Levels Of Social System Research Articles

Study on the Interactive Mechanism between Racism and Terrorism in Europe

Given the growing racial and religious tensions in Europe and the frequent occurrences of terrorist activities, studying the correlation between the two can provide a theoretical basis for preventing terrorist activities. This study aims to explore the logical relationship and interaction mechanism between them. Taking the Paris terrorist attack in 2015 as an example, adopting the analytical dualism theory, this paper analyzes the mutual influence paths between racial discrimination and terrorist activities and discusses from cultural and structural perspectives the conditions under which racism becomes the hotbed for extremism, as well as the ways terrorist organizations manipulate racial issues to expand influence. The study concludes that racial divides in Europe provide a real basis for the spread of extremism, while extremist organizations also manipulate racial, customary, and religious emotions through online and offline means to expand influence, and the two reinforce each other. To thoroughly break this vicious cycle, positive multicultural identity needs to be promoted, structural discrimination between races needs to be eliminated at the social system level, and the independent thinking abilities and subjectivity of minority ethnic groups need to be enhanced to block the conduction of resentful emotions towards terrorism at its root.

Application of business intelligence under deep neural network in credit scoring of bank users

This paper aims to improve the level of social credit system and the accuracy and efficiency of bank users’ credit scoring by using business intelligence technology based on deep neural network (DNN). Firstly, based on the theory of personal credit evaluation factors, a comprehensive credit evaluation factor system is constructed, taking into account social and economic background, consumption habits, behavior patterns and other factors. Meanwhile, back propagation neural network (BPNN) theory is introduced as the core method of modeling to cope with the nonlinear relationship in the credit scoring task and the demand of large-scale data processing. Secondly, by analyzing the operation process of BPNN in detail, the specific application in credit scoring model is emphasized. Finally, on the basis of theory and operation, this paper implements a credit scoring model for bank users based on BPNN theory. The experimental results show that the model realized in this paper can automatically discover the key attributes and internal rules in the sampled data, and adjust the weight and threshold of the network by modifying the parameters and network structure to meet the expected requirements. The accuracy of the credit score of the predicted sample data reaches 99.5%, and the prediction error is very small, which has a good prediction effect. This paper provides a feasible solution for business intelligence and DNN in the field of credit scoring, and also provides strong empirical support for improving the level of social credit system.

The role of accounting information systems characteristics in improving the quality of insurance services An applied study for the National Insurance Company

Our modern world is experiencing rapid development at various levels of information and social systems, and it is natural for this development to be reflected in people and organizations. This development was in the information system and the field of its application. The characteristics of accounting information systems are a fundamental goal in the success or failure of the organization, because this information is used to support and coordinate administrative operations. In addition to using it as a tool for coordination and communication within the organization and its external environment on the other hand. It is considered one of the most important information that the organization needs, and the accounting information system used within the insurance company is specific to it and is compatible with the nature of its work. This is because it is used to process the collection of insurance premiums in addition to paying compensation. The accounting information system collects, classifies and communicates information to the company's management. Therefore, the use of accounting information shows us the financial reality of the insurance company because it depends on the collection of premiums and compensation.

Negotiation between ambition and reality: The path to Chinese feminist media’s development

This study explores the development of Chinese feminist media by presenting a case study of a leading feminist media account, Way to Non-Violence (WTNV) (Jieshu baoli zhi lu). Utilizing Shoemaker and Reese’s Hierarchical Model, this study analyzes the factors shaping and constraining WTNV’s development, and investigates the strategies WTNV deploys to meet its objectives amidst survival challenges. We carried out in-depth interviews with WTNV’s staff members and contributors, observed their online meetings, and conducted thematic analyses of 1,331 WTNV’s posts. We identify the influencing factors at five levels, specifically organizational level (WTNV), routines level (WTNV’s daily operational practices), individual level (the staff and contributors), social system level (censorship and content regulation, misogyny patriarchy culture and anti-feminism), and extra-media level (economic pressures). We find that caught between ambition and reality, WTNV maintains a moderate and inclusive feminist stance, deploys survival tactics, keeps a low profile, and continues to advocate feminist ideas. This study offers feminist media scholars and practitioners insight into how political and cultural factors, organizational attributes and routines, and individual agency collectively shape feminist media in the Chinese context.

Концептуальна модель дистинктивної поведінки особистості

B a c k g r o u n d . Modern society is characterized by a variety of individual characteristics manifested in a person's behavior. Distinctiveness is a type of behavior described by non-stereotypical actions, a person's tendency to manifest individuality, and the desire to be socially visible, aiming to create an impression and gain the attention of others. Objective. To develop and disclose a conceptual model of the distinctive behavior of personality. M e t h o d s . Euler-Venn diagrams were used to graphically represent the relationship between distinctive behavior and norms in a particular subject area. R e s u l t s . Two functional dependencies for social and personal factors influencing distinctive behavior are proposed. The concept of "norms", defined from the "angle of view" of the subject area in which a particular norm was formed, is introduced. Two functional dependencies for social and personal factors influencing distinctive behavior are formulated. The concept of norms defined from the "angle of view" of the subject area R is introduced. At the social system level, the forms of distinctiveness manifestation are hypothetically divided. The theory of optimal distinctiveness is considered. The proposed classification of behavioral signs of individual distinctiveness as an element of the social system is divided into three groups, and the main components of each group are highlighted. C o n c l u s i o n s . Through theoretical analysis of the scientific literature, it was determined that distinctive behavior can be described as a type of personality behavior based on the desire to express identity while overcoming the social norms that have developed in a certain reference group in the current period.

Factors Associated with Participation of Vietnamese Informal Workers in Voluntary Social Insurance Scheme

This study estimated impacts of demographic and employment factors on the voluntary social insurance participation of Vietnamese informal workers by using data from the Labour Force Survey and Heckman’s two-step probit selection model for four groups of informal workers. The results showed that age, the highest education level, number of school-age children in household, number of household members participating in the social insurance system, job position and income level of informal workers had significant impacts on their decision to participate in the scheme. Moreover, these impacts were different for informal workers when considering their job positions. Based on the findings, this study recommended various policies considering the aforementioned characteristics of informal workers.

Association of the Stanford Integrated Psychosocial Assessment for Transplant and 1-Year Outcome of Living Kidney Transplantation in Japan

Since most kidney transplantations in Japan are performed on the basis of living donors, after-transplant outcomes should achieve optimum results, overcoming participants' possible reduced adherence. This study investigated the association between the Japanese version of the Stanford Integrated Psychosocial Assessment for Transplantation (SIPAT-J) and outcomes, one year after the patient's living kidney transplant (LKT). The prospective cohort study was undertaken at Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital from January 2020 to July 2021, with a one-year follow-up period. The SIPAT-J assesses 18 psychosocial risk factors: (A) Patient's Readiness Level and Illness Management (SIPAT A), (B) Social Support System Level of Readiness (SIPAT B), (C) Psychological Stability and Psychopathology (SIPAT C), and (D) Lifestyle and Effect of Substance Use (SIPAT D). The evaluators, a psychiatrist and three clinical psychologists, conducted an independent, blinded application of the SIPAT-J using participants' medical records. The study focused on physical composite outcomes, psychiatric outcomes, and non-adherent behaviors. The participants were 173 LKT recipients (median age (IQR) 51 (38-59)); 67.1% were male, and 67.1% were employed. The median (IQR) SIPAT scores were SIPAT A [7 (5-9)], SIPAT B [7 (5-9)], SIPAT C [2 (0-4)], SIPAT D [3 (3-4)], and SIPAT total [20 (16-23)]. The physical composite outcome was 25 (14.5%), psychiatric outcome 9 (5.2%), and non-adherent behavior 17 (9.8%). SIPAT C (odds ratio [OR]=1.34, 95% confidence interval [Cl]=1.06-1.72, p=0.02) was significantly associated with the psychiatric outcome. SIPAT B (OR=1.49, 95% Cl=1.12-1.98, p=0.01) and SIPAT total (OR=1.13, 95% Cl=1.03-1.24, p=0.01) were significantly associated with non-adherent behaviors. There was no significant association between the SIPAT and physical composite outcomes. This study is the first to examine the association between SIPAT and physical and psychiatric outcomes one year after LKT, controlling for follow-up periods and factors other than SIPAT. Comprehensive psychosocial assessment before LKT and early identification of factors that may negatively affect transplant success can allow targeted interventions to be implemented and increase the likelihood of favorable recipient outcomes.

Journalism in Flux: The Changing News Industry in Latin America, 2013–2021

ABSTRACT Over the last decade, countries throughout Latin America have faced significant shifts at the social institutional and systems levels that warrant an examination of how the region’s journalism has changed during this tumultuous period. Using a hierarchy of influences approach, this study employs repeated, cross-sectional surveys with Latin American journalists from 20 countries in 2013 (n = 572), 2017 (n = 159), and 2021 (n = 1720) to analyze micro-institutional changes during times of macro-level changes. We identify macro-institutional influences on the shrinking of Latin American newsrooms, consolidation of social media use, and increase of investigative and collaborative reporting. We suggest journalists responded to changes via innovation, shifting editorial lines, transnationalization, and changes in newsroom organization.

Tend‐and‐befriend and rally around the flag effects during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Differential longitudinal change patterns in multiple aspects of social cohesion

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic and its lockdowns have uniquely challenged our social lives. The current study seeks to explore changes in social cohesion on various psychological dimensions (trust, belonging, social interaction, social engagement) and social system levels (family, friends, neighbours, institutions, nations), assessed in 3522 Berlin residents before, during, and after the first lockdown, and four times during the second lockdown. The first lockdown had a consistently negative impact on psychological dimensions of social cohesion. However, the picture was more nuanced regarding social systems: micro‐level cohesion with family members and neighbours, and macro‐level processes of institutional trust and national and international belonging increased, particularly in women. This suggests tend‐and‐befriend tendencies of affiliation, and affirmation of political and national identities. However, social cohesion collapsed during the second lockdown, indicating pandemic fatigue effects. Findings suggest a multidimensional approach to social cohesion and highlight the relevance of stressor duration in times of collective crisis.

Ecotourism, wildlife conservation, and agriculture in Costa Rica through a social-ecological systems lens

Parks and protected areas have long been promoted for their environmental conservation benefits, opportunities for outdoor recreation and nature-based tourism, and associated economic opportunities. However, conservation biologists and ecologists are increasingly embracing the idea that achieving their conservation goals requires working outside these protected areas and within more developed agricultural lands occupied and used by people. This shift toward a systems perspective for conservation involves working within integrated social and ecological systems. Outdoor recreation and nature-based tourism operate within these same linked systems across a range of scales. Ecotourism in particular is a complex social-ecological system (SES) that relies on environmental resources such as protected areas, tourism industry elements such as lodging and transportation, and locals who obtain their livelihoods in the surrounding regions. To understand this complex system, we apply a framework for situating disciplines within an SES across scales. This framework includes two-way interactions between nested hierarchical levels of social and ecological systems. Interactions range from positive to negative, forming a four-quadrant framework. We argue that this framework is more representative of this highly complex system of ecotourism than traditional human-impact research and provides a more holistic understanding of the nature-based recreation ecosystem. We apply this SES to a case study in Costa Rica, where ecotourism has become an important source of income for residents and thus generates conservation success. Our study area comprised the upper Guacimal watershed, a regional tourism hub in northwestern Costa Rica. We apply this SES framework to interview data regarding missions, goals, and management practices from representatives of 20 government and non-government organizations active in conservation, and thus engaged in ecotourism, in the area. Applying our SES framework to the Costa Rican case study revealed the dimension of varied challenges and benefits of ecotourism for and by local conservation organizations as compared with ecotourist visitors. The framework reveals opportunities for identifying trade-offs and maximizing benefits to social and ecological systems while minimizing negative impacts. Through this framework, we also discuss how ecotourism can contribute toward conservation of unregulated lands. Considering ecotourism as an SES can enable more comprehensive decision-making around an ecotourism system.

Social assistance dilemma for rural disabled people based on social exclusion theory

With the development of our economy, China has now entered an all-round well-off society and has basically achieved total poverty eradication, and the level and level of various social security systems have been greatly developed. As a very special group of people with disabilities, rural people with disabilities have become one of the main groups we focus on for social assistance. However, due to the specificity of their location and their own characteristics, rural people with disabilities have a series of difficulties in receiving social assistance. Based on the theory of social exclusion, this paper will analyses how people with disabilities in rural areas are excluded from social assistance, and make corresponding policy recommendations.

The Hierarchy of Influences Model, National Culture, Human Development, and Journalism Influences

This study examines how social systems level variables may help shape broadcast journalists’ perceptions of the forces influencing their work. We combined Worlds of Journalism Study data with Hofstede's cultural orientations to consider how the levels of the hierarchical influences model may coalesce. In six analyses across four levels, culture was significantly correlated with perceived influences. Our findings support the belief the social systems level is the hegemonic level on which the other levels rest.

한국불교 위기와 미래지향적 대응:*

This manuscript is a small study for diagnosing the crisis of Korean Buddhism and preparing for future Buddhism, based on the Buddhist monks and nuns <Reference 1>, and a survey of the consciousness of male and female members of the household <Reference 2>. In particular, it seeks to respond to the future orientation of Korean Buddhism based on the data shown by the Buddhist tendencies of the MZ generation. The current crisis of Korean Buddhism is accompanied by secularization in the social system level and dereligion in the behavioral level, and it is expected that a tsunami of various forms including the super-aging of the Buddhist population is expected. In modern society, religion is located on the periphery as one of various social functioning systems, and is only a part of Korea

Sense of country: General and specific factors covary with social identification and predict emigration plans.

Theoretical analyses of person-environment interaction describe complex models, addressing different levels of social systems, while models of the sense of community provide a base for transferring views of this interaction to the national level. This paper presents two studies that explored the structure of the sense of country and its relation to emigration plans and social identification. Study 1 involved 1,005 adults from Latvia. The Sense of Country Inventory (SOCI) included influence, perceived opportunities, belonging, and spatiotemporal commitment as the components of this sense. The bifactor model demonstrated the best fit and confirmed the general factor, integrating components of the sense of country, and specific factors, emphasizing its complexity. The validation demonstrated that the general sense of country is the main negative predictor of emigration plans. Study 2 included 247 participants who completed the SOCI and Identification With All Humanity Scale (IWAH). Correlating with national identification, the sense of country negatively predicted emigration plans that reflected the social identity continuity pathway. In turn, a negative relationship between the sense of country and global identification, which positively predicted emigration plans, revealed a social identity gain pathway. Together, the studies present the integrative nature of the sense of country and its links to emigration plans and national and global social identification.

Perceived Social Support as a Predictor of General Health in HIV+ Patients: Moderating Role of Gender

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) affects the functioning of the human immune system (HIS). Objectives: To evaluate the predictive role of social support in general health among HIV+ patients, and the moderating role of gender between social support and general health. Methods: Cross-sectional study was carried out at the Jinnah Hospital Lahore, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Association of people living with HIV and AIDS Islamabad, and New Light AIDS control program (NGO) Rawalpindi from February 2019 to March 2020. Berlin Social Support Scale and General Health Questionnaire were used to assess perceived social support and general health among HIV patients. Results: Social support significantly predicted general health components (p < .001), and significant moderating effect of gender (β= -.32, t = 2.49, p<.05) was found between social support and general health among HIV patients. Conclusions: Social support emerged as a protective factor of general health in HIV+ patients in Pakistan that helped them to manage stress and fight with their illness. The high level of social support system tends to decrease general health problems among HIV + patients; however relationship between perceived social support and general health was stronger among women as compared to men.

COVID-19 pandemic and science reporting in Pakistan

While the COVID-19 pandemic has posed challenges to working journalists overall, South Asian countries are compounded by scientific illiteracy, language and cultural barriers, and a scarcity of trained science journalists. These constraints can impinge science journalism in the region along with other contextual factors. This study sheds light on science journalism in Pakistan during the COVID-19 pandemic. Informed by the hierarchy of influences model, this study explores the influences on the Pakistani journalists’ science reporting at five levels: individual, routine, organizational, social-institutional, and social system levels. This study reveals that journalists experience individual level influences due to a lack of knowledge about science and the COVID-19 pandemic. At a routine level, access to information, limited technical and financial investments in digital repositories of science publications and safety risks affect their work. At an organizational level, the Pakistani journalists face problems because of a lack of policy guidelines, science journalism training, and equal opportunities to receive training by their respective news organizations. Weak advisory committees for science reporting and the pandemic manifest its influence on journalists’ work at an institutional level. At a social system level, Pakistan’s religious and cultural contexts influence the journalists’ reporting on science and the COVID-19 pandemic.

Spatial dimensions within hierarchy of influences: How re-conceived notions of space in networked societies impact Latin American journalists

Local, national, regional and global networks of power intersect in this digital era, raising questions of how re-conceived notions of space in networked societies impact journalism. This study surveyed journalists ( n = 1094) from 20 Latin American countries to explore how spatial dimensions are influencing how journalists’ roles are perceived in the region, within the hierarchy of influences model. It identified the disseminator/informational role – a role traditionally less common among journalists in Latin America – as most impacted by the spatial shifts at the organizational level (geographic scope), social-institutional level (geo-cultural regions) and social systems level (social network structures). As journalists’ work becomes connected with extra-national networks, their perceptions of roles shift, with relevant consequences for journalistic practices.

Modern determinants and challenges of marketing management Ukrainian IT startup industry

The aim of the article. The aim of the article is to study the Ukrainian ecosystem of startups and highlight the determinants and challenges of marketing management of the national IT startup industry in modern conditions. The results of the analysis. It was revealed that in the conditions of increasing entropy at all levels of social systems, the development of the start-up industry becomes critical for adapting to external turbulences. The prerequisites and prospects for the development of the ecosystem of IT startups in Ukraine were analyzed. It is emphasized that the priorities of managing the national economy should shift in the direction of finding opportunities for active formation and use of the country's intellectual potential on the basis of effective marketing management of the start-up industry. The critical determinants of modern IT start-ups have been identified: the issue of choosing forms, methods and tools for marketing management of innovative projects The modern management challenges of the IT startup industry in Ukraine have been identified: insufficient financing at all stages and stages of the startup and requirements for transformation of sources of investment income; breaks in logistics chains with partners and suppliers; requirements of anti-crisis marketing and low-budget flexible PR; aggravation of the need for institutional support and legal support; relocation and optimization of project teams; adaptation of a client-oriented strategy to the turbulence of client needs; personnel management in conditions of shortage of personnel and lack of qualifications. The problems of transformation of target markets, relocation of teams, investment and support of financial sustainability of Ukrainian IT startups were considered. As a solution, it is proposed to use the tools of adaptive marketing management, correction of business models, the use of innovative sources of investment and personnel management. The role of IT startups as a catalyst of innovative transformations and digital transformations of all sectors of the country's economy, the basis for ensuring economic growth, is emphasized. The importance of ensuring an effective system of adaptive marketing management of IT startups as a driver of accelerated innovative development and national security of Ukraine is substantiated. Conclusions and direction for further research. IT startup is a company with a necessarily innovative component, which operates in conditions of extreme uncertainty and limited resources and is in search of a sustainable and scalable business model. That is why it is IT startups that have the role of leader and catalyst of social development in the digital economy. In order to find exactly the right sustainable and scalable business model, IT startups need effective marketing management, since the creation of a business model includes the implementation of marketing management tasks, namely: defining segments, product development, value proposition , sales channels, pricing, etc. The Ukrainian IT startup industry has a strong potential for development and should be considered as a driver of accelerating progress. In wartime conditions, the national IT startup industry is characterized by the relocation of teams, partial disintegration of teams, remote work, efforts of startups to help the country with their innovative solutions, the main focus on domestic and European markets. During this period of time, Ukrainian IT startups also faced many challenges such as: financial and investment, personnel and qualification, marketing and legal. Solving these problematic issues and challenges of marketing management of IT startups will be facilitated by iterative analysis and operational correction of business models for effective management of the marketing strategy in terms of finding new target markets, revising the value proposition, adjusting the marketing mix, as well as expanding the use of innovative sources of investment, intensifying participation international organizations, hiring and training new employees with less work experience.

Building Capacity for Individual and Systems-Level Collaborative Conservation Impacts: Intentional Design for Transformative Practice

Conservation for and with local communities and stakeholders is essential. Despite the importance of community-oriented approaches and calls for capacity building in conservation, the impacts and inputs of training in relational fields like collaborative conservation remain unclear. We used mixed methods to conduct one of the first evaluations of a collaborative conservation capacity building program, and present an empirically-based causal model of the programmatic inputs supporting long-term changes. We found moderate to transformational impacts on participants’ practice and professional trajectories, and on multiple dimensions of capacity, including comfort, conviction, and identity. Flexible funding, immersion into a safe community of practice, and the obligation and opportunity to experiment with collaborative approaches fostered these changes. We also found evidence of a developing landscape of practice, and perceived benefits to communities where fellows worked. We suggest programs incorporate intentional design, including networked communities of practice and heuristics, to enhance individual and systems impact. Management implications Building collaborative conservation capacity involves more than training: applied experiences, immersion into communities of practice, and flexible funding can support long-term adoption of new approaches. Fostering a sense of conviction for collaboration early may incite participants to engage with (sometimes uncomfortable) new experiences and groups. Adopting “networked” communities of practice may allow collaborative conservation fellowships to reduce potential tradeoffs between individual and social systems level goals.

Case study: Observing the World Music School Helsinki as a social ecological system to enhance community connectivity and resilience

AbstractThe World Music School community is a Non‐Government Organisation (NGO) that teaches music and organises events internationally around dance and music activities. This case study investigates community connectivity and resilience development in the World Music School (WMS) Helsinki community of practice and the Shanghai WMS community of interest. Using a social ecological system approach, the community structures and relationships were explored and supported by the literature. In particular, the research focused on the feedback loops at different levels within each community structure. The WMS core activities are viewed as inclusive and human connectivity enhancers. Focusing on human connectivity, the research investigated the ‘what’ and ‘why’ of the NGO's involvement in building its community structure as it revealed what is essential for community resilience. This research discusses how connections between shocks and disturbances within the community systems were identified and the various outcomes when identifying and approaching acute weakness within the community structures. This case study examines how the WMS communities enhance community resilience across a complex social system starting at the individual level and then extending to physically close environmental relationships. These complex community structures provided a lens to focus on identifying the initial stages for resilient community connectivity. Observing these connections provided a basis for developing a synthesised model based on discussions in previous literature reviews. The processes involved with the model development included the critical roles, impacts and evolution of the World Music School community. This article argues that systemic change can happen when small but fundamental changes are longitudinally obtained through bottom‐up approaches. The WMS communities have displayed the potential to make a difference towards connectivity and subsequent community resilience, beginning with the individual and extending to the overall social ecological system level.