Significance Level Research Articles

Evaluation of Serum Interleukin 35 and Interleukin 38 and Electrolyte Level in the Sera of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis Iraqi Females

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), is a disease that happened because autoimmune and inflammatory effects, it is mean that the human immune system offence healthy cells in the body mistakenly, resulting in inflammation (swelling) in the impacted portions of the body. Osteoarthritis (OA) is treated as the most famous form of joint arthritis. Objective: It is a slowly developed, disabling joint problem that decrease quality of life (QOL) and affects 14% of adults ages 25 and older and nearly 34% of those ages 65 and older. Interleukin elevation levels have been linked to autoimmune and degenerative diseases, thus in the current study. Methods: We tried to evaluate the level of interleukins (IL-35 and IL-38) in the two diseases and found the relationship between immune system response and disease severity. Three groups (RA, OA and control) have been used in the study. Results: The comparison between the three groups has been done and the results show a high significant increase in the level of IL-35 and IL-38 in both patients groups (RA and OA) as compared with control (p<0.001). Furthermore, a highly significant (p<0.001) elevated Na level with a significant (p<0.001) decrease in K and Ca levels was found in the RA and OA patients compared with the control. Conclusions: The study shows that the rise in the levels of IL-35 and IL-38 declares the instinctive role of interleukins and the immune system in the regulation and severity of RA and OA diseases, the role of this parameter may be clear in the controlling and monitoring the progression of diseases.

ВЗАЄМОЗВ’ЯЗОК КІБЕРБЕЗПЕКИ ТА ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ КРАЇНИ ПІД ЧАС ТРАНСФЕРУ ТА ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ІННОВАЦІЙ

The article is devoted to the investigation of the relationship between innovation and cyber security in the context of forecasting and reducing risks related to cyber security during the implementation of innovations. The purpose of the study is to confirm and model the interconnection between the levels of innovation development and cyber security of the country. The work describes the concept of innovation risk and the importance of cyber security in the modern world as one of the important factors in overcoming innovation risks. The current state of cyber security was analysed based on various indices, and the impact of cyber threats on innovation processes was investigated based on a sample from 26 countries of the world. This made it possible to identify leaders and outsiders in this field, as well as trends in the development of cyber security in dynamics. It is well-founded that cyber security is a key factor for the development and implementation of innovations. To confirm the existing relationship between cyber security and innovation, the multiple correlation coefficient was calculated, and an econometric model was built using the built-in functions of MS Excel (the estimation of the model parameters was carried out using the method of least squares using the built-in "Data Analysis" package of the MS spreadsheet editor Excel for a multivariable linear model). The significance of the model was confirmed by the coefficient of determination, Fisher's test, and the level of significance of the p-value. The results of the study can be used to develop effective cyber defence strategies and contribute to the stable development of technologies in the face of growing cyber threats.

Influence of Linguistic Intelligence in Increasing Students’ Writing Ability Through Neighborhood Walk Strategy

This research is aimed at finding out the influence of linguistic intellingence in increasing the students’ writing ability through neighborhood walk strategy. This research used factorial design. The population was the tenth-year students of SMA Negeri 1 Popayato. The sample selected considering linguistic intelligence test which consist of. 40 students from three parallel classes. The data were analyzed by t-test, one way ANOVA and followed by Tukey test. The researcher finding shows that: (1) the achievement of students’ writing who studied through neighborhood walk strategy was different than those are studied through direct instructional strategy, t-test value (9.635>1.685) for the experimental groups and (7.570 > 1.685) for the control groups. (2) there are was an interaction effect between the use of teaching strategy and linguistic intelligence (f-test value is 49.69 > 2.72 with the level of significance of 0.05. (3) the student who had high linguistic intelligence and studied by Neighborhood Walk strategy had higher on the increase of writing achievement than those who had high linguistic intelligence and studied by direct instructional strategy (Q = 25.238), and (4) the student who had low linguistic intelligence and studied by Neighborhood Walk strategy had higher on the increase of writing achievement than those who had low linguistic intelligence and studied by direct instructional strategy (Q = 21.767).

ASSOCIATION OF RADIAL ARTERY ACCESS WITH REDUCED INCIDENCE OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious complication following cardiac procedures, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. The choice of vascular access site may influence the incidence of AKI, with radial artery access potentially offering protective benefits compared to femoral artery access. Objective: To evaluate the association between radial artery access during cardiac procedures and the incidence of acute kidney injury among patients. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease from January 2023 to January 2024. A total of 370 patients who underwent cardiac procedures were included, comprising 200 patients in the radial artery access group and 170 in the femoral artery access group. Data were collected retrospectively from medical records, including demographic information, baseline renal function, procedural details, and serum creatinine levels before and after the procedure. The incidence of AKI was determined based on established criteria for changes in serum creatinine. Statistical analyses were performed using appropriate tests, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Results: Patients in the radial artery access group had a shorter average hospital stay (2.5 ± 1.2 days) compared to the femoral group (3.8 ± 1.5 days, p = 0.001). The mortality rate was lower in the radial group (1.5%) versus the femoral group (4.1%), although this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.09). The incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was 2.5% in the radial group compared to 5.9% in the femoral group (p = 0.07). Acute kidney injury occurred in 10.0% of patients in the radial artery access group (20 out of 200) versus 17.6% in the femoral artery access group (30 out of 170), indicating a significant reduction in AKI incidence with radial access. Conclusion: Using radial artery access during cardiac procedures significantly reduces the incidence of acute kidney injury compared to femoral artery access. These findings support the preference for radial artery access to minimize the risk of AKI and improve patient outcomes.

Implications of Positive Effects of Early Childhood Education for Education Policy

Emerging research on the benefits of early childhood education has sparked interest in making preschool education universal to improve children's readiness for school and their subsequent achievement of social, economic, and professional success. The implementation of early childhood education (ECE) programs, which aim to prepare 4-year-old children for school, has resulted in an increase in public funding. This increase can be attributed to the positive effects of the ECE program on children, as demonstrated by the academic skills of the children measured, which fall within the national average. These abilities include the ability to read and write, speak and understand mathematics, and recognize patterns in numbers. "Investing as early as possible, from birth through age five, in disadvantaged families yields the highest rate of return in early childhood development." Thus, the community and local government are required to actively involved in managing preschool structures, enhance the supervision and management of early childhood education. Common challenges encountered recorded nearly half of all teachers acknowledged to having significant levels of stress and burnout over the previous several years, mental health issues, low compensation, etc. Furthermore, NIEER research findings reveals only five states Hawaii, Michigan, Rhode Island, Alabama, and Mississippi meet all ten national program quality standards, which include putting child development guidelines into practice and offering professional development to teachers. Thus, this paper recommends that when formulating schools' improvement strategies, the Department of Education should take into account the enrollment rate in early learning and kindergarten institutions. All early childhood professional development programs aim to improve children's learning in the behavioral, social-emotional, communicative, and cognitive domains over the long run through indirect means.

Mathematics Self-Efficacy and Study Habit as Predictors of Achievement of Senior Secondary School Students

This study therefore looked at Mathematics Self-Efficacy and Study Habit as Predictors of Academic Achievement of Senior Secondary School Students in Ijebu Ode Local Government Area, Ogun State, Nigeria. Three hypotheses that were examined at the 0.05 significance level served as the study's compass. Descriptive survey was used, 500 students sampled from 10 senior secondary schools in Ijebu ode using simple random sampling techniques. mathematical achievement test, study habit scale, and self-efficacy scale constitute the instruments, validated and demonstrates reliability coefficients of 0.78, 0.81 and 0.86. The results shows that self-efficacy and study habit will accurately forecast students' academic success in mathematics (F =38.328, p < 0.05 & F =35.011, p < 0.05) and jointly predict students' proficiency in mathematics (F = 49.136, p < 0.05). The conclusion derived is that both Study habits and self-efficacy are significant predictors of academic achievement of senior secondary school students in mathematics.

Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection and its Association With Pap Smear Findings Among Women Attending a Gynecology Clinic in Khorasan Razavi-Iran

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexual transmitted disease and Pap smears and HPV testing are crucial for early detection. Advancements in HPV testing improve accuracy, but optimal screening strategies are still debated. This cross-sectional study explores HPV genotypes and predictors of infection among Iranian women undergoing gynecological screening. Study Design: A retrospective cross-sectional study. Methods: Women undergoing their initial cervical screening enrolled in this study. Cervical cytology samples for Pap smear analysis were collected from women referred to the genetic laboratory of Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi, during gynecological visits, adhering to standardized liquid-based cytology protocols. These samples were obtained over a one-year period since January 2023. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 21.0, with a significance level set at P<0.05. Results: A total of 328 women enrolled in this study. The mean age of participants was 36±11 years and the overall HPV prevalence was 37.5% (n=123). Among HPV-positive women, nearly half (48.7%) had a single HPV genotype. Genotypes 6 (13%), 16 (12.3%), and 53 (6.7%) were the most prevalent types. Notably, high-risk HPV genotypes (16 and 18 among all) were identified in one-fourth of the study population. Women with endocervical/transformation zone cells had 25% higher odds of having HPV infection, and having mild, moderate, and severe inflammation increased the odds of having HPV infection by 14%, 11%, and 20%, respectively. Conclusion: The considerably high prevalence of HPV infection highlights the significance of HPV prevention programs in this population. Neither bacterial vaginosis nor candida infection showed a direct link to HPV positivity.

Comparison of the safety profile of tofacitinib and etanercept in rheumatoid arthritis patients aged 60 years and over: The real-life data from the HUR-BIO registry

Objective: To investigate the safety profile of tofacitinib in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients aged 60 and over and to compare these findings with etanercept. Materials and methods: HUR-BIO (Hacettepe University Rheumatology Biologic Registry) is a single-center registry for biological and targeted synthetic DMARDs since 2005. We included RA patients aged ≥ 60 years who were prescribed tofacitinib or etanercept as their first bDMARD or tsDMARD and had at least one control visit. MACE (major adverse cardiovascular event), VTE (venous thromboembolism), malignancy, herpes zoster, and infections requiring hospitalization were recorded for the safety profile. Incidence rate (IR) and incidence rate ratios (IRR) per 1000 patient years were calculated for all safety data. Results: This study consisted of 123 RA patients (tofacitinib n=70, etanercept n=53). In the overall population, the mean age was 67.9 ± 6.2 years and the median follow-up period was 2.1 years. Among the traditional cardiovascular risk factors, smoking history and hyperlipidemia were more common in the tofacitinib group. The IRR per 1000 patients years for MACE, herpes zoster, and infections requiring hospitalization was similar between the groups. All three patients who diagnosed with DVT or PE were in the tofacitinib group, and the significance level of the increase in IR was close to the statistical threshold (p=0.057). There was only one patient who developed non-melanoma skin cancer, and that patient was in the tofacitinib group. Conclusion: The incidence of MACE, herpes zoster, and infections requiring hospitalization was comparable between tofacitinib and etanercept. However, the occurrence of VTE exclusively in the tofacitinib group suggests that this issue needs careful evaluation for these patients.

Understanding the role of a general education course Oral Science in establishing oral health knowledge and behaviors among undergraduate students from different majors: a questionnaire-based study.

The general education course, Oral Science, has been offered by Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University for many years in order to improve students' knowledge of oral health. Information about the oral health knowledge, status, and behaviors among undergraduates who had taken Oral Science was collected to evaluate the impact of this course, and to provide a basis for further improvement of the course teaching quality. Undergraduates taking Oral Science as an elective course were selected as the research subjects. The research time is the second semester of the 2022 academic year, from February 2023 to June 2023. Undergraduates who had not taken the course served as the control group. To investigate the oral health knowledge, status, and behaviors among undergraduate students who have taken the general education course of Oral Science, course students and non-course students were asked to fill out the same questionnaire at both the beginning and end of semester. The answer scores and accuracy of these two groups were compared and analyzed. Before and after the first lesson, and at the end of the semester, course students were asked to fill out the same oral knowledge questionnaire. Another questionnaire was released in week 10 to collect the data of the course students' oral health status and behaviors. The control group completed the same oral knowledge questionnaire at the beginning and end of the semester, respectively. SPSS 20.0 statistical software was used to analyze the data. Statistical significance level was set at 0.05 for all tests. At the beginning of the semester, there was no significant difference in the accuracy of the 16 questions nor the scores between two groups (P > 0.05). After one semester of learning, the accuracy of the 16 questions answered by the course students at the end of the semester was significantly higher (P < 0.05), as well as the score of the course students. The general education course of Oral Science can significantly improve undergraduates' general knowledge of dentistry and effectively improve their oral hygiene behavior.

Relationship between serum vitamin D levels and thyroid- and parathyroid-related diseases: a Mendelian randomisation study.

Previous studies have indicated an association between vitamin D and thyroid- and parathyroid-related diseases. However, it remains unclear whether it is a cause of the disease, a side effect of treatment or a consequence of the disease. The Mendelian randomisation (MR) study strengthens the causal inference by controlling for non-heritable environmental confounders and reverse causation. In this study, a two-sample bidirectional MR analysis was conducted to investigate the causal relationship between serum vitamin D levels and thyroid- and parathyroid-related diseases. Inverse variance weighted, weighted median and MR-Egger methods were performed, the Cochran Q test was used to evaluate the heterogeneity and the MR-PRESSO and MR-Egger intercepts were utilised to assess the possibility of pleiotropy. The Bonferroni-corrected significance threshold was 0·0038. At the Bonferroni-corrected significance level, we found that vitamin D levels suggestively decreased the risk of benign parathyroid adenoma (OR = 0·244; 95 % CI 0·074, 0·802; P = 0·0202) in the MR analyses. In the reverse MR study, a genetically predicted risk of thyroid cancer suggestively increased the risk of elevated vitamin D (OR = 1·007; 95 % CI 1·010, 1·013; P = 0·0284), chronic thyroiditis significantly increased the risk of elevated vitamin D (OR = 1·007; 95 % CI 1·002, 1·011; P = 0·0030) and thyroid nodules was significantly decreased the vitamin D levels (OR = 0·991; 95 % CI 0·985, 0·997; P = 0·0034). The findings might be less susceptible to horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity (P > 0·05). This study from a gene perspective indicated that chronic thyroiditis and thyroid nodules may impact vitamin D levels, but the underlying mechanisms require further investigation.

Effects of Cryptorchidism on the Semen Quality of Giant Pandas from the Perspective of Seminal Plasma Proteomics

Giant pandas are an endangered species with low reproductive rates. Cryptorchidism, which can negatively affect reproduction, is also often found in pandas. Seminal plasma plays a crucial role in sperm–environment interactions, and its properties are closely linked to conception potential in both natural and assisted reproduction. The research sought to identify seminal fluid protein content variations between normal and cryptorchid giant pandas. Methods: Using a label-free MS-based method, the semen proteomes of one panda with cryptorchidism and three normal pandas were studied, and the identified proteins were compared and functionally analyzed. Results: Mass spectrometry identified 2059 seminal plasma proteins, with 361 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed that these DEPs are mainly involved in the phosphate-containing compound metabolic, hydrolase activity, and kinase activity areas (p ≤ 0.05). The KEGG functional enrichment analysis revealed that the top 20 pathways were notably concentrated in the adipocyte lipolysis and insulin metabolism pathway, with a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. Further analysis through a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network identified nine key proteins that may play crucial roles, including D2GXH8 (hexokinase Fragment), D2HSQ6 (protein tyrosine phosphatase), and G1LHZ6 (Calmodulin 2). Conclusions: We suspect that the high abundance of D2HSQ6 in cryptorchid individuals is associated with metabolic pathways, especially the insulin signal pathway, as a typical proteomic feature related to its pathological features. These findings offer insight into the ex situ breeding conditions of this threatened species.

The Influence of Problem Based Learning Model on Critical Thinking of Grade VI Elementary School Students in Pancasila and Citizenship Education Learning

The aims of this research is to examine the effect of the Problem Based Learning model on students' critical thinking skills in Pancasila and Citizenship Education Learning at SDN Citrodiwangsan 02 Lumajang. The type of research used is quantitative research with an experimental approach. The sample selected was grade VI students with 3 classes, each consisting of 27 students. Critical thinking ability data was obtained through student critical thinking tests. Data testing was carried out with a significance level of 5%. Data processing was carried out using SPSS with the One Way Annova test. Based on the results of data processing, it can be seen that there was an increase in the average value in each class. In addition, the results of the hypothesis test with a significance level of 5% showed a result of 0.028 0.05 so that H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted. So the results showed that there was an effect of the Problem Based Learning model on Students' Critical Thinking Skills in Pancasila and Citizenship Education Learning at SDN Citrodiwangsan 02 Lumajang.

The Influence of Burnout and Teamwork on Organizational Commitment in Pekanbaru City Branch Family Pharmacy Employees

This study aims to look at the effect of Burnout and Teamwork on Organizational Commitment in Employees of the Family Pharmacy, Pekanbaru City Branch. This type of research is using quantitative research. The population in this study were all employees of the technician section totaling 102 people. This study used employees of the technician section of the Pekanbaru City Branch of the Family Pharmacy as the object of research. The sampling method uses saturated samples, namely 102 respondents. The analysis method used in processing this research data is descriptive statistical analysis, classical assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis and the coefficient of determination using a significance level of 0.05. The data processing of this research uses the help of SPSS 23 software. The results showed that there was a negative and significant influence between burnout on organizational commitment. There is a positive and significant influence between teamwork on organizational commitment. There is a simultaneous positive and significant influence between burnout and teamwork on organizational commitment.

The Impact of E-Ticketing System on Bus Transportation Service in Tanzania

This study investigates the impact of the e-ticketing system on bus transportation services in Tanzania. The main objective of the research is to assess how the e-ticketing system influences various aspects of bus transportation in Tanzania. Specific objectives include examining the role of e-ticketing, identifying the challenges it poses, and exploring strategies for its improvement. Primary data were collected through well-structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews, providing both quantitative and qualitative insights into the effectiveness of the e-ticketing system. The findings reveal that the e-ticketing system has significantly enhanced revenue management, passenger convenience, sustainability, and fraud prevention, with significance levels of .02, .01, .02, and .02, respectively. These results highlight the system's valuable contribution to improving service quality. However, the study also identifies several challenges, including technical issues, connectivity problems, resistance to change, and security concerns. To address these challenges, the study proposes strategies such as increasing awareness and educational campaigns, upgrading technology and infrastructure, implementing offline options, and enhancing feedback and support mechanisms. These recommendations aim to optimize the e-ticketing system's effectiveness and address its limitations, ultimately improving the overall bus transportation service in Tanzania.

Deep marine records of Deccan Trap volcanism before the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) mass extinction

The Cretaceous−Paleogene boundary is marked by a large impact and coeval mass extinction event that occurred 66 m.y. ago. Contemporaneous emplacement of the volcanic Deccan Traps also affected global climate before, during, and after the mass extinction. Many questions remain about the timing and eruption rates of Deccan volcanism, its precise forcing of climatic changes, and its signature in the marine geochemical sedimentary proxy record. Here, we compile new and existing mercury (Hg) concentration and osmium isotope (187Os/188Os) records for various stratigraphic sections worldwide. Both geochemical proxies have been suggested to reflect past variations in Deccan volcanic activity. New data from deep marine pelagic carbonate records are compared to contemporaneous records from shallower marine sites correlated through high-resolution cyclostratigraphic age models. The robustness of the proxy records is evaluated on a common timeline and compared to two different Deccan eruption history scenarios. Results show that the global 187Os/188Os signal is clearly reproducible, while the global Hg record does not form a consistent pattern. Moreover, the deep marine sections investigated do not record clear variations in the Hg cycle, particularly in the latest Cretaceous, prior to the extinction event. A detailed reevaluation of the precise depth of the redistribution of impactor-sourced platinum group elements does not exclude the possibility of a minor drop in 187Os/188Os corresponding with a pulse of Deccan volcanism ∼50,000 years before the Cretaceous−Paleogene boundary. Simple Os isotope mass balance modeling indicates that the latest Cretaceous was marked by significant levels of basalt weathering. CO2 sequestration during this weathering likely overwhelmed the emission of Deccan volatiles, thereby contributing to the end of the late Maastrichtian warming.

THE INFLUENCE OF BRAND, PRICE AND PRODUCT QUALITY ON SHOPEE E-COMMERCE PURCHASING DECISIONS

The development of information technology in the 4.0 era has changed people's lifestyles, including product purchasing behavior through e-commerce. This research aims to determine the influence of brand, price and product quality variables on Shopee e-commerce purchasing decisions. The research object was carried out in Semarang district with a generation Z population aged 18-27 years. The number of respondents was 95 people with the sampling technique using a non-probability sampling technique with a purposive sampling method. Data collection used a questionnaire with Likert scale parameters. The data analysis technique uses multiple linear regression and is processed using SPSS version 29 software. The results of data analysis show that brand and price variables have a positive and significant effect on Shopee e-commerce purchasing decisions. Meanwhile, the product quality variable does not significantly influence Shopee e-commerce purchasing decisions. The coefficient of determination value shows a value of 32.1% with a significance level of 0.05.

Volatility of Volatility and VIX Forecasting: New Evidence Based on Jumps, the Short‐Term and Long‐Term Volatility

ABSTRACTThis study explores VIX forecasting by proposing a novel model to characterize the volatility of volatility based on high‐frequency VIX. Specifically, the decomposed jumps, the short‐ and long‐term volatility of VIX realized volatility obtained through wavelet analysis are considered by integrating the HAR‐DJI‐GARCH with GARCH‐MIDAS model. Empirical results show superior performance over competing models, with enhanced predictive accuracy under four non‐parametric jumps. The model's effectiveness is further validated by adjusting prediction windows, wavelet levels, examining VIX term structure, varying the significance level of jump test, and through the assessment of its economic significance.

Leadership for inclusion: Navigating the evolving landscape of the FET sector in Ireland

Abstract The Further Education and Training (FET) sector in Ireland offers a significant level of diversity, in student population, level of study, and form of delivery. As such, inclusive provision is crucial to the sector’s success as a viable learning pathway. Key to this process is the work of leaders, as there is ample evidence of their impact on effective inclusive policy and practice. The vast majority of existing research in this area has focused on primary, post-primary and higher education sectors with an evident lack of such work in FET. This project addresses this gap, illuminating perspectives and practices around leadership for inclusion in Irish FET settings, based on first-hand accounts from senior leaders. Five leaders in a range of FET settings participated in an exploratory qualitative inquiry with two researchers. The findings reveal a common conceptualisation of inclusion as rights-based and far-reaching where leaders are evidently committed to fully including all members of their respective populations. Leaders acknowledge their own role in modelling inclusive practice, but somewhat dichotomously highlight a lack of visibility around inclusive teaching and learning. Finally, they acknowledge that FET’s diminished status in comparison to other sectors has resulted in difficulties around gaining and employing supports for learners, but they also demonstrate a belief that this same status has undergone a sense of renewal in recent times.

The Influence of Leadership, Non-Physical Work Environment, and Occupational Health and Safety on the Work Productivity of Technician Employees PT. MADAS Elektrikal Kontraktor Tembilahan

This research was conducted with the aim of determining the direct influence of leadership variables, non-physical work environment, and occupational health and safety on the work productivity of technician employees PT. MADAS Elektrikal Kontraktor Tembilahan. This type of research uses quantitative research. The population in this study was all 42 technician employees. This research used technician employees of PT. MADAS Elektrikal Kontraktor Tembilahan as research object. The sampling method used a saturated sample, namely 42 respondents. The analytical method used in processing this research data is descriptive statistical analysis, classical assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis and coefficient of determination using a significance level of 0.05. The data processing for this research uses the help of SPSS 23 software. Based on the results of the research conducted, it shows that leadership variables, non-physical work environment, and occupational health and safety have a positive and significant effect on the work productivity of technician employees PT. MADAS Elektrikal Kontraktor Tembilahan.

Influence of Health Education Using Audio-Visual on Teenagers' Knowledge Regarding Teenagers' Sexual Behavior at SMA I Darus Salam Tapos West Java

Background:During adolescence, individuals cannot take full responsibility for the activities they do. Problems related to reproductive health that can occur during adolescence include pregnancy out of wedlock, rape, prostitution among teenagers, abortion, sexually transmitted diseases, sexual harassment and other sexual deviations such as promiscuity. Objective:To determine the influence of health education using audio visuals on adolescent knowledge regarding adolescent sexual behavior at SMAI Darus Salam Tapos, West Java. Methodology:The type of research used in this research is analytical descriptive with a one group pretest posttest approach. The population in this study was all 62 level X teenagers registered at SMAI Darus Salam. The sample uses total sampling. The instrument used in this research was a questionnaire containing adolescent knowledge regarding adolescent sexual behavior to be measured before providing the intervention and after providing the intervention. And test the hypothesis using the t test. Research result:It can be seen that the difference in adolescent knowledge regarding adolescent sexual behavior before and after being given the Health Education intervention using audio visuals with results tending to increase can be seen from the mean, median and mode values. The results obtained showed a significance level of ˂0.001, which means it is lower than 0.05, so the hypothesis is accepted. Conclusion:There is an influence of health education using audio visuals on adolescent knowledge regarding adolescent sexual behavior at SMAI Darus Salam. Suggestion:It is hoped that the results of this research can be used as a reference for further research supported by other sources, or can be used as a comparison to research on the influence of reproductive health education counseling using audiovisual media on subsequent adolescent sexual behavior.