Levels Of Social Desirability Research Articles

The Impact of Psychological Burdens and Vaccine Worries on Confidence and Adherence to Governmental Policies Against COVID-19 Among Patients with Substance Use Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study in Taiwan.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had an impact on patients with substance use disorder (SUD). We aimed to investigate factors associated with confidence and adherence to governmental policies against COVID-19 (social desirability) among patients with SUD. This cross-sectional study was conducted during 2020 to 2021. Patients with SUD and healthy controls were recruited. The severity of sleep disturbance, social desirability, drug dependence, vaccine worries, other psychological burdens and demographic variables were collected through self-administrated questionnaires. Differences between the SUD and control groups were estimated. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to identify significant relationships between social desirability and other factors. In total, 58 of patients with SUD and 47 healthy controls were recruited. The patients with SUD had a lower level of social desirability and more severe sleep disturbance than the control group. Older age, more severe sleep disturbance, lower level of drug dependence, and lower level of vaccine worries were significantly associated with a higher level of social desirability among the patients with SUD. Our results show the importance of timely interventions for drug dependence and to address vaccine worries in patients with SUD.

The Association Between Social Desirability and Competitive Anxiety in Young Football Players with Different Qualifications

Background. Sports performance anxiety is understood as a tendency to respond with cognitive or physical anxiety in competitive situations where the athlete's performance can be assessed. Objective. To investigate the role of social desirability and competitive anxiety in male football players with varying levels of skill. The study had two main objectives: first, to assess the levels of social desirability and competitive anxiety in two different groups, and second, to compare the levels of social desirability and competitive anxiety between highly skilled and less skilled players and explore their relationship. Design. Participants were divided into highly skilled (n = 39) and less skilled (n = 39) football players. The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire was used to assess the participants’ social desirability bias. The Sport Competition Anxiety Test assessed the level of competitive anxiety. The t-test for independent samples was used to compare social desirability and competitive anxiety between the groups. A linear regression model was used to determine if social desirability could predict anxiety levels among the players. Results. The t-test showed that highly skilled players have a lower level of competitive anxiety than less skilled participants. However, social desirability did not show a statistically significant difference between the highly skilled and less skilled football players. The regression analysis showed a statistically significant association between social desirability and competitive anxiety (inverse relation) in both groups. Conclusion. Highly skilled football players demonstrated less competitive anxiety than less skilled ones. Lower levels of competitive anxiety are associated with higher social desirability among football players in both groups.

A study of the relationship between social desirability and competitive anxiety among soccer players

This study investigated temperament, social desirability, and anxiety in professional and amateur male soccer players. The goal of this study was to compare social desirability among professional and amateur soccer players and its association with temperament and competitive anxiety. Participants (n = 78) were equally divided into professional and amateur players. The EPQ (Eysenck Personality Questionnaire) was used to assess the participants' temperament and social desirability. Additionally, the SCAT (Sport Competition Anxiety Test) was completed by the participants to reveal their anxiety levels. The temperament types were compared using Yates's correction for continuity, while a linear regression model was used to determine if social desirability could predict anxiety levels among the players. The study found that both groups had dominant sanguine and choleric temperaments, which corresponded to extraversion. The ANOVA showed a statistically significant difference in competitive anxieties between the two groups (p<0.03). The results of the regression analysis revealed a statistically significant relationship with a negative slope between social desirability and competitive anxiety in professional players (p<0.021) and amateur players (p<0.015). The data illustrate that the professional and amateur levels of soccer players are not dependent on the predictive effect of social desirability on competitive anxiety; however, it was only associated with constant sports activities. Thus, it was revealed that as the level of social desirability among soccer players increases, the level of their competitive anxiety decreases.

The Social Dynamics of Fun: Can Fun Youth Bring Peers Together and Positively Influence Their Friends?

There is a critical gap in our understanding of how peer relationships contribute to positive youth development. To address this gap the current study uses longitudinal social network data to examine if fun youth were socially desirable, inclusive of peers, and positive agents of social influence during the transition to adolescence. Participants were 210 students (47% female; Mage = 11.55 years at the outset) from 8 classes in 3 schools in a small Lithuanian city. Each child received a fun score consisting of nominations from classmates as "someone who is fun to be around". Participants also nominated up to five classmates as friends. Fun students received more friendship nominations than their peers and they maintained higher levels of social desirability over time. Fun youth appeared to be inclusive of their peers in that fun youth did not appear to have preferences to befriend only those like themselves. The friends of fun youth were positively influenced such that they were perceived to be more fun over time. The findings suggests that fun youth may promote positive social change within peer groups.

Individual differences in self-reported lie detection abilities.

Previous literature on lie detection abilities bears an interesting paradox. On the group level, people detect others' lies at guessing level. However, when asked to evaluate their own abilities, people report being able to detect lies (i.e., self-reported lie detection). Understanding this paradox is important because decisions which rely on credibility assessment and deception detection can have serious implications (e.g., trust in others, legal issues). In two online studies, we tested whether individual differences account for variance in self-reported lie detection abilities. We assessed personality traits (Big-Six personality traits, Dark Triad), empathy, emotional intelligence, cultural values, trust level, social desirability, and belief in one's own lie detection abilities. In both studies, mean self-reported lie detection abilities were above chance level. Then, lower out-group trust and higher social desirability levels predicted higher self-reported lie detection abilities. These results suggest that social trust and norms shape our beliefs about our own lie detection abilities.

Agreement Between Measures of Adherence to Isoniazid Preventive Therapy Among People With HIV in Uganda.

Isoniazid (INH) preventative therapy is recommended for people with HIV (PWH) in resource-constrained settings. Valid measures are needed to assess adherence. We aimed to examine agreement between measures overall and by level of social desirability. PWH with latent tuberculosis (TB) were recruited in Mbarara, Uganda. Past 30-day adherence was measured by the number of days with pill bottle openings using a medication event monitoring system (MEMS) and self-reported number of days pills taken. INH concentration (INH plus acetyl INH and their ratio) in hair samples was measured. We used Bland-Altman plots to examine agreement between adherence measures and calculated the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) to determine if INH hair concentration predicted optimal MEMS-measured adherence (≥90%). A total of 301 participants enrolled; 92% were virologically suppressed, and adherence was high. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) number of pill bottle openings in 30 days was 28 (24-30) compared with 30 (28-30) via self-report. The median INH concentration (IQR) was 36.2 (17.2-62.4), and the INH:acetyl ratio was 2.43 (0.99-3.92). Agreement between self-reported and MEMS adherence was greater at more optimal adherence levels. INH:acetyl INH ratio was not predictive of optimal adherence according to MEMS (AUROC, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.52-0.72) in a subset (n = 161). Lower MEMS adherence levels compared with self-report suggest the need for objective adherence measures. Biologic measures have potential, although in this study INH concentration was not predictive of MEMS measured adherence. More data are needed to assess the accuracy of biologic measures.

The Influence of Social Desirability on Sexual Behavior Surveys: A Review

Research in fields for which self-reported behaviors can be compared with factual data reveals that misreporting is pervasive and often extreme. The degree of misreporting is correlated with the level of social desirability, i.e., the need to respond in a culturally appropriate manner. People who are influenced by social desirability tend to over-report culturally desired behaviors and under-report undesired behaviors. This paper reviews socially desirable responding in sexual behavior research. Given the very private nature of the sexual activity, sex researchers generally lack a gold standard by which to compare self-reported sexual behaviors and have relied on the anonymity of participants as the methodology to assure honest answers on sexual behavior surveys. However, indirect evidence indicates that under-reporting (e.g., of a number of sexual partners, receptive anal intercourse, condom use) is common. Among the general population, several studies have now reported that even with anonymous responding, there are significant correlations between a variety of self-reported sexual behaviors (e.g., use of condoms, sexual fantasies, exposure to pornography, penis size) and social desirability, with evidence that extreme under- or over-reporting is as common as is found in other fields. When asking highly sensitive questions, sex researchers should always include a measure of social desirability and take that into account when analyzing their results.

Variability of the Social Desirability Levels in Children with Psoriasis

The objective: to evaluate the level of social desirability in children with psoriasis and its correlation with personal data and clinico-epidemiological features of the dermatosis. Materials and methods. The levels of social desirability in children 8–12 years old with psoriasis were assessed by the social desirability subscale according to the CMAS questionnaire adapted by A.M. Prikhozhan. The dependence of the social desirability levels on the child’s personal data and clinico-epidemiological characteristics of psoriasis was analysed. The study materials were statistically processed using the StatTech v. 1.2.0 software. Results. Only 2 out of 54 children with psoriasis had a critical level of social desirability equal to 9 points, forming the average social desirability level of 3 [3.0–6.75]. In the male children, the social desirability level was more than 2 times lower than in female children (р<0.001), and in children with an increased body mass index (7 [5.0–7.0]), the levels were significantly higher than in children with a normal body mass index (3 [2.0–4.0]) (р<0.001). In two-parent families, the social desirability level was significantly lower than in single-parent families (р<0.001). In addition, statistically significant differences between the groups with respect to the pathological process spread (р=0.002) and the clinical forms of dermatosis (р<0.001) were established. The highest level of social desirability was observed in children with psoriasis of the scalp (6.0 [5.0–7.0]). It was found that in the group of boys with psoriasis, the social desirability level had increased with the child’s age (r=0.906; p<0.001), and in the group of girls, the social desirability level was significantly higher in case of prolonged disease exacerbation (7.0 [6.0–7.0]) compared to the exacerbation lasting up to 4 weeks (3.0 [2.0–4.0]) (p=0.021). Conclusions. In children 8-12 years old with psoriasis, social desirability level is within the normal range, but the variability in its level was found, which was depended of different factors – childs’ personal characteristics, and clinical features of the pathological process. The level of social desirability depends on the gender, body mass index and the childs’ family composition. The components of the pathological process that determine the level of social desirability in children with psoriasis at the age of 8-12 years is the severity of psoriasis, the clinical form of dermatosis and the duration of the exacerbation of psoriasis for girls.

Social Desirability Bias Impacts Self-Reported Alcohol Use Among Persons With HIV in Uganda.

Self-report is widely used to assess alcohol use in research and clinical practice, but may be subject to social desirability bias. We aimed to determine if social desirability impacts self-reported alcohol use. Among 751 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients from a clinic in southwestern Uganda, we measured social desirability using the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (SDS) Short Form C, self-reported alcohol use (prior 3months) Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C), and phosphatidylethanol (PEth), a biomarker of prior 3weeks' drinking. We conducted multiple regression analyses to assess the relationship between SDS score (low, medium, and high levels) and (i) any self-reported recent alcohol use, among those who were PEth-positive (≥8ng/ml), and (ii) continuous AUDIT-C score, among those reporting any recent alcohol use. We controlled for PEth level, age, gender, education, economic assets, marital status, religion, spirituality/religiosity, social support, and study cohort. Of 751 participants, 59% were women; the median age was 31years (interquartile range [IQR]: 26 to 39). Median SDS score was 9 (IQR: 4 to 10). Two-thirds (62%) self-reported any recent alcohol use; median AUDIT-C was 1 (IQR: 0 to 4). Among those who were PEth-positive (57%), 13% reported no recent alcohol use. Those with the highest SDS tertile had decreased odds of reporting any recent alcohol use compared to the lowest tertile, but the association did not reach statistical significance in multivariable analyses (adjusted odds ratio 0.55 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.25, 1.23]). Among participants self-reporting recent alcohol use, SDS level was negatively associated with AUDIT-C scores (adjusted β: -0.70 [95% CI: -1.19, -0.21] for medium vs. low SDS and -1.42 [95% CI: -2.05, -0.78] for high vs. low SDS). While use of objective measures (e.g., alcohol biomarkers) is desirable for measuring alcohol use, SDS scores may be used to adjust self-reported drinking levels by participants' level of social desirability in HIV research studies.

Faktorová štruktúra a reliabilita škály na meranie morálnej identity. Prvé skúsenosti s metodikou Self-Importance of Moral Identity Scale v slovenskom preklade

The aim of the research was to verify the psychometric properties of Self-Importance of Moral Identity Scale (MIS) in the Slovak translation. Reliability and factor structure were verified for data from two studies (N = 210). EFA has obtained a two-factor solution with satisfactory reliability values for both MIS factors – Internalization (α = .759) and Symbolization (α = .807). In the first study (N = 101), we noticed the association of Internalization with subjective happiness and higher scores of both MIS subscales in women. In the second study (N = 111), we noticed the relative independence of moral identity from the level of social desirability and the different pattern of characteristics of Symbolization and Internalization. Internalization was positively related to prosocial moral judgement, negatively to moral disengagement, deception and sociometric status. The correlations of symbolization and other variables were either contradictory (deception, sociometric status, altruistic moral judgement) or notably different. The possibilities for interpretations are discussed in the discussion.

Social Desirability and Young Men’s Self-Reports of Penis Size

Previous studies demonstrate that many men have insecurities about the size of their penises, often resulting in low sexual self-esteem and sexual problems. In the present study, mean self-reported erect penis length by 130 sexually experienced college men (6.62 inches) was greater than found in previous studies in which researchers took measurements. This suggests that many of the men embellished their responses. Only 26.9% of the sexually experienced men self-reported penis lengths of less than 6 inches, while 30.8% self-reported lengths of 7 inches or more (with 10% self-reporting 8 inches or more). The correlation with Marlowe–Crowne social desirability scores was +.257 (p < .01), indicating that men with a high level of social desirability were more likely than others to self-report having a large penis.

Диагностика моральных оснований: апробация русскоязычной версии опросника MFQ

Введение. Разработанный на основе теории моральных оснований Дж. Хайдта «Опросник моральных оснований» (MFQ) стал популярным инструментом в зарубежных исследованиях морали. Он включает пять соответствующих моральным основаниям шкал: «забота», «справедливость», «лояльность группе», «уважение» и «чистота». Несмотря на умеренную надежность шкал, методика может оказаться полезной для исследования моральных основ социальных стереотипов и политических убеждений в русскоязычных выборках, а также для разработки отечественных методик диагностики моральной сферы. В данном исследовании впервые представлены психометрические характеристики русскоязычной версии опросника моральных оснований и приведены новые данные о связи моральных оснований с другими качествами.&#x0D; Методы. Для проверки валидности предложенной русскоязычной версии опросника моральных оснований использовались «Портретный ценностный опросник» (Ш. Шварц) и «Короткий опросник Темной триады», направленный на измерение макиавеллизма, психопатии и нарциссизма (М. С. Егорова и др.). Для анализа подверженности ответов тенденции к социальной желательности использовался опросник социальной желательности BIDR (адаптация Е. Н. Осина). Социально-демографические характеристики были выявлены с помощью специальной анкеты.&#x0D; Результаты. По итогам апробации адаптированной версии методики на выборке из 354 человек сделаны выводы об умеренной надежности пяти первичных шкал (0.62–0.68) и хорошей надежности шкал второго уровня (0.79–0.84). Факторная структура русскоязычной версии показывает удовлетворительное соответствие оригиналу. Выявлена умеренная подверженность ответов тенденции к социальной желательности. Анализ валидности показал, что шкалы моральных оснований и шкалы второго уровня («этика автономии» и «этика сообщества») демонстрируют ожидаемые связи с ценностями, негативными чертами личности, религиозностью и полом.&#x0D; Обсуждение результатов. Особенностью русскоязычной версии является наличие прямых связей между индивидуализирующими и сплачивающими моральными основаниями. Тем не менее, остальные результаты хорошо соответствуют предсказаниям теории моральных оснований и выводам, полученным в зарубежных исследованиях.

Body‐Worn Cameras and Policing: A List Experiment of Citizen Overt and True Support

Abstract Police body‐worn cameras (BWCs) have gained popularity in recent years. However, many minimize the complexity of this transparency initiative and elevate the potential benefits. While BWCs can promote police accountability, they may also reduce citizen trust in police organizations. For BWCs to achieve win‐win solutions, police organizations should determine the level of citizen support for specific BWC practices. However, measuring citizen support presents several challenges. Social desirability may impact polling results, as participants underreport responses they perceive to be outside the norm. The authors employ a list experiment design to measure true citizen support for BWC practices. They find statistically significant levels of social desirability for police discretion in the activation of BWCs and for restriction of footage accessibility regarding suspects with mental illness. Decision makers should not rely on public opinion polls as a gauge of true citizen support for BWC use.

Struggling to be liked: The prospective effect of trait self-control on social desirability and the moderating role of agreeableness.

Drawing from the literature on the interpersonal functions of self-control, we examined longitudinal associations between trait self-control and social desirability, using a survey of the general population in the Netherlands. Trait self-control at baseline was positively associated with social desirability at a follow-up, even when controlling for prior levels of social desirability. That is, high self-control contributed to individuals' tendency to give socially desirable responses in self-reports. This effect was moderated by individual differences in agreeableness. Highly agreeable individuals were more likely to "use" their self-regulatory resources to respond in a socially desirable manner, compared to less agreeable individuals, suggesting that individuals might use self-regulatory resources in a way consistent with the motivational bases of their personality.

Study of Social Desirability Levels of Female Youth Camp Leader Candidates in Accordance with Some Variables

The aim of the study examination of the study of social desirability levels of female youth camp leader candiadets in according with some variables. The study the scope of the research consists of 326 female trainees participated in the relevant course of youth camp leader candidates, depending on the Youth and Sport Ministry. As a measurement tool in the research, Akin (2010)’s “Social Desirability Scale” was used. In accordance with the results of the study; a significant difference was found in youth camp leader candidates opinions about social desirability levels towards the education background variable (F=5,520, p=0,001>0,05). Another result of the research was that there was not a significant difference in youth camp leader candidates’ opinions about social desirability levels towards the profession variable (F=1,895, p=0,060>0,05). Towards the scale responses from the participants. According to this result, the scale can be considered to be reliable. Following this, for total points from the scales “Self-Confidence” and “Social Desirability”, parametric independent groups t-test, one way variance analysis (ANOVA) and complementary analysis techniques (Tukey if variances were homogeneous, Tamhane’s T2 if variances were not homogeneous) were used in the variables showing a normal distribution. The data was resolved in SPSS 22.0 program, the significance levels were regarded as p<0,05.

Testing the Level of Social Desirability During Job Interview on White-Collar Profession.

Social desirability as a tendency to present oneself in a better light rather than in a truthful manner is common feature presented during job interviews. Previous studies mainly focused on blue-collar professions and therefore authors researched contrary set of white-collar professions in three sub-studies with four different participant groups (legal professions; police officers; controls and university students influenced by scenarios; overall N = 636). It was hypothesized that candidates for legal profession would show similar tendency toward social desirability, when compared with controls. Furthermore, police officers were hypothesized to show similar levels of social desirability as legal professions. Lastly, participants in the instruction manipulation condition were hypothesized to show increased levels of social desirability in tender situation as compared to the honest situation. All groups were tested with balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR, Paulhus, 1984). Statistical analyses revealed statistically significant differences for both subscales of BIDR when comparing legal professions and control group. Similarly, increased levels of social desirability were detected in police officer candidates as well as in university students in the tender situation compared with students in the honest situation. The overall results indicated that it is typical for white-collar candidates to adapt to the testing situation and it cannot be expected to see different behavior from legal profession candidates as was originally expected.

НАУКОВЕ ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ ОСНОВНИХ ПІДХОДІВ ДО МОТИВАЦІЇ ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧНИХ ПРАЦІВНИКІВ

&lt;p&gt;УДК: 615.15:005.32:331.101.3&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;SCIENTIFIC GROUND OF BASIC GOING IS NEAR MOTIVATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL WORKERS &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;N.V. Teterich &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;National university of pharmacy, Kharkov&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Entry.&lt;/strong&gt; Now as plain as a pikestaff is that for the sake of achievement of success in competitive activity at the pharmaceutical market very a necessity is bringing in of highly skilled pharmaceutical shots, in fact it is known that efficiency of any activity directly depends on a beautifully neat personnel.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A research purpose is an analysis of social psychology factors and ground of the basic going near the increase of motivation of pharmaceutical workers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Research methods.&lt;/strong&gt; For the decision of the put purpose testing of pharmaceutical workers was applied after the selected psychological methods which determine the factors of social orientation them labor motivation is a level of motivation to approval after the method of D. Kroun-D. Marlou, and also level of motivation to success after the method of Т. Elersa. As a result of the conducted research generalization of independent descriptions of specialists was carried out.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results and discussions. &lt;/strong&gt;During research the selective complex questioning was conducted 30 pharmacists of pharmacy establishments of different boroughs ofKharkov after these methods. Before working 30 polling cards of tests were accepted on every method offered to specialists.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A level of motivation to approval is one of major necessities of man from satisfaction of which depends it internal self-awareness and position in a group. Substantial influence has thus this type of motivation on quality of interpersonality mutual relations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Results of working of information are after the method of D. KROUNA-D. Marlou set that swingeing majority of specialists - 22 the polled (73,33%) is had middle level of motivation to approval. Only three specialists - 10% specialists have a low level of motivation to approval. Usually these workers are a conflict and independent of ideas from the side of circumferential, that can put them out of social approval.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Finally, five the polled (16,67 %) is had high motivation to approval. These specialists do not have denials in relation to labor, restrain the aggressive reactions, and need enhanceable intercourse.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The analysis of testing of pharmaceutical workers set after the method of T. Elersa, that for specialists with the high level of social desirability the low level of motivation absents to success; the middle level of motivation to success appeared at 3 респондентів (60%) and high level to motivation present for 2 specialists (40 %). Thus superfluously high level of motivation to success with specialists with the high level of motivation lack of to approval.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A level of motivation to success of workers with the middle level of social desirability is such: low level of motivation to success in this investigated lack of in group of specialists; a middle level of motivation is to success with 15 respondents (68,18%); high level to motivation present for five specialists (22,73%); ever-higher level of motivation to success with two specialists - 9, 09%.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A level of motivation to success of pharmaceutical specialists with the low level of motivation to approval is following: low level of motivation to success in this investigated group lack of of specialists also; 2 specialists has a middle level of motivation to success (66,67%); high level of motivation to success with one specialists (33,33%).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;The analysis of literary sources rotined on questions professional motivation of pharmaceutical workers&lt;strong&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;that study of going near professional motivation in pharmacy&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;not used practically.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;The analysis of individual indexes of motivation of labor activity of pharmaceutical workers of social psychology direction is carried out&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Certainly straight proportional dependence of social desirability of specialists with the level of their motivation to success.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;

Research on social desirability levels of individuals with disabilities living in the province of batman in terms of the various variables

Research on social desirability levels of individuals with disabilities living in the province of batman in terms of the various variables

Quality of life, social desirability and their relationship in opium addicted persons in southeast of Iran.

Background and Aim:Addiction leads to many problems which may adversely affect addicted people, their families and impose health care agencies with many challenges. This study aimed to examined quality of life (QoL), social desirability and their relationship among opium addicted persons in southeast of Iran.Material and Methods:In a cross-sectional study conducted from September 2012 to January 2013, 123 addicted people were studied. Date collection tools were; checklist of demographic data, Iranian version of the 36-item short form QoL (SF-36) and Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MC-SDS).Results:While mean score of QoL was 60.4±29.5, mean score of social desirability were 14.2±3.7. Low, moderate and high levels of social desirability were observed in 4.9%, 90.2% and 4.9% of participants, respectively. Pearson’s correlation were not significant between mean score of social desirability and mean score of QoL (p=0.969, r=0.004).Conclusion:Addicted participants of present study showed a moderate level of QoL and social desirability, without any significant relationship between QoL and social desirability. Further research is suggested in addicts with social and cultural differences.

Test-Retest Reliability of a Short Form of the Children's Social Desirability Scale for Nutrition and Health-related Research

To examine test-retest reliability and internal consistency of the Children's Social Desirability Short (CSD-S) scale, consisting of 14 items from the Children's Social Desirability scale. The previously validated CSD-S scale was classroom administered to 97 fourth-grade children (80% African American; 76% low socioeconomic status) in 2 sessions a month apart. Each classroom administration lasted approximately 5 minutes. The CSD-S scale showed acceptable levels of test-retest reliability (0.70) and internal consistency (.82 and .85 for the first and second administrations, respectively). Reliability was adequate within subgroups of gender, socioeconomic status, academic achievement, and body mass index percentile. Levels of social desirability did not differ across subgroups. Social desirability bias is a potential source of systematic response error in children's self-report assessments of nutrition and health-related behaviors. The CSD-S scale may be used with diverse groups of children to reliably and efficiently assess social desirability bias.