Levels In Obese Patients Research Articles

Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Circulating Levels of Sirtuin 4 in Obese Patients: A Novel Association.

Purpose This study was aimed at evaluating sirtuin 4 (Sirt4) levels in obese individuals, in relation to their adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), a healthy dietary pattern characterized by high antioxidant capacity, and markers of visceral fat storage. Subjects/Methods Forty-three obese patients (44% males; BMI: 36.7–58.8 kg/m2) were consecutively included. PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) and the 7-day food records were used to assess the adherence to MD and dietary pattern, respectively. Visceral adiposity index (VAI) was calculated. Sirt4 levels were detected by ELISA method. Results The majority of the obese participants (62.8%) had an average adherence to MD. Compared with average adherers, low adherers had higher BMI, energy intake, and percentage of energy from lipids, mainly saturated fat and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and lower Sirt4 levels. After adjusting for BMI, Sirt4 levels remained negatively correlated with VAI. After adjusting for total energy intake, Sirt4 levels remained negatively associated with PREDIMED and consumption of n-3 PUFA, vitamins C and E. The threshold value of PREDIMED predicting the lowest decrease in Sirt4 levels was found at a score of 6. Conclusions Less reduced Sirt4 levels in obese patients adhering to MD suggest a further aspect of the antioxidant advantage of MD.

The Effect of Agave tequilana Weber Inulin on Postprandial Ghrelin Concentration in Obese Patients.

This study was performed to investigate the effect of Agave tequilana Weber inulin on postprandial ghrelin levels in obese patients. A randomized, double-blind, cross-over design was performed. A total of 14 patients were allocated into two groups: one group received a drink that contained 500 mL lemon water, 24 g of A. tequilana Weber inulin, and 75 g glucose and the other group received a placebo drink with 500 mL lemon drink and 75 g of glucose. After a 7-day washout period, the groups were crossed. The primary outcome measure was postprandial ghrelin levels between minute 240 and minute 270. A. tequilana Weber inulin did not change postprandial ghrelin concentration in obese patients.

Association of the rs9939609 gene variant in FTO with insulin resistance, cardiovascular risk factor and serum adipokine levels in obese patients.

The aim of our study was to analyze the relationship of the rs9939609 FTO gene polymorphism with insulin resistance and serum adipokine levels. A population of 610 patients with obesity was analyzed in a cross sectional design. Weight, blood pressure, basal glucose, c-reactive protein (CRP), insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA), lipid profile and adipocytokines (leptin, adiponectin, resistin, TNF alpha, and interleukin 6) levels were measured. Insulin (122.2 ± 101.8 pmol/L vs. 104.5 ± 61.5 pmol/L vs.112.1 ± 74.3 pmol/L:p < 0.05) and HOMA-IR values (4.76 ± 4.4 vs. 3.71 ± 2.5 vs.3.76 ± 3.1;p < 0.05) were higher in TT group than AT and AA groups. Triglycerides values were higher in TT group than AA group (1.42 ± 0.71 mmol/L vs.1.39 ± 0.69 mmol/L vs.1.23 ± 0.64 mmol/L;p < 0.05). Adiponectin levels were lower in TT genotype group than AA genotype group (35801.2 ± 35,912.3 ng/L vs.26,718.1 ± 36,323.1 ng/L vs. 21,112.3 ± 25,623.1 ng/L p < 0.05). The FTO gene polymorphism, rs9939609, was found to be associated with insulin resistance, insulin, triglyceride and adiponectin levels in obese patients with TT variant.

Serum Pentraxin 3 Fragment as a Noninvasive Marker of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Obese Children and Adolescents

Background/Aims: It was suggested that serum pentraxin 3 (PTX3) levels could differentiate obese children with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) from those with simple steatosis. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of serum PTX3 fragment levels in the diagnosis of NASH and the assessment of its severity in obese children with suspected nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods: Fifty obese children were compared to 25 matched controls. All were subjected to history taking, anthropometric measurements, and abdominal ultrasonography, as well as laboratory assessments of liver functions, fasting lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index, fasting glucose/insulin ratio, and serum PTX3. Results: PTX3 was higher in obese cases than controls (p = 0.0001). Eighty percent of the cases had NAFLD with progressive increases in PTX3 levels as the severity of fatty liver increased (p = 0.0001). Moreover, PTX3 was higher in cases with elevated liver enzymes (3.205 ± 0.77 U/l) than those with normal liver enzymes (2.77 + 0.69 U/l, p < 0.0001). A cutoff value of 3.03 U/l differentiated fatty liver from NASH with a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 86%. Conclusion: Noninvasive monitoring of serum PTX3 fragment levels in obese patients with suspected NAFLD may be used as a reliable tool for differentiating NASH from simple fatty liver.

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure and Breathlessness in Obese Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Pilot Study.

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is an effective treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, long-term compliance with CPAP is limited. We tested the hypothesis that CPAP levels routinely used during sleep increase neural respiratory drive (NRD) and breathlessness, which may discourage compliance. This was an observational physiological cohort study in a respiratory physiology and sleep unit, University Hospital. Patients with a body mass index (BMI) > 25 kg/m(2) and confirmed OSA were studied supine and awake on CPAP (4-20 cm H2O, increments of 2 cm H2O/3 min). We measured NRD during awake CPAP titration in obese subjects to quantify the response to the load of the respiratory system and compared it to the CPAP used for nocturnal treatment, with the modified Borg Scale (mBorg) for dyspnea recorded (from 0 to 10 points, with higher numbers indicating more breathlessness). Fifteen patients (age 48 ± 10 years, 12 male, BMI 38.9 ± 5.8 kg/m(2)) with OSA (AHI 32.2 ± 21.1/h, 95(th) percentile of CPAP 14.1 ± 3.8 cm H2O) were studied and NRD (electromyogram of the parasternal intercostals, EMGpara; EMG of the external oblique, EMGabdomen) was recorded (awake, supine). Awake, EMGpara declined from baseline to 70.2% ± 17.1% when CPAP of 10.7 ± 3.4 cm H2O (P = 0.026) was applied. Further increase in CPAP led to a rise in EMGpara and increased breathlessness (P = 0.02). CPAP compliance (nights used) correlated negatively with mBorg scores (r = -0.738, P = 0.006). Awake, the respiratory system is maximally offloaded with lower than therapeutic CPAP levels in obese patients with OSA. Levels of NRD observed at effective CPAP levels while asleep are associated with breathlessness which may limit long-term CPAP compliance.

Reduced circulating levels of sTWEAK are associated with NAFLD and may affect hepatocyte triglyceride accumulation.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome and is strongly associated with obesity, dyslipidaemia and altered glucose regulation. Previous data demonstrated that low circulating levels of tumour necrosis factor weak inducer of apoptosis (sTWEAK) were associated with obesity, diabetes and insulin resistance, all traits associated with an increased risk of NALFD. Circulating sTWEAK levels are expected to be reduced in the presence of NAFLD. We aimed to explore the relationship between NAFLD and circulating sTWEAK levels in obese patients, and to evaluate the effect of sTWEAK on hepatocyte triglyceride accumulation.Design setting and patients:This is an observational case-control study performed in n=112 severely obese patients evaluated for NAFLD by abdominal ultrasound and n=32 non-obese patients without steatosis. Serum sTWEAK concentrations were measured by ELISA. Multivariable analyses were performed to determine the independent predictors of NAFLD. We analysed TWEAK and Fn14 protein expression in liver biopsies by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. An immortalized primary human hepatocyte cell line (HHL) was used to evaluate the effect of sTWEAK on triglyceride accumulation. We observed a reduction in serum circulating sTWEAK concentrations with the presence of liver steatosis. On multivariable analysis, lower sTWEAK concentrations were independently associated with the presence of NAFLD (odds ratio (OR)=0.023; 95% confidence interval: 0.001-0.579; P<0.022). In human hepatocytes, sTWEAK administration reduced fat accumulation as demonstrated by the reduction in palmitic acid-induced accumulation of triglyceride and the decreased expression of cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) and perilipin 1 and 2 (PLIN1 and PLIN2) genes. Decreased sTWEAK concentrations are independently associated with the presence of NAFLD. This is concordant with the observation that TWEAK reduces lipid accumulation in human liver cells.

Differential response of plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 after weight loss surgery in patients with or without type 2 diabetes

BackgroundObesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are associated with a suppression of fibrinolysis and an increased risk of intravascular thrombi because of elevated plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1). ObjectivesThe aim was to investigate PAI-1 levels in obese patients in the early phase after bariatric surgery, before any weight loss, and in the late phase, to identify the impact of reduced adipose mass versus weight loss independent effects on PAI-1 levels. We also studied the impact of T2D on the rate of PAI-1 reduction. SettingsTwelve obese patients with and without T2D (n = 6) who were scheduled for surgery at a designated Center of Excellence. MethodsPlasma PAI-1 antigen was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) preoperatively and at 4 and 42 days after gastric bypass surgery. ResultsIn the early phase, plasma PAI-1 was significantly decreased by 53% (P = .023). This difference did not remain significant in the late phase. However, PAI-1 levels in T2D and non-T2D patients were significantly different (P = .005). In non-T2D patients, plasma PAI-1 levels decreased significantly in both early and late phases (P = .038). Interestingly, in the T2D group, the PAI-1 levels tended to increase in the late phase and differed significantly from the non-T2D group. ConclusionWe report decreased PAI-1 levels in the immediate postoperative period after gastric bypass, indicating that a mechanism not related to the fat mass regulates the PAI-1 levels. Additionally, there may be a difference in PAI-1 levels between T2D and non-T2D patients 42 days postoperatively. Further studies are required to verify this difference and to elucidate the specific mechanisms responsible for PAI-1 synthesis.

Procalcitonin, an Independent Marker of Abdominal Fat Accumulation in Obese Patients.

Circulating procalcitonin (PCT) is an inflammatory marker produced by several cell types including adipose tissue following cytokine stimulation. A low-grade inflammation is well recognized in obese patients with insulin resistance but data on PCT levels in obese patients remain scarce. The aim of our study was to evaluate the link between plasma PCT concentration and metabolic parameters of obesity. Measurements of biological parameters and total body scan using dual-energy x-ray were performed in all non-diabetic adult patients with a body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m² hospitalized for metabolic and physical assessment of their obesity since January 2010. Elevated plasma PCT levels of the 295 patients included were associated with degree of obesity (OR = 2.76 [1.26-6.03] class III vs. class I obesity), waist circumference (OR = 4.20 [1.98-8.92], highest vs. lowest tercile), and trunk-to-total fat ratio (OR = 6.75 [2.12-21.4], highest vs. lowest tercile). Interestingly, no significant as- sociation between the highest PCT levels and hsCRP (OR = 1.33 [0.68-2.26]) or IR (OR = 1.26 [0.67-2.37]) was found. Our results showed that plasma PCT levels were independently associated with central adiposity assessed by clinical and imaging assessment, but not with insulin resistance in obese patients.

Oral High-Dose Vitamin D Dissolved in Oil Raised Serum 25-Hydroxy-Vitamin D to Physiological Levels in Obese Patients After Sleeve Gastrectomy-A Double-Blind, Randomized, and Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Osteomalacia and cardiometabolic disorders are favored in morbidly obese patients due to an inadequate vitamin D (VD) status. Former trials supplementing orally VD (20-50μg/day) in crystalline form after sleeve gastrectomy (SG) could not stabilize serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol levels at predefined concentrations (≥50nmol/l). We hypothesized that VD in an oily suspension would increase its bioavailability resulting in normal serum VD levels minimizing markers of cardiometabolic risk. Morbidly obese patients (n = 94, BMI 51.8 ± 11.5kg/m(2)) received orally 80μg/day VD3 dissolved in oil or placebo (pure oil) in a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study for 12weeks after SG. 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, parathyroid hormone, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, phosphate, magnesium, calcium, creatinine, C-reactive protein, lipids, glucose, and glycated hemoglobin were determined in serum/plasma before surgery and after 4 and 12weeks of supplementation. Intake of energy, fat, and VD were monitored using a 3-day food record. Seventy-nine patients were included in statistical analysis. Preoperatively, 77.2 and 40.5% presented 25-hydroxycholecalciferol levels <75 and <50nmol/l, respectively. After 12weeks of supplementation, significantly more patients in the VD group exhibited levels >50nmol/l (92%) and >75nmol/l (68%) compared to the placebo group (54 and 22%, respectively). Parameters of mineral metabolism and cardiometabolic risk were not modulated by intervention. Supplementation of 80μg/day VD3 by oil is an effective and safe measure to prevent VD deficiency and to treat a preexisting undersupply in patients after SG. Cardiometabolic risk factors were, however, not affected; probably, higher VD doses might be necessary. This trial was registered retrospectively on November 14, 2014, at the German Clinical Trials Register as DRKS00007143.

Decreased plasma orexin-A levels in obese patients with and without obstructive sleep apnea

Decreased plasma orexin-A levels in obese patients with and without obstructive sleep apnea

The effect of initial periodontal treatment on plasma, gingival crevicular fluid and salivary levels of 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine in obesity

ObjectiveRecent studies have shown adverse effects on the periodontium from the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in obesity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of obesity on 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels in the bodily fluids of patients with and without periodontal disease and to evaluate changes after initial periodontal treatment. DesignForty-five obese individuals and 45 normal-weight individuals were included in this study. Obese and normal-weight groups were classified into three sub-groups: chronic periodontitis (CP), gingivitis (G) and periodontally healthy controls (CTRL). Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), plasma, saliva samples and clinical measurements were obtained at baseline and a month after initial periodontal treatment. Levels of 8-OHdG were analysed by ELISA. ResultsWhile plasma 8-OHdG levels were significantly higher at baseline in the obese patients with periodontal disease than in the normal-weight individuals (P<0.05), no significant differences in GCF and saliva 8-OHdG levels were found (P˃0.05). GCF and salivary 8-OHdG levels in obese patients with G and CP were significantly higher than in CTRL groups at baseline (P<0.05). After treatment, 8-OHdG levels were decreased in all groups with periodontal disease (P<0.01). Statistically significant positive correlations were observed between GCF 8-OHdG levels and GI in all the groups (P<0.001). ConclusionsThe significant increase of plasma 8-OHdG levels in obese patients did not correlate with saliva and GCF 8-OHdG levels when compared to normal-weight individuals. Periodontal treatment had a positive effect on the periodontal parameters and 8-OHdG levels of both obese and normal-weight individuals.

Omentin-1 plasma levels and cholesterol metabolism in obese patients with diabetes mellitus type 1: impact of weight reduction.

Background:Omentin-1 is an anti-inflammatory adipokine produced preferentially by visceral adipose tissue. Plasma levels of omentin-1 are decreased in obesity and other insulin-resistant states. Insulin resistance contributes to the changes of cholesterol synthesis and absorption as well. The aim of this study was to characterise omentin-1 plasma levels in obese patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 during weight reduction, and to elucidate the relationship between cholesterol metabolism and omentin-1.Methods:Plasma levels of omentin-1 were measured in obese type 1 diabetics (n=14, body mass index >30 kg m−2, age 29–62 years) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (BioVendor). Gas chromatography with flame ionisation detector (Fisons Plc.,) was used to measure squalene and non-cholesterol sterols—markers of cholesterol synthesis and absorption (phase I). Measurements were repeated after 1 month (phase II; 1 week of fasting in the hospital setting and 3 weeks on a diet containing 150 g saccharides per day) and after 1 year (phase III) on a diet with 225 g saccharides per day.Results:Omentin-1 plasma levels were stable during phases I and II, but significantly increased (P<0.001) during phase III. Omentin-1 plasma dynamics were significantly associated with plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein (P=0.005) and triacylglycerols (P=0.01), as well as with lathosterol (P=0.03).Conclusion:Omentin-1 plasma levels significantly increased during the weight reduction programme. Omentin-1 plasma dynamics suggest a close relationship with cholesterol metabolism.

Comment on Shukla et al. Food Order Has a Significant Impact on Postprandial Glucose and Insulin Levels. Diabetes Care 2015;38:e98–e99

We appreciated the article by Shukla et al. (1) showing that food order had a significant impact on postprandial glucose and insulin levels in obese patients with type 2 diabetes in U.S. However, we have already reported not only the same effect of eating vegetables before carbohydrates on postprandial glucose and insulin levels but also a significant improvement of HbA1c by as much as 1.5% in outpatients with type 2 diabetes who received instructions …

Relationship Between Parathormone and Obesity-Linked Disorders.

In this study, we aimed to investigate whether high parathormone (PTH) levels in obese patients contribute to the metabolic complications of obesity. A total of 400 obese subjects aged 18-65 years were included. Anthropometric bioelectrical bioimpedance measures, blood tests, and 75 gram oral glucose tolerance test results were evaluated. Of the 400 obese subjects, 335 were female. The mean age was 39 ± 10 years. The median body mass index was 36 (interquartile range 34-41). Subjects were divided into quartiles according to blood PTH levels. Groups included quartile 1 [n = 100, median PTH; 42 (range 36-45)], quartile 2 [n = 100, median PTH; 55 (51-59)], quartile 3 [n = 100, median PTH; 73 (68-78)], and quartile 4 [n = 100, median PTH; 99 (89-125)]. Quartiles were evaluated with a generalized linear model adjusted for age, sex, and season of recruitment. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, homeostatic model assessment-estimated insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity index, triglyceride level, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were not different among quartiles. PTH and 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) were not associated with higher odds of prevalent metabolic syndrome in obese subjects (odds ratio, OR, 0.99 [95% confidence interval, CI, 0.981.00], P = 0.38 and 0.99 95% CI 0.96-1.01], P = 0.46, respectively). Decreased 25(OH)D levels were significantly correlated with higher odds of low HDL-C (OR 0.96 [95% CI 0.93-0.99], P = 0.04). PTH does not contribute to the occurrence of metabolic components of obesity, but there is a positive correlation between 25(OH)D and HDL-C.

Interplay of atherogenic factors, protein intake and betatrophin levels in obese-metabolic syndrome patients treated with hypocaloric diets.

The understanding of the potential role of betatrophin in human metabolic disorders is a current challenge. The present research evaluated circulating betatrophin levels in obese patients with metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) features under energy-restricted weight-loss programs and in normal weight in order to establish the putative interplay between the levels of this hormone, diet and metabolic risk factors linked to obesity and associated comorbidities. One hundred forty-three participants were enrolled in the study (95 obese-MetSyn; age 49.5±9.4 years; body mass index (BMI) 35.7±4.5 kg m(-2) and 48 normal weight; age 35.71±8.8 years; BMI 22.9±2.2 kg m(-2)). A nutritional therapy consisting in two hypocaloric strategies (control diet based on the AHA recommendations and the RESMENA (MEtabolic Syndrome REduction in Navarra) diet, a novel dietary program with changes in the macronutrient distribution) was only prescribed to obese-MetSyn participants who were randomly allocated to the dietary strategies. Dietary records, anthropometrical and biochemical variables as well as betatrophin levels were analyzed before (pre-intervention, week 0), at 8 weeks (post-intervention, week 8) and after 4 additional months of self-control period (follow-up, week 24). Betatrophin levels were higher in obese-MetSyn patients than normal-weight subjects (1.24±0.43 vs 0.97±0.69 ng ml(-1), respectively, P=0.012), and levels were positively associated with body composition, metabolic parameters, leptin and irisin in all participants at baseline. Notably, low pre-intervention (week 0) betatrophin levels in obese patients were significantly associated with higher dietary-induced changes in atherogenic risk factors after 8 weeks. Moreover, protein intake, especially proteins from animal sources, was an independent determinant of betatrophin levels after dietary treatment (B=-0.27; P=0.012). Betatrophin is elevated in obese patients with MetSyn features and is associated with poorer nutritional outcomes of adiposity and dyslipidemia traits after a weight-loss program. Dietary protein intake could be a relevant modulator of betatrophin secretion and activity.

Echocardiographic findings and plasma endothelin-1 levels in obese patients with and without obstructive sleep apnea.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and obesity are increasingly prevalent worldwide. Both promote endothelial dysfunction contributing to systemic and pulmonary hypertension over time. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) plays a pivotal role in the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH). The aim of the present study was to assess the association between plasma ET-1 and echocardiographic findings in obese individuals with and without OSA, as well as in non-obese patients with OSA. Ninety-seven subjects (56 males) were enrolled in the study. All subjects underwent the following tests: venous endothelin-1 levels, pulmonary function testing, and arterial blood gas analysis. All patients except controls underwent transthoracic echocardiography and portable testing for sleep-disordered breathing. Plasma ET-1 levels were significantly higher in obese patients, both with and without OSA (respectively, n = 30 (mean value, 268.06 ± 49.56pg/ml) and n = 32 (mean value, 263.12 ± 65.26pg/ml)), compared with non-obese patients with OSA or to healthy controls (respectively, n = 20 (mean value, 149.8 ± 23.09pg/ml) and n = 15 (mean value, 152.3 ± 27.64pg/ml); p < 0.0001). Pulmonary artery pressure (PAPs) in obese patients with OSA were significantly higher than in obese patients without OSA (p < 0.0001), while there was no statistical difference between PAPs of obese patients without OSA, compared with the group of non-obese OSA patients. Plasma ET-1 levels significantly correlated with systolic PAPs in obese patients both with and without OSA (respectively, n = 30, r = 0.385, p = 0.03567; n = 32, r = 0.3497, p = 0.0497). Our study suggests that endothelin levels are more strongly associated with weight than the presence of sleep-disordered breathing, but pulmonary artery hypertension is associated with both weight and OSA.

Fenofibrate reduces inflammation in obese patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus via sirtuin 1/fetuin A axis

AimsThe aim of the current study is to investigate the effect of fenofibrate alone and in combination with pioglitazone on serum sirtuin 1 and fetuin A of obese patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). MethodsIntervention effect on inflammatory parameters was assessed before and after treatment. The study was conducted on 60 postmenopausal females of whom, only 44 patients completed the study. They were distributed as follows; obese patients without T2DM (n=15) who administered fenofibrate (160mg/day) once for 8 weeks, obese patients with T2DM (n=15) who administered fenofibrate (160mg/day) once for 8 weeks, obese patients with T2DM (n=14) who administered fenofibrate (160mg/day) and pioglitazone (15mg/day) combination once for 8 weeks.We measured fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum lipids. Inflammatory markers (high sensitivity C-reactive protein “hs-CRP”, interleukin-6 “IL-6”, fetuin A, and sirtuin 1) of patients were measured in serum using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) kits. ResultsSirtuin 1 levels in obese patients with T2DM were significantly lower than its levels in obese patients while fetuin A levels were significantly higher (P<0.001). Fenofibrate, alone and in combination with pioglitazone, significantly decreased triacylglycerol, hs-CRP, IL-6, fetuin A and increased sirtuin 1 levels (P<0.001) which suggests that it can be used to delay the complications of obesity and T2DM. There is a strong correlation between fetuin A, sirtuin 1, IL-6 and hs-CRP levels suggesting a shared common pathway. ConclusionsFenofibrate was shown to increase serum sirtuin 1 and decrease serum fetuin A levels in obese patients. Trial numberPACTR201407000856135

Association between leptin gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue and circulating leptin levels in obese patients with psoriasis.

Numerous reports have shown that psoriasis is associated with obesity and leptin. However, few reports are available on the association between serum leptin levels and leptin gene expression in SAT of psoriasis patients. To clarify this point, we examined serum leptin levels and expression levels of leptin messenger RNA (mRNA) in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of psoriasis patients. 17 psoriasis vulgaris patients and 6 non-obese control patients who underwent skin surgery were enrolled in this study. We measured serum leptin levels. SAT samples in psoriasis patients were taken from beneath the lesional psoriatic skin at the time of skin biopsy. Leptin mRNA expression in SAT was measured using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) amplification. Leptin mRNA expression showed a positive correlation with serum leptin levels and BMI. We classified psoriasis patients into two groups according to BMI: the group of non-obese psoriasis patients (BMI < 25, n = 7), and the group of obese psoriasis patients (BMI ≥ 25, n = 10). PASI score, serum leptin levels and Leptin mRNA expression in SAT were significantly higher in the obese psoriasis patients than in the non-obese psoriasis patients. Leptin mRNA expression in SAT was correlated with circulating levels of leptin, the severity of psoriasis, and obesity in psoriasis patients. Serum leptin levels and leptin mRNA expression levels in SAT of non-obese psoriasis patients were not significantly different from those of non-obese controls. The altered secretion of leptin by SAT may be related to the severity of psoriasis.

PP.19.33

Objective: Obesity is associated with cardiovascular and metabolic complications; while a small proportion can be considered metabolically healthy obese (MHO) individuals, who have normal insulin sensitivity, lipid profile and blood pressure. The difference in adipokines levels in obese patients might determine the presence of metabolic health. The aim of the study was to assess the adipokine (leptin and adiponectin) levels in obese individuals with and without metabolic disorders in Russian population. Design and method: As a part of all-Russian epidemiology survey ESSE-RF random sampling of 1600 Saint-Petersburg inhabitants stratified by age and sex was involved. Anthropometry was performed according to standard protocols. Lipid profile was determined on Abbott Architect 8000, USA, Roche-diagnostics. Adipokines were determined on the Cobas Integra 400 plus, Switzerland, Roche-diagnostics. Criterion for insulin resistance (IR) and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) was taken the value of HOMA IR and CRP exceeding the 90th percentile in our sample of residents of St. Petersburg. Wildman criteria were applied for detection of metabolic health among obese people: presence of 0-1 factors (SBP greater or equal 130 or DBP greater or equal 85 mm Hg or antihypertensive therapy, triglycerides greater or equal 1.70 mmol/L, HDL < 1.04 (males), < 1.30 (females) mmol/L or lipid-lowering therapy, glucose greater or equal 5.55 mmol/L or hypoglycemic therapy, CRP > 4.72 mg/L, HOMA > 4.81). Results: Obesity (BMI is greater or equal 30 kg/m2) was detected in 430 (27.4%) participants. Complete data was available for 395 participants. According to the Wildman criteria MHO were diagnosed in 85 (21.5 %) people, which is comparable with the data of the world's population-based studies. Adiponectin was significantly higher in MHO comparing with metabolically unhealthy obese patients (median 10.48 (quartiles 6.97, 16.77) ug/ml vs 7.47 (4.64, 12,32) ug/ml), p < 0.01. Leptin levels were not significantly different in these groups of patients. Conclusions: Probably a higher level of adiponectin plays a protective role in obese patients and prevent metabolic disorders.

Higher plasma motilin levels in obese patients decrease after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery and regulate hunger

ObjectiveMotilin-induced phase III contractions of the migrating motor complex (MMC) signal hunger in healthy volunteers. The current aim was to study the role of motilin as a hunger-inducing factor in...