Level Of Technical Equipment Research Articles

What explains trust in online mental health therapy provision platforms? An online descriptive survey.

Currently, there is an increased interest in providing mental health care through digital devices and services, and the demand for these services is growing. In this study, we considered the phenomenon of trust in online consultations, and the factors affecting this trust, within a Russian context. An online survey was conducted using Google Forms in May 2023 and the data were analyzed using SPSS. All the participants were students from Moscow universities aged from 18 to 35 years. The final sample consisted of 203 students, of which 154 (75.9%) were women, 44 (21.7%) were men, and five (2.5%) preferred not to specify their gender. We found that students had a high level of trust, which depended on personal factors, such as experience, socio-economic status, and age, and contextual factors, such as geographical and temporal independence, price of the session, availability of recommendations, popularity of the platform, and the level of technical equipment.

СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ ЦИФРОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ: ОПЫТ РОССИИ И США

The world today is undergoing a major information revolution. This period is characterized by a serious increase in the volume of information, which, in turn, is one of the important factors in the development of technology and society as a whole. It is the development of technologies and the improvement of digital communications that have become the basis for the emergence of such a factor in world development as the digital economy. The term "digital economy" itself was first used in 1995 by an American scientist in the United States, while in Russia this term was first used only in 2017 by a Presidential Decree. Almost all countries of the world are trying to follow new trends in the development of the digital economy, but not all of them have time to adapt to changing conditions. The article discusses and analyzes the trends in the development of the digital economy in Russia and the United States of America at the present stage. This is justified by the fact that the phenomenon of digitalization and its improvement has now generated many significant changes in the economic life of people. The replacement of manual labor with artificial intelligence, the emergence of new types of information technology resources and automation are only a small part of the digitalization process. The penetration of digitalization into the economy and the lives of people in different countries occurs in different ways, in particular, it depends on the degree of involvement of the population in the process, on the level of technical equipment and proper education. The United States, one of the leaders in the number of innovation performance ratings it has led for several years, has a great influence on the digital economy. The United States is one example of the successful formation of a new type of economy, while Russia has just begun the transformation of the transition of a market economy to a digital one. A study of the specifics of the digital development of these two countries will allow a better understanding of the essence of digitalization and help to consider its trends today.

ОCОБЛИВОСТІ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ ДИСТАНЦІЙНОЇ ВЗАЄМОДІЇ В ЗАКЛАДАХ ЗАГАЛЬНОЇ СЕРЕДНЬОЇ ОСВІТИ В УМОВАХ ПАНДЕМІЇ COVID-19

The article reveals the peculiarities of the organization of distance interaction in general secondary education institutions in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The author used methods of analysis, synthesis, systematization, comparison, generalization, categorical and functional analysis. The study, based on the analysis of a wide range of sources and literature, clarifies the concept of remote interaction, which is considered as the interaction of students, parents and teachers at a distance between specific Internet technologies or other web tools that provide interactivity. It was found that the features of distance interaction in schools include: democratization of education and openness; complete exclusion or reduction of nonverbal information about the interlocutor; dependence on the level of technical equipment and digital competence of participants in the educational process; the risk of distorted perception of the received information, distortion of its interpretation. Based on a survey of teachers, it was found that teachers appreciate their willingness to interact remotely with students. Teachers emphasize the importance of quality technical equipment, a clear plan for remote activities, quality and efficiency of feedback. Among the promising areas of distance interaction with parents, teachers identify: parent meetings, consultations, educational seminars, and some teachers have a positive experience of remote implementation of project activities of students and joint projects of children and parents. At the same time, teachers note that the situation with the coronavirus required all participants in the educational process to very quickly restructure their interaction in general secondary education, for which they were not psychologically ready. Key words: school, distance interaction, COVID-19 pandemic.

Aspects of the differentiated formation of a system of machines for various technologies of harvesting technical hemp

Relevance. As a result of the prohibition of technical hemp cultivation due to the fight against narcotic plants in 1980, the development of technologies and the production of technical means for the cultivation of hemp, the acreage of the crop was sharply reduced. One of the ways to ensure greater efficiency and competitiveness of drugsfree hemp products is to increase the level of technical equipment of the industry, the use of science-based intensive technologies and systems of high-performance energysaturated machines.Methods. The methodological approaches of leading scientists involved in the cultivation of technical hemp, the development of innovative technologies and systems of promising machines for the hemp growing industry together with machine-building plants were applied.Results. A scientifically based system of machines for harvesting technical hemp using high-performance energy-saturated technical means has been formed: combine harvesters and hemp harvesters, innovative stripping headers, rotary cutters with wearresistant cutting elements, modern tractors, balers, loaders, transporters. Production tests in hemp farms have shown that the use of a new system of machines not only increases the intensity of hemp harvesting, but also completely eliminates manual labor, reduces the agrotechnical harvesting time, improves the quality of hemp seed threshing up to 95% and reduces seed losses, increases the yield of stems with 2.2 to 4 t/ha and the quality of hemp trust — per 1 variety. It is scientifically substantiated that the use of new technical solutions increases the productivity of harvesting equipment by 50% or more compared to the previous one, while reducing the cost of growing and processing hemp, and increasing the quality and competitiveness of hemp products.

Provision of agricultural machinery for agricultural production in Russia

Relevance. The level of technical equipment occupies a special place in the development of agricultural production. For the development and improvement of production operations in agriculture, developed countries are introducing various high-tech processes and equipment. As a result, agricultural work becomes more interesting, productive and efficient. Only due to the complete automation of technological operations and processes, it is possible to significantly facilitate hard physical labor. The volume of work is significantly increasing at the same costs with the use of innovative machinery and equipment in agricultural production. Consequently, this leads to an increase in the economic efficiency of production.Materials and research methods. The materials of the study were data from periodicals on trends in the technical re-equipment of agriculture in Russia, materials of statistical reporting of the Russian Federation, its constituent entities and the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia over the past decades. In the course of the research, abstractlogical, monographic, computational-constructive, comparative analysis and statistical methods were used.Results. According to the results of the studies, it was established that the provision of agricultural machinery and equipment to agricultural enterprises in Russia has been deteriorating from year to year since 1990, there is a high level of deterioration of technical equipment, a low level of its renewal, a large share of old structures in the structure of the technical fleet of agricultural enterprises. Due to the lack of agricultural machinery, Russia loses about 30% of its crop yield every year, significant losses of production occur from non-compliance with agrotechnical terms for spring sowing, sowing winter crops, harvesting, as well as violations of the technology of cultivation of crops. As the reasons for the lag in the technical equipment of agricultural enterprises in Russia, the authors highlight such factors as the low level of profitability of agricultural enterprises, the inaccessibility of credit funds and weak government support for the industry. It is proved that without positive changes in the trend of technical equipment of agricultural organizations it will be impossible to increase the efficiency of agricultural production.

Internet television in Bangladesh: past and present

The development of digital technologies has radically changed the direction of the development of modern media. Professional producers of information – newspapers, radio broadcasting, and television – entered the Internet no more than fifteen years ago. The Internet is used by almost all types of media in the world as an additional channel for the transmission and distribution of content. Many media experts see a great future in the Internet media market. In Bangladesh, home to 160 million people, Internet media are already popular and growing rapidly.
 Internet TV began to function at the beginning of the 21st century. It was created specifically for broadcasting on the network, which requires a high level of technical equipment from both the producer and the content provider and the consumer. Therefore, chronologically, television was the last type of media that entered the Internet.
 In this report, we analyze the basic features of Internet Television that exists in contemporary Bangladesh and provide an account of the development trends. We analyzed Internet Television broadcasters in Bangladesh, like “ATN Music”, “Popcorn Live”.
 This study is based on both primary and secondary sources of qualitative data to understand the ability of Internet TV to provide news, qualitive information, together with the challenges and opportunities of it to work in the ever-changing media landscape.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DISTANCE LEARNING STUDENTS OF DENTAL FACULTY FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF STUDENTS AND TEACHERS

Distance learning and education have become firmly established in the life of higher education during the pandemic, creating many reasons for discussion. A lot of theory, a decrease in the level of communication, and a lack of practical training played an important role in the training of dentists. Analysis of the results of the questionnaire survey of 91 students and 21 teachers of the Faculty of Dentistry of USMU showed that students are better adapted to the distance format than teachers. For studying at the Faculty of Dentistry, online lectures and face-to-face practical classes have been successful. The effectiveness of learning can be increased by providing students and teachers with free access to the maximum number of educational resources, improving the level of technical equipment and the quality of Internet access. The ethics of distance learning is of great importance, in particular, the regulation of the interaction between the teacher and the student.

METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ORGANIZING COMMUNICATION BETWEEN TEACHER AND STUDENTS IN DISTANCE LEARNING

The article focuses on the methodological aspects of organizing communication between participants in the educational process in the context of using distance technologies. The main forms of organizing educational activities in distance learning are considered, depending on the level of technical equipment of the educational organization, the availability of personal devices, communication facilities and communication software. The modern services for organizing the interactive interaction of subjects of the educational process are described, their functionality and features in organizing communication are highlighted, the advantages and disadvantages are revealed. The article touches on the organization of the pedagogical process online from the point of view of the teacher's readiness to use modern digital technologies and depending of the level of development of students' communicative skills. The article presents a block diagram of an online lesson with the organization of group work, designed in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Basic General Education from the position of systematizing the actions of the teacher and students. At each stage of the online lesson (organizational, motivational-target, design, organizational-activity, evaluative, reflexive-semantic), the tasks of educational activities and methods for organizing communication are highlighted. The preparatory work of a teacher for conducting an online lesson in distance learning mode is disclosed in detail and the features of interaction are described that allow the teacher to recognize the psychological readiness of students for learning. Online etiquette is designed to help learners build productive relationships with classmates. The use of verbal and non-verbal communication methods in an online lesson expands the opportunities for students to interact with each other and with the teacher. The proposed methodological approaches to the use of digital means make it possible to activate the activities of students in the process of distance learning and to develop communication skills in practice.

IRON AGRICULTURAL TOOLS FROM REVNE

Iron agricultural tools from the Revne agglomeration of Slavs of the 8th—10th centuries is analyzed in the paper. The complex is one of the outstanding sites of the Eastern Croats Slavic tribal group in the Ukrainian Carpathian region (fig. 1). During ca. 50 years of stationary and supervisory explorations almost complete set of agricultural tools for primary and secondary tillage and for harvesting has been accumulated.
 The paper provides detailed description of the tools. Comparative analysis of the materials in geographical environment was carried out both in the area of Raiky culture and synchronous and chronologically close cultures and sites. Iron parts of plow-type tools certify a high level of technical equipment for tillage. Asymmetrical heads are inherent in bow ard. This plow-type tool had the head with iron wide-bladed tip posed horizontally to the ground and also knife coulter and mouldboard. Arable tools of this type cutted and turned the soil. Their use indicates the highest level of development of technical capabilities of tillage in the area of Raiky culture and synchronous archaeological cultures (fig. 2—4, 9). Hoes of two types are presented: the socketed items with a vertical open socket and those with a horizontal solid socket. Both types are well-known (the first type is much more common) but functionally there is no difference between them. Their analogies are common in the area of Raiky culture and synchronous surrounding (fig. 5, 6, 9).
 The harvesting process can be considered traditional for the people of Raiky culture. However there are insignificant differences comparing to the aggregate data. Thus, scythes with a curved handle (mainly used for haymaking and possibly for harvesting cereals with a tight ear) have not yet been occurred in Revne. However, such findings are generally much less common than sickles (fig. 7—9).
 The complex of iron agricultural tools shows the highest level of development of agriculture in the people of Raiky culture. Comparative analysis with other cultural and ethnic groups of the late 1st millennium AD in Central and Eastern Europe also shows that the level of agriculture is close to the achievements of the Saltiv culture.

Problems of analysis and forecasting of the level of technical equipment of agricultural enterprises (on the example of the Ryazan region)

Currently, the level of technical equipment of agricultural enterprises in the Russian Federation remains at a low level. On average, tractor availability in the country is 2–3 times less than in Kazakhstan and Belarus, and 20–30 times lower than in Western Europe and the United States. At the same time, agricultural production is faced with the task of achieving the level defined by the Food Security Doctrine in a number of industries, and increasing exports in a number of industries (production of cereals and industrial crops). In the Ryazan region, there is an appropriate resource potential for solving these problems. But the main factor constraining the increase in production is the insufficient development of the material and technical base. The dynamics of the number of major types of equipment over the past 10 years remains negative. At the same time, the region has a State program of the Ryazan region “Development of the agro-industrial complex until 2025”, which provides for a number of measures to maintain the level of technical equipment of agriculture. In this regard, the issue of scientific justification of the required amount of equipment and forecasting for the near future becomes relevant. On the regional scale, this is a difficult task, since traditional forecasting methods are not fully suitable for solving this problem due to the wide variety of production conditions in farms — soil fertility, climatic conditions, economic situation, specialization, etc. Therefore, we propose a method for determining the required amount of equipment and the amount of investment, based on the allocation of cluster groups and, then, the development of economic and mathematical models for the use of machine and tractor fleet for typical farms of each cluster group. This article analyzes the level of technical equipment of agriculture in the Ryazan region and identifies cluster groups of farms.

ТЕХНОЛОГИИ И МАШИНЫ ДЛЯ ФИЗИЧЕСКИХ МЕТОДОВ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ НА ПОЧВУ, СЕМЕНА И РАСТЕНИЯ

Getting a high-quality yield depends on a signifi cant number of factors: soil and climatic conditions, the quality of seed or planting material, cultivation technologies, the level of technical equipment, etc. In addition, the effi ciency of agricultural production depends primarily on the use of chemicals to treat various biological objects (soil, seeds, and plants). In turn, they contribute to the “pollution” of chemical compounds and their components used in the treatment of soil, soil waters, rivers, and reservoirs, as well as crops grown. To prevent the negative eff ect of chemicals on biological objects, it is necessary to use alternative treatment methods, which can include a physical infl uence, carried out by various types of radiation, gaseous media, etc. The authors outline tasks to be solved in the machine design. They include ensuring physical infl uence on biological material, using basic design principles to solve the problems of forming a system of agricultural machines and technologies to ensure high productivity, environmental safety, and obtaining healthy food by completely or partially replacing chemical infl uence with the physical one. The paper proposes designs of devices to process the soil, seeds, and plants by physical methods aimed at combating weeds, pests, and diseases, as well as stimulating the germination and intensive development of seed and planting material cultivated both in open and protected ground.

Automated Control of the Microclimate in the Premises of Pig-Breeding Complexes

In the pig breeding, a large share of the production cost is accounted for by the cost of electricity and heat. Reducing energy costs is one of the important tasks of the industry. It is important to identify and study modern technologies and equipment for pig farming due to the constant increase in electricity tariffs, significant energy costs for creating and maintaining a microclimate. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in an analysis of modern available technologies and equipment for agricultural production, including pig farming, allowing to reduce the cost of production. (Materials and methods) Authors used a method for determining the standard indicators of energy consumption of energy resources in the pig industry, based on the calculation and analytical method. The article presents an analyze of automated microclimate management systems in pig breeding complexes, taking into account the individual characteristics of farms produced by OWEN. (Results and discussion) Automated microclimate management systems can improve the productivity of pig farms; reduce the cost of electrical and thermal energy, reduce the number of diseases of animal from hypothermia, high humidity or temperature in the room, feed consumption; monitor the chemical composition of the air. The article considers three options for creating a microclimate in rooms with animals, taking into account the individual characteristics of enterprises. (Conclusions) The profitability of pig production depend on the level of technical equipment of farms, automation, and the use of energy-saving technologies and equipment. The use of innovations in agricultural production makes it possible to increase labor productivity up to three times, and savings due to reduced feed costs can reach several million rubles a year.

Regional measures of state support for increasing the technical equipment of machine and tractor fleet of agricultural enterprises

The article analysis the dynamics of the technical equipment of the machine and tractor fleet of agricultural enterprises of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Authors analyzed the regional programs implemented in the Republic to support agro-industrial enterprises. The article proves the effectiveness of allocating subsidies for the organization of capital repairs and modernization of equipment in operation on the basis of specialized repair enterprises of the Republic. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in determining the effectiveness of regional state support measures aimed at improving the level of technical equipment of agricultural enterprises. (Materials and methods) The article shows the importance of using a scientifically based system of machines for the implementation of innovative technologies for the cultivation of major agricultural crops and production of livestock products in various soil and climatic conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan. (Results and discussion) The article notes that the implementation of regional programs of support of agricultural enterprises in the Republic of Bashkortostan has increased the volume of works on repair of agricultural machinery repair shops up to 7 times, reduce the average aging of tractors and combines for the last 10 years (2010-2020) by 18 percent, increase the number of equipment above the standard lifetime of 34 percent. (Conclusions) To achieve the standard indicators of technical equipment of agricultural enterprises, it is necessary to increase their energy supply to 230-250 horsepower per 100 hectares of sown area, which will require the additional purchase of at least 1200 harvesters, more than 3000 tractors of various classes and 250 forage harvesters.

INNOVATIVE POTENTIAL OF A MEDICAL ORGANIZATION, AS PART OF ITS ECONOMIC POLICY

The new economic policy of Russia is based on innovation and investment. Before choosing innovative changes, it is mandatory to assess the innovative potential of the organization. can distinguish Three main components can be distinguished in the innovative potential of a medical institution: innovative potential of medical personnel, innovation of facilities and resources, technology innovation (medico-institutional, therapeutic and diagnostic technologies). An audit of the innovative potential of a medical organization is a prerequisite for the formation of a competent economic policy, i. e. business strategies, priority investments. However, studies on a comprehensive assessment of the state of innovative potential of oncological medical organizations have not been conducted yet. Objective. To study the state of innovative potential of a medical organization, as part of its economic policy, using the example of cancer care. Materials and methods. The base of the research is the Higher Educational Institution “Ivanovo Regional Oncology Dispensary”, Department of Health, Ivanovo Region. The research program provided for the use of sociological, expert, mathematical-statistical and analytical methods. Units of observation: medical worker (doctor, paramedical worker) and material and technical resources of “Ivanovo Regional Oncology Dispensary”, The study was conducted in 2018. The integral estimation methodology of a medical organization’s innovation potential includes a quantitative assessment of each component of the potential according to the appropriate methodology. Results. Decline of the innovative capacity medical organization oncological profile on all of its components including: a personnel component at 9,0%, logistical component to 11,0%, technological component at 6,8%. Reduced innovative capacity of health workers is associated with low estimation of its parameters such as: the use of information sources for self-development, the ability to adapt to innovation and research activity. A decrease in the innovative potential of an oncological medical organization was noted in all its components, including: the personnel component by 9.0%, the material and technical component by 11.0%, the technological component by 6.8%. The decline in the innovative potential of health workers is associated with a low assessment of its parameters such as the use of information sources for self-development, the ability to adapt to innovation and research activities. The decrease in the innovation of the organization’s facilities and resources is associated with such indicators as: the scientific and technical level of equipment, the coefficient of accumulation of fixed assets, the coefficient of depreciation of equipment, the coefficient of inclusion of equipment in the standard of assistance. The decrease in innovation in the technological component is associated with the incomplete implementation of such quality attributes of medical services as: efficiency, adequacy, interpersonal interaction, uniqueness, convenience. Conclusion. The results of the study showed that a change in the innovative policy of medical organizations is required, its transfer from an extensive to an intensive strategic vector of development, the use of free financial resources for the purchase of new generation equipment, and the training of medical personnel in modern work technologies.

100 years of creation. On the jubilee of «Teploelectroproekt»

The history is presented of creation and activities of Teploelectroproekt JSC (formerly, Teploelectroproekt Institute), a flagship company in Russian design of thermal and nuclear power facilities. Results are considered of the Institute’s activities in severe conditions of the Civil War and foreign military intervention, in times of peace and during the Great Patriotic War, at the post-war years of restoration of industrial facilities, during the reform of Russia’s power sector after the breakdown of the USSR. The contribution of distinguished scientists and engineers in formation and development of the Institute over its 100-year long history is described. The Institute’s achievements are presented in both the creation of modern infrastructure of Russia’s power industry, and in construction of power plants abroad (in China, Iraq, India and other countries). The quality of design solutions largely depended on the level of technical equipment of designers. TEP acted as the driving force and head organization of the industry in introduction of information technologies in design. For many years, the Institute has been a talent pool for power industry executives. Among those who started their professional life there are I. I. Ugorets (USSR deputy power plant minister), Ya. I. Finogenov (USSR first deputy minister for power industry and electrification), A. A. Troitskiy (USSR Energy Ministry and USSR State Planning Committee), S. P. Goncharov (USSR Energy Ministry), to name just a few. Due to its great experience and united team, the Institute could maintain its leading positions in the design of construction of thermal power plants. The Institute is actively engaged in working on creating projects of state-of-art highperformance thermal power plants operating on organic fuels with steam-turbine, steam-gas and gas-turbine units. The Institute creates advanced innovative projects meeting the most stringent demands of customers, in accordance with industrual and environmental safety requirements.

Main directions of improvement of the method for calculation of idle time of cars at technical stations

The article is devoted to comparison of the existing and improved method of calculating the idle time of cars at technical stations. The positive and negative sides of that method are considered. In the analysis result, the main factors influencing the finding time of the cars at the technical station were revealed: the level of technical equipment, organizational structure, technology and organization of operations at the station, the volumes of train and shunting operations, the degree of unevenness of the arrival of train cars and trains. Currently on the Latvian Railway, the idle time of train cars under technological and cargo operations are actually determined from the moment of arrival at the station before moment of the departure from it. Thus, the existing method of calculating the idle time of train cars at technical stations does not foresee the prediction of this indicator and an assessment of the impact of innovations of a technical, technological and organizational nature. The article suggests the main directions of improving of the method for calculating the idle time of train cars by allowing us to take into full consideration the technical equipment, the technology of operations and the unevenness of the arrival of train cars to the technical station.

Theoretical and methodological aspects of the impact of foreign direct investment on the regional economy

The article deals with the main theoretical approaches to the definition of direct investment. The key advantages and disadvantages of the processes of foreign direct investment movement and the general determinants of attraction of foreign direct investment in the region's economy are determined. In order to analyze the investment climate in the region and make a decision on direct investment in the region's economy, the article analyzes the investment attractiveness of the region, which will determine the effectiveness of investment activity and investment activity in the region, which reflects the intensity of investment activity. It is noted that it is investment activity that determines the level of development of the region. Therefore, the state of production, the level of technical equipment, the possibility of solving social, economic, environmental and other problems at the regional level depends on the efficiency of its factor - regional investment policy. The analysis of the methods of investment attractiveness assessment of the region was carried out and the main objectives of attraction of direct foreign investments in the region were determined. The formation and integrity of domestic normative-legal regulation of the sphere of attraction of foreign investments in the regions is considered. The factors of investment activity of the region are determined and the innovative component of investment activity of the region is allocated. The factors of the investment activity of the region include the magnitude, innovative component of investment activity and the competitiveness of enterprises in the region. The necessary conditions for the scale of investment activity in the region are determined by the expansion of the object base for investment, an increase in the share of investments in the development of drivers, growth points, hubs of the region's economy, an increase in the share of investments that ensure the development and efficient use of human capital in the region; system work on attraction of investments and realization of investment projects. In addition, the conditions of the scale of investment activity of the region are considered in the article.

Technical equipment of agricultural production in the region and factors influencing its development

The definition of the concept of technical equipment and identification of the level of technical equipment of agriculture in the Novosibirsk region is dealt with in this paper. The analysis of the technical equipment of agricultural production with machinery and mechanisms has been conducted. The study of literature sources on definition of the concept of technical equipment of agricultural production has been carried out. Statistical data on the availability of agricultural machinery for agricultural producers in the region, and the structure of energy capacities have been analyzed. The data on the renewal of agricultural machinery and the volume of production of plant growing and livestock are graphically presented. The factors influencing the technical equipment of agricultural production and the degree of their influence on the efficiency of the agricultural production of the region are revealed. The ways of improving the system of technical equipment are suggested. The model of the dependence of the efficiency of agricultural production on its technical equipment is substantiated with the help of economic and mathematical modeling in order to obtain more accurate data on the region’s need for agricultural machinery.

Analysis of the Agro Risks of Import Substitution of the Food Production

The relevance of the study is related to the current conditions of the functioning of the Russian economy. The objective of this article is to study the import substitution in terms of possible agro risks and threats caused by the economic and political situation. The analysis of the statistical data characterizing the import substitution in the food industry showed the inefficiency of the current forms and methods of state support. The main sources of risks of import substitution are defined. The change in the global situation and geopolitical realities, which are exacerbated by the low technical level of equipment and the lack of resources, allowed to ascertain that the goals of import substitution can be achieved only through the modernization of production and the introduction of innovative technologies in the food industry. The methods of modernization proposed in this article will make it possible to form a competitive agro-industrial complex able to provide the domestic demand and export supplies with food products.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SIMPLIFIED METHODS OF OPERATING LINES WITH A SMALL AMOUNT OF WORK AND THE MAIN MEANS OF TRANSPORT

Presents the results of research performance in terms of activity, revealing the root cause of high costs associated with the operation of lines with small amount of work and the main means of transport. For misallocation much of obsolete machinery, equipment, standing devices, fixed assets, observed ultra-high rate of transportation costs on the lines with small amount of work. The proposed rational methods of cost reduction and maintenance activities in such areas - application of simplified methods of exploitation and modern, innovative fixed assets. The emergence of land with small amounts of work due to several factors. Some areas were built specifically with the small volume of operational activities. While another part of the lines moved into the category of modeately under the influence of rapid reduction of traffic. Especially due to the rupture of economic relations after 1991 Using different sizes of the transport structure and the level of technical equipment of the Railways is much differentialsa. The main difference between the indicators of the technological capacity of main and railway sections with low volumes of work. On lines with low volumes of work technique used is outdated design with a large actual service life and a high degree of wear. The question of the level of technical development of fixed assets of Railways with small traffic is important because good decisions depend on production and economic results of work of transport. Investigation of the operational activities and the corresponding calculations reveal the root cause of high costs associated with the operation of lines with small amount of work. It is basically a misallocation of much morally and physically obsolete equipment, equipment and permanent devices, which leads to a dramatic surge in the cost of transportation, compared to trunk lines. However, the possibility of rational cost reduction and maintenance activities on lines with low volumes of work exist. Mainly as a result of application of simplified methods of exploitation and modern, innovative fixed assets.