Skill Level Research Articles

ОТНОШЕНИЕ К ВАКЦИНАЦИИ ДЕТСКИХ ГАСТРОЭНТЕРОЛОГОВ И РЕВМАТОЛОГОВ ПО РЕЗУЛЬТАТАМ АНОНИМНОГО ОНЛАЙН-ОПРОСА

Vaccination of patients with immune-mediated diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), is an actual problem since these patients have an increased risk of developing infectious complications due to immunosuppressive therapy and features of the disease itself. The specialists’ attitude towards vaccination of patients with autoimmune inflammatory diseases has changed dramatically over the past decades: from complete refusal previously to almost complete implementation of the vaccine complex and the use of vaccines outside the national immunization schedule as of now. The purpose of this research was to assess the current attitude of pediatric gastroenterologists (PGs) and rheumatologists (PRs) towards vaccination of patients with IBD and JIA, to study their levels of knowledge and practical skills in this area using the anonymous online survey. Materials and methods used: an anonymous survey of 97 pediatric practitioners was conducted, of which 51 were PGs and 46 PRs. The questionnaire included questions about the physicians’ themselves (gender, experience, facility, academic degree) and their knowledge and approaches to vaccination of patients with IBD and JIA with live and inactivated vaccines during different stages of therapy. Results: most physicians believed that immune-inflammatory diseases are not provoked by vaccination (88% of PGs and 69.6% of PRs). A significant group of physicians (40.3% of PGs and 36.9% of PRs) consider vaccination with live vaccines safe for patients with IBD/JIA in remission while receiving immunosuppressive therapy. Most physicians consider vaccination with live vaccines unsafe in the state of active disease (80.4% of PGs and 71.8% of PRs). Outside of remission, physicians vaccinate such patients with live vaccines extremely rarely. A significant portion of physicians (32.0% of PGs and 21.7% of PRs) do not participate in vaccination considering it the responsibility of primary care pediatric practitioners/family physicians. Still, a significant portion of physicians (18.0% of PGs and 47.8% of PRs) actively discourage vaccination in general during the treatment of an immune-inflammatory disease. Determining antibodies to vaccines before starting immunosuppressive therapy/vaccination is considered appropriate by only 35.2%/47.0% of PGs and 32.5%/67.3% of PRs (р=0,885/0,110, respectively). Some physicians believe that vaccination can provoke an exacerbation of IBD/JIA (13.7%/21.6% of PGs and 21.7%/34.8% of PRs answered in affirmative or “rather yes than no,” respectively). Conclusion: the study revealed a differentiated attitude towards vaccination issues between PGs and PRs. Additional efforts needed in order to change the attitude of physicians of different specialties towards vaccination.

MENTORING IN THE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

ANNOTATION Rationale. During the period of rapid development of science and medical technologies, the professional and working environment is faced with the urgent task of finding mechanisms and tools for increasing the level of professional competencies and practical skills of medical specialists in the process of professional socialization. The sociological study conducted by the authors was focused on identifying factors of successful/unsuccessful professional socialization of young medical specialists, one of which is mentoring. Purpose of the study. Determining the role of the mentoring institution as a factor influencing the success/failure of professional socialization of medical specialists. Materials and methods. A survey was conducted among clinical residents of the Far Eastern State Medical University. A total of 184 respondents were interviewed using a questionnaire using a Google form. To solve the research problems, methods of analysis, comparison and generalization of the obtained data, analysis of regulatory documents, survey results and secondary data from sociological research were used. At the level of data processing and work with source material, descriptive statistics methods provided by SPSS and EXCEL software were used. Results. In the course of a sociological study conducted by the authors, the most pressing problems of introducing and implementing mentoring practices in the healthcare system were identified. The role of the mentoring institution as a socializing factor influencing the success/failure of professional socialization of medical specialists is also determined. The study formulates tasks for further research into the process of professional socialization of medical specialists from the point of view of identifying factors of a positive and destructive nature, and the role of socialization institutions in this process. Conclusion. Problems in the implementation of mentoring practices in healthcare related to the low mentoring activity of practicing medical specialists have been identified. A special need for the implementation of mentoring practices was identified at the stage of postgraduate training (clinical residency) by 83% of respondents and at the stage of starting independent professional work by 61% of respondents. Respondents expressed a positive attitude towards the introduction of mentoring in healthcare: 90% of respondents indicated that having a mentor when obtaining a medical specialty is mandatory.

Structural Contrast in William Blake’s “The Tyger” and “The Lamb”

Structuralism is a theory focusing on analyzing the structure of a text and the relationship between the elements in order to get the meaning of literary works. Binary opposition is an important concept of structuralism, it is a concept or idea that can gain meaning through its relationship with its opposite. William Blake’s “The Tyger” and the “The Lamb” are two poems contain a lot of meaning that opposites each other. This study address several aspects related to the binary opposition of structuralism in the poems “The Tyger” and “The Lamb” by William Blake: (1) The structural elements in the poems “The Tyger” and “The Lamb” by William Blake. (2) The way “The Tyger” and “The Lamb” by William Blake employ binary oppositions in their structure to convey contrasting themes. (3) The influence of binary opposition on the overall meaning and interpretation of “The Tyger” and “The Lamb” by William Blake. (4) The benefits of using structuralism in poetry for language teaching, and how these can be addressed in teacher training programs. This study applied a qualitative method and context-oriented approach. This study shows that by utilizing structural elements, thematic explorations, tone, language style, and binary oppositions, Blake develops two mutually enhancing yet opposing perspectives on creation and divine existence. The strong and frightening Tyger is in stark contrast with the meek and pure Lamb, representing the intricate nature of life and the various facets of spirituality. This resistance goes beyond just the use of animal imagery, affecting the themes, tone, and language in every poem. Blake prompts readers to confront the contradictions of existence by juxtaposing light with darkness, innocence with experience, and nature with divinity. Studying poetry can be difficult because of different levels of literary skill, teaching methods, and tools, but it provides many academic benefits. Poetry nurtures a greater love for literature, improves creative skills and critical thinking, and aids.

Skill progress during a dedicated societal robotic surgery training curriculum including several robotic surgery platforms.

Robot-assisted procedures are increasingly common, and several systems are available for thoraco-abdominal surgery. Specific structured training is necessary, while access to these systems is still limited. This study aimed to assess surgeons' skill progress during consecutive training days of a curriculum with exposure to different robotic systems. This prospective observational study enrolled 47 surgeons with anonymized analysis of SimNow™ simulator performance scores and dedicated questionnaires after written consent. The primary outcome was the overall score, based on economy of motion, time to complete the exercise, and penalty for errors. Course participants in 2022-2023 had chosen 2 full hands-on days on Da Vinci® consoles with either virtual reality (VR) simulation training using the SimNow (n = 21, 44.7%) or digestive surgery procedures with a live animal model (n = 26, 55.3%). In all participants, training on Da Vinci® systems included console functions and principles of docking, camera, and instrument use for console and procedural training. They additionally had access to introductory dry-lab and VR simulator exercises on the Versius, HugoTMRAS, and Dexter systems and to VR exercises on the ROBOTiS simulator. The participants (16F/31M, median age 40years, range 29-58) from various surgical specialties (general/visceral/vascular) had no (n = 35, 74.5%) or little (n = 12, 25.5%) robotic experience including bedside assistance only and 20 (42.6%) had robotic simulator experience. The demographic variables fully completed by 44/47 participants (93.6%) and choice of module had no significant impact on the primary outcome. The considerable performance improvement from days 1 to 2 was exemplified by a significantly increased economy of motion and decreased amount of excessive force. Robotic surgical training is increasingly complex with several systems on the market. Within a dedicated robotic surgery curriculum and based on integrated performance metrics, a significant improvement of skill levels was observed in a relatively short period of time.

Developing Children's Motor Skills by Having Fun With Orff's Approach.

Environmental factors have a clear effect on children's motor development and can be manipulated; while biological factors are also powerfully influential, they are more resistant to intervention. Especially in restrictive environments (e.g., the recent pandemic-related shutdown), there can be increased importance to simple, fun, at-home, indoor programs. In this study, we investigated the effects on motor skill development of a movement education program based on the Orff approach, which has long been used in music education. This was an experimental research design involving 78 children, aged 6-7years old, in two groups (Control Group, n = 39; Experimental Group, n = 39). We used a simple randomization method to determine the groups. We measured the children's skill levels with the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2), and we analyzed data using 2 × 2 repeated-measures analyses of variance (ANOVA). Our results revealed significantly greater improvement in the children's scores on object control (p < .001), locomotor skills (p < .001), and total TGMD-2 (p < .001) in the experimental group than in the control group. Thus, programs designed with music and rhythm can help ensure that children have fun and are better motivated to participate in activities that have a positive effect on their motor skills.

CALMER Conflict: A Novel Curriculum for Graduating Medical Students to Manage and Defuse Patient-Provider Conflict.

Workplace violence disproportionately affects healthcare workers and verbal aggression from patients frequently occurs. While verbal de-escalation is the first-line approach to defusing anger, there is a lack of consistent curricula or robust evaluation in undergraduate medical education. To develop a medical school curriculum focused on de-escalation skills for adult patients and evaluate effectiveness with surveys and an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). We implemented this curriculum in the "Get Ready for Residency Bootcamp" of a single large academic institution in 2023. Forty-four fourth-year medical students PROGRAM DESCRIPTION: The curriculum consisted of an interactive didactic focused on our novel CALMER framework that prioritized six evidence-based de-escalation skills and a separate standardized patient practice session. The post-curriculum survey (82% response rate) found a significant increase from 2.79 to 4.11 out of 5 (p ≤ 0.001) in confidence using verbal de-escalation. Preparedness improved with every skill and curriculum satisfaction averaged 4.79 out of 5. The OSCE found no differences in skill level between students who received the curriculum and those who did not. This evidence-based and replicable de-escalation skill curriculum improves medical student confidence and preparedness in managing agitated patients.

Research-related knowledge, understanding and practice in public mental health: the voices of social workers and occupational therapists

IntroductionPrevious studies have explored facilitators and barriers to research conducted by allied health professionals in general medical settings. Since the mental health system is acknowledged to be significantly under-funded and more poorly functioning than general medical services, it is unclear whether the published facilitators and barriers also apply to mental health settings. This study sought to explore the research-related knowledge, understanding and practices of allied mental health clinicians based in a large public mental health service.MethodsA mixed methods study recruited 59 occupational therapists and social workers working in a dedicated metropolitan public mental health service in Melbourne, Australia. Quantitative survey results are reported elsewhere. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 survey responder volunteers. Thematic analysis was conducted on the qualitative survey and interview data.ResultsFour main themes were identified: research must connect with clinical practice; fragments of knowledge; research in practice; and research is not part of my professional identity. The third theme, research in practice, comprised four subthemes: no time for research in clinical roles, missing communication, lack of ownership, and what I need to do research.ConclusionsThis study found that research and research-related activities were not considered part of the mental health social workers and occupational therapists’ professional identities. Dealing with this issue may be instrumental to the realization of these clinicians’ professional peak-body associations’ code of practice and to government mandated practice standards. We provided several strategies to encourage both clinicians and services to view research-related activities as an everyday part of clinical roles. This is especially important if we think of allied health evidence-based practice requiring a reasonable level of research-related skills and/or competencies to appraise, practice, evaluate and adapt their evidence-based practice.

The Effect Of Assemblr Edu Learning Media On Social Science Learning Outcomes

This research aims to determine the influence of the Assembir Edu learning media on the learning outcomes of class IV science class Mis Nurus Salam Deli Tua. This research method is a quantitative research method using a gore pernental (quasi-experimental) research design, in the form of a non-equivalent conventional group design. The sample for this research is all class IV Mis Nurus Salam Deli Tua, totaling 53 students with the experimental class class IV A with a total of 26 students and class IV B as a control class with a total of 27 students. The data collection method in this research was a multiple choice session consisting of 20 data analysis tests which were used statistically through a single test for two independent samples (dependent samples, the results of the study showed that the Zembo El learning media has an effect on the science and science learning outcomes for class IV, Mis Nurus Salam Deli Tua. Descriptively, the average posture score for the control class is 57,04, which is smaller and the average market value for the experimental class is 73,85. Furthermore, the unit hypothesis result is 5,10 &gt; 2,01. with a significant level of 5% or 005 which means Ho is processed and Ha is received. Thus, statistically it can be stated that Amit's learning media has an equally significant effect on increasing the level of science learning skills for class IV science students. Mis Nurus Salam Deli Tua.

A Comparative Study of Trauma Management Education Using Traditional and Combined Methods with Instructional Videos on the Knowledge and Skills of Medical Students

Background: Improving the knowledge and skills of medical students using new educational methods to deal with trauma can help reduce the mortality and morbidity of injured patients. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effect of traditional training with combined trauma management training using educational videos on the knowledge and skills of medical interns at Mashhad University in 2021. Methods: This educational intervention study involved two groups during the academic year 2019 - 2020. Eighty-seven medical interns participated over a six-month period and were randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group. Data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire, a clinical skills checklist covering seven skills, and a pretest-posttest MCQ test. Statistical tests used included the independent univariate test and multiple linear regression, analyzed with Stata Ver 17 software. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The average knowledge score of the intervention and control groups before the intervention was 12.09 ± 3.06 and 13.00 ± 3.01, respectively. After the intervention, the average knowledge score was 14.84 ± 3.30 in the intervention group and 15 ± 2.98 in the control group. The average skill score of the students before the intervention in the intervention and control groups was 7.00 ± 2.67 and 7.56 ± 2.42, respectively. After the intervention, the skill score was 10.67 ± 3.70 in the intervention group and 8.72 ± 3.46 in the control group. Conclusions: Although the advanced trauma life support course in Iran is relatively new, its positive impact on increasing the skills of medical students suggests a need to review traditional teaching methods. Incorporating new combined methods could enhance the quality of education and improve the skill levels of young doctors.

Needs and expectations of healthcare professionals regarding the topic of alcohology: Results of a survey conducted in France in 2022

ContextAlcohol-related health problems represent a significant public health concern, and it is imperative for the healthcare team to accurately perceive and detect these issues to provide appropriate care. The objective of this survey was to evaluate the knowledge, practices, and educational background of healthcare professionals in the field of alcohol-related health concerns, aiming to identify their information requirements. MethodsThis study employs a cross-sectional descriptive survey methodology, in which data were gathered through a digital questionnaire designed for healthcare professionals (including those in medical, paramedical, and medico-social professions) working in addictology services as well as other relevant services across France and its overseas departments. ResultsA total of 611 questionnaires were deemed usable for analysis. A considerable percentage of participants reported their knowledge and skills to be insufficient or very insufficient, with rates of 33 % and 36 %, respectively. Moreover, a significant proportion of respondents (≈ 28 %) stated that they had received no education in addictology. Our results highlight differences in levels of knowledge and competence among the various healthcare settings, notably with lower reported levels of satisfaction in hospital settings (public and private), private practice, and in Harm Reduction Centers. Furthermore, certain professions reported unsatisfactory levels of skills and knowledge in alcohol-related issues, particularly support staff, pharmacists, expert patients, administrative staff, and social workers. These findings suggest the need to enhance knowledge and skills by tailoring interventions according to the specific healthcare settings and professions. Additionally, the priority themes and channels for disseminating information varied depending on age, region, and professional category. ConclusionThis survey reveals a low level of knowledge, practice, and education in addictology, emphasizing the critical need for training. The importance of training extends not only to the priority topics addressed but also to the channels used for dissemination, all while customizing them to suit the age, professional category, structure, and region of healthcare professionals.

Large-Scale Assessments for Learning: A Human-Centred AI Approach to Contextualizing Test Performance

Large-scale assessments play a key role in education: educators and stakeholders need to know what students know and can do, so that they can be prepared for education policies and interventions in teaching and learning. However, a score from the assessment may not be enough—educators need to know why students got low scores, how students engaged with the tasks and the assessment, and how students with different levels of skills worked through the assessment. Process data, combined with response data, reflect students’ test-taking processes and can provide educators such rich information, but manually labelling the complex data is hard to scale for large-scale assessments. From scratch, we leveraged machine learning techniques (including supervised, unsupervised, and active learning) and experimented with a general human-centred AI approach to help subject matter experts efficiently and effectively make sense of big data (including students’ interaction sequences with the digital assessment platform, such as response, timing, and tool use sequences) to provide process profiles, that is, a holistic view of students’ entire test-taking processes on the assessment, so that performance can be viewed in context. Process profiles may help identify different sources for low performance and help generate rich feedback to educators and policy makers. The released National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) Grade 8 mathematics data were used to illustrate our proposed approach.

Spatial skills and observed leadership behaviour: a case study of dyadic teamwork in mechanical design

ABSTRACT This study explores the relationship between collaborative dynamics, expressed through observed leadership behaviour, and skills. It is based on the mechanical design activity of six dyads of students (post-secondary vocational training), composed of 11 boys and one girl, who are improving an existing mechanical system. Actions are studied using principal components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering to identify collaborative dynamics in teamwork and their links with scores in standardised spatial tests. Results reveal two profiles of collaboration characterised by two leadership styles, typically identified as autocratic leadership and participative leadership. We highlighted a relationship between leadership posture and spatial skills level, although leadership style does not seem to depend on the spatial skills of the teammates. In addition, we have implemented a methodology based on the actions initiated, to identify leadership posture and leadership styles. This methodology could be complementary to the one currently used and based on questionnaires.

From Novice to Expert: How Expertise Shapes Motor Variability in Sports Biomechanics-a Scoping Review.

With expertise, athletes develop motor strategies that enhance sports performance or reduce functional costs. Motor variability is known as a relevant way to characterize these strategies in athletes with different levels of expertise. The aim of this scoping review is to gather and discuss the latest advances in the impact of expertise on motor variability during sports-related tasks. A search encompassing three databases, Medline, SportDiscus, and Academic Search Complete, was performed. Our research methodology included three core themes: motor variability, laboratory instruments, and sports. Motor variability metrics (e.g., standard deviation and approximate entropy) and laboratory instruments (e.g., motion capture system, EMG, and force plate) were compiled. Athletes' expertise was defined by the time of deliberate practice, the performance results, or the level in which they performed. Overall, 48 of the 59 included studies determined that higher-skilled athletes had lesser motor variability than lower-skilled athletes. This difference in motor variability between skill levels was present within individual athletes (intra-individual) and between athletes (inter-individual). This result was independent of the criteria used to define expertise, the type of instrumentation used, and the metrics used to quantify motor variability.

Medical Students Cannot Assess Robotic Surgeons Performing Radical Prostatectomy.

Medical students have previously been shown to be just as effective for video rating as experts. We want to compare medical students to experienced surgeons as video assessors of simulated robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) performance. Video recordings of three RARP modules on the RobotiX (formerly Simbionix) simulator from a previous study were used. Five novice surgeons, five experienced robotic surgeons, and five experienced robotic surgeons in RARP performed a total of 45 video-recorded procedures. The videos were assessed with the modified Global Evaluative Assessment of Robotic Skills tool as both full-length and an edited edition that only included the first 5 minutes of the procedure. Fifty medical students and two experienced RARP surgeons (ES) performed a total of 680 video ratings of full-length videos and 5-minute videos (2-9 ratings per video). Medical students and ES showed poor agreement for both full-length videos and 5-minute videos (0.29 and -0.13, respectively). Medical students could not discriminate between the skill level of the surgeons in either full-length videos or 5-minute videos ( P = 0.053-0.36 and P = 0.21-0.82), whereas ES could discriminate between novice surgeons and experienced surgeons (full-length, P < 0.001, and 5 minutes, P = 0.007) and intermediate and experienced surgeons (full-length, P = 0.001, and 5 minutes, P = 0.01) in both full-length videos and 5-minute videos. We found that medical students cannot be used to assess RARP because they showed poor agreement with the ES rating for both full-length videos and 5-minute videos. Medical students could not discriminate between surgical skill levels.

Caregiver Outcomes From a Parent-Mediated Intervention May Be Dependent on Caregiver Skills &amp; Confidence at Intervention Initiation

Abstract Date Presented 03/23/24 Individual differences in how caregivers responded to participation in a caregiver-mediated feeding intervention revealed emerging trends that suggest that caregiver outcomes may be dependent on their level of efficacy and skills at intake. Primary Author and Speaker: Hannah Laufenberg Additional Authors and Speakers: Brittany St John, Karla Ausderau

Tingkat Kecakapan Dalam Penggunaan Automasi Perpustakaan (Studi Kasus: Mahasiswa Prodi Perpustakaan dan Ilmu Informasi Angkatan 2020 Universitas Negeri Padang)

The purpose of this study was to describe the level of digital skills of PII students class of 2020 UNP in using library automation. The type of research used is quantitative research with a descriptive approach. The population in this study were PII students of class 2020 UNP who had taken PKL using library automation, namely 57 people with nonprobability sampling. This study used the entire population as a sample. In this study, researchers used a questionnaire as an instrument. Data collection techniques were carried out by distributing questionnaires to all research samples, interviewing respondents as preliminary data, and literature studies. The results of this study indicate that: (1) the level of student skills (human/human) in using library automation has a total average score of 3.13 with a percentage of 78.25% in the high category, (2) the level of student skills (organisation) in using library automation has a total average score of 3.13 with a percentage of 78.25% in the high category. the use of library automation has a total average score of average total score of 3.15 with a percentage of 78.75% in the high category, (3) the level of student skills (technology/technology) in the use of library automation has a total average score of (3) the level of student skills (technology/technology) in using library automation has a total average score of 3.144 with a percentage of 78.6% in the high category, and (4) the level of student skills (user knowledge) in using library automation has a total average score of 3.384 with a percentage of 78.75% in the high category.

Effect of reciprocal teaching on comprehension, attention, rapid naming and working memory

This study aims to evaluate word callers attending the fourth grade of primary school in terms of rapid naming, verbal working memory, and attention skills, and to examine the effect of the reciprocal teaching approach on the development of word callers' reading comprehension skills. The study group consisted of 25 word callers and 21 independent readers. Fourth-grade students who are at the independent level in word recognition skills and at the level of frustration in reading comprehension skills are defined as word callers. On the other hand, students who are at the independent level in both word recognition and reading comprehension skills are defined as independent readers. According to the findings, difficulties in rapid naming, verbal working memory and attention skills are common characteristics of word callers. On the other hand, with the reciprocal teaching approach applied for 12 weeks, significant improvements were achieved in the reading comprehension skills of word callers. In this direction, it can be interpreted that the reciprocal teaching approach eliminated the difficulties experienced by word callers.

Micro Study on the Impact of the Digital Economy on Income from the Perspective of Labor Matching

As the digital economy continues to develop, the socio-economic structure and lifestyle have undergone significant changes, which have had a profound impact on the labor market. To explore the mechanism of the digital economys impact on income, this study builds a personal panel data model from a micro perspective and conducts an empirical analysis. The matching situation of individuals in terms of employment and income is assessed through the skill-job matching degree and skill-income matching degree. A bidirectional fixed-effects model is used for calculation and analysis, comprehensively considering individual characteristics, skill levels, job requirements, and other factors. This study examines the direct and indirect effects of the digital economy on income and explores its influencing mechanisms.

Effectiveness of Child and Infant Airway Management Training for Midwifery Students in Jambi

Choking often occurs in children and babies which causes airway obstruction, either partial airway obstruction or total airway obstruction. If help is not given immediately, it can result in death in children and babies. This research was conducted to determine the level of knowledge and skills of midwifery students in airway management in infants and children with airway obstruction due to choking. The research aims to determine students' knowledge and skills in airway management in infants and children with choking cases using a comparative research method, namely assessing knowledge before and after being given training, the sample used was 36 respondents, and the results showed an increase in students' knowledge after being given training with a value The pretest average for knowledge was 51.72% to 86.14%, while for skills there was an increase in knowledge after the test, with an average score of 93.31%. The conclusion is that this training can have an impact on increasing students' knowledge and skills so that when students practice and find cases of airway obstruction, they can do it as optimally as possible.

A Case Report on Infant Aural Rehabilitation Using Korean Auditory, Language, and Cognitive Rehabilitation for Infants

The purpose of this paper is to report the effectiveness and significance of aural rehabilitation using the Korean Auditory, language, and cognitive Rehabilitation for Infants (KARI) program. The KARI program was administered to an infant diagnosed with hearing loss at 9 months of age. A total of 45 KARI sessions were conducted for 13 months. Four developmental areas, auditory, language and social communication, overall and vocal and articulatory were evaluated at 10, 15, and 18 months of age for initial, progress, and final tests. After aural rehabilitation with KARI, in the area of auditory development, the infant showed normal range. In the area of language and social communication, the infant exhibited normal receptive language and non-verbal communication skills but showed significant delays in speech due to the diagnosed submucous cleft palate. In the area of overall developmental screening, Korean Developmental Screening Test for Infants &amp; Children scores were at peer level in cognition and social skills. However, gross motor, fine motor, language, and self-help skills were in the range of needing further testing. In the areas of vocalization and articulation, vocalization showed normal range, but articulation development showed delayed development. Although development of expressive language and articulation was delayed due to submucous cleft palate, the overall results showed good progression with KARI in other areas. Therefore, it is hoped that the KARI would be used to promote aural rehabilitation for the infants with hearing impaired.