Total Oxidant Status Levels Research Articles

Serum Oxidative Status in People with Obesity: Relation to Tissue Losses, Glucose Levels, and Weight Reduction.

This work aims to study the effect of reductions in various body mass components on the oxidative, glycemic, and lipid parameters of people with obesity (PWO). A total of 53 PWO underwent a six-month individualized low-calorie diet combined with moderate exercise, during which anthropometric, biochemical, and oxidative parameters were measured. Probands were divided into groups based on weight, visceral fat area (VFA), total body water (TBW), and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) losses. Weight reduction normalizes glycemia, but VFA reduction is less pronounced, while SMM and TBW reductions are more pronounced in patients with higher initial concentrations of glucose and fructosamine. Moreover, changes in oxidative parameters correlate with changes in glucose. Weight loss, regardless of the reduced tissue, decreases cardiovascular risk. We observed a significant change in almost all parameters related to the redox state. In general, parameters responsible for antioxidant action improved, and markers of oxidative damage decreased. Malondialdehyde, lipid peroxides, and total oxidative status levels can be considered biomarkers reflecting only the current severity of reactive oxygen species genesis processes. When considering the glycemic state, the results are not as clear due to the substantial differences between normoglycemic and hyperglycemic patients. Glycemic status is a factor playing a crucial role in weight reduction.

Neuroprotective Potential of Isoquinoline Alkaloids from Glaucium grandiflorum Boiss. and A. Huet subsp. refractum (Nábelek) Mory: Role of NRF2-KEAP1 Pathway

The extracts of Glaucium grandiflorum have been used to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Nonetheless, no former study has investigated whether the alkaloid extracts of G. grandiflorum have antioxidative effects against oxidative stress. The aim of the present study was to determine the antioxidative effects of the alkaloid extracts of G. grandiflorum with a variety of targets and probable mechanisms. First, we used spectrophotometry to investigate alkaloid extracts with respect to their alkaloid amounts. Then, we determined the alkaloid extracts’ impact on thiol/disulfide homeostasis, total oxidant status/total antioxidant status/oxidative stress index, and antioxidant enzyme activities. Finally, the effects of alkaloid extracts on the genes in the NRF2-KEAP1 pathway were determined via qRT-PCR. We conducted molecular docking analyses to determine the potential binding of isoquinoline alkaloids found within the alkaloid extracts with target proteins. We observed the best results from chloroform alkaloid extract and methanol alkaloid extract. Chloroform alkaloid extract was prominent in DPPH radical scavenging and metal ions chelating, and methanol alkaloid extract showed significant hydroxyl radical scavenging, lipid peroxidation, and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity. Alkaloid extract groups substantially increased in total thiol activity, native thiol activity, disulfide activity, total antioxidant status level, antioxidant enzyme levels, and gene expression levels (GCLC, HO-1, NRF2, and NQO1) compared to the H2O2 group. Also, alkaloid extract groups led to a significant drop in total oxidant status level, oxidative stress index level, and KEAP1 gene expression level relative to the H2O2 group. According to our study results, oxidative stress brought about by H2O2 was regulated by alkaloid extracts. As a result, a phytochemical-based therapeutic that regulates H2O2-induced oxidative stress was brought to the neurochemical field.

Effects of Vitamin D on Asprosin Immunoreactivity Against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Liver Injury in Rats.

Background Cyclophosphamide (CP), commonly used as an anticarcinogenic drug, has the potential to induce detrimental effects on multiple tissues, including the liver. Asprosin, which is a glucogenic adipokine, induces the liver to secrete glucose, thus contributing to the maintenance of homeostasis. This study aims to investigate the immunoreactivity of asprosin in the liver tissue of rats exposed to CP administration, as well as the changes in its levels due to the supplementation of Vitamin D (Vit D). Materials and methods Four experimental groups were formed, including control, Vit D (200 IU/kg), CP (200 mg/kg), and Vit D+ CP. Histopathological analysis was carried out by employing staining methods on liver tissues. These techniques encompassed the application of hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), Masson's trichrome, and periodic acid Schiff (PAS). Through the application of spectrophotometric methods,concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and asprosin were determined. Furthermore, apoptotic cells were identified by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method, and the asprosin immunoreactivity was determined by immunohistochemistry. Results Under light microscope examination, the histopathological damage was found to be more notable in the CP group compared to the control group. Moreover, a decrease was observed in serum and tissue asprosin levels, while an increase was noted in the count of apoptotic cells, along with elevated MDA and TOS levels. However, in the CP+Vit D group, Vit D administration alleviated histopathological damage. Notably, there were significant increases in TAS and asprosin levels, accompanied by reductions in both MDA and TOS levels. Conclusions The effect of CP on liver tissue was observed to result in damage and a reduction in asprosin levels. Vit D supplementation revealed elevated asprosin levels and a distinct protective effect on the tissue. Considering the association between asprosin and liver injury induced by CP, further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms that underlie the effect of asprosin on tissues. When combined with VitD, asprosin holds promise for potential clinical applications as a therapeutic target.

Effect of mode of delivery on neonatal oxidative stress and dynamic thiol-disulfide homeostasis.

To evaluate the effect of the mode of delivery on neonatal oxidative stress and dynamic thiol-disulfide homeostasis. Sixty women who were followed up in the Obstetrics and Gynecology clinic were included in this prospective study. Cord blood samples were obtained from women who underwent cesarean section (CS) and vaginal delivery (VD). Total oxidant status and total antioxidant status levels were measured by spectrophotometry. The dynamic thiol-disulfide balance was determined by colorimetry. The total antioxidant status and oxidative stress index levels were higher and total oxidant status levels were lower in the VD group compared with the CS group. Native and total thiol levels were higher while disulfide levels were lower in the VD compared with the CS delivery group, while disulfide levels were higher in the CS group. These results indicate that disulfide formation leads to decreased antioxidant capacity in women undergoing CS. Monitoring of dynamic thiol-disulfide levels may thus provide clinicians with important information on the oxidative stress status in newborns.

Cytotoxic activity of TRPV4 antagonist RN-1734 in G-361 human melanoma cancer cell line

Purpose: Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) signaling plays a role in many cellular events, such as cell proliferation and differentiation, gene transcription, oxidative stress, the antioxidant system, and apoptosis. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channels are non-selective cation (Ca2+) channels. The present study aims to investigate the cytotoxic activity of RN-1734, a transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) antagonist, in the G361 human melanoma cancer cell line. 
 Materials and Methods: The effects of RN-1734 on G361 cell viability at concentrations of 1, 5, 25, 50, and 100 μM were measured using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-il)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. Total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) levels were determined using a ready-made commercial kit, after which oxidative stress index (OSI) values were calculated. To determine the apoptotic effects of RN-1734, Bcl-2, Bax, and p53 expression levels, caspase-3 and -8 activities were examined via quantitative real-time PCR analysis. 
 Results: G361 cell viability significantly decreased to 82.72, 72.81, 56.36, 39.16 and 18.96% in RN-1734 groups (1, 5, 25, 50 and 100 μM) compared to the control group (100.00%). At IC50 concentration (39.48 μM), RN-1734 application (3.35 mmol/g prot.-TAS, 45.87 μmol/g prot.-TOS, and 1501.97 AU-OSI) increased the TAS level (2.17 mmol/g prot.) and decreased the TOS level (55.41 μmol/g prot.) and OSI value (3142.76 AU) compared to the control group. 
 Conclusion: Our findings show that RN-1734 may be a novel therapeutic approach to treating melanoma by decreasing the cell viability of G361 human melanoma cancer cells.

IRBESARTAN REDUCES LIVER DAMAGE INDUCED BY LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE VIA INHIBITION OF TOTAL OXIDANT STATUS, INTERLEUKIN-1B AND CASPASE-3 LEVELS

Objective
 In septic conditions, hyperinflammatory response
 and hepatotoxicity are caused by oxidative stress,
 inflammation, and apoptosis. Irbesartan (IB), an
 adrenergic receptor blocker, has anti-inflammatory and
 antioxidant properties. This study aimed to investigate
 the protective effect of IB on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-
 induced acute hepatotoxicity.
 Material and Method
 A total of eight rats were used in three groups; a control
 group; LPS group [5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (IP)];
 and LPS + IB group [5 mg/kg LPS (IP) + 50 mg/kg IB
 (orally)]. After sacrification, tissues from the liver and
 blood were obtained for immunohistochemical and
 biochemical evaluations, such as interleukin-1 beta
 (IL-1β), caspase-3 (Cas-3) alanine aminotransferase
 (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), oxidative
 stress index (OSI), total oxidant status (TOS), and
 total antioxidant status (TAS).
 Results
 Compared with the control group, increased AST
 and ALT levels in the blood, biochemically increased
 TOS and OSI and decreased TAS levels in the
 tissue, immunohistochemically increased IL-1β, Cas-
 3, detected. Also, in liver tissue, histopathologically
 hyperemia, hemorrhage, vacuolization, and
 significant neutrophilia infiltration were found in the
 LPS group. IB administration significantly reversed
 all these parameters. TAS levels were increased
 by IB administration, whereas TOS and OSI levels
 were decreased (p = 0.001). IB also decreased
 AST and ALT values (p = 0.001). In the IB group,
 Cas-3 and IL-1β levels were significantly decreased
 by IB administration (p = 0.001). In addition, the
 IB ameliorated histopathological findings showed
 enhanced hyperaemia, haemorrhages, vacuolisation
 and significant neutrophilic leukocyte infiltration
 (p = 0.001). IB treatment attenuated LPS-induced
 hepatotoxicity by its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and
 antiapoptotic properties.
 Conclusion
 Attenuating liver injury and restoring liver function lowers
 morbidity and mortality rates in patients with sepsis.
 IB protects liver tissue from hepatotoxicity caused by
 LPS thanks to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and
 anti-apoptotic properties. Further investigation of the
 liver’s role in sepsis may lead to the development of
 new therapeutic targets and strategies. IB may be
 an alternative therapeutic agent for the prevention of
 acute hepatotoxicity during sepsis.

Redox Status and Telomere-Telomerase System Biomarkers in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Using a Principal Component Analysis: Is There a Link?

In the present study, we examined redox status parameters in arterial and venous blood samples, its potential to predict the prognosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients assessed through its impact on the comprehensive grading SYNTAX score, and its clinical accuracy. Potential connections between common blood biomarkers, biomarkers of redox status, leukocyte telomere length, and telomerase enzyme activity in the acute myocardial infarction burden were assessed using principal component analysis (PCA). This study included 92 patients with acute myocardial infarction. Significantly higher levels of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), superoxide anion (O2•-), ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), and significantly lower levels of total oxidant status (TOS) and total protein sulfhydryl (SH-) groups were found in arterial blood than in the peripheral venous blood samples, while biomarkers of the telomere-telomerase system did not show statistical significance in the two compared sample types (p = 0.834 and p = 0.419). To better understand the effect of the examined biomarkers in the AMI patients on SYNTAX score, those biomarkers were grouped using PCA, which merged them into the four the most contributing factors. The "cholesterol-protein factor" and "oxidative-telomere factor" were independent predictors of higher SYNTAX score (OR = 0.338, p = 0.008 and OR = 0.427, p = 0.035, respectively), while the ability to discriminate STEMI from non-STEMI patients had only the "oxidative-telomere factor" (AUC = 0.860, p = 0.008). The results show that traditional cardiovascular risk factors, i.e., high total cholesterol together with high total serum proteins and haemoglobin, are associated with severe disease progression in much the same way as a combination of redox biomarkers (pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance, total antioxidant status, IMA) and telomere length.

Oxidative stress may be a contributing factor in fibromyalgia patients' pain mechanisms.

The pathophysiology of fibromyalgia (FM), a continuously painful syndrome with no known origin, has been related to mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Recent studies have shown that FM may be associated with an oxidative balance disorder. The objective of this study was to measure the levels of oxidative stress in FM patients and try to understand the association between FM and free radicals. This study was performed on 100 volunteers admitted to the University of Health Sciences, Sultan 2, Abdulhamid Han Health Application and Research Center Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Clinic, including 50 healthy controls and 50 patients with FM. To analyze oxidative stress biomarkers, total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels were measured. Total thiol (TT) and native thiol (NT) concentrations were measured to determine the relationship between thiol groups. Disulfide (DIS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) were calculated with mathematical formulas. While TOS and OSI levels were statistically higher in FM patients, TAS levels were significantly lower compared to the healthy control group (p<0.001). In comparison to the healthy control group, FM patients had considerably decreased TT and NT levels. DIS levels were significantly higher in FM patients than in controls (p<0.001). Reactive oxygen species have several negative impacts on the human body. As a result of the measurements we analyzed, the relationship between FM and oxidative stress should be studied in terms of disease progression and may help improve the treatment process.

Preventive effects of Capparis Spinose extract on experimental periodontitis in rats: a histopathological and biochemical study.

This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of Capparis Spinose (CS) in preventing the initiation and progression of experimental periodontitis and to evaluate the effect of its on systemic oxidative stress in rats by experimental periodontitis model. Twenty-four male rats were equally divided into; Ligatured (L), non-ligatured (NL), and Ligatured with CS (11 days/day per 20 mg/kg) (LC) groups. Experimental periodontitis was induced with the silk suture technic. Alveolar bone loss was examined, and total antioxidant capacity(TAOC), total oxidant status(TOS), and oxidative stress index(OSI) were analyzed in rat serum. Although; alveolar bone loss showed statistically significant lower values in the LC group compared to L (p < 0.05), not NL. In the LC group, osteoclast and osteoblast numbers were statistically significant compared to L, but there were no statistical differences between LC and NL. Serum TAOC levels were significantly lower in group L compared to others and also LC group showed significant differences from NL. TOS and OSI levels were significantly higher in group L than in other groups. Within the limitation of the present study, it can be said that the destruction via local inflammation that may occur after the experimental periodontitis can be prevented by using CS.

Investigating the relationship between COVID-19 and total oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity in individuals

Free oxygen radicals are effective in the development and progression of viral infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of oxidative stress in individuals who have been diagnosed with COVID-19, a viral disease nowadays. The study was carried out between March 2021 and June 2021. Blood samples of 50 patients who applied to Medipol University Faculty of Medicine with suspected COVID-19 infection, whose clinical and molecular diagnoses were corrected and were taken for routine evaluations, were included in this study. In the healthy group, 50 serum samples taken before the COVID-19 pandemic were used. Total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) levels were measured, and the data collected were then statistically compared. The TAS level in the COVID-19 group (1.470±0.269) was lower than the healthy group TAS level (1.491±0.286), but it was not statistically significant (p&gt;0.05). The TOS level in COVID-19 group was 13.962 (3.02±36.35) while it was low as 7.925 (1.19±15.03) in the healthy group. The high TOS value in the COVID-19 group was found to be statistically significant compared to the healthy group (p

Serum pentraxin 3 levels in cats with feline parvovirus infection

Feline parvovirus (FPV) infection continues to be a serious problem in cats and therefore studies are ongoing to investigate all aspects of the disease. This study was designed to determine the levels of PTX-3 in cats with feline panleukopenia (FPL). Blood samples were taken from 12 cats of different breeds and gender with complaints of weakness, listlessness, anorexia, diarrhoea, vomiting and FPV positive on examination and from 7 cats found healthy on physical and laboratory examination. Whole blood, biochemical parameters, total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSi), serum amyloid A (SAA), C-reactive protein (CRP) and pentraxin-3 (PTX-3) concentrations were determined in both sick and healthy cats. The results showed that there was marked panleukopenia and serum PTX-3 (58.69 pg/mL), SAA (59.91 µg/mL), TOS (14.35 μmol H2O2 Eq/L) and OSi (1.17 arbitrary unit) levels were significantly higher in cats diagnosed with FPL compared to healthy subjects. In conclusion, serum PTX- levels were measured for the first time in cats naturally infected with FPV and found to be elevated. Further clinical studies with large numbers of infected cats are needed to clarify these findings and to use PTX-3 as a reliable biomarker in FPV-infected cats.

Assessment of the Serum Ischemia Modified Albumin Level and Its Relation to Total Oxidant Status and Disease Activity in Vitiligo Patients

Abstract Background Vitiligo is an acquired depigmentary skin disorder characterized by loss of functioning epidermal melanocytes. Oxidative stress has been suggested to be the initial pathogenic event in melanocyte degeneration. Total oxidant status (TOS) had been reflect the global status of oxidative stress in serum. While, albumin acts as a buffering agent for toxic molecules within the circulation. It undergoes structural changes when exposed to ischemia or oxidative stress and ischemia modified albumin IMA are produced under these conditions with high levels. Hence it considered as a marker of oxidative stress in different clinical conditions. Aim of the Work The aim of this work was to evaluate the serum level of ischemia modified albumin in vitiligo patients and its relation to total oxidant status and disease activity. Patients and Methods This is a cross sectional study. Forty-eight patients with vitiligo were included in this study. Twenty-four were considered active cases while the other 24 were non-active vitiligo patients. The study also included 48 age-and sex-matched healthy adults as a control group. Five ml of venous blood were withdrawn from each patient and control subjects. The vitiligo activity and tensity were assessed by VIDA and VETI scores respectively. Serum IMA and TOS had been assist by ELISA kits. Results Our study found a significant increase in serum total oxidant status (TOS) and serum ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) levels in vitiligo patients compared to controls. We also found a positive correlation between TOS levels and IMA levels and vitiligo disease activity represented by VIDA score. Conclusion The total oxidant status (TOS) and IMA levels were increased in vitiligo patients' sera and positively correlated to disease activity. To the best of our knowledge, we were the first to detect the significantly positive correlation between serum IMA and vitiligo disease activity.

Assessment of the Serum Paraoxonase1 Level and Its Relation to Total Oxidant Status and Disease Activity in Vitiligo Patients

Abstract Background Vitiligo is characterized by white macules and patches, whose size increases over time, due to the loss of melanocytes.It can appear at any time, and it significantly impairs the patients’ quality-of-life. Vitiligo is a multifactorial disorder due to genetic and environmental factors. One of the important hypotheses in the pathogenesis of vitiligo is the oxidative stress hypothesis, which is based on the reality of the formation of some toxic metabolites throughout pigment biosynthesis. Human paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is a Ca2+ dependent esterase synthesized in the liver. Reduced serum PON1 activity has been reported to be associated with some diseases under oxidative stress and inflammation conditions. Aim of the Work The aim of the work was to evaluate the serum level of paraoxonase1 in patients with vitiligo and its relation to total oxidant status and disease activity in vitiligous patients. Patients and Methods This is a case control study which included 48 vitiligo patients and 48 ageand sex-matched controls. The patients recruited from the Outpatient Dermatology Clinic at Ain Shams University Hospitals during the period from August 2020 till March 2021. Serum level of paraoxonase1 (PON1) and total oxidant status (TOS) where assessed by ELISA technique. Results We observed a statistically significant higher oxidative stress reflected by the high serum TOS levels among the vitiligo compared to controls. This finding supports the aforementioned hypothesis and it also came in accordance with the observations of high oxidative stress state in vitiligo patients which was repeatedly reported in many studies. Furthermore, we also reported the significant inverse relation between PON1 levels and the oxidative stress reflected by the serum TOS levels in vitiligo patients. This reflected the reduced protective antioxidant mechanisms in vitiligo patient making them more vulnerable to oxidative stress Conclusion Oxidative stress may play an important role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. The finding of a PON1 decrease in vitiligo patients emphasises the underlying hypothesis in the progression of the disease, and it can highlight the effect of free radicals and leading oxidative damage in vitiligo disease. However, further, larger studies are necessary to confirm our results.

Assessment of the Serum High-Mobility Group Box 1 Level in Vitiligo Patients in Comparison to Healthy Subjects and Its Relation to Total Oxidant Status and Disease Activity

Abstract Background Vitiligo is an acquired pigmentary disorder of unknown etiology, affecting approximately 1% of the world population, without predilection for race or sex. It is characterized by white macules and patches, whose size increases over time, due to the loss of melanocytes. Aim of Work The aim of work was to evaluate the serum level of high-mobility group box 1 in vitiligo patients and its relation to total oxidant status levels and disease activity. Subjects and methods This is a cross-sectional study which was carried out on 48 patients diagnosed as having vitiligo (24 active patients and 24 and non active) and 48 health controls for 6 months duration. All patients were selected from the dermatology outpatient clinic of vitiligo, Ain-Shams University Hospitals. Results The serum levels of HMGB1 among patients and controls revealed that patients had a statistically high significant levels of HMGB1 (p value 0.001), HMGB1 serum levels in vitiligo patients were significantly positively correlated to TOS serum levels and VIDA score (p value 0.001), between active and non-active group, there was a highly statistical significant difference between the two groups regarding serum level of HMGB1, as the serum HMGB1 levels were much higher in active compared to non-active patients (p value 0.001). Conclusion HMGB1 is a crucial damage associated molecular pattern molecule that links oxidative stresses to the formation of autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. HMGB1 is a crucial inflammatory factor involved in the progression of vitiligo. Serum HMGB1 level is a promising biomarker for monitoring disease activity in patients with vitiligo. HMGB1 may be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of vitiligo.

Thiol/disulfide homeostasis as a new oxidative stress marker in patients with Fabry disease.

This is the first study to show both dynamic thiol-disulfide balance and oxidative stress levels in patients with Fabry disease (FD). This prospective study consists of 30 FD patients and 30 healthy controls. Thiol and disulfide values of the study groups were evaluated using a new, cost-effective and fully automatic colorimetric method. A total of 60 subjects were included in the study. A statistically significant difference was found between the patient and control groups for native and total thiol levels (p < 0.001). In addition, disulfide levels were significantly higher in FD patients compared with the control group (p < 0.003). Native thiol levels showed significantly negative correlation with lysosomal globotriaosylceramide, total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels. In addition, a positive correlation was found between disulfide/natural thiol and disulfide/total thiol ratios and TOS, OSI, and blood urea nitrogen. We found total antioxidant status levels were lower in the patient group compared to the control group, while TOS and OSI levels were higher and were statistically significant. This study highlights for the first time a novel, cost-effective and fully automated measurement of thiol-disulfide levels in patients with FD. Determination of thiol levels can make important contributions to understand the etiopathogenesis and follow-up of the disease in FD patients.

The anticancer effects of thymol on HepG2 cell line.

There is an increasing incidence of liver cancer, which is a hazard for global health. The present study was designed to evaluate possible cytotoxic, genotoxic, apoptotic, oxidant and antioxidant effects of thymol on hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell line. The cytotoxic effect of thymol on HepG2 cell line was determined by XTT test. We also used the HUVEC cell line to show whether thymol damages healthy cells. Oxidative stress level was determined with Total Oxidant Status (TOS) and Total Antioxidant Status (TAS) measurement kits. Apoptosis of cells was detected in flow cytometry with Annexin V apoptosis kit. Apoptotic gene expressions were analyzed by real-time PCR. Genotoxicity was determined by comet assay, which measures DNA damage. The thymol IC50 dose was found to be 11μM on HepG2 cell line. This dose had no lethal effect on the healthy HUVEC cell line. While thymol significantly decreased the TOS level, it increased the TAS level significantly in HepG2 cells compared to control. Thymol significantly induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells (apoptosis rate in control group 1%, in thymol group 21%). Thymol did not alter the gene expressions of bax, bcl-2, and casp3, all of which are associated with apoptosis. Statistically significant change in favor of genotoxicity was observed in tail length measurements. Our results suggest that thymol decreases oxidative stress in HepG2 cell line, but it induces apoptosis and genotoxicity.

The effect of alpha-lipoic acid on oxidative parameters, SCUBE-1 and SCUBE-2 in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in cholestatic rats.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the protective effects of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) on the liver, oxidative parameters, and signal peptide-CUB-epidermal growth factor-like domain-containing proteins 1 and 2 (SCUBE-1 and -2) in an experimental cholestatic hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (IR) model. Twenty-four female rats were included in the study and divided into four groups of six rats each. Group 1 was the control group, in which only laparotomy was performed; Group 2 underwent laparotomy and received alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) on a daily basis; bile duct ligation was performed in Group 3; bile duct ligation was performed, and ALA was administered to Group 4. All rats underwent relaparotomy on the seventh day, followed by 30 minutes of hepatic ischemia and 60 minutes of reperfusion in Groups 3 and 4. Liver tissue and blood samples were taken for histopathological and biochemical examinations. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), albumin, ischemia modified albumin (IMA), SCUBE-1, SCUBE-2, total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) levels were also examined. The SCUBE-1 and SCUBE-2 values in Group 4 were lower than in Group 3, but no significant difference was observed between all the groups. The AST, TBIL, and DBIL levels were significantly higher in Groups 3 and 4 than in Groups 1 and 2 (p<0.0001). Although TOS was the highest in Group 3, the measurements were similar across the groups (p=0.464). IMA and TAS were similar between Groups 3 and 4 but significantly higher in these groups than in Groups 1 and 2 (p=0.001). The hepatic injury observed in Groups 3 and 4 was significantly higher than that observed in Groups 1 and 2 (p<0.0001). In the histopathological examination, neutrophilic infiltration and bile duct proliferation were less commonly detected in the portal areas in Group 4 than in Group 3, and necrotic foci were not observed due to the administration of ALA. The promising effects of ALA, known for its powerful antioxidant properties, on the IR injury of the liver can allow it to enter clinical practice in the future.

Diagnostic significance and utility of circulating redox biomarkers in patients with gastric cancer – preliminary study

Background This study aimed to evaluate the redox status, antioxidant barrier, and oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and DNA in patients with gastric cancer (GC). We are also the first to assess the diagnostic utility of redox parameters in patients with GC with respect to histopathological parameters. Methods Fifty patients with gastric cancer and 50 healthy controls matched for sex and age were included in the study. The antioxidant barrier, redox status, and oxidative damage products were measured in serum/plasma samples using colorimetric or spectrophotometric methods. Results The activity of superoxide dismutase – SOD (p < 0.05) was significantly higher, whereas the activities of catalase – CAT (p < 0.0001), glutathione peroxidase – GPx (p < 0.0001), glutathione reductase – GR (p < 0.0001), and reduced glutathione – GSH (p < 0.05) were considerably lower in GC patients than in the control group. The levels of total oxidant status – TOS (p < 0.0001), oxidative stress index – OSI (p < 0.0001), advanced oxidation protein products – AOPP (p < 0.0001), ischaemia modified albumin – IMA (p < 0.01), lipid hydroperoxides – LOOH (p < 0.0001), 8-IsoProstane − 8-Iso-P (p < 0.0001), and DNA/RNA (p < 0.0001) were significantly higher, and the levels of total antioxidant capacity – TAC (p < 0.0001) and total thiols (p < 0.0001) were considerably lower in patients compared to the healthy controls. Some redox parameters are characterized by high AUC values in patients with differentiated GC according to histopathological parameters. Conclusions Gastric cancer is strongly linked to a systemic redox imbalance and increased oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and DNA. Redox biomarkers are potential diagnostic indicators of gastric cancer advancement.

A comprehensive assessment of redox balance in small for gestational age newborns and their mothers.

The objective of this study was to assess oxidative stress in small for gestational age (SGA) newborns and their mothers by evaluating intra- and extracellular thiol homeostasis and the quantification of major oxidants and antioxidants. A total of 75 mothers and their 75 newborns (43 SGA) were enrolled in this study. Thiol-disulfide homeostasis, serum myeloperoxidase, catalase, total oxidant, and antioxidant status were analyzed. Additionally, erythrocytic glutathione (GSH) homeostasis was measured. Although native and total thiol levels were decreased, disulfide levels were increased in SGA groups. Additionally, myeloperoxidase activity and total oxidant status levels were significantly elevated whereas total antioxidant status levels and enzymatic antioxidant systems were diminished in SGA groups. Similarly, intra-erythrocytic GSH homeostasis was shifted in favor of oxidants in SGA groups. Our results demonstrate that insufficient antioxidant systems in mothers and a robust source of oxidative stress in SGA might contribute to the pathophysiology of SGA births.

Effect of Melatonin on Increasing the Effectiveness of Liver Preservation Solution.

Various tissue preservation solutions are used during the removal of the organ and during transplantation to protect the normal histological and biochemical characteristics of tissue while performing a successful liver transplant. In our study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of intraperitoneal melatonin administration on liver preservation damage before transplantation. In our study, the histological and biochemical characteristics of University of Wisconsin+melatonin group rats treated with melatonin 45 minutes before hepatectomy were compared between serum physiologic group and University of Wisconsin group. When hematoxylin and eosin staining was evaluated in terms of hydropic degeneration, sinusoidal dilatation, and hepatocyte necrosis, there was no statistically significant difference. Caspase 3 immunohistochemical staining showed a significant increase in Caspase 3 immunoreactivity positivity at the 12th-hour University of Wisconsin group compared to University of Wisconsin+melatonin group. As a result of biochemical analysis, the malondialdehyde and total oxidant status levels in the University of Wisconsin+melatonin group decreased significantly compared to the University of Wisconsin group. When the reduced glutathione activity and total antioxidant capacity level were compared, a significant increase was observed in the University of Wisconsin+melatonin group compared to the University of Wisconsin group at the 12th hour. It was also found that aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase levels decreased significantly in the University of Wisconsin+melatonin 12th-hour group compared to the University of Wisconsin 12th hour and control group. When the findings were evaluated, intraperitoneal administration of melatonin, a cytoprotective antioxidant, was found to play an effective role in preserving immunohistochemical and biochemical properties of liver tissue integrity and hepatocytes in University of Wisconsin solution.