Levels Of Trait Anxiety Research Articles

The Added Effect of Music-Assisted Kangaroo Care Applied to Mothers with Premature Babies in the Intensive Care Unit on the Amount of Breast Milk, the Initiation Time of Breastfeeding, and Anxiety Level.

Background: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of music-assisted kangaroo care, applied to mothers with premature babies in the intensive care unit on the amount of breast milk, the initiation time of breastfeeding, and the level of anxiety. Methods: The study was carried out with mothers whose premature babies were hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit. The sample size of the study was 99 mothers. Results: 85.5% of the mothers were aged >35 years, 30.1% were high school graduates, 38.6% had equal income and expenses and 77.1% had a cesarean section. The state and trait anxiety levels of the mothers in the music assisted kangaroo care (MAKC), kangaroo care (KC), and control (C) groups decreased after the first day according to the follow-up times. The trait anxiety levels of the mothers in the MAKC group experienced on the first and sixth days were lower than those of the mothers in the KC and C groups, with the statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). It was found that the mothers in the MAKC group started breastfeeding earlier than those in the KC and C groups, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: A significant difference was found between the MAKC and KC groups and the control group in terms of an increase in the amount of milk, a decrease in trait anxiety levels, and early initiation of breastfeeding (p < 0.05).

Directed exploration is elevated in affective disorders but reduced by an aversive interoceptive state induction.

Elevated anxiety and uncertainty avoidance are known to exacerbate maladaptive choice in individuals with affective disorders. However, the differential roles of state vs. trait anxiety remain unclear, and underlying computational mechanisms have not been thoroughly characterized. In the present study, we investigated how a somatic (interoceptive) state anxiety induction influences learning and decision-making under uncertainty in individuals with clinically significant levels of trait anxiety. A sample of 58 healthy comparisons (HCs) and 61 individuals with affective disorders (iADs; i.e., depression and/or anxiety) completed a previously validated explore-exploit decision task, with and without an added breathing resistance manipulation designed to induce state anxiety. Computational modeling revealed a pattern in which iADs showed greater information-seeking (i.e., directed exploration; Cohen's d=.39, p=.039) in resting conditions, but that this was reduced by the anxiety induction. The affective disorders group also showed slower learning rates across conditions (Cohen's d=.52, p=.003), suggesting more persistent uncertainty. These findings highlight a complex interplay between trait anxiety and state anxiety. Specifically, while elevated trait anxiety is associated with persistent uncertainty, acute somatic anxiety can paradoxically curtail exploratory behaviors, potentially reinforcing maladaptive decision-making patterns in affective disorders.

Scenting serenity: influence of essential-oil vaporization on dental anxiety - a cluster-randomized, controlled, single-blinded study (AROMA_dent)

Dental fear and anxiety (DFA) is known as an immense challenge in oral healthcare, which can result in compromised oral health, pain, and uncomfortable treatment. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of essential-oil vaporization on acute anxiety of patients in dental practices. Four dental practices used five weekly cycles of vaporization with each scent: Orange (Citrus sinensis), Swiss Pine (Pinus cembra), Good Mood (blended essential oils: Citrus sinensis, Citrus aurantifolia, Citrus limon, Osmanthus fragrance (5%)), Forest Walk (blended essential oils: Abies grandis, Pinus cembra, Myrtus communis c. t. 1,8-cineol, Abies alba, Citrus paradisi, Abies sibirica, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Vetiveria zizanoides), and water. Acute anxiety was the primary outcome (state-trait-anxiety inventory (STAI-S)). Secondary outcomes were trait anxiety (STAI-T), dental anxiety (Kleinknecht dental fear survey), and pain perception in treatment (numeric rating scale). Across all patients (n = 486), STAI-S was slightly higher in the control group (40.7 ± 11.6) than in the intervention groups (38.4 ± 10.5). Post-hoc analyses revealed that the effect is only robust for the subgroup of female patients (n = 296, p = 0.044). We also conducted a post-hoc additional analysis on a subpopulation with an increased level of STAI-T ≥ 42 (n = 131 patients). For this group the difference in acute anxiety between the control group (51.1 ± 11.9, n = 30) vs. the intervention groups (46.8 ± 9.6, n = 118) was significant (T = 4.39, p = 0.0379). The results of the study indicate a promising potential of essential-oil vaporization to alleviate dental anxiety, particularly in the subgroups of patients with a high level of trait anxiety, and particularly in female patients. The calming effects of the essential-oil vaporization were also highlighted by the anecdotical statements of the dental-practice staff. The anxiety-reducing role of essential-oil vaporization alone and as one part of combined techniques to counter DFA should be further explored using multi-perspective methodological approaches in research.

Mediating role of right superior corona microstructural changes in linking attentional control and trait anxiety among youth with childhood maltreatment.

This study explores the neural correlates between attentional control and trait anxiety among youth with a history of childhood maltreatment. Using diffusion tensor imaging, we investigated the microstructural integrity of brain white matter, particularly focusing on the right superior corona radiata (SCA-R). A total of 173 university students with experiences of childhood maltreatment underwent behavioral assessments using the Attentional Control Scale and trait anxiety measurements via the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Our analysis found significant correlations between fractional anisotropy values in the SCA-R and trait anxiety levels, controlled for age and sex. Notably, SCA-R fractional anisotropy values partially mediated the relationship between attentional control and trait anxiety, suggesting a potential pathway through which attentional control could mitigate trait anxiety. These insights highlight attentional control as a potential mitigating factor against trait anxiety, particularly noting the partial mediation role of the SCA-R. Importantly, this study is descriptive and correlative, highlighting associations rather than causal relationships among the variables studied. These findings enhance our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying anxiety in individuals with a history of childhood maltreatment.

The Benefits of Acute Exercise for Children's Cognition Are Associated with Trait Anxiety.

Children's anxiety is associated with decreased cognitive performance. One well-established behavioral intervention to transiently improve cognitive performance in children is acute aerobic exercise (AAE). Thus far, however, it is unclear whether the benefits of AAE on cognition vary based on individual differences in children's anxiety level. Therefore, we investigated whether trait anxiety levels mediate the effects of AAE on cognitive outcomes in preadolescent children. Ninety-five preadolescent children (9 to 11 yr, 41 females) underwent two experimental interventions in a random, crossover, and counterbalanced design: an exercise protocol (20 min of walking at 65% to 75% of HRpeak) and a nonexercise control (seated rest). Behavioral indices of cognitive performance (accuracy, reaction times, response time (RT) variability) were assessed before and after each intervention using a modified flanker task. The effects of each intervention on cognitive performance were calculated as pre- to postintervention differences (effect scores). These scores were first correlated with children's personal characteristics: anxiety (STAIC), sex, age, body mass index, intelligence quotient, and aerobic fitness. Significant correlations guided subsequent hierarchical regression models, which specifically tested for associations between the effects scores and anxiety levels while controlling for remaining relevant covariates. Regression analysis revealed that anxiety was a significant predictor of the effects that AAE and rest had on cognitive performance. Specifically, higher anxiety scores were associated with greater exercise-induced cognitive benefits (increased accuracy, decreased RT variability; all P < 0.05) and greater rest-induced cognitive impairments (decreased accuracy, increased RT variability; all P < 0.01). These findings suggest that children reporting higher trait anxiety might experience greater cognitive benefits from a single bout of AAE.

Consolidation of emotional memory during waking rest depends on trait anxiety

A short period of eyes-closed waking rest improves long-term memory for recently learned information, including declarative, spatial, and procedural memory. However, the effect of rest on emotional memory consolidation remains unknown. This preregistered study aimed to establish whether post-encoding rest affects emotional memory and how anxiety levels might modulate this effect. Participants completed a modified version of the dot-probe attention task that involved reacting to and encoding word stimuli appearing underneath emotionally negative or neutral photos. We tested the effect of waking rest on memory for these words and pictures by manipulating the state that participants entered just after this task (rest vs. active wake). Trait anxiety levels were measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and examined as a covariate. Waking rest improved emotional memory consolidation for individuals high in trait anxiety. These results suggest that the beneficial effect of waking rest on memory extends into the emotional memory domain but depends on individual characteristics such as anxiety.

Large environmental changes reduce valence-dependent belief updating

When updating beliefs, humans tend to integrate more desirable information than undesirable information. In stable environments (low uncertainty and high predictability), this asymmetry favors motivation towards action and perceived self-efficacy. However, in changing environments (high uncertainty and low predictability), this process can lead to risk underestimation and increase unwanted costs. Here, we examine how people (n = 388) integrate threatening information during an abrupt environmental change (mandatory quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic). Given that anxiety levels are associated with the magnitude of the updating belief asymmetry; we explore its relationship during this particular context. We report a significant reduction in asymmetrical belief updating during a large environmental change as individuals integrated desirable and undesirable information to the same extent. Moreover, this result was supported by computational modeling of the belief update task. However, we found that the reduction in asymmetrical belief updating was not homogeneous among people with different levels of Trait-anxiety. Individuals with higher levels of Trait-anxiety maintained a valence-dependent updating, as it occurs in stable environments. On the other hand, updating behavior was not associated with acute anxiety (State-Anxiety), health concerns (Health-Anxiety), or having positive expectations (Trait-Optimism). These results suggest that highly uncertain environments can generate adaptive changes in information integration. At the same time, it reveals the vulnerabilities of individuals with higher levels of anxiety to adapt the way they learn.

The Perceived Functions and Phenomenological Characteristics of Future Thinking and Clinically Significant Generalized Anxiety Disorder Symptoms.

Current research indicates that anxiety disorders and elevated levels of trait anxiety are associated with biases and impairments when thinking of personally relevant future events, that is, future thinking. However, to date, little research has been conducted into how people with symptoms of clinical anxiety perceive the functions of future thinking. The current study presents a cross-sectional survey comparing individuals with elevated symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and related functional impact (N = 51, 43.1% female, Mage = 33.1, SD = 10.2) matched on age and gender with individuals with no clinically significant symptoms of GAD (N = 51, 43.1% female, Mage = 33.3, SD = 10.1) on self-reported functions of future thinking and a battery of items assessing the phenomenological characteristics. The results indicated various significant differences in the perceived functions of future thinking and its phenomenological characteristics in those with elevated GAD symptoms. Broadly, they indicate more frequent future thinking and more commonly for self-distraction or processing negatively valenced future events, and generally less adaptive mental representations that support current thinking on the psychopathological process of increased worry, anxious arousal and maladaptive cognition in clinical anxiety symptoms.

Биологические механизмы тревожности: генетические ассоциации генов BDNF и AMPD1 с ситуативной и личностной тревожностью

&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;This article delves into the genetic underpinnings of anxiety, indicating that both state and trait anxiety have heritable components. However, there is no consensus on the degree of heritability, and much remains to be understood about the specific genetic variants involved and their mechanisms of action. The study explores the role of the &lt;em&gt;BDNF &lt;/em&gt;gene, which is involved in the synthesis and transportation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein, and the &lt;em&gt;AMPD1 &lt;/em&gt;gene, which facilitates the conversion of inosine monophosphate to adenosine monophosphate, the intracellular precursor for adenosine in the pathophysiology of anxiety. The methodology of this study involved a combination of genetic testing, psychological assessments, and statistical analysis. Participants were recruited from diverse demographic groups to ensure the findings were broadly applicable. DNA samples were collected for genetic testing, and participants completed the STAI questionnaire to measure their state and trait anxiety levels. The genetic data were analyzed to identify associations between variants in the &lt;em&gt;BDNF&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;AMPD1&lt;/em&gt; genes and levels of anxiety; specifically, the frequency of these variants in participants with high anxiety scores was compared to those with low anxiety scores. The study provided evidence of the association between &lt;em&gt;BDNF &lt;/em&gt;variants and levels of trait anxiety and &lt;em&gt;AMPD1 &lt;/em&gt;variants with levels of state anxiety, implicating different biological mechanisms underlying these components of anxiety.&lt;/p&gt;

Prospective Association of Psychological Distress and Sexual Quality of Life Among Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Survivors.

Sexual health concerns are one of the most common late effects facing hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) survivors. The current study tested whether self-reported depression and anxiety symptoms before transplant were associated with embedded items assessing two specific areas of sexual health-sexual interest and sexual satisfaction-one year post-HSCT. Of the 158 study participants, 41% were diagnosed with a plasma cell disorder (n = 60) and most received autologous transplantation (n = 128; 81%). At post-HSCT, 21% of participants reported they were not at all satisfied with their sex life, and 22% were not at all interested in sex. Greater pre-HSCT depressive symptomology was significantly predictive of lower sexual interest (β = -.27, p < .001) and satisfaction (β = -.39, p < .001) at post-HSCT. Similarly, greater pre-HSCT trait anxiety was significantly predictive of lower sexual interest (β = -.19, p = .02) whereas higher levels of state and trait anxiety were both predictive of lower satisfaction (β = -.22, p = .02 and β = -.29, p = .001, respectively). Participant sex significantly moderated the relationship between state anxiety and sexual satisfaction (b = -.05, t = -2.03, p = .04). Additional research examining the factors that contribute to sexual health post-HCST is needed to inform and implement clinical interventions to address these commonly overlooked survivorship concerns.

Association of performance in medical residency selection with a psychiatric diagnosis, and depressive and anxiety symptoms

Objective Few studies have focused on medical students and residents’ mental health impact on medical residency selection (MRS) performance. The authors evaluated the association of performance in MRS with depressive and anxiety symptoms and with a reported psychiatric diagnosis (rPD). Methods The authors enrolled candidates after the second round of MRS examinations at a Brazilian Medical School. Performance was assessed by final grade. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed by the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report (QIDS-SR) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The authors performed mediation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis to investigate the impact of rPD, state and trait anxiety, and depressive symptom severity on performance. Results 515 of the 643 MRS candidates (80.1%) participated in the study. Higher age, attending a preparatory course for MRS, rPD, and the number of MRS applications that year were associated with poorer performance. In mediation analysis, trait anxiety was associated with a direct effect on performance and an indirect effect mediated by rPD. Conclusion The data suggest that psychiatric diagnosis is associated with poorer performance on MRS, regardless of current symptoms of anxiety and depression. Additionally, increased levels of trait anxiety may negatively impact performance, directly and indirectly.

Anxiety characteristics in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: first vs. recurrent episodes

PurposeTo assess the difference in state and trait anxiety levels in patients with Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) at the first episode (FE) versus recurrent episodes (RE), before and after vestibular physiotherapy. A secondary objective was to assess the difference in the prevalence of underlying health conditions between FE and RE BPPV patients.MethodsFifty-five patients with BPPV, aged 40–70, were recruited. The diagnosis of BPPV was confirmed based on subjective complaints of vertigo and positive results from the Dix–Hallpike and Supine Roll tests. Twenty-four patients were in their FE, and 31 had RE. All patients completed the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) questionnaire three times; before, immediately after, and a week after vestibular physiotherapy treatment.ResultsThe RE group demonstrated higher trait anxiety than the FE group in all testing points: before treatment (median value of 38 versus 29, p-value = 0.02), immediately after treatment (median value of 36 versus 28, p-value < 0.01) and a week later (median value of 38 versus 28, p-value < 0.01). State anxiety decreased immediately after treatment in both groups, but at the second session, it was significantly higher in the RE than in the FE group (median value of 38 versus 28.5, p-value = 0.03). Hypothyroidism was significantly more frequent in the RE group (RE 16%, FE 0%, p-value = 0.04).ConclusionsBased on the current study’s findings, we recommend assessing anxiety levels in patients with recurrent BPPV and consider referring them for appropriate treatment when necessary.

The change of state-trait anxiety among patients undergoing orthognathic surgery: A longitudinal study

This study aimed to assess state-trait anxiety level changes in Chinese patients with dentofacial discrepancies before and after orthognathic surgery and to explore the feasibility of developing a reference index for the preoperative screening of postoperative patients with high anxiety. A total of 96 Chinese patients with dentofacial discrepancies who underwent orthognathic surgery were included in this study. Data were collected before orthognathic surgery and at 2 weeks (T2), 3 months, and 6 months (T4) after surgery using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Receiver operating characteristic and linear regression analyses were performed to screen for preoperative indicators of postoperative high-state anxiety. State-trait anxiety levels in patients with dentofacial discrepancies decreased after surgery (F= 18.95, P<0.01; F= 6.90, P<0.01). Trait Anxiety Inventory can be used to screen patients with high-state anxiety from T2 to T4 (area under cover 95% confidence interval: T2, 0.74 [0.62-0.86]; 3 months, 0.79 [0.69-0.90]; T4, 0.77 [0.66-0.87], P<0.01), corresponding to cutoff values of 48.5, 46.5, and 45.5, respectively. All participants' state-trait anxiety levels improved after surgery compared with their preoperative levels. Preoperative trait anxiety levels can be used as a reference indicator to screen patients who may have high-state anxiety levels after orthognathic surgery. The creation of a screening scale will assist health care professionals to more pertinently help patients with high anxiety.

The effects of trait and state anxiety on gait in healthy young adults.

Stable, personality-based (trait), and fluctuating, situational (state) anxiety have both been shown to consume attentional resources and reduce functional cognitive capacity, which may play a role in gait control. However, the role of attention in the relationship between trait and state anxiety has not yet been investigated formally. This study used a virtual reality-threat environment to evaluate whether changes in attention mediate the effects of state and trait anxiety on gait. Thirty adults aged 19-28 completed five walking trials in four conditions: (i) low threat-walking across a virtual plank (0.5m wide) on flat ground; (ii) low threat + dual task (auditory digit monitoring); (iii) high threat-walking across a virtual plank elevated above a deep pit; and (iv) high threat + dual task. Trait anxiety levels were determined by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, while state anxiety was captured using self-assessment manikins. Higher trait anxiety predicted slower gait velocity and longer time in double support in the high-threat condition compared to low-threat condition (i vs iii), but not when dual tasking, compared to single-task walking, in the absence of threat (ii vs i). Additionally, higher trait anxiety predicted increased step length variability in the high compared to low-threat dual-task condition. Overall, trait anxiety predicts a slower, more cautious gait pattern during threatening conditions while dual tasking during the threat.

Global-brain functional connectivity related with trait anxiety and its association with neurotransmitters and gene expression profiles

BackgroundNumerous studies have explored the neural correlates of trait anxiety, a predisposing factor for several stress-related disorders. However, the findings from previous studies are inconsistent, which might be due to the limited regions of interest (ROI). A recent approach, named global-brain functional connectivity (GBC), has been demonstrated to address the shortcomings of ROI-based analysis. Furthermore, research on the transcriptome–connectome association has provided an approach to link the microlevel transcriptome profile with the macroscale brain network. In this paper, we aim to explore the neurobiology of trait anxiety with an imaging transcriptomic approach using GBC, biological neurotransmitters, and transcriptome profiles. MethodsUsing a sample of resting-state fMRI data, we investigated trait anxiety-related alteration in GBC. We further used behavioral analysis, spatial correlation analysis, and postmortem gene expression to separately assess the cognitive functions, neurotransmitters, and transcriptional profiles related to alteration in GBC in individuals with trait anxiety. ResultsGBC values in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and the precuneus were negatively correlated with levels of trait anxiety. This alteration was correlated with behavioral terms including social cognition, emotion, and memory. A strong association was revealed between trait anxiety-related alteration in GBC and neurotransmitters, including dopaminergic, serotonergic, GABAergic, and glutamatergic systems in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and the precuneus. The transcriptional profiles explained the functional connectivity, with correlated genes enriched in transmembrane signaling. LimitationsSeveral limitations should be taken into account in this research. For example, future research should consider using some different approaches based on dynamic or task-based FC analysis, include more neurotransmitter receptors, additional gene expression data from different samples or more genes related to other stress-related disorders. Meanwhile, it is of great significance to include a larger sample size of individuals with a diagnosis of MDD or other disorders for analysis and comparison and apply stricter multiple-comparison correction and threshold settings in future research. ConclusionsOur research employed multimodal data to investigate GBC in the context of trait anxiety and to establish its associations with neurotransmitters and transcriptome profiles. This approach may improve understanding of the neural mechanism, together with the biological and molecular genetic foundations of GBC in trait anxiety.

Features of Mental Disorders in Right- and Left-Hemisphere Localization of Stroke on the Background of Motor Rehabilitation: Comparative Study

INTRODUCTION. In post-stroke patients have a high incidence of cognitive and emotional pathology, it is very important to take into account the particular features of mental state in order to achieve significant results of rehabilitation. The data on brain asymmetry indicate a certain lateralization of some mental functions (speech, emotional and cognitive functions).&#x0D; AIM. To study cognitive, emotional disorders and quality of life in patients with ischemic stroke depending on the localization of the lesion in the right or left cerebral hemisphere and their dynamics on the background of motor rehabilitation.&#x0D; MATERIALS AND METHODS. 39 patients with localization of an ischemic focus in the middle cerebral artery territory (group 1 (n = 19) — right hemisphere, and group 2 (n = 20) — left hemisphere) in the recovery period after an ischemic stroke, underwent an inpatient course of motor rehabilitation. Conditions of the patients were assessed at the beginning and at the end of hospitalization using the 6-point muscular strength scale, the modified Ashfort scale, a TUG test, the FIM and Berg balance scales, MMSE, MoCA, the Schulte Table methods, he Beck Depression Inventory, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Spielberger-Khanin) and the Quality of Life at stroke.&#x0D; RESULTS. Attention disorders were found in patients of groups 1 and 2 in 84.6 and 75 %, respectively. Emotional disorders were diagnosed in almost half of post-stroke patients, anxiety disorders prevailed over depressive ones. In group 2 patients scoring ≤ 23 points on the MMSE were found 5 times more frequently. In group 1 depression was 4 times more frequent. However, the obtained intergroup differences were not statistically significant. At the end of the rehabilitation, both groups demonstrated a significant decrease in the level of trait anxiety, and in group 1 an increase in the attentional stability.&#x0D; DISCUSSION. The observed prevalence of more severe cognitive impairments in the LMCA group and emotional impairments in the RMCA group are consistent with the data on brain asymmetry.&#x0D; CONCLUSION. Motor rehabilitation has a positive effect on the emotional state of patients after a stroke, and insignificantly on their cognitive functions, which, along with a high incidence of cognitive impairments, necessitates consideration of the transition from motor to cognitive-motor rehabilitation in order to improve the effectiveness of the treatment.

Anxiety and sportsmanship in adolescent athletes: the multiple mediating effects of athlete burnout and exercise cognition

ABSTRACT Sportsmanship is a core characteristic of competitive sports. To determine the factors related to sportsmanship and explore effective strategies to maintain sportsmanship in adolescent athletes, the present study examined the relationship between anxiety and sportsmanship in adolescent athletes and evaluated the potential mediating roles of athlete burnout and exercise cognition. In this study, 1,544 adolescent athletes (852 boys and 692 girls) with an average age of 14.43 years (SD = 1.92) were enrolled. The analyses showed that there was a significant correlation between state anxiety, trait anxiety, athlete burnout, exercise cognition, and sportsmanship. Additionally, state and trait anxiety were associated with lower levels of sportsmanship, and athlete burnout and exercise cognition played multiple mediating roles in the relationship between anxiety and sportsmanship. These findings suggest that anxiety is a plausible explanation for sportsmanship. Adolescent athletes with high levels of trait or state anxiety are more likely to experience athlete burnout, have poorer levels of exercise cognition, and display less sportsmanship.

Worriers of the Pandemic: How People with Mental Disorders Cope with COVID-19 Restrictions

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the level of anxiety as well as the attitude toward disease and mitigation strategies in people with non-psychotic mental disorders and healthy controls. Methods: A case-control study (1:4) was conducted during a self-isolation regimen in Moscow. Cases were adult patients with NPMD admitted to the Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry. Sex and age-matched controls (individuals who have never sought psychiatric help) were selected from a cohort of 7498 Moscow residents who participated in a large cross-sectional survey delivered via social networks and popular Russian web platforms. Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney U test, and General linear modelling were used as statistic methods. Results: In the univariate analysis, patients with NPMD had a lower level of education and were less likely to be married. The level of the trait but not state anxiety was higher in people with NPMD. People with mental disorders were significantly more often concerned about the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their lives, were more likely to be confident that they would contract the coronavirus and their disease would be severe, showed suboptimal adherence to mitigation strategies, were dissatisfied with the amount of information they received about the COVID-19 disease, and were more concerned about becoming a victim of domestic violence. Marital status, education, use of information resources, dissatisfaction with information about COVID-19, use of public transport, paying attention to the need of others and domestic violence assessment remained significant in the general linear model. All the factors included in the multivariate model accounted for 36.4% of the variance. Conclusion: People with NPMD have a higher level of trait anxiety and are prompted to develop a constellation of maladaptive beliefs toward a pandemic. These beliefs, along with the lack of reliable information on coronavirus infection, can lead to misunderstanding and disregard of sanitary and self-isolation recommendations. Educational programs and vaccination campaigns should be sensitive to these features of people with NPMD.

A Short Form for Measuring Anxiety in Nursing Education.

Background and Purpose: Nursing education lacks an easily accessible, valid, and reliable short instrument to support researchers and instructors in quickly assessing student anxiety. The purpose of this research was to respond to this need by assessing the reliability and validity of a short-form anxiety instrument adapted from psychology which could measure state and trait anxiety. Methods: Using a one-group, repeated measures design, 51 sophomore level undergraduate nursing students had their state and trait anxiety levels measured at three time points over the course of a semester. Results: Results showed that the anxiety instrument was valid and reliable for use in nursing education with coefficient α ranging from .65 to .88. Conclusion: Future nurse researchers and educators should consider using the short-form anxiety instrument when a quick differentiation is needed to measure state and trait anxiety.

Worse Depression Profiles Are Associated With Higher Symptom Burden and Poorer Quality of Life in Patients With Gynecologic Cancer.

Depression is a pervasive symptom in patients with gynecological cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Purposes were to identify subgroups of patients with distinct depression profiles and evaluate for differences in demographic and clinical characteristics, severity of common symptoms, and quality of life (QOL) outcomes among these subgroups. Patients with gynecological cancer (n = 231) completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale 6 times over 2 cycles of chemotherapy. All of the other measures were completed prior to the second or third cycle of chemotherapy. Latent profile analysis was done to identify the distinct depression profiles. Differences were evaluated using parametric and nonparametric tests. Three distinct profiles were identified: low (60.1%), high (35.1%), and very high (4.8%). Compared with low class, the other 2 classes had lower functional status and were more likely to self-report a diagnosis of depression. Patients in the 2 worse profiles reported a higher comorbidity burden, higher levels of trait and state anxiety, sleep disturbance, and fatigue, as well as lower levels of cognitive function and poorer QOL. State and trait anxiety, evening fatigue, and sleep disturbance scores exhibit a "dose-response effect" (ie, as the depression profile worsened, the severity of these symptoms increased). Almost 40% of our sample experienced high or very high levels of depression across 2 cycles of chemotherapy. Clinicians can use the identified risk factors to identify high patients risk and provide tailored psychological interventions aimed to decrease symptom burden and prevent decrements in QOL.