Level Of Self-determination Research Articles

Assessment of Self-Determination in Adolescents with Neonatal Brachial Plexus Palsy

BackgroundThe term self-determination refers to decision-making, goal setting, and perseverance to achieve those goals. Numerous studies have established the importance of self-determination to enhance learning and improve postschool outcomes. However, most studies evaluate students with learning disabilities, cognitive impairment, or behavioral disabilities. There is an absence of research on self-determination for adolescents with physical disabilities. ObjectiveTo assess self-determination of adolescents with neonatal brachial plexus palsy (NBPP) compared with their typically developing peers via self-reported measures of function. DesignCase-control study. SettingBrachial plexus clinic. ParticipantsTwenty adolescents with NBPP (aged 10-17 years) and their parents and 20 age/gender-matched typically developing adolescents and their parents were recruited. Non–English-speaking participants and those with other physical impairments were excluded from study. MethodsParticipants completed demographic and American Institutes for Research (AIR) self-determination surveys. One of two designated occupational therapists evaluated participant physical function. Main Outcome MeasurementsA demographic survey and AIR self-determination assessment were administered, and active range of motion measurements in shoulder forward flexion, elbow flexion, elbow extension, forearm pronation, and supination were obtained. Grip/pinch strength, MRC muscle strength, 9-Hole Peg Test, and Mallet scale scores also were evaluated. ResultsDespite physical differences, adolescents with NBPP presented similar self-determination levels as their typically developing peers. Adolescents with NBPP rated their opportunities to engage in self-determined behaviors at school significantly lower than at home. Both adolescents with NBPP and those in the control group rated their opportunities to engage in self-determined behaviors at school significantly lower than at home. ConclusionsAdolescents with NBPP presented similar self-determination scores as their age/gender-matched typically developing peers. These results could be a reflection of our program’s patient- and family-centered care approach. Therefore, caregivers and providers should encourage personal development and fulfillment in adolescents with NBPP. Teachers and schools should be aware that opportunities for acquiring self-determination skills might be more limited at school than at home in this age group. Level of EvidenceIII

Personal and Social Responsibility among Athletes: the Role of Self-Determination, Achievement Goals and Engagement.

The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between motivation, engagement and personal and social responsibility among athletes. Based on the literature, a survey was conducted including measures of motivation, considering task orientation and ego orientation, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, and amotivation. We also measured the components of engagement (dedication, confidence, vigor and enthusiasm) and the components of personal and social responsibility. A total of 517 athletes from different types of sports participated in the study. The results gathered through a structural equation model revealed that task orientation had the strongest relationship with personal responsibility and social responsibility, followed by engagement. Self-determination levels were not associated with personal and social responsibility. These results suggest that monitoring of task orientation and engagement levels should be performed by coaches as a strategy to develop personal and social responsibility among their athletes. Moreover, findings from this study provide scholars with a tool to aid them in managing athletes’ levels of personal and social responsibility.

Preliminary validation of the Perceived Locus of Causality scale for academic motivation in the context of university studies (PLOC-U).

Research has shown that self-determination theory can be useful in the study of motivation in sport and other forms of physical activity. The Perceived Locus of Causality (PLOC) scale was originally designed to study both. The current research presents and validates the new PLOC-U scale to measure academic motivation in the university context. We tested levels of self-determination before and after academic examinations. Also, we analysed degree of internalization of extrinsic motivation in students' practical activities. Two hundred and eighty-seven Spanish university students participated in the study. Data were collected at two time points to check the reliability and stability of PLOC-U by a test-retest procedure. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed on the PLOC-U. Also convergent validity was tested against the Academic Motivation Scale (EME-E). Confirmatory factor analysis showed optimum fit and good reliability of PLOC-U. It also presented excellent convergent validity with the EME-E and good stability over time. Our findings did not show any significant correlation between self-determination and expected results before academic examinations, but it did so afterwards, revealing greater regulation by and integration of extrinsic motivation. The high score obtained for extrinsic motivation points to a greater regulation associated with an external contingency (rewards in the practical coursework). PLOC-U is a good instrument for the measurement of academic motivation and provides a new tool to analyse self-determination among university students.

Prevalence and association of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder with academic performance among female university students.

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is particularly a female psychological disorder that has consequences on female students' behavior, cognitive abilities, mental health status, and academic performance. To examine the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and PMDD, and their relationship with academic performance among female university students in Jordan. Prospective-correlational design was employed among 858 university students. Data collected in regards to daily record of signs of PMDD and PMS, academic motivation, and student's involvement. Prevalence of PMS was 92.3% and that of PMDD was 7.7%. There were significant differences in self-determination levels between students with PMS and those with PMDD. PMDD symptoms have a negative impact on female students' academic performance; thus, mental health professionals have a major role in determining factors that buffer severity of PMDD among females.

Asserting Tribal Sovereignty through Compact Negotiations: A Case Study of the Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana

Asserting Tribal Sovereignty through Compact NegotiationsA Case Study of the Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana Jay Precht (bio) In 2001 Lovelin Poncho, chairman of the Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana, declared the community’s new gaming compact with the state “a win for southwest Louisiana, our local communities and for the tribe.” The agreement included an unprecedented appendix that dictated how local non-Indian governments would divide Coushatta grants, required annual audits, and included a safeguard that decreased Coushatta payments if casino revenue fell. This agreement suggests that the Coushattas had successfully navigated what political scientists Jeff Corntassel and Richard C. Witmer call the “politics of perception” in the era of “forced federalism.” According to Corntassel and Witmer, the increasing role of state governments in Indian affairs, highlighted by tribal-state compacts required for Indian casinos, marked a new era in federal Indian policy beginning in 1988 that increasingly forced tribal leaders to use new political strategies to deal with negative public perceptions of gaming tribes. Obstacles faced by tribal leaders during this new era include demands that gaming revenue fund state and local governments and assumptions by outsiders, including government officials, that tribes are unable to handle their new business ventures. As a result, these tribal leaders have increased their political participation at the state and federal levels to overcome opposition to Indian gaming and often to influence overall gaming policy. Corntassel and Witmer’s forced federalism survey of tribal leaders begins to assess the impact of these new relationships, but only by studying the recent histories of specific gaming tribes can scholars fully understand how successfully these communities have employed lobbying strategies to assert their sovereignty and how different [End Page 67] regional, economic, cultural, and historical contexts impact a tribe’s ability to maintain or even increase their level of self-determination through negotiations with state, local, and federal governments. This article offers a case study of the Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana, a community with a successful casino and increased political influence in their region, based on the correspondence of local Coushatta and non-Coushatta political leaders, newspaper articles, and an analysis of the tribe’s 1992 and 2001 gaming compacts with the state of Louisiana. Between 1990 and 2001 the Coushatta Tribal Council overcame both internal and external political opposition and successfully navigated policy shifts on the local, state, and federal levels as each government adjusted to the challenges and opportunities created by Indian gaming, illustrating Steven Andrew Light’s contention that politics often prove more important than laws for issues surrounding Indian gaming. Coushatta success stemmed in part from a tradition of successful diplomacy, a clearly established Indigenous identity, experience working with local and state governments, and lessons learned from an earlier attempt to establish gaming on the reservation. However, the tribal government’s success came at a cost, as the push to establish their casino also marginalized tribal citizens opposed to the venture, and efforts to limit competition in their market embroiled the tribe in a lobbying scandal.1 Throughout their history, the Coushattas practiced shrewd diplomacy to ensure their survival and prosperity. The Coushattas have lived in their current location near Bayou Blue north of Elton, Louisiana, since the late nineteenth century. However, before settling there, community members relocated repeatedly to ally with powerful Indigenous confederacies to enhance their defense and trade opportunities. They often located in borderlands between European and European American nations to facilitate diplomacy. They made their first move between 800 and 1200 from their original homeland west of the Mississippi to the Tennessee River Valley and formed part of the Coosa chiefdom. Faced with English-inspired Cherokee and Westo slave raids, the Coushattas moved to the convergence of the Coosa and Tallapoosa Rivers in present-day Alabama in the seventeenth century and joined the Creek Confederacy. By the late eighteenth century, Coushattas had begun moving west to Louisiana, then Texas, and by the mid-nineteenth century, some of them had moved back into Louisiana, settling first at Indian Village near Kinder before finally homesteading land along Bayou [End Page 68] Blue beginning in 1884. In 1898 a Coushatta woman named Sissy Robinson put her 160-acre estate in trust with...

Las intimidades colectivas de la Clase Obrera. Vida urbana y cultura popular en las ciudades de principios del siglo XX

A menudo se habla en referencia a la clase obrera de una cultura de resistencia traducida en procesos de reapropiación. Una cosa es cierta: de una forma o de otra, el obrero reelabora con otras finalidades las estructuras y las normas sociales que le son impuestas. Pero el paso al acto de autonomía como viene a significar esa reapropiación está en función de los recursos de que dispone y varía según la conciencia individual, el grupo familiar o la organización política de la cual el individuo puede formar parte. Se hace patente, pues, un nivel de autodeterminación, como margen para la libertad individual, que permitiría una tipo de “cambio interior” y que haría posible a cada cual resistir las normas y regular la intensidad y la combinación entre el ámbito de lo colectivo y el ámbito de lo privado. La moral colectiva se construye en este entorno en que el imaginario social articula todo un entramado de representaciones autónomas.

Goal setting and planning for Norwegian students with and without intellectual disabilities: Wishing upon a star?

Being able to set personal high-quality goals and having the skills to make plans for goal attainment are associated with higher performance, increased student involvement at school, and higher levels of self-determination. This study examines self-reported goals of 83 Norwegian elementary and lower secondary school students with and without intellectual disabilities. The study also looks into whether students feel that they learn goal setting and planning skills at school. Findings suggest that students are able to identify process and product goals for themselves. Most students set academic goals for themselves, followed by career goals and sports-related leisure time goals. No significant differences were found between typically developing students and students with intellectual disabilities. While roughly two-thirds of all students reported that they feel encouraged to set goals for themselves at school, almost 60% of all students expressed that they did not learn planning skills at school. This finding indicates the need to assist teachers with instructional materials for how to teach students these important skills for self-determination.

Middle Adolescents’ Motivations to Care for Older Persons in an Economically Vulnerable Community

ABSTRACTIn the light of ageing populations and limited resources, care is becoming increasingly important in intergenerational relations. Qualitative research was conducted to investigate the motivations of middle adolescents to care for older persons (people aged 60 years). Data from journal entries and the Mmogo-method® of 15 Setswana-speaking adolescents (aged 12–16 years) from South Africa were obtained and analyzed thematically. We found that middle adolescents were moved to care for older persons by extrinsic motivation and internalized external motivators with varying levels of self-determination with no evidence of intrinsic motivation. The findings indicate, therefore, that the care needs of older persons may be at risk.

Women's Self-determination in Cooperative Tourism Microenterprises

The purpose of this study is to better understand how cooperative forms of microentrepreneurship influence women's self-determination. Utilizing the framework of self-determination theory, this study employed a multiple case study approach that involved in-depth interviews, content analysis, field notes, and direct observations. Findings indicate that livelihood opportunities afforded under cooperative tourism microentrepreneurship offer women increased levels of self-determination, but that economic improvements alone are not sufficient in enhancing overall well-being. This study provides a detailed account of the strategies indigenous women employ to enhance their self-determination under cooperative tourism microentrepreneurship models. The results of this study suggest that programs by governments and NGOs should consider non-individual benefits when they engage with communities in tourism planning initiatives. Additionally, interventions aimed at women must also engage men or women may suffer from tensions at home. Finally, this study indicates that simply offering access to credit does not foster self-reliant development. The structures of cooperative models determine outcomes. Therefore, whenever possible, microentrepreneurship models should be designed to enhance strong cooperative social structures.

The Role of Gender, Race/Ethnicity, and Disability Status on the Relationship Between Student Perceptions of School and Family Support and Self-Determination

The role of gender, race/ethnicity, and disability category in the relationship between student perceptions of family support of personal growth and school facilitation of student involvement and the development of self-determination was examined in a sample of 190 diverse high school students with disabilities. Results indicated that both school and family support was positively related to self-determination. Disability group and gender were significant contributors to level of self-determination of students whereas age and race/ethnicity were not. Implications for practice include a discussion of ways in which schools can provide collaborative opportunities for the development of self-determination that are sensitive to individual youth differences.

Knowing, planning for and fearing death: Do adults with intellectual disability and disability staff differ?

BackgroundAdults with intellectual disability (ID) are thought to understand less about death than the general population but there is no available research demonstrating this. Further, the detail of any possible differences in understanding is unknown. MethodsWe compared the responses of 39 adults with mild or moderate ID and 40 disability staff (representing the general population) on (a) understanding the concept of death, (b) knowledge of and self-determination about end-of-life planning, and (c) fear-of-death. ResultsWe found that adults with ID had a significantly poorer understanding of the concept of death, knew much less about and were less self-determined about end-of-life planning, but reported greater fear-of-death. ConclusionsWe demonstrated, for the first time, the feasibility of assessing end-of-life planning and fear-of-death among adults with ID. The poorer understanding and lower levels of self-determination we found suggest that future research should develop and evaluate interventions to increase understanding and self-determination.

Motivos à prática regular de futebol e futsal

This study aims to identify the reasons that lead adolescents to practice soccer and futsal. Thus, the Inventory of Motives for the Regular Practice of Physical and/or Sports Activities (IMPRAFE-54) was applied to 61 adolescents, ranging from 13 to 17 years old, soccer or futsal players. The results indicated that the main reason to regular practice of these sports in adolescents is pleasure. After that, stand competitiveness, health and sociability. Aesthetics and especially stress control do not seem to be important reasons for this population. The results indicated a high level of self-determination in these individuals, as the pleasure dimension is the most prominent, indicating a greater sign of intrinsic motivation. Stress control is the only dimension which did not exceed the expected mean. These results corroborated with some other studies with individuals at this age and other specific studies of these sports. Finally, it is expected to contribute in a way that shows this public’s real interests, helping coaches and sport psychologists in the development of their work with these youngsters.

Beyond Acceptance and Resistance: A Socio-Technical Approach to the Exploration of Intergroup Differences in ICT Use and Non-use at Work

Through a socio-technical approach and based on abductive case study analysis, this work explores the antecedents of differences in ICT use between two different employee groups in the same organizations. Prior to the large-scale implementation of a complex ERP system, one of the groups consisted of experienced ICT users, while the other consisted of inexperienced users. The significance of the nature of the interplay between task-technology fit, the leadership and the ICT-organization integration processes, and employees’ levels of self-determination, is investigated in relation to different user practices, and in particular, how it may institutionalize involuntary non-use for the group of inexperienced employees. Previous experience is a moderating variable, together with participation and interaction possibilities in everyday work. In a perspective of sociomateriality where user practices are seen as developing through situated everyday actions and interactions, the relationship between demands, control and support and inherent need satisfaction is elaborated. This study shows that employees’ use or non-use of new ICT has to do with how leadership behaviors affect the ICT-organization integration process and its outcomes, and how this process may serve the experienced employee group over the inexperienced, and as such contribute to involuntary non-use of new ICT for the latter.

The impact of nonlinear pedagogy on physical education teacher education students’ intrinsic motivation

Background: Providing motivationally supportive physical education experiences for learners is crucial, since empirical evidence in sport and physical education research has associated intrinsic motivation with positive educational outcomes. Self-determination theory (SDT) provides a valuable framework for examining motivationally supportive physical education experiences through satisfaction of three basic psychological needs: autonomy, competence and relatedness. However, the capacity of the prescriptive teaching philosophy of the dominant traditional physical education teaching approach to effectively satisfy the psychological needs of students to engage in physical education has been questioned. The constraints-led approach (CLA) has been proposed as a viable alternative teaching approach that can effectively support students’ self-motivated engagement in physical education.Purpose: We sought to investigate whether adopting the learning design and delivery of the CLA, guided by key pedagogical principles of nonlinear pedagogy (NLP), would address basic psychological needs of learners, resulting in higher self-reported levels of intrinsic motivation. The claim was investigated using action research. The teacher/researcher delivered two lessons aimed at developing hurdling skills: one taught using the CLA and the other using the traditional approach.Participants and setting: The main participant for this study was the primary researcher and lead author who is a PETE educator, with extensive physical education teaching experience. A sample of 54 pre-service PETE students undertaking a compulsory second-year practical unit at an Australian university was recruited for the study, consisting of an equal number of volunteers from each of two practical classes. A repeated measures experimental design was adopted, with both practical class groups experiencing both teaching approaches in a counterbalanced order.Data collection and analysis: Immediately after participation in each lesson, participants completed a questionnaire consisting of 22 items chosen from validated motivation measures of basic psychological needs and indices of intrinsic motivation, enjoyment and effort. All questionnaire responses were indicated on a 7-point Likert scale. A two-tailed, paired-samples t-test was used to compare the groups’ motivation subscale mean scores for each teaching approach. The size of the effect for each group was calculated using Cohen's d. To determine whether any significant differences between the subscale mean scores of the two groups was due to an order effect, a two-tailed, independent samples t-test was used.Findings: Participants’ reported substantially higher levels of self-determination and intrinsic motivation during the CLA hurdles lesson compared to during the traditional hurdles lesson. Both groups reported significantly higher motivation subscale mean scores for competence, relatedness, autonomy, enjoyment and effort after experiencing the CLA than mean scores reported after experiencing the traditional approach. This significant difference was evident regardless of the order that each teaching approach was experienced.Conclusion: The theoretically based pedagogical principles of NLP that inform learning design and delivery of the CLA may provide teachers and coaches with tools to develop more functional pedagogical climates, which result in students exhibiting more intrinsically motivated behaviours during learning.

From hospital to home: the drive to support people with intellectual disabilities in the community

For over a hundred years, institutional care was the predominant form of state provision for people with intellectual disabilities. This began to change in the second half of the twentieth century as the extent of abuse and deprivation suffered by long-stay hospital residents was repeatedly exposed, and as the legal, civil, and human rights of people with intellectual disabilities came to be recognized. As the drive to develop systems of care and support in the community has gathered pace, different interpretations of ‘community care’ have become apparent. Many residential services, from large residential homes to small group homes, claim to provide community care yet replicate the oppressive and controlling institutional culture of the old long-stay hospitals, while, in other places, innovative and creative support services enable people with intellectual disabilities to determine how, where and with whom they live. It is argued that being properly supported to live ordinary lives as part of their local community, and to access the same facilities, services and opportunities as other citizens, is key to success for people with intellectual disabilities. Living in the community may never be risk-free, but with the right support, it offers levels of self-determination, satisfaction, and safety that cannot be matched.

Brand Engagement for University Students in Depending on the Structure of Values

The study demonstrates the relationship between the brand engagement, depending on the structure of values in Slovak university students (N=307, AM age=22.3 years).The results show, that for the engagement of brand among Slovak university students the strongest predictor is factor power, benevolence, hedonism and self-determination. Slovak university students attach engagement to brands according to display of certain power, which may be related to satisfaction of social needs, with emphasis on interpersonal relationships. The perception of the engagement of the brand is associated with lower levels of self-determination, benevolence and higher level of hedonism. Slovak university students can be reached by emphasizing social status and prestige leading to the satisfaction of social contact, highlighting the enjoyment of life and some sensuality with lower levels of independence, freedom, openness and loyalty, responsibility, sense of life.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ СМЫСЛОЖИЗНЕННЫХ ИНТЕНЦИЙ В КУЛЬТУРЕ

В статье анализируется природа ценностей как определенной формы отношения к миру. Отмечается, что проблема ценностей – это проблема значимости чего-либо, в отличие от просто существования. Аргументируется, что значение и смысл – формы бытия ценности для субъекта. Особенность смысла состоит также в том, что он непосредственно связан с целеполаганием, с идеальным образом вещи или действия, неким образцом, идеалом. Обосновывается, что утверждение общечеловеческих ценностей возможно при условии формирования личностного «Я» с определенным уровнем самодетерминации и внутренней свободы. Акцентируется, что высшие общечеловеческие ценности предусматривают иной уровень единения, более глубокий, нежели общность условий бытия. Они символизируют всеобщность человеческого самосознания, его надличностность, духовное единство. Подчеркивается, что в современном обществе происходят значительные динамические процессы, определяющей особенностью которых является не только обострение социальных дифференциаций, но и углубление диспозиций в системе переживаний. The article examines the nature of values as a certain form of relationship to the world. It is noted that the problem of values is a problem of the significance of something but not a problem of the existence of anything. It is argued that the significance and sense are forms of existence of value for the subject. Specific feature of a sense also consists in the fact that it is directly related to the goal setting and ideal image of a thing or of an action, to some sample and ideal. It is substantiated that assertion of universal values is possible on condition of formation of the individual “I” with a certain level of self-determination and inner freedom. It is accented that the highest universal human values provide another level of generality, which is deeper than the affinity of the conditions of life. These values symbolize the universality of human consciousness, its trans personality, spiritual unity. It is emphasized that in today’s society there are significant dynamic processes, the main feature of which is not only aggravation of social differentiations but also deepening of dispositions in the system of experiences.

A Multiple-Group Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Self-Determination Between Groups of Adolescents With Intellectual Disability or Learning Disabilities

Promoting self-determination has been identified as an important practice for the successful transition of youth and young adults with disabilities, and numerous studies have examined the relationship between levels of self-determination and transition-related and postsecondary outcomes. Only a few such studies, however, have examined the global self-determination of students with disabilities. The majority of those studies measured self-determination using The Arc’s Self-Determination Scale (SDS) and involved students with intellectual disability (ID) or learning disabilities (LD), examining the impact of interventions, environment, disability category, intelligence level, and gender on self-determination. Although students with intellectual and LD are often studied as a single group, for students with cognitive disabilities, there have been no studies that examine whether assessments are measuring the same construct within these two populations. The purpose of this study is to test for measurement invariance to examine further whether a measure like the SDS is assessing the same concept in students with ID and in students with LD by conducting analysis with a series of multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results showed that the SDS is measuring the same construct across both groups; however, significant differences in both groups were found in latent variances/covariances and latent means.

Hierarchy Formation and Self-Determination

1. Stefano I. Di Domenico[1][1] 2. Marc A. Fournier[1][1] 1. 1University of Toronto Scarborough, Ontario, Canada 1. Stefano I. Di Domenico, Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada. Email: s.didomenico{at}mail.utoronto.ca We examined how self-determination, the subjective experience of one’s behavior as internally initiated and personally endorsed, depends on one’s standing in real-world social hierarchies. We predicted that those with the traits most relevant to status attainment would be those afforded the most opportunities to be self-determining. We examined the trait of physical attractiveness, given its documented association with social status and no known association with self-determination. First-year undergraduates living in same-sex residences rated their housemates’ social status, while an independent set of observers rated the participants’ physical attractiveness. Consistent with prediction, physically attractive individuals attained the highest levels of social status; in turn, those who attained the highest levels of social status experienced the highest levels of self-determination. These findings provide new insights into self-determination as an inherently relational phenomenon and specifically highlight the formative influence of social status on people’s capacities for self-determination. [1]: #aff-1

Understanding and influencing eco-luxury consumers

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explain how the role of marketing for luxury brands can be re-thought in order to ensure that such brands establish a strong connection between their luxury image and positive social and environmental values. Design/methodology/approach – The findings are based upon qualitative empirical research which informed a new categorisation of consumer motivations, through the application of self-determination theory which shows how concerns for environmental and social sustainability can be integrated with individual psychological needs. Findings – The findings provide a deep understanding of consumers of luxury-eco products which could be used by marketing practitioners to shape socially responsible purchasing decisions. Research limitations/implications – The research was designed for theory building, not theory-testing, so future research would be needed to study the efficacy of the recommended strategies for encouraging eco-luxury behaviour. Practical implications – To increase the likelihood of practical applications, the authors follow the presentation of their findings with suggestions and examples for marketing to each of the consumer types identified by their research. Social implications – The findings of this research have implications of a global, environmental and social kind. The societal adoption of eco-luxury consumption is about educating consumer desire, shifting it from its current focus on personal satisfaction, to a higher level of personal and social flourishing. Originality/value – The findings effectively support the claims of self-determination theory by demonstrating how and why consumer motivations differ and how an improved sense of well-being can be achieved through internalised levels of self-determination.