Level Of Self-sufficiency Research Articles

Impact of decentralization on Ukraine local budgets formation

The subject of the research is an analysis of the decentralization impact on Ukraine local budgets formation. The purpose of this study is to find a solution to the problematic aspects of the formation of self-sufficient, financially wealthy communities by analyzing the impact of decentralization on the formation of local budgets and the budgets of the combined territorial communities. Method or methodology for conducting research. The study used a set of general scientific methods and techniques, namely: comparative analysis and synthesis, abstraction, the method of induction and deduction, idealization, generalization, analogy, modeling, as well as special - expert survey, grouping, forecasting. Results of work. Decentralization today is the most effective and efficient way to ensure the financial autonomy and sustainability of local authorities by transferring to them the powerful sources of budget revenues previously assigned to the central government, and expanding the financial base of administrative-territorial formations. That is, the introduction of a new model of financial support for local budgets consists in expanding the rights of local authorities, the sources of their formation, giving them full budgetary independence and creating real ground for the exercise of their powers. And in connection with the amendments to the Budget Code on the introduction of medium-term planning, the issue of reporting and evaluating the effectiveness of budget programs is relevant for financial services workers. The field of application of results: territorial communities of Ukraine. Conclusions according to the article. One of the important problems in the formation of local budgets is to ensure balanced socio-economic development of the regions and the formation of inter-budgetary relations in order to increase the level of financial self-sufficiency by strengthening budgetary decentralization. In order for the community to be able to carry out its tasks, it must have adequate financial resources to cover its own expenses. It is likely that the formation of financially self-sufficient administrative-territorial units requires changes not only in tax and budgetary legislation, but also in the territorial size of communities, districts and regions.

State regulation efficiency of food companies of Russia in sanction period

The article is dedicated to the new political course of the Russian Federation, aimed at overcoming the economic blockade of the countries of Europe, as well as the United States. Effective management of food enterprises should take into account the new economic con-ditions for the functioning of the food economic subsector. In view of the crisis associated with the spread of coronavirus, falling oil prices, the ruble situation, the development of an economic course to adapt the Russian food industry becomes paramount. Therefore, the purpose of this article is a set of government measures to regulate the dairy food complex of the Russian Federation, both federally and regionally for the period 2008-2018. An analysis of the dynamics of milk industry indicators showed that the level of self-sufficiency for the period 2008-2018 was below the standard: 0.90. The study correlated the economics "im-port" and "self-sufficiency". Based on the data, it is concluded that the Russian Federation needs global innovation in the food industry mainly to the effective management of the agricultural dairy subsector.

The origins of theoretical comprehension of adjective as a part of speech

The subject of this article is the examination theoretical approaches towards studying adjective as a part of speech, since the description of this lexical and grammatical group in the Crimean Tatar linguistics is incomplete. The aim goal consists in tracing the origins of theoretical comprehension of adjective as an independent part of speech. This linguistic research is based on the descriptive method. Methodological framework is comprised of the fundamental writing of prominent scholars: O. Jespersen, A. Potebnja, V. V. Vinogradov, A. M. Shcherbak, D. N. Shmelyov, and others. As a result, it was determined that the the word is attributed to a particular part of speech is in accordance with the scripted rules introduced by the linguists in the past. Languages and methods of their research have undergone significant changes. Accentuation of adjective among the parts of speech was related to the logical separation of the characteristic of thing from itself, on the level of understanding self-sufficiency of the characteristic as an empirical phenomenon, and the existence of special adjective words as names of quality. The acquired results and materials can be applied in basic and specialized educational courses on theoretical and practical grammar of the modern Crimean Tatar language in the section of “Morphology”.

Digital Cyclical Ecological Regional Self-Sufficient Economy

The economy is sphere of public work and the set of relations that form in the system of production, distribution, exchange and consumption. The paper examines the digital, cyclical, environmental and regional aspects of a cyclical digital environmental regional economy. The digital direction of the economy uses digital twins and robots as assistants to improve its quality, productivity and efficiency. The cyclical economy uses savings and profits to boost its competition and development. The environmental direction of the economy maintains the viability of the environment. The regional economy increases diversification and capacity of local production and preserves the environment in its territory regardless of the type of economic activity. Cyclical aspects of the economy of self-sufficiency mainly concern the financial round-up, and the closed reproduction cycle. Business models of cyclic reproduction realize its economic self-sufficiency. At present, Russia, China, the United States and EU integration education have achieved the optimal level of national economic self-sufficiency. Russia, the United States, and the EU have the necessary financial and human resources. At the same time, China, with excessive human resources, is pursuing a policy of expansion into developing and underdeveloped countries. The main reason for countries to abandon autarky policies in favor of globalization of research activities is the decline in profit levels. The reason for this situation lies in the availability of cheap labour and favourable economic conditions, and production in countries is therefore cheaper. The reason for globalization and the international division of labour lies in maximizing profits, and autarks in maximizing national production, i.e. self-sufficiency. The unity of the Autarky State must be ensured by the existence of economic, historical, cultural ties, as well as by national equilibrium.

The cost of increasing prosumer self-sufficiency

In this study, an investigation was made into the economic effects of the integration of residential-scale energy devices. The detailed calculations were performed using an experimentally validated model of a natural gas-fueled micro-cogenerator (micro-CHP) along with data from long-term measurements of a photovoltaic (PV) system. The model of the prosumer system was enriched by integrated electrical energy storage (EES) allowing the generated energy to be temporarily buffered. Various configurations of the integrated prosumer system were analyzed in terms of self-coverage of the energy demand, achieving a level of self-sufficiency from 28% to 98%, depending on the configuration. The economic effectiveness of the proposed solutions was discussed. The structure of the initial expenditure necessary to increase the financial viability of systems so that they are favorable for sustainable energy generation, and the potential changes in electricity prices, were determined and analyzed. For the initial economic assumptions used here, the decrease in micro-CHP investment expenditure was 4% for a system with integrated EES, 19% for one with a PV application and 15% for an integrated prosumer system (micro-CHP + PV + EES).

Evaluation of a micro-cogeneration unit with integrated electrical energy storage for residential application

This paper focuses on the difference between the application of a micro-cogeneration (μCHP) device (the reference case), and an integrated system consisting of a micro-cogeneration unit combined with electrical energy storage. A model of the analyzed μCHP system was previously developed by the authors and validated using experimental data. The model of the system was enhanced with an electrical energy storage model that takes into account the progressive degradation of the battery. The main novelty of the research that has been presented in this paper lies in a significant contribution to the time-domain modeling of amicro-cogeneration device with integrated electrical energy storage. A small time step has been used here in order to balance the electrical section of the model. For the reference μCHP-only system, the demand self-coverage fluctuates on an annual basis within the range of 21.6–33.9%. The results indicate a favorable effect of the implementation of electricity storage with the micro-cogeneration device, from the point of view of self-consumption. The use of a 5 kWh storage capacity increased the prosumer’s level of self-sufficiency to 41.2–59.9%. Results of the study are useful when the structure of distributed energy system is considered.

Emergence of Organisms.

Since early cybernetics studies by Wiener, Pask, and Ashby, the properties of living systems are subject to deep investigations. The goals of this endeavour are both understanding and building: abstract models and general principles are sought for describing organisms, their dynamics and their ability to produce adaptive behavior. This research has achieved prominent results in fields such as artificial intelligence and artificial life. For example, today we have robots capable of exploring hostile environments with high level of self-sufficiency, planning capabilities and able to learn. Nevertheless, the discrepancy between the emergence and evolution of life and artificial systems is still huge. In this paper, we identify the fundamental elements that characterize the evolution of the biosphere and open-ended evolution, and we illustrate their implications for the evolution of artificial systems. Subsequently, we discuss the most relevant issues and questions that this viewpoint poses both for biological and artificial systems.

DYNAMICS AND FEATURES OF FORMATION OF THE REGION'S FOOD SECURITY SYSTEM

Abstract Currently, food security problems are particularly acute in Ukraine, as the structure of the consumer basket is deteriorating, despite the sufficient number of calories consumed per capita. While the amount of meat and milk decreases, grain products increase, causing a deficiency of proteins, vitamins, macro- and microelements of animal origin, which leads to the so-called "hidden hunger". In addition, there is a negative trend of deteriorating food quality. The purpose of this article is research of the dynamics and features of the formation of the food security system in the region. During the period 2008-2019, the level of food security in the region decreased by 5 out of 10 types of food security. In 2019, the indicators of the actual annual consumption of food by the population of the region such as milk and dairy products, meat and meat products, fruits, berries and grapes decreased dramatically. The level of food consumption in half of the scientifically substantiated rational standards is considered critically dangerous. Examining the aspects of economic affordability of food in the region, significant reduction in the share of expenditures on household food in the structure of total expenditures for 2010-2019 up to 47.9% should be noted In addition, illusory (due to inflation during the national crisis of 2013-2014) is a quantitative increase in both monthly total aggregate expenditures and household expenditures on food. The study of the dynamics of changes in the structure of food consumption in households in the Black Sea region revealed a decrease in the share of the vast majority (8 out of 10) of species food consumption (in terms of primary product) on average per month per person for 2019. Steady high level of food consumption, other things being equal, gives grounds to draw conclusions about the stability of food supply, and analyzing the structure of food consumption, we can characterize the completeness of nutrition. The need to ensure food security in the region requires maintaining an appropriate level of food self-sufficiency, which involves the use of state support for domestic agri-food producers and measures to control the import of food and food products to protect their own producers from foreign competition. Key words: food security, food basket, organizational and economic mechanism, food security index, system of strategic priorities.

Self-sufficiency in food: prospects on the island of Fuwahmulah, Maldives

This article presents the findings of a study aimed at assessing prospects for self-sufficiency in food on the island of Fuwahmulah, Maldives. A mixed research methodology combining a survey on a representative sample and key informant interviews was used to elicit responses from households and crop growers respectively on their existing staple food items, perceptional suitability of locally grown crops as staple food and key issues affecting the cultivation of crops on the island. The research finds that the top three items consumed as staple foods in households are imported produce and items. Responses also indicate that locally-grown crops are perceived as suitable staple food for the island folks. The research concludes that prospects exist for a significant level of self-sufficiency which may be achievable with needed support.

THE PRACTICES AND FACTORS AFFECTING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INTEGRATED CATTLE AND OIL PALM FARMING SYSTEM IN MALAYSIA

Purpose of the study: The Malaysian government had encouraged the adoption of integrated cattle and oil palm farming systems (ICOFS) since the year 1998. This is due to large areas of land suitable for ICOFS in Malaysia that can be well utilized. The efforts made in increasing the demand for meat nationwide and growing dependency on imported meat are among the reasons that ICOFS has become significant to be implemented today. Apart from that, Malaysia needs to increase the self-sufficiency level of national meat production to 32.7% by 2020 as stated in the National Agri-Food Policy 2011-2020. Despite this, only a small number of farmers have adopted ICOFS in Malaysia and less is known so far about the farmer's attitudes towards the ICOFS in Malaysia.
 Methodology: Therefore, this study aimed to explore the current practice as well as factors affecting and constraints to the adoption of ICOFS in Malaysia. Interviews of four selected experts in ICOFS were held to examine the current practice of ICOFS in Malaysia.
 Main Findings: Results from the interviews and literature review have been cross-compared to develop questionnaire instruments. Then, the survey questionnaire was carried out to 153 adopters and non-adopters of ICOFS in Johor, Malaysia to identify the key factors that influence the adoption of ICOFS.
 Applications of this study: The study found that information and know-how and availability of skilled labor are the significant factors that encourage farmers to adopt ICOFS. On the other hand, government support and policy constraint and production and on-farm constraint are the significant constraints hindering the adoption of ICOFS.
 Novelty/Originality of this study: Based on the findings of this study, one of the measures to increase the rate of adoption of ICOFS is by helping the farmers to hire extra labor and to have skills needed. Furthermore, the rate of ICOFS could also be increased by helping the farmers to have better control over weed, pests, and diseases on the farm as well as not interrupting their oil palm production. In addition, it is suggested to provide them with more opportunities for incentives, training, and technical support from the field officers. It is suggested for future research to explore the effect of factors affecting adoption and constraints to adoption on other attitudinal and psychological outcomes such as satisfaction, success, involvement, and degree of use.

Https://panor.ru/articles/analiz-i-otsenka-kadrovoy-bezopasnosti-predpriyatiy-apk/58194.html

The article considers the place of agriculture in the economy, the structure of agricultural products in general and by category of farms in the Russian Federation and in the Republic of Buryatia. The dynamics of physical volumes of agricultural products is presented, availability and efficiency of use of production resources are analyzed, the level of self-sufficiency of the Republic of Buryatia in the main types of agricultural products is studied.

Subsidizing agricultural production of the region to achieve food security

According to the current Food Security Doctrine, in the Russian Federation, the main indicator of food security is food self-sufficiency. Along with this indicator, we propose to use the self-sufficiency level indicator when planning food security of a certain territory and introduce the concept of the adequacy of state support. Based on calculations, it can be stated that the existing subsidy system of the Samara region is suboptimal in terms of ensuring food security. Subsidies for four product groups are almost equal to agricultural state support in the Samara region, which indicates underfunding of production of these and other product groups.

Optimising Pandemic Response through Self-Sufficiency – A Review Paper

Self-Sufficiency is an undermined subject that has not been given attention since the early days of Socialism and the beginning of Marxism. With the capital-based economy and the rise of globalisation, most countries reached their lowest self-sufficiency level ever with the majority having only 20% capacity to depend on their products. This paper explores why SF is important now during the pandemic and in the New Norma and how these current conditions brought more opportunities for the subject to make people and decision-makers release more from the pros and cons of globalisation. The paper explores how countries and communities could benefit from SF to re-build more independent communities through optimising concepts as the eco-villages and animal farming that would also encourage the making of sustainable cities. The challenges and the solutions of future food security SF projects establishment are presented as part of the contribution of this paper. Further studies in the area SF during lockdown are recommended to extract the best methodologies of maintaining livelihood while we are fighting for life.

URBANISATION AND THE CONCERNS FOR FOOD SECURITY IN MALAYSIA

Urbanization is an effect of population growth. Increasing population contributed to the expanding of urban areas as cities try to accommodate more people within a minimal landscape. Urbanization takes up valuable land, sometimes productive agricultural land that feeds the population. The objectives of this paper are to investigate the connection between urban sprawl and its impact on agricultural productivity, and ultimately whether it affects food security in Malaysia. For this qualitative exploratory review exercise, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of secondary data was employed as the base for this study. Data mining techniques were used to gather relevant literature that included archival data, academic writings, and publications. The data are then dissected, analysed, and clustered using Atlas ti 8 software, focusing on thematic analysis. Urbanisation did affect the self-sufficiency level (SSL) of Malaysian food security, especially on landintensive food products such as vegetables and livestock. Recent government initiatives such as urban farming, land use policies were promoted to reduce the differences in food imports, ensuring Malaysian food security to be at an acceptable level. Significant development of this population dense proximity has created urban sprawl beyond the city limits, taking up valuable land space. Land-use conversion from agricultural land in Malaysia has been studied regarding its adverse effects on agricultural production. Urbanization therefore does affect food security through the land conversion of agricultural lands.

Financial Evaluation of Sugar Cane Production Experince in Diyala Province

Despite the economic and nutritional importance of the sugar cane crop as a strategic crop، its cultivation and production in Iraq is still below the required level of self-sufficiency due to the growing demand for its uses، Hence the motivation of researchers to cultivate this important strategic crop for the first time in Diyala province located in the eastern part of central Iraq to contribute to improve the local production، therefore the research aimed at assessing the efficiency of the performance of these projects in the province A year of productivity 2018، through the study of indicators and economic efficiency criteria. The results of the study of the economic criteria used for the total projects considered that all the projects studied were of technical feasibility، with economic profit amounted to about 26410.5 thousand dinars، but net cash income amounted to 34145 thousand dinars، and The investor has reached 1.755 dinars and a productivity of 75.5%، which means that the single dinar generates a profit of 755 fils، and a simple rate of return of 75.5%، which reflects the efficiency of the projects to achieve economic profits during the productive year، as for the period of capital recovery was 1.280 years ، That is، the period when the product recovers good and short، the parity point standard as a ratio of 0.23% which low and this reflects the high production safety ، As for the employment rate، it was about 0.569، which is low، and finally the productivity of the changing capital is about 2.23 dinars. We conclude from the study of sugar cane projects that it has achieved economic and technical feasibility and the investment opportunities that are meaningful and have good economic returns and therefore the study recommends the need to invest in these projects because of the revenues and profits and the contribution to the supply of the national product in quantities of production.

AN ECONOMIC STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT IN IRAQ FOR THE PERIOD 1991-2018 USING TODA-YAMAMOTO CAUSALITY TEST

This study aims to analyze empirically the causality relationship between agricultural imports and agricultural product in Iraq for the period 1991-2018 basing on the causality developed by Toda – Yamamoto. Results indicated that there is a bidirectional causality relationship between agricultural imports and agricultural product, throw the value of chi-square which was 5.6 in case of the dependent variable is agricultural product, and this value was significant at 5% level. While the value of chi-square was 6.2 in case of the dependent variable is agricultural imports, and it is significant also at 5% level. That means there is a bidirectional causality relationship between the two variables in Iraq. The study recommended that it is necessary int to interest to import the investment agricultural goods in order to support agricultural production, and to increase the level of self-sufficiency in Iraq.

Trade relations of Ukraine on the cereal crops market under conditions of COVID-19 pandemic

COVID-19 pandemic that broke out in the beginning of 2020 introduced implications in the course of global trade relations. Countries of the world have applied temporary measures for regulation their foreign economic activity in various sectors, and, first of all, in the fields of food and medical supplies. Cereal crops play an important role in ensuring national food security, while being one of the main foods for consumption, as well as an important component of the country's economic growth, since they are a key commodity group in the foreign economic activity of Ukraine. The article discusses the impact of the newly formed pandemic implications on the cereal crops trade balance of Ukraine. Based on the calculation of food balance sheets, self-sufficiency and import dependency ratios of Ukraine for selected cereals were identified with further formulation of recommendations to increase the level of self-sufficiency for rice in Ukraine.

THE ADOPTION OF INNOVATION IN RUMINANT FARMING FOR FOOD SECURITY IN MALAYSIA: A NARRATIVE LITERATURE REVIEW

The ruminant sub-sector is vital in the agriculture sector as one of the protein sources besides poultry and fish. In recent years, the self-sufficiency level (SSL) of ruminant meat in Malaysia is discouraging, while the import value kept increasing. Yet, food security has become a crucial issue in meat production. However, it believed that adopting innovation in ruminant farming can improve production if it used in the right way. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of understanding on this matter. Hence, this paper aims to review the existing literature to elaborate on the current situation in ruminant farming and factors influencing farmers toward the adoption of innovation. This review would be beneficial for researchers and stakeholders to improve the existing policy and enhancing ruminant meat production through innovation.

THE INCOME-EXPENDITURE PATTERN OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: A MEASURE ON DEGREE OF IMPORTANCE OF EXPENDITURE ITEMS

The objectives of this study are; i) to identify students’ expenditure pattern; ii) to determine students’ expenditure level and expenditure composition of total income and finally, iii) to measure the degree of importance of the expenditure items. A total of 301 university students participated in this study. The instrument used for data collection is a questionnaire set, which is constructed by using Google form and is distributed through link sharing. The data are analysed by using SPSS version 23 software. The findings of the analyses documented, the average (calculated) income level of the students is RM539.70. For expenditure pattern analysis, students allocate the highest amount of money on Foods & Beverages and Accommodation. These two items are considered as the most important items than others in the list. A moderate amount of money (RM50-RM80) is allocated for items 3 (Stationery), 4 (Transportation), 10 (Personal Goods) and least amount of money is allocated for the rest of items. The analysis on the Degree of Importance of Expenditure Items provides indication Foods & Beverages, and Accommodation again is ranked as the most (Very) important expenditure items to the university student. Other items are in the ranking of Important and Moderately Important items. With an average (calculated) income level equals to RM539.70, the expenses for the main two items (Foods & Beverages and Accommodation) totalled up RM498.61 or is 92. 39% of the overall income. Following the priority ranking, the leftover of RM41 may be allocated either for internet or for other necessity items. The overall findings lead us to conclude, the university students’ income is relatively low and barely meet the self-sufficiency level. In assisting and enhancing the challenging life of a university student, the authorities need to further investigate and diagnose the issue; and restructuring on the value of loan provision for university students is necessary if needed.

Sustainable economy: evaluation of food self-sufficiency in Russia

The level of food self-sufficiency is a relevant aspect of food security. The paper studies food self-sufficiency in the context of economic and physical availability of food. It develops an approach to assessing the level of food self-sufficiency which includes a number of indicators, such as international trade, food consumption standards and diversification of food imports. Empirical testing of the approach is performed within the agricultural sector of Russia for 2012–2018, where import substitution policy is being actively implemented. The research results demonstrate that in Russia only three food groups are self-sufficient, whereas all other categories are characterized by extremely low self-sufficiency levels. Having compared the self-sufficiency levels, the authors discover a discrepancy between the assessment method applied by the Russian Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) and that proposed in the paper; the difference between the two methods can reach up to 40%. The study indicates that there is a decrease in diversification of imports, which poses the risk of undersupply of foodstuffs. The research finds that the domestic production of grains exceeds the rational consumption norms, which results in the excessive consumption of this type of food, if compared to the recommended standards. At the same time, self-sufficiency in dairy products and vegetables is low and self-sufficiency in fruits is extremely low. The article concludes that Russia’s Food Security Doctrine is focused on production, but not consumer, which necessitates its assessment indicators to be revised.