TSS Levels Research Articles

Determination of optimum dose of using Cao (quick lime) for acid mine water management on pH parameters in settling pond 81W pt. Antareja Mahada Makmur Site Perkasa Inakakerta Bengalon district, East Kutai Regency, East Kalimantan

Background: Efforts to manage AAT can be done in several ways, namely by using active and passive methods. For active management is by adding certain chemicals such as lime or alum so that a reaction occurs to control pH and TSS levels. This is related to the actual problems of the research area due to the pH that does not meet the quality standards for coal mining wastewater. The low pH parameters in the research area are a problem in the mining environment, if the content of mining wastewater that has an acidic pH is not neutralized and then directly discharged into the river body causes environmental pollution such as, disruption of aquatic biota that cannot live with an acidic pH and also has an impact on river water which will later be used by the local community for daily activities. Method: The research methodology is divided into 3 stages, namely: pre-field stage, field stage, and studio or post-field stage. Titration testing on each water sample with quicklime Titration testing to determine the optimum dose using initial measurement data obtained from the field. The dose used starts from 0.1 gr/L to neutral pH according to Environmental Quality Standards. Dosage determination is carried out in the Laboratory owned by PT Antareja Mahada Makmur site Perkasa Inakakerta using a jar test tool. Furthermore, the first data analysis carried out was to analyze rainfall data. From the results of actual flow rate measurements carried out at the inlet of the sedimentation pond and pH measurements in each compartment, the process of determining the amount of efficient quicklime dose for water quality management in the sedimentation pond was carried out. Results: The initial pH test results averaged 3.86. After the titration test, the final pH averaged 7.45. The results of testing several dose ranges obtained for the initial pH of 3.86 were 0.05 gr/L. Why did the researchers only use one initial pH value because it was the average result of daily measurements carried out for 10 days. To change the optimum dose from a laboratory scale to a field scale is to multiply the optimum dose by the hourly discharge entering the settling pond 81W. Conclusion : Several efforts have been made by PT Antareja Mahada Makmur, one of which is stabilization using the lime addition method on coal mining wastewater.

Efektivitas Fotokatalis Arang Untuk Mendegradasi COD, BOD, dan TSS Pada Limbah Tahu

The presence of tofu waste compounds in water results in pollution that can contaminate biota. A more effective, efficient, easy and cheap organic waste processing technique for the tofu industry is using the photocatalyst method. Photocatalysis is a combination reaction between photochemistry and catalyst with shell charcoal as a catalyst. This research aims to determine the levels of COD, BOD, and TSS in tofu waste before and after photocatalysis, and to determine the effectiveness of charcoal photocatalysis to degrade tofu waste. In the SEM (Scanning Electrone Mycroscope) test results, it was identified that charcoal has a fairly large and loose pore surface. The test results for the water content were 2.4% and the ash content was 11.45% and the ash content did not meet the charcoal quality standards according to SNI 01-1682-1996, the water content was 6% and the ash content was 3%. The FTIR absorption test results that appear indicate the presence of the O-H group, the C-H Streching functional group, the C ≡ N Nitrile functional group (strong), the C=C aromatic ring functional group which is a form of hexagonal charcoal, the C-O functional group and the presence of the C-H aromatic ring functional group. Test results before and after photocatalysis on Tofu waste for COD levels of 122mg/l and >>> mg/l, BOD 3567 mg/l and 2071mg/l, TSS 138 mg/l and 18 mg/l. The effectiveness of charcoal photocatalysis to degrade tofu waste was effectively used for BOD test parameters with a reduction percentage of 41.9%, TSS of 86.9% and for COD test parameters it was not effective for the photocatalyst method.

Pengaruh Waktu Tinggal Kadar COD, BOD, TSS dan Amonia Pada Limbah Cair Industri Tekstil dengan Metode Constructed Wetland Menggunakan Tanaman Melati Air (Echinodorus Palaefolius)

Textile waste has damaged the environment with various very high pollutants, such as high dissolved solids, COD, BOD, TSS and Ammonia. The high pollutant load in textile waste causes damage to aquatic ecosystems and affects human health if not managed properly. Constructed wetland is one of the efficient, effective and appropriate liquid waste treatment technologies because it uses a variety of vegetation. The study of the constructed wetland system using water jasmine plants (Echinodorus palaefolius) aims to reduce COD, BOD, TSS and Ammonia pollutants as an effect of detention time variations. Detention time includes 3,5,7 days. The results of the study showed that COD, BOD, TSS and Ammonia levels were affected by detention time. The efficiency of reducing COD levels on days 3, 5, and 7 was 58.38%, 54.30% and 55.45% respectively with concentrations of 397 mg/L, 430 mg/L and 425 mg/L. At BOD levels of 5.12%, 9.40% and 47.69% with concentrations of 111 mg/L, 106 mg/L and 61.2 mg/L. At TSS levels of 54.96%, 60.30% and 63.35% with concentrations of 59 mg/L, 52 mg/L and 48 mg/L. At Ammonia levels of 49.30%, 49.65% and 56.25% with concentrations of 1.46 mg/L, 1.45 mg/L and 1.26 mg/L. The results of textile wastewater quality standards are in accordance with the Minister of Environment Regulation No. 5 of 2014.

Predicting Effect of Refuse Dump on the Water Quality of Otamiri River

This research is aimed at predicting effect of refuse dump on the water quality of Otamiri River which served for domestic uses among the rural inhabitants. Anthropogenic activities that goes on at its bank that serve as non-point source have raised much concern about the water quality of the river. Water samples were collected from nine (9) spatially referenced points within the river using the conventional WHO (2004) methods [1] and analyzed in line with APHA standard procedures for testing water in order to evaluate the water quality status of Otamiri River. Spatial variations in biological and physicochemical parameter were observed across the sampling locations. Maximum levels of pH and colour were recorded in sampling Location 1 (5.7 and 17.5Pcu respectively). Maximum levels of EC, Nitrate, Sulphate, TDS, TSS and TS were recorded in sampling locations 3 with the average value (79 , 5.1225 mg/l N0- 3 2.46mg/L, 52mg/L, 161mg/L and 109mg/L respectively). Maximum levels of COD in Location 2 (684mg/L). Maximum levels of Turbidity, , , DO and (8.34NTU, 0.443 mg/L, 2.22 mg/l, 15.18 mg/L and 12.21 mg/L respectively) were recorded in Location 5. The data analysis tool in Microsoft Excel was used to explore and study the interrelationship between the water quality index as dependent variable and some conservative parameters like (pH, EC, Tur, N0-3, TH, TDS, , , DO, and COD) as independent variables. Regression models were developed and they will help in determining the pollution concentration at any point within the river. As constant dumping of refuse at the site has increased the concentration of pollutants in the river water, even though some remain within established standards, water from Otamiri River requires elaborate treatment before it could be suitable for domestic purposes. Institutional and social familiarities were identified as cause of poor waste disposal problem

Performance evaluation of a brewery wastewater treatment plant: A case of Heineken Brewery, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Untreated wastewater from the brewing industry poses significant environmental risks due to its high organic content. Therefore, this study evaluates the wastewater treatment system at Heineken Brewery in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Key parameters analyzed include COD, BOD₅, TSS, pH, ammonia (NH₃), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), electrical conductivity (EC), temperature, turbidity, and volatile fatty acids (VFA). These parameters were analyzed following the procedures of the American Public Health Association's standard. The treatment system demonstrated notable efficiency, with influent temperature decreasing from 29.37 °C to 25.35 °C, remaining well below the acceptable limit of 40 °C. The pH dropped from a mean of 9.3 to 7.5, aligning with the acceptable range of 6–9. COD and BOD₅ were significantly reduced by 97.2 %, achieving levels well below discharge limits of 250 mg/L and 60 mg/L, respectively. TSS levels decreased by 95.7 %, with a mean of 32.3 mg/L. However, TP and TN removal efficiencies were lower at 49.4 % and 57.6 %, respectively, with TP slightly exceeding the limit of 5 mg/L. The system effectively reduced VFA by 94.3 % and turbidity by 71.5 %. While parameters such as pH, temperature, TN, NH₄-N, and EC were within acceptable limits, the high nutrient concentrations in the final effluent indicate potential environmental contamination if discharged untreated. Overall, while the treatment plant shows commendable pollutant removal efficiency, further optimization is needed for improved nutrient management.

Changes in total soluble solids concentration, fruit acidity, and yeast assimilable nitrogen in response to altered leaf area to fruit weight ratio in Pinot noir

The increasing consumer demand for lower alcohol wine and the need to mitigate against a warming climate presents new challenges for winegrowers and the desire to produce grapes with lower total soluble solids (sugar) or earlier harvesting, while preserving other wine compounds and attributes, particularly for varieties intended for red wine production. We investigated how reducing vine leaf area through shoot trimming and leaf removal, applied at different severities and timings to modify the leaf area to fruit weight (LA) ratio, affects fruit composition for producing lower alcohol quality Pinot noir wine. Shoot trimming treatments (half canopy, H in 2015/16 and 2016/17, and quarter canopy, Q in 2016/17 by alternately removing leaves after trimming shoots to half) were applied shortly before veraison (V-, E-L 34), during veraison (V, E-L 35) and post-veraison (V+, E-L 36) in three different vineyard locations (Marlborough, Canterbury and Central Otago, New Zealand). Untrimmed vines served as the control. Lateral shoots were removed during treatment application, and regrowth was removed to maintain a consistent leaf area. Results showed that reducing the LA:FW ratio delayed the accumulation and concentration of total soluble solids (reduction of 1.0 to 2.7 °Brix) at harvest in all trimmed vines over both seasons. Berry weight, malic acid concentration, titratable acidity, and pH at harvest were unaffected by trimming. At target TSS levels of 18 °Brix (10 % ethanol, v/v) in the Marlborough vineyard and 20 °Brix (11 % v/v) in the Central Otago vineyard, V+ vines showed malic acid and titratable acidity levels comparable to the control. At the Canterbury vineyard, these parameters remained similar across all treatments at 16 °Brix (8.9 % v/v). Yeast-assimilable nitrogen concentration increased (188 to 411 mg/L) in early trimmed vines. At Central Otago, roots showed lower carbohydrate reserves across all trimming treatments, likely due to the high yield at the site, while at Canterbury, trimming did not result in significant differences in carbohydrate reserves, likely due to the low yield at the site. At the Marlborough vineyard, vines trimmed early and more severely had less starch in their roots, while HV+ vines maintained similar levels of starch to controls. In conclusion, halving the canopy post-veraison (HV+, LA 0.70 m²/kg as observed in Marlborough) could be considered a viable viticultural option to lower sugar accumulation, thereby reducing potential alcohol content, without affecting titratable acidity and pH. This practice offers significant potential for adapting to a warming climate and producing lower alcohol Pinot noir wines in a sustainable manner.

Dual function of sea grapes (Caulerpa racemosa) as phytoremediator for palm oil mill effluent and as ornamental fish feed formulation

Phytoremediation is a promising technology for treating Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME). Moreover, phytoremediators have the potential for various aplication, including as feedstock. Hence, this study aims to elucidate the ability of sea grapes (Caulerpa racemosa) in remediating POME and evaluate their suitability as ornamental fish feed. Results showed that application of sea grapes effectively decreased the COD, TSS, phosphate (PO43−), and nitrate (NO3−) levels in POME. Sea grapes maintained in POME with a concentration of 12.5% had the highest reduction rate and growth performance. Moreover, sea grapes biomass from the remediation process can be utilized as feed material for ornamental fish, as indicated by increasing skin coloration of fish. For the first time, this study provides sustainable options for managing POME using sea grapes and suggests sea grapes as a potential fish feed formulation for ornamental fish.

Bioremediation of Fishery Waste Using Water Lettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.)

Abstract One of the relatively affordable and safe waste treatment is biological treatment by utilising certain plants as biofilters. The water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.) is an aquatic plant that is usually considered a weed by the community. These plants can be used to absorb toxic elements in wastewater. The purpose of this study was to analyse the relationship between Pistia stratiotes L. and the decrease in the organic matter content of fishery processing wastewater. The research method involved varying the effectiveness of the relationship between the bacteria and the water lettuce, the cover rate of the water slide plants and measuring water quality. Water quality measurements include: analysis of BOD5, COD, TSS, pH and temperature. Data analysis with regression and correlation tests using SPSS 28 software. In this study, the density of Pistia stratiotes L. used was 0 %, 25 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100 %. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the effectiveness of the Pistia stratiotes L. in reducing levels of BOD5, COD and TSS is highest at a density of 100 % with the effectiveness values of each 23.7 mg/L, 58.7 mg/L and 2.67 mg/L.

Spirulina Platensis as Biocoagulant to Reduce Turbidity and Total Suspended Solids in Domestic Wastewater

It is essential to treat wastewater before it is discharged into water bodies. The wastewater treatment method that is widely used is coagulation using the synthetic coagulant PAC, whose continuous use can harm human health and reduce the pH value of the water. Therefore, wastewater treatment innovation is needed to overcome this problem. This study will examine the potential of Spirulina platensis as a biocoagulant to reduce turbidity and TSS. This research was conducted in 3 stages, starting from the extraction, protein test, and optimum dose test. The results showed that Spirulina platensis has 0.0114375% protein in 20 gr and can reduce the lowest turbidity at doses of 10-5 ml / L and 10-10 ml / L (in 2 injections) with an effectiveness value of reducing turbidity levels by 63.02% and able to reduce the lowest TSS levels at doses 10-10 ml / L (in 2 injections ) with an effectiveness value of reducing levels by 85%. Based on the Wilcoxon test, it was found that the P-value < 0.05, which means that there is a significant difference in TSS values and turbidity between the results before and after Spirulina platensis biocoagulant treatment.

The Serial Mediating Role of Acidity Content and total Soluble Solids in Linking Peel Thickness to Vitamin C Content in Some Accessions of Citrus limon (L.) Burm

This study aimed to examine whether the association between PT and VC content is influenced by the levels of TSS and AT content. More Specifically, the experimental analytical investigation involved 24 lemon Accession (Citrus limon (L.) Burm.), with a focus on the VC content in the fruits. Serial mediation analyses were conducted using Model 6 of Hayes’ PROCESS macro (version 4.2), with controls for weight, FL, number of seeds per fruits, and percentage of juice. The mediation analysis indicated that PT had a total effect of 31.74 (95% CI, 9.04-54.45) on VC content. This effect was divided into a direct effect of 7.13(95% CI, -14.15-28.40) and an indirect effect of 24.61 (95% CI, 12.16-37.93), with an estimated proportion of 77.54% being mediated by levels of TSS and AT. Additionally, TSS and AT were identified as independent factors contributing to the increase in VC content, serving as significant mediators in the relationship between PT and VC content. In summary, our findings suggest that levels of TSS and AT play crucial roles as mediators in linking PT to VC content. These findings have practical implications for optimizing vitamin C levels in citrus fruits

Ectoine maintains the flavor and nutritional quality of broccoli during postharvest storage

The bacterial derived osmolyte ectoine has been shown to stabilize cell structure and function, a property that may help to extend the shelf life of broccoli. The impact of ectoine on broccoli stored for 4 d at 20 °C and 90% relative humidity was investigated. Results indicated that 0.20% ectoine treatment maintained the quality of broccoli, by reducing rate of respiration and ethylene generation, while increasing the levels of total phenolics, flavonoids, TSS, soluble protein, and vitamin C, relative to control. Headspace-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that ectoine stabilized aroma components in broccoli by maintaining level of volatile compounds and altered the expression of genes and metabolites associated with sulfur metabolism, as well as fatty acid and amino acid biosynthesis pathways. These findings provide a greater insight into how ectoine preserves the flavor and nutritional quality of broccoli, thus, extending its shelf life.

Exogenous melatonin delays oxidative browning in litchi during cold storage by regulating biochemical attributes and gene expression.

Oxidative damage leading to loss of nutritional quality and pericarp discoloration of harvested litchi fruits drastically limits consumer acceptance and marketability. In the present investigation, the impact of postharvest melatonin application at different concentrations, i.e., 0.1 mM, 0.25 mM, and 0.5 mM, on fruit quality and shelf life of litchi fruits under cold storage conditions was studied. The results revealed the positive effect of melatonin application at all concentrations on fruit quality and shelf life. However, treatment with 0.5 mM concentration of melatonin resulted in minimum weight loss, decay loss, pericarp discoloration, and also retained higher levels of TSS, acidity, total sugar, ascorbic acid, anthocyanin, antioxidant, and phenolics content during cold storage. Melatonin administration also restricted the enzymatic activity of the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) enzymes in the fruit pericarp and maintained freshness of the fruits up to 30 days in cold storage. At the molecular level, a similar reduction in the expression of browning-associated genes, LcPPO, LcPOD, and Laccase, was detected in preserved litchi fruits treated with melatonin. Anthocyanin biosynthetic genes, LcUFGT and LcDFR, on the other hand showed enhanced expression in melatonin treated fruits compared to untreated fruits. Melatonin, owing to its antioxidant properties, when applied to harvested litchi fruits retained taste, nutritional quality and red color pericarp up till 30 days in cold storage.

Growth performance, health status and flesh quality of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) reared in variable stocking densities in biofloc system

Optimization of ideal stocking density in intensive aquaculture system is a challenging appraisal. Higher stocking density is inducing chronic stress, impacting negatively on physiology and increasing disease associated risks in fish. Hence, the study was designed to evaluate the water quality, growth performance, health status and flesh quality of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). The fish (2.61–2.64 ± 0.01 g initial body weight) were reared in randomly designed variable stocking densities (SDs) including five treatments (30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 fish m−3) in triplicates at C:N ratio 15:1 in jaggery supplemented biofloc system for 120 days in 1000 –L experimental fiber-reinforced plastic tanks. SD30 acted as control treatment having low stocking density. During the culture, pH, alkalinity and dissolved oxygen level decreased and BOD increased with increased stocking density. TDS and TSS level increased upto SD50 treatment and further decreased in higher stocking density treatments. Higher population of heterotrophic, ammonifying and nitrifying bacteria significantly (p < 0.05) reduced TAN, NH3-N, NO2-N, and elevated NO3-Nas well as rate and potential of ammonification and nitrification in SD50 treatment than other treatments. Bacillariophyceae and protozoa were most dominant group in the biofloc microbiome in all the treatments. Highly elevated biofloc volume, floc microbiome, good floc characteristics and floc quality might have enhanced fish survival rate, body weight gain, SGR through improving FCR in SD50 than other SDs. Moreover, higher population of gut microbiota (TPC and probiotic) and elevated digestive enzymes activity in fish reared in SD50 treatment significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced PER, ANPU, and somatic indices (GSI and HSI) as well as enhanced colour (lightness, yellowness/blueness and whiteness), flesh quality and hardness. Fish reared in SD50 treatment showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher haematological (TEC, TLC and Hb), immunological (TSP, albumin, RBA and lysozyme), antioxidant responses (higher SOD and CAT) and lower metabolic stress enzymes responses (ALT, AST and glucose). Moreover, fish reared in SD50 treatment showed improved villi surface area and height in intestine and slightly vacuolated hepatocytes in liver. Overall, significantly (p < 0.05) better water quality, fish performance, health status and flesh quality were observed in SD50. Collectively, the findings suggest that farmers can be benefitted by fetching higher production through suitable stocking density (50fish m−3) of P. hypophthalmus in biofloc with improved water quality, growth performance, health status and flesh quality.

On the sediment deposition on Barugbug Situdam Weir

In this paper, we investigate the behavior of total sediment transport in the Barudbug weir, Situdam, Karawang, West Java, Indonesia, which is a crucial aspect of water management in the Citarum river basin. We utilize SESAME instrument observation data, encompassing rainfall, TSS, and depth parameters, gathered over a period of approximately three years. Additionally, we employ a two-dimensional Advection-Diffusion analytic model that takes into account settling velocity. The observation results reveal a positive correlation between TSS and depth, with TSS levels increasing following heavy rainfall. Furthermore, there exists a time delay between rainfall events and the subsequent rise in TSS concentration, suggesting an upstream source of sediment. The model outcomes demonstrate an inverse relationship between TSS concentration and the velocity of river flow, as the river flow acts as a leaching mechanism.

Demo-scale up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor coupled with hybrid constructed wetlands for energy-carbon efficient agricultural wastewater reuse in decentralized scenarios

The impact of climate change on water availability and quality has affected agricultural irrigation. The use of treated wastewater can alleviate water in agriculture. Nevertheless, it is imperative to ensure proper treatment of wastewater before reuse, in compliance with current regulations of this practice. In decentralized agricultural scenarios, the lack of adequate treatment facilities poses a challenge in providing treated wastewater for irrigation. Hence, there is a critical need to develop and implement innovative, feasible, and sustainable treatment solutions to secure the use of this alternative water source. This study proposes the integration of intensive treatment solutions and natural treatment systems, specifically, the combination of up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB), anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR), constructed wetlands (CWs), and ultraviolet (UV) disinfection. For this purpose, a novel demo-scale plant was designed, constructed and implemented to test wastewater treatment and evaluate the capability of the proposed system to provide an effluent with a quality in compliance with the current European wastewater reuse regulatory framework. In addition, carbon-sequestration and energy analyses were conducted to assess the sustainability of the proposed treatment approach. This research confirmed that UASB rector can be employed for biogas production (2.5 L h−1) and energy recovery from organic matter degradation, but its effluent requires further treatment steps to be reused in agricultural irrigation. The AnMBR effluent complied with class A standards for E. coli, boasting a concentration of 0 CFU 100 mL−1, and nearly negligible TSS levels. However, further reduction of BOD5 (35 mg L−1) is required to reach water quality class A. CWs efficiently produced effluent with BOD5 below 10 mg L−1 and TSS close to 0 mg L−1, making it suitable for water reuse and meeting class A standards. Furthermore, CWs demonstrated significantly higher energy efficiency compared to intensive treatment systems. Nonetheless, the inclusion of a UV disinfection unit after CWs was required to attain water class B standards.

Application of Moringa Seeds Coagulant to Treat Wastewater from Chicken Slaughterhouse Industry

Liquid waste generated by the chicken slaughterhouse industry results in an increased concentration of organic matter decomposes in the environment. High organic matter content can be achieved by the coagulation-flocculation method. This study aims to determine the removal efficiency of turbidity, BOD, COD, and TSS in the reactor. A dose of 250 mL with a coagulation speed of 100 rpm 1 minute and a flocculation speed of 25 rpm 10 minutes with a variation of settling time of 1.5 hours, 2 hours, and 2.5 hours of moringa seeds were investigated to find reduction levels of turbidity, BOD, COD, and TSS. This study showed that moringa seed coagulants were able to reduce the BOD concentration by 87.74% with an initial level of 662 mg/L to 101.01 mg/L in 2.5 hours, a COD concentration of 61.43% with an initial level of 2240 mg/L to 864 mg/L at 2.5 hours, the TSS concentration was 77.78% with an initial level of 360 mg/L to 80 mg/L at 2.5 hours while the turbidity value was 87.73% with an initial level of 441 NTU to 54.1 NTU. Moringa seeds could be effectively used to reduce the parameters of turbidity, TSS, BOD, and COD.

Effect of Polyamines on Post Harvest Physiology and Vase Life of Cut Gerbera

The study was conducted at College of Horticulture, SKLTSHU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. Significantly highest relative water content (74.22%) and carotenoid content (5.58 mg) were recorded in spermine 1.0 mM compared to spermidine 1.5 mM and putrescine 3.0 mM. The impact of spermine in increasing the petal carotenoid content might be delaying carotenoid degradation via their enzymatic oxidation in the chromoplasts and prevent the breakdown of flavonoids to make the flower fresh by improving water absorption. An increase in membrane stability index (55.87%) as indicated by ion leakage was found to be delayed or reduced (25.93%) by the use of spermine 1 mM. While the control was at highest (38.58%) and prolonged flower longevity compared with untreated flowers. Spermine 1.0 mM was found to be more effective in maintaining higher levels of TSS (10.37o Brix) and soluble sugars are involved in membrane stability and reduce the flower wilting. Thus, the treatments of spermine @ 1.0 mM ppm influenced the postharvest physiology of gerbera flowers and extended the vase life of gerbera by 4-5 days as compared to control.

The Efficacy of Seaweed Powder Application for Enhancing Wastewater Quality in the Cepuk Textile Industry of Nusa Penida

Introduction: The traditional textile art of Tenun Cepuk from Nusa Penida is highly valued for its intricate designs and cultural importance. Nevertheless, the environmental predicament posed by the textile industry's wastewater, particularly due to dye-related contamination, is substantial and necessitates sustainable remedies. Seaweed powder shows considerable promise as an adsorbent for addressing dye wastewater issues within the textile sector. An essential aspect of this endeavor is to explore the dynamic relationship between different thicknesses and contact durations, as it is pivotal in optimizing the adsorption capacity and effectiveness of seaweed powder for treating dye wastewater..Method: This research, utilizing an Experimental research design with a Posttest Only Control Group Design, is conducted to evaluate the influence of an intervention on the experimental group as compared to the control group. Euchema cottonii seaweed, sourced from Nusa Penida, is employed as the adsorbent. Different thicknesses of seaweed powder, namely 5 cm, 10 cm, and 15 cm, are added to tanks. Subsequently, wastewater samples from the Cepuk weaving process are introduced into each of the experimental tanks, alongside a control group. The process is allowed to continue for 24 and 72 hours as varying contact durations. The adsorption outcomes are then subjected to analysis, including parameters such as TSS, TDS, BOD5, and COD, at the Panureksa Denpasar Laboratory.Results: The application of seaweed powder as an adsorbent proves to be efficient in decreasing TDS, TSS, BOD5, and COD levels in Cepuk textile dye wastewater. The extent of reduction relies on the thickness of the adsorbent and the duration of contact. Increased thickness of the adsorbent results in a pronounced reduction in TDS, TSS, BOD5, and COD levels, leading to an improvement in the quality of wastewater and a safer environmental impact. Specifically, an adsorbent with a thickness of 15 cm effectively reduces TDS to permissible levels. Extended contact times also lead to a significant decrease in these levels..Conclusion: The application of seaweed powder is a viable method for reducing TDS, TSS, BOD5, and COD levels in textile dye wastewater. The thickness of the adsorbent and the duration of contact play a substantial role in improving the quality of the wastewater.

COMBINATION OF PHOTOCATALIST TiO2 (Titanium Dioxide) AND H2O2 (Hydrogen Peroxide) IN LAUNDRY WASTEWATER TREATMENT

Any laundry operation will discharge the waste water directly to the water surface, which can lead to pollution in the water. One method that can be used to treat laundry wastewater is a photocatalytic method with TiO2 (Titanium Dioxide) as an UV-assisted catalyst that is combined with a strong H2O2 oxidizer to produce OH (hydroxyl radical) to oxidize pollutants. The study aims to determine the differences in pH, TSS, BOD, COD, and Phosphate separation values with combination of TiO2 and H2O2 doses with variations in UV exposure time for 30, 60, and 90 minutes. A good quality TSS level obtained in the 60th minute with a dose of 1 g TiO2 and in combination with 10 ml H2O2 can reduce TSS levels by 20 mg/l from the initial TSS with a residual weight of 180 mg/L. A decrease in the quality COD level at a 90 minute clearance time with a dosage of 1 gr TiO2, in a combination of 10 ml H2O2, can reduce the COD levels by 32.5 mg/ l from the original COD value of 89.1 mg/l. A reduction in the phosphate level achieved at the cleaning time of 30 minutes at a combined dose of 4 gr TiO2 in a 40 ml combination, can lower the phosphatic level by 0.05 mg /l from the starting value of 5.61 mg/l and already meet the quality standard of laundry waste water.

Use of Paci and Alum to Reduce Tss Levels in People's Rubber Soaking Liquid Waste

The coagulants used are PACl and alum because, in addition to their low price, PACl and alum are also proven to reduce turbidity and TSS levels in wastewater. This study aimed to determine the effect of PACl and alum on reducing TSS levels in people's rubber bath waste. This type of research is classified as an actual experiment, utilizing a pretest and posttest design with a control group. Integrated sampling was the sampling technique used in this study. Statistical analysis is performed using the normality test, and if the data is normally distributed, it is continued with the one-way ANOVA test. The normality test results showed average distributed TSS level data. They continued the Anova test (p = 0.005 &lt; ɑ = 0.05), which found a difference between PACl and alum coagulant in reducing TSS levels in people's rubber immersion liquid waste. A PACl dose of 1200 mg/L lowered TSS levels by 46%. While the alum dose of 3000 mg/LL has not been able to reduce TSS levels, The variation in the dose of PACl and alum coagulants should be reduced again to be optimal for reducing TSS levels in liquid waste. To meet the quality standards of rubber immersion waste by reducing TSS levels, liquid waste with acidic or alkaline properties needs a neutralization process by adding lime.