Levelized Cost Of Water Research Articles

Costs investigation of coupling an RO desalination system with a combined cycle power plant using DEEP code

The decision to use a desalination system as well as the selection of the most appropriate combined energy source depends on several parameters. The main are the low investment, the low maintenance requirements, a simple operation and a high reliability. This paper discusses the costs dependence from such parameters in the case of an RO desalination system coupled to a combined cycle power plant supplying both electricity and heat. An economic analysis is made for specific site data using DEEP code and the technical designs available in the program. The sensitivity of the levelized water cost from construction water plant cost, discount rate and operation and maintenance costs is established, taking into consideration that these parameters constitute the major constraint to the development of desalination water plants; water costs are determined for adequate economic hypothesis used in Morocco or recommended by international organizations such as IAEA and OECD.

Costs investigation of coupling an RO desalination system with a combined cycle power plant using DEEP code

The decision to use a desalination system as well as the selection of the most appropriate combined energy source depends on several parameters. The main are the low investment, the low maintenance requirements, a simple operation and a high reliability. This paper discusses the costs dependence from such parameters in the case of an RO desalination system coupled to a combined cycle power plant supplying both electricity and heat. An economic analysis is made for specific site data using DEEP code and the technical designs available in the program. The sensitivity of the levelized water cost from construction water plant cost, discount rate and operation and maintenance costs is established, taking into consideration that these parameters constitute the major constraint to the development of desalination water plants; water costs are determined for adequate economic hypothesis used in Morocco or recommended by international organizations such as IAEA and OECD.

Nuclear desalination competitiveness in the western region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

The competitiveness of nuclear desalination in the western region of Saudi Arabia was studied. A forecast of water demand between the years 2000 and 2025 was established as part of the input data required for the DEEP computer code. Several options of energy sources such as PWR (600 MWe), SPWR (160 MWth), PHWR (450 MWe), HR (200 MWth) and GT (125 MWe and 175 MWe) were investigated in conjunction with different desalination technologies such as RO, MSF, MED and the hybrid MED-RO. The total plant output, specific electricity investment cost, specific water investment cost, levelized power cost, average daily production, net saleable power and levelized water cost are presented for all cases. Two scenarios were investigated; the first assumed no interest and discount rates and the second assumed interest and discount rates equal to 4%, 8% and 12%. The first scenario assumed that the water utility continues under the control of the government while the second assumed that the water utility will be privatized.

Seawater reverse osmosis powered from renewable energy sources - hybrid wind/photovoltaic/grid power supply for small-scale desalination in Libya

GECOL and a consulting consortium of experts from ZSW, German Wind Energy Institute (DEWI) and Lahmeyer International (LI) are preparing the installation of an experimental plant for seawater reverse osmosis desalination powered from renewable energy sources (SWRO+RES) at Libya's coast of the Mediterranean sea. The nominal production of the plant will be 300 m 3/d for the supply of a village with potable water. Both wind energy conversion (WEC) and photovoltaic power generation (PV) will be integrated into a grid connected power supply for a reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plant with power recovery. While the expected nominal power load for the operation of the RO desalination system is 70 kW (net power after recovery), the solar PV system is designed for 50 kW peak, and the WEC for 200 kW nominal output. The design aims at a reduction of the annual non-renewable energy consumption to about 40%. The economic analysis of the integrated renewable energy systems predicts levelized water cost for the integration of Grid+WEC with RO of €1.8/m 3 and for Grid+PV with RO of €1.9 m 3 compared to €1.3/m 3 for t fossil only operation of the plant from the grid.

Economic analyses of a nuclear desalination system using deep pool reactors

The deep pool reactor(DPR) is a novel design of a pool-type reactor for supplying heat. Some special means of reduction of investment cost and nuclear fuel cost are adopted in DPR design. The DPR plant uses simple technology and is suitable for serving as a heat source for seawater desalination. The DPR plants with small and medium power capacities coupled with LT-MED desalination plants could provide fresh water production in the moderate range of 20,000 m 3/d to 150,000 m 3/d. Economic analysis indicates that this desalination system will decrease the total specific capital investment and levelized water cost. The nuclear desalination system provides a readily available and economically attractive solution for fresh water supply without contributing to increasing global pollution.