiradical activity was determined usingthe stable DPPH radical, as described by S.Arabshahi (2007).Results and discussion. Correlation between the longevity of seeds and the level of antioxidant activity was found.The antioxidant activity (AOA) of einkorns T.sinskajae and T.monococcum was 32.54%–35.08% and 38.51%–39.10%, respectively, and was lower in all the experimental variants than that in polyploidwheat species (39.81%–53.83%). It was lower in T.sinskajae than in T.monococcum.The ranking of the test accessions by the AOA level established in the control remained unchanged after accelerated aging by the both methods and after freezing.Accelerated aging carried out byHampton andTeKrony’smethod reduced the viability and AOA of seeds of the test accessions in comparison with the control. The level of AOA in the control closely correlated with this parameter after accelerated aging by this method: positively with the AOA value (r = 0.91) and negatively with the AOA index (r = -0.86).There is a clear significant positive correlation between the AOA level in the control and the indices of germination power, germinability, sprout length and primary root length after accelerated aging: r = 0.52–0.85. This makes it possible to predictthe response of seeds of wheat accessions to accelerated aging, and consequently, the suitability of seeds for long-term storage, from the initial AOA index. In particular, a higher AOA level means a greater longevity of seeds.The results of the accelerated aging experiment by B.S. Likhachev’s method showed thatthe moisture level of 6% was closer to the optimal one for long-term storage as compared to the moisture content of 5% and 7%.Freezing either had a positive effect on seed parameters or did not change them. The AOA had a positive significant correlation with the germination power: r = 0.98. The indices of the freezing effect on the germination power, germinability and sprout length closely and positively correlated with the AOA of seeds after freezing: r = 0.79 - 0.87.Conclusions. The close significant positive correlation between the AOA level in the control and the indices of germination power, germinability and sprout length after freezing (r = 0.79–0.87) allows us to predict (to some extent)the response of seeds of wheat accessions to freezing from the initial AOA index. More specifically,the higher AOA level is, the greater the seed parameters increase under the influence of freezing

Effect of polishing on glycemic index and antioxidant properties of red and white basmati rice

Four different pigmented dark-red (red) and non-pigmented white basmati rice varieties were tested for their nutrient composition, glycemic index (GI), total phenolic content (TPC), total anthocyanin content (TAC) and antioxidant activity (AOA) at 10% and 100% polished levels. The red basmati had higher content of ash, protein, fat, TPC, TAC and AOA than white basmati. Red and white basmati varieties can be classified as low GI and medium GI rice, respectively. The degree of polishing had no effect on the GI. However, there was a significant negative correlation (r>−0.81; P<0.01) between GI value with amylose, crude fiber, crude fat, crude protein, ash, AOA, TPC and TAC contents of basmati. Relatively higher levels of TPC, TAC and AOA were found in red basmati than white basmati varieties. Therefore, red basmati varieties can serve as low GI sources of functional food.

Semen supplementation with palmitoleic acid promotes kinematics, microscopic and antioxidative parameters of ram spermatozoa during liquid storage.

The purpose of the present experiment was to investigate the protective effects of palmitoleate on the quality of ram semen during low temperature liquid storage. Ejaculates were collected using the artificial vagina from four Qezel rams twice a week. Ejaculates were pooled, diluted with Tris-egg yolk extender without palmitoleate (control) or supplemented with 0.125 (P 0.125), 0.25 (P 0.25), 0.5 (P 0.5) and 1 (P 1) mM palmitoleate at a final concentration of 500×106 spermatozoa/ml. Total motility and forward progressive motility (FPM) as well as other spermatozoa kinematics were evaluated by computer-assisted sperm analysis. Moreover, viability and membrane functionality were determined in the spermatozoa. Additionally, amounts of malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant activity (AOA), nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were evaluated in the medium and spermatozoa at 0, 24, 48 and 72hr of storage. The palmitoleate supplementation resulted in a significant (p<.05) increase in total motility and FPM with the highest increase at 0.5 mM concentration for 72hr. P 0.5 group also resulted in the highest percentage of membrane-intact spermatozoa (76.60±1.95%) and viability (75.81±1.34%) at 72hr (p<.05). The amounts of MDA and NO were lower in P 0.125, P 0.25 and P 0.5 groups compared to control at 48hr and 72hr (p<.05). Higher amounts of AOA were obtained in palmitoleate-treated groups in medium and spermatozoa during storage time (p<.05). Furthermore, palmitoleate supplementation increased the SOD activities in spermatozoa compared to the control (p<.05). The results of the present experiment reveal that supplementation with 0.5 mM palmitoleate improves ram spermatozoa motion characteristics, AOA levels and SOD activities during liquid storage. Then, palmitoleate could be used as an antioxidant source during liquid storage of ram semen.

ЗАГАЛЬНА АНТИОКСИДАНТНА АКТИВНІСТЬ ДЕЯКИХ ШТАМІВ БАЗИДІАЛЬНИХ ГРИБІВ В ДИНАМІЦІ РОСТУ

&lt;p&gt;The work is devoted to the study of total antioxidant activity (AOA) in the growth dynamics of basidiomycetes strains in their periodic surface cultivation on glucose-peptone medium. Subjects of research are mycelium and culture filtrate (CF) from 57 strains, 5 of which are belong to 5 types of Polyporales order, and 52 of which are belong to the 7 types of Agaricales order. In order to study the dynamics of growth used method for determining the weight of absolutely dry biomass accumulation (ADB). Total AOA of mycological material was evaluated by inhibition of lipid peroxidation products accumulation intensity in the model oxidation reaction of Tween-80 by air oxygen. It was found that the most productive in terms of the accumulation of ADB are strains &lt;em&gt;F. velutipes&lt;/em&gt; F-610 and &lt;em&gt;P. eryngii&lt;/em&gt; P-er. Lowest values of ADB accumulation recorded for strains &lt;em&gt;P. ostreatus&lt;/em&gt; P-14 and P-192 and &lt;em&gt;P. citrinopileatus &lt;/em&gt;P sіtr. Were selected the most productive strains of Basidiomycetes for the level of total AOA in mycelium and CF. There are strains &lt;em&gt;P. eryngii&lt;/em&gt; P-er, &lt;em&gt;P. citrinopileatus&lt;/em&gt; P sіtr, &lt;em&gt;P. ostreatus&lt;/em&gt; P-035, &lt;em&gt;F. hepatica&lt;/em&gt; Fh-08, &lt;em&gt;A. cylindracea&lt;/em&gt; 960, &lt;em&gt;P. ostreatus &lt;/em&gt;P-081, P-082, P-087, &lt;em&gt;P. citrinopileatus&lt;/em&gt; P sіtr. Has not been established the dependence between the growth and the antioxidant activity of the 9- and 12-day fungal cultures. Selected producers of natural antioxidants may be used as biological agents in biotechnology.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;

The antioxidant effects of pomegranate extract on local and remote organs in a mesenteric ischemia and reperfusion model

Objectives: We investigated whether pomegranate extract plays a protective antioxidant role against mesenteric ischemia–reperfusion injury (IR), which can lead to a systemic response and damage distant organs, such as the lung, liver, and kidney.Methods: Forty female Wistar–Albino rats were separated into four groups: laparotomy, laparotomy + PG, mesenteric IR, and mesenteric IR and pomegranate (IR + PG). In the laparotomy + PG and IR + PG groups, pomegranate (225 mg/kg) was given by oral gavage at the beginning of the study. Ischemia was induced for 30 minutes, and reperfusion was subsequently allowed for 60 minutes in the IR and IR + PG groups. The malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant activity (AOA) levels were evaluated in blood samples. Additionally, all tissues were removed for the measurement of AOA and total oxidant status as well as for subsequent histopathological evaluation. The oxidative stress index was calculated.Results: Histopathological changes in all organs were significantly higher in the IR group and significantly lower in the IR + PG group vs. the other groups. Serum MDA levels were significantly lower in the IR + PG group than in the IR group. No significant difference was found in AOA levels of the groups.Discussion: These data may explain the positive protective effects of pomegranate based on the histopathologic findings in ischemic conditions in an intestinal IR injury model.

Efficacy of yoga in balancing the deranged biochemical profile in healthy perimenopausal women hailing from South Kanara district of Karnataka, India

Background: Alteration in biochemical profile has been observed in perimenopause due to change in the hormonal level. Regular practice of yoga has been found to be effective in improving serum lipid concentration, glycemic index and combat the oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of yoga on glycemic index, serum lipid profile, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), cortisol and antioxidant activity (AOA) in healthy perimenopausal women residing in the coastal region of Karnataka. Methodology: 111 women aged 40 to 60 years with perimenopausal symptoms were recruited considering inclusion and exclusion criteria set for the study. Our participants were checked for glycemic index, serum lipid profile, TSH, cortisol and AOA levels before and after 12-weeks of yoga intervention. Results: Yoga therapy intervention resulted in significant decrease (P=0.05) in fasting blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin (P=0.03), total cholesterol (TC) (P=0.06), low density lipoprotein (LDL) (P=0.04), TC/HDL ratio (P=0.002). Serum triglyceride concentration is decreased whereas high density lipoprotein (HDL), TSH and AOA was increased within the normal range after the intervention, though the change was not statistically significant. Cortisol showed no significant change after yoga therapy intervention. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that yoga helps in improving the glycemic index, serum lipid profile, TSH and AOA in perimenopausal women. Thus it can be effectively used to improve the quality of life in perimenopausal women.

Antioxidants of 15 onions with white, yellow, and red colors and their relationship with pungency, anthocyanin, and quercetin

We have investigated the antioxidant activity (AOA) of 15 short-day onions with white, yellow, or red colors and elucidated the relationships between pungency, anthocyanins, quercetin, and the AOA levels. There were substantial variations in both the pungency and total soluble solid content, which showed varying responses by bulb colors. The AOA in white or red onions tended to have low and high levels, respectively. However, there were many exceptions. The AOA levels assessed by the Folin–Ciocalteu (F–C) assay ranged between 440 and 785 μg/mL. The AOA levels based on the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay were between 19.1 and 79.8 μg/mL and displayed 10- to 20-fold differences. There was no correlation between the pungency and the AOA levels. The F–C assay showed no or low correlation with anthocyanin (r2 = 0.07) and quercetin (r2 = 0.59) contents, respectively. The DPPH assay showed correlations with anthocyanin (r2 = 0.65) and quercetin (r2 = 0.76) contents. Therefore, the onions with higher levels of anthocyanin and quercetin would have still higher AOA levels. Samples with alliinase action showed higher AOA levels than the samples without enzyme action. Onion juice without anthocyanin and flavonoids still contained considerable AOA levels. The methanol extract and fresh onion juices showed similar AOA levels by the F–C assay.

ATIVIDADE ANTIOXIDANTE, COMPOSTOS FENÓLICOS TOTAIS E TRIAGEM FITOQUÍMICA DE ERVAS CONDIMENTARES DESIDRATADAS

Oxidative stress, resulting from an imbalance betwe en production and elimination of free radicals, has great importance in aging, transformation and cell death. Intake of culinary spices, like as salt substitute s, has been stimulated by the fact that they contain compounds capable of dis abling free radicals. The objective of this study w as to evaluate the antioxidant capacity (DPPH and α- deoxyribose methods), determine the content of to tal phenolic compounds (Folin- Ciocalteu method) and promote a phytochemical screening of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis ), green onion ( Allium fistulosum ), cumin ( Cuminum cyminum ), basil ( Ocimum basilicum ), oregano ( Origanum vulgare ), parsley ( Petroselinum crispum ) and thyme ( Thymus vulgaris ). The alcoholic extracts of oregano and parsley we re those with the highest levels of antioxidant activi ty by the method of DPPH (96.0 % and 97.2 %, respectively ), while in the method of α-deoxyribose, the best results were obtained to the alcoholic extracts of rosemary (78.5%), basil (77. 2 %) and oregano (84.7 %). The alcoholic extract of cumin wa s the sample that showed the highest content of tot al phenolic compounds (48.0 %). There was an absence of a significant correlation among the methods for determinin g the antioxidant activity and these with the content of phenolic com pounds. By phytochemical screening, different secondary metabolites were identified, including reducing sugars and terp enes. In conclusion, among the spices evaluated, or egano showed the highest antioxidant activity, as well as one of the highest levels of phenolic compounds, which would justify its use as a functional food ingredient.

Role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis: A preliminary prospective study.

Background:In the current scenario pathogenesis of majority of the diseases is deeply linked with the oxidative stress, irrespective of its etiology. Enumerable data suggests that reactive oxygen species play a key role in multistage carcinogenesis. Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is considered as a potentially malignant disorder. Its increased incidence over recent years in the Indian subcontinent is a major health concern to oral physicians. However, the role of oxidative stress has not been widely investigated in OSMF.Aims:Is to evaluate both antioxidant and oxidant status in OSMF and to compare with controls.Settings and Design:Twenty patients and 20 controls of the same age group were enrolled in the study.Subjects and Methods:Five milliliters of blood were collected from each individual and serum was separated. Malondialdehyde (MDA) estimation using thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method, and antioxidant activity (AOA) using principle of TBA reactive substances was done using this serum, with a calorimetric method.Statistical Analysis Used:Student's t-test and ANOVA test.Results:The mean serum AOA status was seen to significantly decrease in OSMF patients, as compared to controls (P = 0.013). The increase in mean serum MDA level was highly significant in OSMF patients, as compared to controls (P < 0.001).Conclusion:The disparity between AOA and MDA levels in the patients clearly demonstrates the role of oxidative stress in the disease process. The results also suggest the use of antioxidants in the management of OSMF.

Antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoids contents of three herbs used as condiments and additives in pickles products

Abstract Heracleum lasiopetalum Boiss, Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff., and Echinophora platyloba DC. belong the Apiaceae family. They are Iranian endemic plants. These three herbs have been used as food additives in traditional preparations such as pickles. Antioxidant activity (AA) of methanol extracts (ME) of the plants was evaluated by three assays, including DPPH, FRAP, and TEAC. From all three assays, comparing all the MEs for their IC50 and EC1 values, E. platyloba had the highest AA. Total phenolic content (TPC) of the extracts ranged from 74 to 120 mg TAE/g. The extract of H. lasiopetalum exhibited the highest TPC. The flavonoids content (FC) of the extracts ranged from 7.63 to 14.52 mg RE/g, from which the extract of E. platyloba had the highest flavonoids concentration. A positive correlation between the FC and AA in DPPH assay was found. A significant correlation was also found between the TPC and AA in FRAP assay. These results suggested that the level of AA in these plants varied in a great extent. Our results indicated that extract of E. platyloba could be an important dietary source of flavonoids compounds with high antioxidant capacity. In addition, E. platyloba can be used as an alternative preservative and natural flavor instead of synthetic ones in food industry (especially pickles)