Serum Total Protein Levels Research Articles

Effect of dietary supplementation of Lawsonia inermis and Acacia nilotica extract on growth performance, intestinal histopathology, and antioxidant status of broiler chickens challenged with coccidiosis.

Avian coccidiosis is one of the many disorders that seriously harm birds' digestive systems. Nowadays the light is shed on using Phytochemical/herbal medicines as alternative natural anti-coccidial chemical-free standards. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate the impact of lawsonia inermis powder (LIP), and Acacia nilotica aqueous extract (ANAE), on growth performance, serum biochemical, antioxidant status, cytokine biomarkers, total oocyst count and intestinal histopathology of broiler chickens challenged with coccidiosis. Two hundred and forty-one-day-old Ross chicks were randomly distributed into 8 groups, four were challenged with coccidia, while the other four were unchallenged. Each group consisted of 3 replicates of 10 chicks each. The birds were challenged with Eimeria species orally on day 14 of age. Group 1B was unchallenged, and Group 2A was challenged with coccidiosis and both were fed the basic diet without additives. Groups 3A, 4A, and 5A were challenged and fed on the basic diet supplemented with LIP (40g/kg of diet), ANAE (5g/kg of diet), and LIP + ANAE combination, respectively. Groups 3B, 4B, and 5B were unchallenged and fed on the basic diet supplemented with LIP (40g/kg of diet) and ANAE (5g/kg of diet) and LIP + ANAE combination, respectively. The best results of growth performance parameters were recorded in G5B, and G5A followed by the group fed on ANAE and then the group fed on LIP compared with the control. All challenged broilers had higher aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), urea, creatinine, glucose, MDA, IL-4 &TNF-α levels compared to all unchallenged broilers. Challenged broilers had lower serum cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, globulin, SOD, GPX & IL-10 levels compared to non-challenged broilers. Histopathological examination of the small intestine and cecum of challenged treated groups with LIP + ANAE showed good mucosal integrity, few leukocytes infiltration, and low total oocyst count in broilers manure, followed by ANAE then LIP groups. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of lawsonia inermis powder and Acacia nilotica aqueous extract either alone or in combination had positive effects on broiler performance, blood metabolites, antioxidant status, cellular response, and intestinal morphology during the exposure to Eimeria spp. as a potential natural anti-coccidial.

THE ROLE OF Β2-MICROGLOBULIN IN ASSESSING THE PROGRESSION OF B-CELL CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA

Introduction. The primary assessment of β2-microglobulin holds significant value in monitoring the dynamics of oncohematological processes, which can serve as a crucial marker for evaluating the baseline condition of patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Aim: to analyze the levels of β2-microglobulin in patients experiencing progression of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Materials and methods. Twenty six patients with progressive B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) were examined, comprising 12 males (46%) and 14 females (54%). These patients were designated as Group I. The control group (Group II) included 20 healthy individuals aged 23–43 years, consisting of 11 females (55%) and 9 males (45%). In Group I, disease staging was assessed using the Rai-Binet classification: stage II (B) was observed in 18 patients (69.2%), stage III (C) in 4 patients (15.4%), and stage IV (C) in 4 patients (15.4%). Among patients with progressive CLL, hyperplastic syndrome was evaluated, including lymph node enlargement (≥3 cm in diameter) and hepato- or splenomegaly (liver or spleen extending ≥5 cm below the costal margin). General and biochemical blood analyses were conducted, along with measurements of β2-microglobulin levels. Statistical methods were applied to process and analyze the data. Results. In patients with progression of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), hematological analysis revealed anemia (hemoglobin <100 g/L) in 6 patients (23.1%) and thrombocytopenia in 8 patients (30.7%). Leukocytosis with leukocyte levels >100 G/L was observed in 4 patients (15.4%) in Group I. Notably, an inverse correlation was identified between β2-microglobulin levels and hemoglobin levels (r = -0.52; p = 0.02). Biochemical analysis showed a reduction in total serum protein to grade 1 according to CTCAE in 2 patients (7.7%), elevated serum creatinine levels, reaching grade 1 according to CTCAE, were observed in 4 patients (15.4%) in Group I. An inverse correlation was found between β2-microglobulin levels and total serum protein levels (r = -0.44; p = 0.02). A direct correlation was also identified between β2-microglobulin levels and serum creatinine levels (r = 0.65; p = 0.04). In 9 (34.7%) patients of group I, the concentration of β2-microglobulin in blood serum exceeded the level of 5 mg/l. It is important that all 100% (9/9) of patients in this category were found to have hyperplastic syndrome. In addition, 33.3% (3/9) of patients had a combination of lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and hepatomegaly (liver +5 cm below the edge of the costal arch), 55.6% (5/9) had a combination of two factors, in 11, 1% (1/9) hyperplastic syndrome was characterized by an increase in the size of peripheral lymph nodes by more than 3 cm. The average level of β2-microglobulin was 6.24 mg/l in patients with progression of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia of group I, of which 9 patients had a level of β2-microglobulin greater than 5 mg/l. Conclusion. The level of β2-microglobulin corresponds to the severity of progression of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and correlates with the level of anemia, hypoproteinemia, hypercreatinemia, and the severity of hyperplastic syndrome.

Dietary supplementation of compound probiotics to improve performance, egg quality, biochemical parameters and intestinal morphology of laying hens.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of compound probiotics on the performance, egg quality, biochemical parameters and intestinal morphology of laying hens. A total of 180 healthy 200-day-old Hyline Brown laying hens with similar initial laying rate (87.5% ± 0.2%) were randomly divided into the control group and the treatment group. Each group included 6 replicates and each replicate included 15 laying hens. The control group was provided a basal diet, while the treatment group received the basal diet supplemented with compound probiotics. The experiment lasted for 52 days. The study indicated the following outcomes: (1) The laying rate (LR) and average egg weight (AEW) of laying hens in the treatment group were significantly higher than those of the control group (p < 0.05), whereas the feed-to-egg ratio (F/E) was significantly lower (p < 0.05); (2) The yolk weight (YW), egg shape index (ESI) and albumen height (AH) were significantly higher (p < 0.05), whereas the eggshell percentage (EP) was significantly lower (p < 0.05) after the dietary supplementation of compound probiotics; (3) The treatment group significantly decreased in total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), malondialdehyde (MDA), immunoglobulin A (IgA), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels in serum compared to the CON group (p < 0.05). Additionally, serum levels of total protein (TP), globulin (GLB), albumin (ALB), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were significantly higher in the treatment group (p < 0.05); (4) The supplementation of compound probiotics to laying hen diets led to a significant reduction in crypt depth (CD) and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (V/C) in the jejunum compared to the CON group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the supplementation of compound probiotics can regulate the body metabolism and improve the intestinal morphology, thus enhancing the antioxidant capacity and immune function of the body, which in turn improves the performance and egg quality of laying hens.

Biochemical perturbations associated with Salmonella gallinarum infection in laying hens:Is oxidative stress implicated?

The aim of this study was to investigate some biochemical and tissue changes associated with Salmonella gallinarum infection in laying hens (LHs), and the complicities of oxidative stress (OS). Fifty LHs were assigned to two groups of 25 LHs infected with S. gallinarum (109 cfu*mL-1 of S. gallinarum) and 25 uninfected controls. Biochemical assays and histopathology were carried out following standard procedures. There was a significant loss of body weight, drop in egg production, as well as 28% mortality in the infected group. Serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, as well as serum total protein, globulin, total cholesterol, total bilirubin, uric acid, creatinine and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly higher, whereas serum albumin levels were significantly lower in infected LHs. There were inflammatory, degenerative and necrotic changes observed in the affected organs. Considering the significant elevation in MDA levels coupled with elevated SOD activity in the infected LHs, OS may play a significant role in the pathology of fowl typhoid and may suggest a possible treatment of infected layers with antioxidants.

Case 332: Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor–induced Intestinal Lymphangiectasia

History A 65-year-old male patient with a history of sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma and prior right nephrectomy developed recurrent disease adjacent to the inferior vena cava. The patient underwent surveillance imaging 7 months after initiation of treatment with maximum-dose pazopanib and less than 1 month after completing a 2-month regimen of palliative stereotactic body radiation therapy to the right nephrectomy bed and site of recurrence. (Stereotactic body radiation therapy was initiated 5 months after pazopanib treatment was initiated.) One month after initiating treatment with pazopanib and 6 months before the surveillance imaging, the patient developed diarrhea and required ongoing treatment with loperamide to control symptoms. He denied any fatigue, mouth sores, or extremity pain, but described some abdominal pain and discomfort associated with the diarrhea. He was not experiencing any fevers, and vital signs were normal. White blood cell count was normal at 5100/μL (5.1 ×109/L) (reference range, 4200–10 200/μL [4.2–10.2 ×109/L]), with all components of the differential count also being normal. A normal serum albumin level of 3.9 g/dL (39 g/L) (reference range, 3.5–5.0 g/dL [35–50 g/L]) and low serum total protein level of 6.1 g/dL (61 g/L) (reference range, 6.3–7.9 g/dL [63–79 g/L]) were noted. A comprehensive metabolic panel was performed, indicating a serum chloride level of 98 mmol/L (reference range, 100–108 mmol/L) and an alkaline phosphatase level of 121 U/L (2.02 μkat/L) (reference range, 45–115 U/L [0.75–1.92 μkat/L]). The patient underwent surveillance imaging with contrast-enhanced CT of the abdomen and pelvis in the venous phase.

The Effect of Bidens pilosa Extract on Vancomycin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Prepubertal Rats

The long-term use of Vancomycin and its administration at inappropriate doses still cause uncontrolled physiological side effects, particularly in terms of kidney development and metabolism. This study aims to investigate the effects of Bidens pilosa extract (BPE) on vancomycin-induced acute kidney injury in prepubertal rats. This study employed an experimental research method, randomly dividing 40 female Wistar rats into five equal groups: control/adult (C), prepubertal (P), prepubertal + Bidens pilosa (PB), prepubertal + vancomycin (PV), and prepubertal + vancomycin + Bidens pilosa (PVB). Gentamicin caused kidney damage in both PG and PVB groups. We treated PB and PVB with a single dose of BPE. At necropsy, we collected blood, serum, and kidney tissue for evaluation. The research results showed that the total leukocyte count was higher in PB compared to the others (P = 0.002). Serum urea, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, and total protein levels significantly increased in PB, PV, and PVB compared to C and P. Glutathione levels were low in the serum and kidney tissue of PV, and malondialdehyde levels were high compared to the others (P0.05). Using BPE in vancomycin-induced acute kidney injury in ovariectomized rats resulted in a decrease in serum creatinine, urea, and malondialdehyde levels in PVB compared to PV, an increase in glutathione levels, and a milder severity of histopathological findings. The conclusion of this study shows that a single dose of BPE partially reduces kidney damage in rats with gentamicin-induced acute kidney injury

Cyclosporine and fedratinib combination therapy via modulating Th17/Treg balance in Rat model of membranous glomerulonephritis

A progressive kidney disease associated with inflammation and the immune system is called membrane glomerulonephritis (MGN). The present study investigatedthe combination of cyclosporine and fedratinib on Th17/regulatory T cells (Tregs) in rat models of MGN. Rats were given several doses of anti-Fx1A to induce MGN, and the resultant five groups of rats were fedratinib-cyclosporin receiving PHN rats, fedratinib, cyclosporin, and healthy rats. Following that, the blood's biochemistry was ascertained, and splenocytes were separated to use flow cytometry to look into the proportion of Th17 and Treg cells in the blood. A real-time PCR test was used to assess the corresponding Tregs and Th17 cell transcription factors andtheir related cytokine gene expressions. Finally, serum analysis was employed to indicate serum cytokines signatures of Th17 cells and Tregs through ELISA. The combination of cyclosporine-fedratinib induced noticeably diminished levels of serum total protein, albumin, and urea in rats versus the PHN group. Th17 cell frequency and its related transcription factors and cytokines genes showed increased expression in the PHN model compared to the control group and PHN groups with different treatments.In contrast, Tregs frequency and its related transcription factors and cytokines genes showed decreased expression in the PHN model compared to the control group and PHN groups with different treatments. Serum cytokine assay confirmed gene expression results. The combination of cyclosporine and fedratinib was capable of reducing Th17 cells in favor of Tregs enhancement in PHN rats, suggesting a novel combination therapy in the treatment of MGN.

Efficacy of Lactobacillus acidophilus and yeast cell wall-derived supplements on immunity responses, growth performance, and disease resistance in Cyprinus carpio juveniles.

This study investigated the effects of probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus (PTCC 1643) (LA) and a commercial yeast cell wall prebiotic (Immunogen®) (IM) on immunoantioxidant, growth, and digestive status, and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila in Cyprinus carpio juveniles. The fish were fed in five treatments including control (T1), LA1.5 (T2): 1.5 (× 10^8 CFU/g of LA)/kg diet, LA3 (T3): 3 (× 10^8 CFU/g of LA)/kg diet, IM1 (T4): 1g of IM/kg diet, and IM2 (T5): 2g of IM/ kg diet. After 60 days, the function of growth and intestinal protease and amylase showed a significant increase in IM treatments. Serum levels of total protein and superoxide dismutase in LA3 treatment, as well as albumin, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in LA3 and IM2 treatments were significantly increased. Serum level of malondialdehyde in LA and IM treatments, as well as alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in LA treatments, alanine aminotransferase in LA and IM2 treatments, and lactate dehydrogenase in LA3 treatment was significantly decreased. Serum levels of all the immune parameters in LA3 treatment, as well as alternative complement pathway hemolytic and nitroblue tetrazolium in IM2 treatment were significantly improved. Mucosal level of protease in LA3 and IM2 treatments, total immunoglobulin, and lysozyme in LA and IM2 treatments, as well as ALP and peroxidase in LA3 treatment was significantly increased. Cumulative mortality rate in LA and IM treatments was significantly decreased compared to control after the 14-day challenge with A. hydrophila. It is recommended to include IM2 in the diet of C. carpio juveniles with regard to its beneficial effects on growth and immunity status.

Value of Serum Retinol-Binding Protein, Lipoprotein A and Inflammatory Nutritional Indexes and their Interactions in Predicting Acute Kidney Injury after Coronary Angiography

Background: Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is a serious condition that can arise after undergoing coronary angiography (CAG). This complication is primarily caused by the toxic impact of contrast agents on the kidneys, along with oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Identifying reliable biomarkers for early prediction remains essential due to the limited accuracy of existing clinical risk scores. Methods: This retrospective case-control study included 365 patients undergoing CAG between December 2021 and December 2023. Patients were categorized into non-AKI (n = 320) and AKI (n = 45) groups based on post-procedural renal function. Biomarkers including serum retinol-binding protein (RBP), lipoprotein A (Lp(a)), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and nutritional markers were measured. Baseline demographics, lipid profiles, and procedure details were recorded. Results: Baseline characteristics revealed no significant differences between groups in terms of age, BMI, gender, and prevalence of hypertension or diabetes mellitus. Notably, RBP (41.83 ± 10.22 mg/L vs. 32.45 ± 8.76 mg/L, p &lt; 0.001), Lp(a) (42.35 ± 13.87 mg/dL vs. 35.76 ± 11.54 mg/dL, p &lt; 0.001), and IL-6 (6.23 ± 2.14 pg/mL vs. 4.87 ± 1.59 pg/mL, p &lt; 0.001) levels were significantly higher in the AKI group. Total protein levels were significantly lower in the AKI group (6.88 ± 0.62 g/dL vs. 7.12 ± 0.54 g/dL, p = 0.006). Multivariate logistic regression identified RBP (OR 1.118, 95% CI 1.072–1.166, p &lt; 0.001), Lp(a) (OR 1.047, 95% CI 1.014–1.080, p = 0.005), and IL-6 (OR 1.710, 95% CI 1.355–2.157, p &lt; 0.001) as independent predictors of AKI, while higher total protein levels were protective (OR 0.497, 95% CI 0.257–0.960, p = 0.037). Conclusion: Serum RBP, Lp(a), IL-6, and total protein levels are valuable biomarkers for predicting CI-AKI after CAG. Elevated RBP, Lp(a), and IL-6 indicate higher risk, while higher total protein suggests protective effects.

Dietary Effect of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) Root Powder on Growth and Blood Parameters of Cyprinus carpio (Common Carp)

Aims: The present study evaluated the effect of different levels of Withania somnifera root powder in fish formulated diets on the growth performance of economically important freshwater fish species in Asia Cyprinus carpio and compare the hematological changes occurred in fishes fed with control feed and herbal formulated diet. Study Design: The experiment was planned with the size group of 30.0±1.0g. Fish of the respective size group of Cyprinus carpio were subjected to different herbal formulated diets at a concentration 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% of Withania somnifera root powder extract through their diet, while the control group received a standard diet without any supplementation. Duration of Study: The study was conducted over a period of 4 weeks. Methodology: During which growth parameters such as Average Daily Growth, Specific Growth Rate and Absolute Growth Rate were monitored at regular (10 days) intervals. The blood samples were collected at 4th week from each group to assess hematological parameters including Red Blood Cell count, White Blood Cell count, Hemoglobin, Total Cholesterol and Total serum protein levels. The overall results revealed that the inclusion of Withania somnifera extract in the diet of Cyprinus carpio significantly influenced both growth and blood parameters. Results: Fish exposed to Withania somnifera extract exhibited enhanced growth performance compared to the control group, with increased Average Daily Growth, Specific Growth Rate and Absolute Growth Rate. Moreover, hematological analysis revealed positive effects on the blood parameters of treated fish, including improvements in Red Blood Cell count, White Blood Cell count, Hemoglobin, Total Cholesterol and Total serum protein levels. Conclusion: The overall results revealed that the inclusion of Withania somnifera extract in the diet of Cyprinus carpio significantly influenced both growth and blood parameters.

Effects of Nigella sativa oil on immune mechanisms in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Nigella sativa oil on serum responses in rainbow trout. Fish were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 1% and 10% doses of NSO. Serum bactericidal activity, lysozyme activity, myeloperoxidase, total protein and total immunoglobulin levels were analyzed 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after injection. The same procedure was performed in a control group. There were signif-icant changes in all immunological parameters among the treatment groups except for total protein and immunoglobulin levels. In conclusion, the present study showed that the immune parameters of rainbow trout were increased. Therefore, injection of Ni-gella sativa oil leads to a positive effect on the immune response of rainbow trout.

Evaluation of the efficacy of diosmin and chrysin against tau-fluvalinate exposure in rats

Tau-fluvalinate is a type 2 pyrethroid insecticide. Diosmin and chrysin are flavonoids with antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects. Role of diosmin and chrysin against infavorable toxic effects caused by tau-fluvalinate and the underlying mechanisms of these effects were investigated. Six groups were formed and diosmin, chrysin, tau-fluvalinate, tau-fluvalinate + diosmin and tau-fluvalinate + chrysin were administered orally to rats at a dose of 20 mg/kg.bw except for the control group, once a day for 21 days, respectively. Tau-fluvalinate elevated MDA and NO levels while diminishing the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, GR, GST, G6PD) and GSH levels in the majority of the analyzed blood and tissues, statistically significant. Serum triglyceride, cholesterol, total protein and albumin levels as well as LDH and PChE activities decreased. Conversely, serum creatinine, AST, ALT and ALP levels/activities increased. Elevated protein levels of caspase 3, caspase 9, p53 and Bax and decreased protein levels of Bcl-2 were observed in the liver. There were negative changes in body/some organ weights. Diosmin and chrysin administration resulted in a marked recovery in tau-fluvalinate-induced toxic effects, but this improvement was not complete. These flavonoids may be considered as promising potential therapeutic options to alleviate the adverse effects associated with tau-fluvalinate intoxication.

Therapeutic Effectiveness of Prunus dulcis for Nephroprotective and Hepatoprotective in Albino Mice

Background: Nephrotoxicity caused by GM is a complicated occurrence that results in a variety of structural and functional changes, including lesions in the glomerular region and proximal tubule damage, which leads to sudden kidney failure. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has also been linked to GM. Acute hepatic impairments caused by medication might lead to rapid deterioration of liver function. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the suspension of nuts of Prunus dulcis at a lower dose (800 mg/kg, b.w.) and a higher dose (1600 mg/kg, b.w.) for nephroprotective and hepatoprotective activities. Materials and Methods: Drug-induced nephrotoxicity and drug-induced hepatotoxicity models were used to evaluate the nephroprotective and hepatoprotective activity using albino mice. A histopathological study was also performed. Results: Suspension of nuts Prunus dulcis exhibited significant nephroprotective and hepatoprotective activity. Suspension of nuts from Prunus dulcis at a higher dose (1600 mg/kg b.w.) showed higher nephroprotective and hepatoprotective activity compared to the lower dose (800 mg/kg). The nephroprotective activity was evident by decreased serum creatinine, uric acid, serum urea, and BUN, which were confirmed by histological study. The hepatoprotective effect was confirmed by significantly decreased serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein, and total bilirubin levels in treated groups, which were further confirmed by histopathological study. Conclusion: The result suggests that Prunus dulcis possesses nephroprotective and hepatoprotective activities.

The influence of the combination of methanolic extract Scurrula atropurpurea (Blume) and Dendrophthoe pentandra on rat liver function and structure

Background. Tea mistletoe (Scurrula atropurpurea (Blume)) and mango mistletoe (Dendrophthoe pentandra) have been known as a potential medicine for several diseases.Objective: to investigate the effect of the combination of methanolic extract Scurrula atropurpurea (Blume) and Dendrophthoe pentandra (MESA-DP) on rat liver function and structure using serological and histopathological analysis.Material and methods. This study was experimental during 28 days using 20 rats divided into four groups (Group 1 as a control, while Groups 2, 3, and 4 were given MESA-DP at doses 250, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg of body weight, respectively). The liver histopathological structure was observed using hematoxylin-eosin staining. The liver function assessment included total bilirubin, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), total protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA analysis (ANalysis Of VAriance) and performed via SPSS Statistics 17.0 (IBM, USA).Results. The administration of MESA-DP did not show significant differences at all doses for the liver rat function in total bilirubin, SGOT, SGPT, albumin, cholesterol and triglycerides (p&gt;0.05), while globulin, total protein, HDL and LDL showed significant results (p&lt;0.05). The liver histopathological structure showed the number of pyknotic, karyorrhectic and karyolytic cells in rats after MESA-DP administration compared to controls, which grew with increasing dose.Conclusion. The liver function in rats after being exposed to MESA-DP was not affected in terms of total bilirubin, SGOT, SGPT, albumin, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. However, using MESA-DP increased the necrotic liver cells. It may be beneficial for the liver health of experimental animals taking into account the correct dosage.

Transcriptomics and non-targeted metabolomics provide mechanistic insights into the improvement of the growth performance and meat quality of lambs supplemented with fermented Lycium barbarum residues

This study investigated the effects of Lycium barbarum residues (LBR) and fermented L. barbarum residues (FLBR) on the growth performance and meat quality of lambs. Eighteen lambs were randomly assigned into three groups and fed either a basal diet (CON) or the same diet supplemented with 5.0% LBR or FLBR for a period of 90 days. The underlying mechanisms responsible for the beneficial effect of LBR and FLBR on the longissimus thoracis (LT) and intramuscular fat (IMF) tissues of lambs were examined using multiomics techniques. Our findings showed that FLBR supplementation significantly enhanced the average daily gain, feed efficiency, and nutrient digestibility (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Serum total protein (P = 0.007) and glucose (P = 0.002) levels were higher in the FLBR-fed lambs, while urea nitrogen level was lower (P = 0.001). Additionally, the levels of rumen acetate (P = 0.002) and propionate (P = 0.011) were significantly elevated, while NH3-N, isobutyrate and isovalerate decreased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) following FLBR supplementation. Post-mortem meat quality was also improved by FLBR, as evidenced by enhanced total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase activity, pH, color a*, tenderness and water holding capacity (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), alongside a reduction in the malonaldehyde content (P < 0.001). Transcriptomic analysis identified 962 differentially expressed genes (DEGs, FLBR vs CON) and 782 DEGs (FLBR vs LBR) in LT, and 1313 DEGs (FLBR vs CON) and 1221 DEGs (FLBR vs LBR) in IMF. The ribosome signaling pathway related genes in LT tissue were activated by the FLBR diet (P < 0.05), showing a higher anabolism of protein. The genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis in IMF tissue were upregulated by the FLBR diet (P < 0.05), showing a higher anabolism of lipids. Metabolomics analysis identified the 1732 differential metabolites in LT tissue following FLBR supplementation, with significant alterations in metabolites such as carnosine, L-arginine and L-proline, which may serve as potential biomarkers for meat quality betterment. In conclusion, FLBR supplementation might have modified anabolism of proteins and fatty acid, as well as muscle metabolomic profiles, leading to improvements in both growth performance and meat quality in fattening lambs.

Anastomotic leak: genetic aspects of prediction and choice of surgical treatment tactics.

Aim: To improve the treatment results of patients with anastomotic leaks by studying genetic predisposition. Materials and Methods: The object of this prospective study were 17 patients with anastomotic leaks. A group of 80 practically healthy people was tested as control. Real-time PCR was used to investigate polymorphisms: C-1306 →T (MMP2), rs243865 та G303→A (TIMP2), rs9900972.To assess the state of connective tissue metabolism. Free oxyproline in blood serum and the level of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in urine were studied. Results: Having investigated the relationship of some clinical and laboratory indicators of patients with postoperative complications with the genotypes of the studied polymorphisms, we found data indicating the pathogenetic significance of the C/C allele of the MMP-2 gene (C-1306→T) and the G/G variant of the TIMP gene 2 (G303→A) as a risk factor for the failure of anastomotic sutures, which, unlike other groups of genetic polymorphisms, are statistically reliably accompanied by hypoproteinemia, elevated indicators of markers of protein catabolism, namely free blood oxyproline and urine GAGs. Thus, in the research group with AL, the carriers of the homozygous CC genotype of the MMP2 gene had significantly lower levels of total serum protein. Indicators of urinary GAGs and free oxyproline were almost three times higher than those of carriers of the minor TT genotype. Conclusions: Molecular genetic research is a new promising direction for the development of modern personalized diagnostic criteria and models for predicting the development and course of postoperative abdominal complications, in particular, anastomotic leaks.

Effect of Dietary Crude Protein Reduction Levels on Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Nitrogen Utilization, Blood Parameters, Meat Quality, and Welfare Index of Broilers in Welfare-Friendly Environments.

We investigated the effects of feeding different levels of crude protein (CP) on broiler performance, blood characteristics, meat quality, nutrient and nitrogen (N) availability, stress levels, and welfare indicators in a welfare environment. A total of 625 eight-day-old male broilers were assigned to five dietary CP levels (control (CON) and 1-4% CP reductions) during the grower (8-21 days) and finisher (22-35 days) periods. The CON diet contained 20% CP in the grower phase and 19% in the finisher phase, while all birds received a 22% CP diet during the starter period (1-7 days). Intriguingly, reducing CP levels in the diet did not significantly affect growth performance. These results may be due to the adequate supplementation of essential amino acids in the diets of all treatments and the compensatory growth observed in the finisher phase. Low-CP diets reduced CP digestibility, N intake, and N excretion, while N retention efficiency improved (p < 0.001). Serum total protein (TP) levels decreased equally with decreasing CP in the diet, and the crude fat content in meat increased linearly (p < 0.01). The litter moisture content and pH decreased with lower CP levels, and the welfare indices (footpad dermatitis (FPD), serum corticosterone, etc.) improved (p < 0.01). In conclusion, an appropriate reduction in CP levels in their diet can enhance broiler welfare by reducing N excretion and improving litter quality without adversely affecting performance.

UGT1A1 and BLVRA allele and genotype variants in neonatal patients with hyperbilirubinemia in southern China

We explore the allele and genotype distribution of UGT1A1 and BLVRA variants in individuals affected by neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in southern China. Blood specimens were collected from 240 neonates: 126 cases of hyperbilirubinemia and 114 healthy controls. Serum levels of total protein, albumin, bilirubin (total and direct), urea nitrogen, creatinine, and other biochemical parameters were quantified using a biochemical analyzer. Nine UGT1A1 and five BLVRA genetic variants were genotyped using flight time mass spectrometry. The allele and genotype frequencies of these variants and their associations with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia were analyzed. The genotype frequencies of CC and CG for the UGT1A1 variant rs11888492 in the hyperbilirubinemia group were 90.48% and 9.52%, respectively (P = 0.001), in comparison with the control group. The C and G allele frequencies of rs11888492 in the hyperbilirubinemia group were 95.24% and 4.76%, respectively (P = 0.023). Similarly, in the hyperbilirubinemia group, the genotype frequencies for the UGT1A1 variant rs4148325 were 90.48% CC, 8.73% CT, and 0.79% TT (P = 0.001), with corresponding allele frequencies of 94.84% for C and 5.16% for T (P = 0.002). No notable distinctions were detected for other variants. Newborns carrying the CC genotype of rs11888492 exhibited higher total bilirubin (TBIL) levels than those carrying the GG genotype (P = 0.034), whereas newborns carrying the CC genotype of rs4148325 displayed higher TBIL levels than those carrying the CT genotype (P = 0.003). The presence of the G allele at rs11888492 was found to be significantly correlated with a decreased likelihood of developing neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (odds ratio [OR]: 0.363; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.169–0.777). Furthermore, a substantial reduction in the risk of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia associated with the CT genotype of rs4148325 were revealed (OR = 0.242; 95% CI 0.102–0.574). Additionally, an inverse relationship was identified between TBIL concentration and the quantity of genetic variants. The UGT1A1 variants rs11888492 and rs4148325 are strongly associated with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in southern China.

Efficacy of probiotics combined with enteral nutrition therapy on intestinal flora, digestive tract symptoms and endogenous environment in patients with gastric cancer undergoing chemotherapy.

To investigate the effects of probiotics combined with enteral nutrition therapy on intestinal flora, digestive tract symptoms and endogenous environment in patients with gastric cancer undergoing chemotherapy. In this retrospective study, eighty patients with gastric cancer undergoing chemotherapy admitted to Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University from January 2021 to September 2023 were included and divided into two groups by random number table method: the enteral nutrition group and the probiotics combined enteral nutrition group (n=40 each group). The differences in the number of intestinal flora, nutritional indicators, immune function, endotoxin, D-lactic acid levels between the two groups, and the digestive tract symptoms of the two groups before and after treatment were compared and recorded. The levels of serum total protein (TP), prealbumin (PAB), albumin (ALB) and transferrin (TF) in both groups were higher than those before treatment, and those in the probiotics combined with enteral nutrition group were higher than those in the enteral nutrition group (p< 0.05). The levels of immunoglobulin A (lgA), immunoglobulin M (lgM) and immunoglobulin G (lgG) in the two groups were lower than before treatment, and those in the probiotics combined with the enteral nutrition group were lower than those in the enteral nutrition group (p< 0.05). Probiotics combined with enteral nutrition results in various benefits in the treatment of patients with gastric cancer undergoing chemotherapy, improving immunity, and reducing gastrointestinal symptoms.

Clinical Implications and Risk Factors of Dilatation of Remnant Pancreatic Duct at 1 Year after Pancreatoduodenectomy: A Prospective, Japanese, Multicenter, Observational Cohort Study (DAIMONJI Study).

To determine the precise frequency of main pancreatic duct (MPD) dilatation within the remnant pancreas at 1 year after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) and its clinical implications, a prospective multicenter cohort study was performed in patients without MPD dilatation before PD (registry number: UMIN000029662). Between October 2017 and July 2020, patients with an MPD diameter less than 3 mm who were planned to undergo PD for periampullary lesions at 21 hospitals were enrolled. The primary endpoints were frequency of MPD dilatation at 1 year after PD, and the relationship between MPD dilatation and pancreatic endo- and exocrine function, nutritional status, and fatty liver. Secondary endpoints were risk factors for MPD dilatation at 1 year after PD and time-course change in MPD diameter. Of 200 registered patients, 161 patients were finally analyzed. Pancreatic fistula was the most frequent complication (76; 47.2%). MPD dilatation (MPD > 3 mm) at 1 year after PD was seen in 35 patients (21.7%). Pancreatic exocrine function, assessed by steatorrhea, was significantly impaired in patients with MPD dilatation. However, endocrine function, nutrition status, and fatty liver development were comparable between the 2 groups. In multivariate analysis, the serum total protein level 7.3 g/dL or more was an independent predictor for MPD dilatation at 1 year after PD (odds ratio 3.12, 95% CI 1.31 to 7.15). A mean MPD diameter significantly increased at 6 months after PD and kept plateau thereafter. MPD dilatation at 1 year after PD was seen in 21.7% of patients and significantly associated with exocrine function impairment but not with endocrine function, nutrition status, or development of fatty liver.