Sapling Level Research Articles

Vegetation Analysis of Target Species for Feeding Lesser Yellow Bird of Paradise (Paradisaea minor jobiensis Rothschild, 1897) in the Imbowiari Forest Area of Barawai Village, Yapen Islands District, Papua Province, Indonesia

The research aims to determine the plant species, structure, and composition of the food sources of P. minor jobiensis in the Imbowiari Barawai forest area, Yapen Islands Regency. The method used in this research the method of observation, interviews, documentation, literature, and the checkered line method. Data analysis techniques used are density, dominance, frequency, relative density, relative dominance, relative frequency, important value index, and diversity index. The results of the study found 6 species of plants as food for P. minor jobiensis and spread at the level of seedlings, poles, saplings, and trees namely Elaeocarpus sphaericus, Ficus benjamina, Gnetum gnemon, Syzygium sp., Myristica sp., and Palaquium ambounense

Estimasi Simpanan Karbon Hutan di Resort Pengelolaan Hutan (RPH) Alue Geulima Tahura Pocut Meurah Intan Aceh Besar

Forests are natural resources that play an essential role in climate change mitigation. Rising earth temperatures are causing climate change, which is driven by an increase in greenhouse particles, one of which is carbon particles. Human actions generate carbon particles. The amount of carbon absorbed and stored is critical to understanding and serves as a measure of forest condition. The study’s goal is to determine the amount of carbon stored in the Alue Geulima forest in Tahura Pocut Meurah Intan. The Alue Geulima Forest is a representative conservation area with high biodiversity and forest cover. Nested plot methods (in metres): tree level (20 × 20); pole level (10 × 10) and sapling level (5 × 5). Placement of plots systematically (uniform spacing) and the initial plots were placed randomly. The number of plots is 25 plots, sampling of intensity 0.5% represents 200 ha of Alue Geulima forest. The results showed that the value of carbon stocks stored in various strata of stands (trees, poles and saplings) found in 25 measuring plots reached 3,483.76 tons or the average reached the highest in RPH Alue Geulima found at the tree level, namely 2,338.41 tons ha-1. The total carbon stock stored above ground level in the Alue Geulima Tahura PMI Aceh Besar RPH as a whole is 139.35 tons ha-1 with total carbon stocks per 200 ha Alue Geulima RPH forest area of 27,870.08 tons.

Vegetation structure and floristic composition at habitat Rafflesia patma Blume in Pananjung Pangandaran Nature Reserve, West Java, Indonesia

Rafflesia patma Blume is a plant endemic to Pangandaran, West Java, which is protected because of its rare status. This study aims to study the composition of the floristic vegetation that supports the life of R. patma in the Pananjung Pangandaran Nature Reserve, West Java. The research was conducted using a survey method with a purposive sampling technique and sampling using quadrat. The data obtained were then analyzed using the Importance Value Index (IVI), Shannon-Wiener index, and Evenness index. The results showed that R. patma in the Pananjung Pangandaran Nature Reserve lived as a parasite on the roots and stems of Tetrastigma leucostaphylum. The floristic composition of the habitat of R. patma in the Pananjung Pangandaran Nature Reserve, West Java, consisted of 251 individuals divided into 28 species. The plant species with the highest Importance Value Index (IVI) were Syzygium antisepticum, Stephania capitata, Casearia sp., and Buchanania arborescens for the sapling category, as well as Syzygium antisepticum and Vitex pubescens for the tree category. The condition of the vegetation around the habitat of R. patma is quite dense with the diversity index values obtained belonging to the moderate level of diversity. The highest diversity index at the sapling level was found at the Cilegon location with an H' value of 2.14 and the highest diversity index at the tree level was found at the Gua Parat location with an H' value of 1.5.

SPECIES COMPOSITION, STRUCTURE, AND MANAGEMENT IN GAYO COFFEE-BASED AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM

Gayo coffee has many benefits in terms of the environment, economy, and socio-cultural aspects, especially for the Gayo tribe. Recently, Gayo coffee has been the main commodity for the plant cultivation of the Gayo tribe, including the Mude Nosar as local farmers. One of the ways to cultivate Gayo coffee is through an agroforestry system. However, limited reports on the tree species composition and its management in Gayo coffee-based agroforestry needs to be explored. This study aims i) to identify the tree species composition and structure, as well as 2) to analyze the management of Gayo coffee-based agroforestry system in Mude Nosar Village. The study method used plot establishment for vegetation analysis, and interviewed the Gayo coffee farmers. The results showed that the number of tree species at all growth stages was 26 species. The highest Important Value Index (IVI) at the understory and sapling level in order was rumput kerbau (Paspalum conjugatum) and Gayo coffee (Coffea arabica), while at the seedling, pole, and tree levels were dominated by lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala). The local farmers often use lamtoro as a shade tree for Gayo coffee in agroforestry system. The species diversity index (H') showed low values at all growth levels, except for understory plants with moderate values. The horizontal structure of the tree stand showed an inverted J curve, meaning that the regeneration rate is normal. The vertical structure of the tree stand belongs to strata C and D. The local farmers have applied good Gayo coffee management practices through an agroforestry system including land and seed preparation, planting, maintenance, and harvesting techniques. Coffee seeds and seedlings are from natural regeneration. Plant maintenance techniques are carried out by weeding, pruning, organic fertilization, and controlling pests and diseases. The harvest coffee season is generally twice a year. The management of Gayo coffee using an agroforestry system impacts the ecological, economic, and social aspects.

Study of Biodiversity in Submontana of Kamojang Nature Reserve, West Java, Indonesia

The low mountain forest area is known as a source of biodiversity because it has an area with natural ecosystems that are relatively still intact and has rich biodiversity and a high level of endemism. The study was conducted to determine the biodiversity found in the mountain forests under Kamojang. The methods used are qualitative and quantitative data collection, vegetation data collection using plot paths, fauna data with exploration (renaissance survey), edaphic and climatic data by purposive sampling. Research shows as many as 10 species of vegetation at pole and tree level, 15 species of seedlings and understorey, and 10 species of sapling level. Lower mountain forest shows as many as 18 species of animals with a composition of 14 species of aves, two species of mammals, two species of reptiles. The land in the Kamojang lower mountain forest includes andosols with three horizons namely O, A, and B which tend to be fertile. Temperatures in the lower mountain forests range from 18.5 °C to 21 °C with 93 % relative humidity.

Keanekaragaman Jenis Mangrove di Kawasan Hutan Lindung Pakonjawai Kabupaten Sumba Timur

The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity of mangrove species in the Pakonjawai Protected Forest area, East Sumba Regency. The type of research in this study was an ecological descriptive study with a quantitative approach. The sampling technique used was a purposive sampling technique with sampling locations covering 3 observation stations using the line transect method (transect line plot). The results showed that the composition of the mangrove species found consisted of 5 families, 5 genera and 9 species with a total of 337 individuals consisting of 237 individual tree categories, 68 individual saplings and 32 individual seedlings. The mangrove species found were Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizopora stylosa, Sonneratia alba, Sonneratia ovata, Avicennia alba, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, and Sscyphiphora hydrophyllaceae. The diversity index at the tree growth rate was 1.9518, the sampling level was 2.0496 and the seedling level was 1.9588 which means that the diversity of mangrove species is "moderately abundant". The highest Important Value Index (IVI) at tree level was Sonneratia ovata with a value of 71.98 while the sapling level was for Rhizophora mucronata with a value of 38.15 and the seedling level for Rhizophora mucronata with a value of 45.41.

Analysis of Endemic Flora Diversity of North Sulawesi Indonesia as a Potential for Sustainable Ecotourism

Aims: This study aims to analyze the diversity of endemic flora of North Sulawesi Indonesia as a potential for sustainable ecotourism.
 Place and Duration of Study: This research was conducted in the Batuputih Nature Tourism Park (BNTP), Bitung, North Sulawesi (Sulawesi Utara), Indonesia from April until June 2022.
 Methodology: The data collection method is carried out using vegetation analysis where this method is a combination method between the path method and the banded line. The number of plot paths used in this study was 47 plots. The distance between the plot of the paths is 20 meters. Determination of the observation path plot is carried out by purposive sampling. Data obtained in the field were analyzed using the Shannon-Wienner species diversity index.
 Results: The study's results found 61 types of plants at the sapling level, 29 at the pole level and 47 at the tree level. The plants that dominate Batuputih Nature Tourism Park (BNTP) at the level of mature trees belong to the family Malvaceae, while the plants that dominate at the level of piles and piles belong to the families Rubiaceae and Anacardiaceae. The value of plant species diversity at each level is greater than 3. The diversity index value at the sapling level is 3.75, the pole level is 3.15, and the tree level with a value of 3.11.
 Conclusion: The diversity of flora species at the level of trees, pole and sapling in the Batuputih Nature Tourism Park area is included in the category of high abundance. This means that the diversity of flora species in the community is increasingly stable in the BNTP area. In this area, 2 (two) types of flora endemic to North Sulawesi are found as potential for sustainable ecotourism, namely the species of Homalium celebicum and Pterospermum celebicum. Both types of endemic plants have the potential to become icons or flagships of ecotourism in North Sulawesi.

Bioprospection of Potential Medicinal Plant Diversity in the Wana Lestari Community Forest, Karang Sidemen Village

Medicinal potential plants that are scattered in community forest areas have opportunities that can be utilized in ecosystem-based sustainable forest management. Considering the potential medicinal plants have played a major role in maintaining the health condition of the community around the forest from generation to generation. This study aims to determine the abundance of medicinal plant species in the Wana Lestari Community Forest, Karang Sidemen Village based on the value of the Ecological Index. The research method used is Stratified Random Sampling with Replacement with a total of 59 research sample plots. The results showed that the types of medicinal plants at the level of trees, poles, saplings, seedlings, shrubs, bush, terna, lianas, and ferns which had the highest Importance Value Index (IVI) were D. zibethinus (72.42%) trees level, D. zibethinus (111.82%) poles level, C. canephora (144.98%) saplings level, C. canephora (109.64%) seedlings level, C. frutescens L (70.33%) shrubs level, H. capitata Jacq. (103.07%) bushs level, C. prostrata (26.69%) ternas level, M. cordata (92.46%) lianas level, and D. esculentum (169.39%) ferns level. The Morishita index shows that most species at the trees, shrubs, bushes, ternas, lianas, and ferns levels spread in groups while most of the plant species at the pole, sapling, and seedling levels spread randomly. In addition, the Species Diversity Index (H') of medicinal plants showed values ​​at the level of trees (2.08), poles (1.92), saplings (1.16), seedlings (1.72), shrubs (1.8), bushs (1.79), ternas (2.94), lianas (1.44) and ferns (0.53). Furthermore, the value of the species richness index (R1) of plants with medicinal potential is at the level of the tree (2.68), poles (2.82), saplings (1.93), seedlings (1.72), shrubs (1.84), bushs (2.22), ternas (4.17), lianas (1.87) and ferns (0.38). The evenness index value (E') of medicinal potential plants is at the level of trees (0.73), poles (0.75), saplings (0.48), seedlings (0.61), shrubs (0.92), bushs (0.7), ternas (0.82), lianas (0.58) and ferns (0.49).

Dietary Diversity of Sumatran Elephants (Elephas Maximus Sumatrensis) At Elephant Training Center Way Kambas National Park

The Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatrensis) is a rare animal that is threatened with extinction, so conservation is needed. Elephant Training Center (PLG) Way Kambas National Park is one form of in situ conservation. The availability of natural food is one of the factors that determine the success of conservation. The purpose of this study was to determine the composition and diversity of forest community species as elephant feeding habitats, and to determine the types of plants that elephants eat. Purposive sampling was used to collect data using nested plots, 1 x 1 m2 for seedlings and undergrowth, 5 x 5 m2 for saplings, 10 x 10 m2 for poles and 20 x 20 m2 for trees. The results showed that the vegetation making up the forest as a grazing habitat for Sumatran elephants consisted of 27 species belonging to 19 families. The vegetation that elephants eat is Symplocos thwaitesii, Imperata cylindrica, Colopogonium sp., Bridelia monoica, Vitex pinnata, Shorea sp., Pennisetum purpureum, Gluta renghas, Mimosa pudica, and Melastoma. The most widely available plant species belong to the Poaceae and Leguminoceae families. The diversity index of the seedling level of 2.49 was categorized as high, while the vegetation level of sapling, poles, and trees was categorized as low. Meanwhile, the evenness index at the seedling, sapling, pole and tree levels was categorized as high. The richness index for all levels of growth is categorized as moderate.

Mapping and Population Structure of Shorea platyclados in Martelu Purba Nature Reserve

In its natural habitat, S. platyclados is abundant in Martelu Purba Nature Reserve, North Sumatra. However, like the Dipterocarpaceae family, this species has limitations in regeneration related to the uncertain flowering phase and the seeds' recalcitrant nature. This condition can be a long-term threat to the sustainability of S. platyclados. Efforts should be made to select mother plants as a source of short-term quality seeds, to support the breeding program and the conservation of S. platyclados. Monitoring of mother plants will be more effective if mapping data is available. Therefore, it is important to map the mother plant of S. platyclados. In addition, the population structure needs to be identified and related to trends in its sustainability. The goal of this study was to map the mother plant of S. platyclados in Martelu Purba Nature Reserve and to examine its population dynamics.. This research was conducted in Martelu Purba Nature Reserve, Simalungun Regency, North Sumatra. There are 195 hectares of designated population there. Combining the path method and the plotline, the sampling methodology was applied. Fifty (50) plots were observed across the sample area of 2 hectares (1% Sampling Intensity), which was separated into three lanes. Observations were made on a 20 m × 20 m plot to measure the vegetation at the tree level (diameter 20 cm), a 10 m × 10 m observation sub-plot to measure the vegetation at the pole level (diameter 10cm - 20m), a 5 m × 5 m observation sub-plot to measure the vegetation at the sapling level (diameter 10 cm), and a 2 m × 2 m observation sub-plot to measure the vegetation at the seedling level. The mother plants were recorded as many as 309 individuals in 50 observation plots, or 155 individuals/ha spread evenly in the relatively sloping Nature Reserve area. The distribution structure of the height and diameter of the mother plants indicates a good adaptation, resembles a standard curve. The population structure of S. platyclados is curved like an inverted J, indicates that this population is quite stable and sustainable. However, monitoring at the pole level is crucial based on a gap in the presence of this regeneration compared to others.

Does Gap Opening and Planting to Rehabilitate the Degraded Tropical Natural Forests Affect the Forest Composition and Structure?

By 2020, there were 33.4 million ha of degraded forests in Indonesia. If it is not rehabilitated, there will be land-use changes that significantly affect its biodiversity and environment. Gap opening and planting is an important silvicultural regeneration method to rehabilitate degraded tropical natural forests. We studied the subject in a 10 ha degraded lowland tropical natural forest in Central Borneo, Indonesia. The study aims to compare the composition and structure of degraded tropical natural forests before and after gap opening and planting. The methods used consist of 1) gap opening and planting with a proportion of the total gap area to the total degraded natural forest area of 40%; 2) vegetation analysis to assess the composition and structure of forest. The results showed that the gap opening and planting activities led to a decrease in the density of seedlings, saplings, poles, and trees, and cause loss of two species at seedling level and one species at sapling level. The analysis results of the stand structure and species composition, index of species diversity, species evenness index, and community similarity index before and after gap opening and planting of the degraded forest in the study area of 10 ha showed that there is no changes of these variables. These results showed that the use of the gap opening and planting method in the rehabilitation of degraded forests is able to maintain the stability of species composition and stand structure, species diversity, species evenness, and forest communities. In conclusion, the study provided significant empirical results on the composition and structure of degraded tropical natural forests before and after gap opening and planting, which would be instrumental for the development of rehabilitation strategies. It is recommended that the rehabilitation of degraded tropical natural forests in Indonesia can be carried out using the gap opening and planting method.

KOMPOSISI JENIS DAN STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS SERTA KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS VEGETASI DI AREAL CAGAR ALAM BUKIT TANGKILING

The research was conducted in October 2019 in the Bukit Tangkiling Nature Reserve, Central Kalimantan, aiming to find out the type composition, the community structure, and vegetation diversity. This research method is a survey with combination method and carried out purposively in sampling with total sample plots of 60. The results showed that there were 58 species of plants (6 species unidentified) which included 11 species of understorey, 32 species of seedlings, 32 species of saplings, 31 species of poles, and 38 species of trees. Vegetation at the level of seedlings, saplings, poles, and trees in the Bukit Tangkiling Nature Reserve is dominated by Acacia mangium, while the understorey is dominated by nut grass and thatch. The similarity index of vegetation communities between two locations ranged from 41.860 - 73.684%, while that between growth rates ranged from 32.558 - 7.143%. Plant communities have diversity values (H’), richness values (R), and evenness values (E) ranging from low to moderate. The horizontal stand structure has different exposed diameters, forming an inverted “J” curve and is concentrated in diameter class 1019.99 cm, while vertically the individual population is concentrated in high class 5 - 9.99 m.Keywords: Composition, Heterogeneity, Similarity, Stand structure

Karakteristik Spasial Data Hotspot MODIS Tahun 2019 Di Kota Palangka Raya Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah

Forest and land fires in Palangka Raya City are events that almost occur every year during the dry season, forest and land fires in 2015 were recorded as one of the worst incidents in recent years. Fires in Palangka Raya City during the period January – August 2019 reached approximately 1222 hectares. The aim of the researcher to load the spatial data above is to help complete the data and be a reference in researching the spatial characteristics of the 2019 MODIS hotspot data in Palangka Raya City by examining the spatial characteristics of the MODIS hotspot data to predict forest and land fires, as well as to provide the latest information on hotspots. hotspots and the location of hotspots that need to be watched out for. The method used in this study is a combination of spatial analysis and fieldwork to obtain an overview of the spatial characteristics of the spatial data. The results of this study show that the distribution of MODIS hotspots in 2019 in the city of Palangka Raya is highest in the Sabangau sub-district while the lowest is in the Bukit Batu sub-district, with high and medium confidence levels, during a prolonged dry season and due to land clearing activities by burning. The characteristics of the MODIS hotspot in the city of Palangka Raya have 21 spatial characteristics in general consisting of vegetation types in the form of broadleaf acacia plants at sapling level, shrubs, conversion of agricultural land, and housing with road, river and peat distribution accessibility in the city of Palangka Raya.

PERKEMBANGAN SUKSESI VEGETASI DI AREA REVEGETASI LAHAN PASCATAMBANG BATUBARA (STUDI KASUS DI PT AMANAH ANUGERAH ADI MULIA KABUPATEN TANAH LAUT)

The purpose of the study was to analyze the development of vegetation succession in the post-coal mining revegetation area of PT Amanah Anugerah Adi Mulia. The method used to collect data in the revegetation area is the Nested Sampling. The data collected in the form of individuals number, types of vegetation, and diameters of poles and trees. Data were analyzed by tabulating matrix and Indeks Nilai Penting (INP). There are 8 main types of revegetation plants, 16 types of natural growth and 40 types of undergrowth plants. There is a trend of increasing the number of plants that grow naturally at the level of seedlings, saplings, poles and trees in the revegetation area. Revegetation plants aged 7 years had the highest number of species. The dominant species at 1 year revegetation age for seedlings was sengon buto (Enterolobium cyclocarpum) with INP= 86,01%, sapling was E. cyclocarpum with INP= 106,15%. The dominant species at 3 years of revegetation age for seedlings was calliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus) with INP value = 75,57 %, sapling was sengon laut (Paraserianthes falcataria) with INP = 56,73%, pole level was P. falcataria species with INP = 162,85%. The dominant species at 5 years of revegetation age for seedlings was sisir liar (Cudrania cochinchinensis) with INP value = 108,38 %, sapling was C. cochinchinensis with INP = 103,59 %, pole level was mangium (Acacia mangium) with INP = 229,58 %, the tree level is mangium with INP = 211,74%. The dominant species at 7 years of revegetation age for seedlings was mahang (Macaranga gigantea) with INP value = 53,32%, sapling was M. gigantea with INP = 44,31 %, pole level was A. mangium with INP = 98,29 % , the tree level is P. falcataria with INP = 163,15%. Revegetation can facilitate the succession process in post-mining land.

POTENSI TEGAKAN HASIL INVENTARISASI HUTAN DI KPH KABUPATEN LEMBATA (STUDI KASUS HUTAN LINDUNG DI DESA LODOTODOKOWA, KECAMATAN LEBATUKAN, KABUPATEN LEMBATA

Forest planning is a land use activity that aims to contribute to the community by creating activities that affect ongoing processes or create new processes. Inventory is one of the indispensable components in forest management activities in FMUs.
 This study aims to determine the potential of stands from forest inventory in Lodotodokowa Village, Lebatukan District, Lembata Regency. The protected forest in Ledotodokowa Village is included in the forest group or the Hadakewa-Labalekang forest area with the forest area in Lodotodokowa Village is 82.06 Ha, the forest area there has not been properly inventoried, so the potential for all forest stands is not known for certain.
 At the tree level the largest volume is 17,425 m2 on the Hero tree and the lowest volume is 0.022 m2 on the banyan tree. At the tree level, the dominant vegetation type was candlenut with an INP value of 103.299%, the pole level of the dominant vegetation was lamtoro with an INP value of 31.718%, the sapling level of the largest IVI value was 32.566% and the seedling level of the largest INP value was I'aa species of 52.206%.
 While the type of vegetation that has the lowest IVI value at the tree level is lolopa at 0.560%, the pole level is Cocoa at 0.469% while for the vegetation sapling level with the lowest IVI values are Lape, Spinach, Liha, Noni, Coconut, Waru, Asam, Sengon, and Soursop with an IVI of 0.210%. Meanwhile, for the seedling level, the type of vegetation with the smallest number of INPs was Luge/Java water forest, Lombok, Ranga, Reo, Wuo, and jembulan at 0.239%.

KAJIAN ETNOBOTANI HUTAN OLEH MASYARAKAT SEKITAR KAWASAN HUTAN LINDUNG MBELILING DESA WAE LOLOS KECAMATAN SANO NGGOANG, KABUPATEN MANGGARAI BARAT

The use of forest ethnobotany in the form of medicinal plants by the people of Wae Lolos Village, Sano Nggoang District, West Manggarai Regency has long been used as an alternative to traditional medicine. This study aims to determine the types of medicinal plants used by the community based on the type of disease. The method used is vegetation analysis using the transect line method, as many as 81 plots with plot sizes of 20 x 20 m, 10 x 10 m, 5 x 5 m and 2 x 2 m. The data collected is primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained through interviews with 3 key informants who were determined by Snowball Sampling to determine the use of various types of medicinal plants by the community around the Mbeliling protected forest area and direct observation by conducting a vegetation analysis while secondary data were obtained in the form of data from the Central Bureau of Statistics of West Manggarai Regency and data from the Central Bureau of Statistics of West Manggarai Regency. from the Wae Lolos Village Office. Based on the results of the study, there were 27 types of medicinal plants in the Mbeliling Protected Forest Area. The results of the analysis at the seedling level of medicinal plants obtained 23 species of medicinal plants with the highest IVI of 26.42%, the sapling level obtained 12 species of medicinal plants with the highest IVI of 35.75%, the pole level obtained 10 species of medicinal plants with the highest IVI of 55.76% and tree level obtained 9 types of medicinal plants with the highest IVI 62.76%. The most common types of medicinal plants used to cure diabetes are 14% and the lowest are cough, liver, back pain, malaria, ulcers, stomach, gout, migrant cysts, syphilis, ulcers, flue, stomachache, infertility, epilepsy. and seizures with a percentage of 4%.

Analisis kondisi eksisting struktur komunitas mangrove Kawasan Pesisir Bolihutuo Kabupaten Boalemo Provinsi Gorontalo

This study aimed to determine the existing condition of mangroves located in one of the coastal areas of Tomini Bay, precisely on the coast of Bolihutuo Village, Boalemo Regency, Gorontalo Province. The Data collection was carried out from August to September 2021. The procedures include the biophysical sampling of mangroves using the plot line transect method at three stations to distinguish the tree and saplings growth level of mangroves and their environmental conditions, also the extent area digitized from the google earth images. The results show that there are ten species as the richness of species occupying 60.61 ha of this mangrove forest with a salinity range of 21.33 ppt - 22.44 ppt. In general, the diversity of mangrove species in this area has a low category (H'<1). Furthermore, the results of the analysis of ecological development through the important value (IVI) record that R. stylosa was the dominant species at the tree level (112.69%) and sapling (62.14%), with different co-dominance, namely R. mucronata for the tree level (66.99%) and C. decandra at the sapling level (38.94%). The dominance of R. stylosa is supported by the basal area of their tree, which ranges from 0.98 - 1.22 m2. Overall, the relative frequency values between categories of all species ranged from 5.56 - 16.67% (saplings) and 5.26 - 15.79% (trees), while the relative density ranged from 0.46% - 45.48% (saplings) and 0.63% - 54.40% (trees).Keywords: Mangrove patch; Dominant rank, IVI, Species richness; R. stylosa

Existing condition analysis of mangrove community structure at Bolihutuo Coast Area, Boalemo, Gorontalo Province

The current study aimed to determine the existing condition of the extent and ecological developmental of the mangrove forest area at one coast located on the Tomini Bay, precisely, at the Bolihutuo Village coast Boalemo District, Gorontalo province. The data were collected for two months from August to September 2021, consisting of the mangrove extent area digitized from Google earth and the mangrove biophysical sampling using line-transect plots in different sizes 10x10 and m 5x5 m to examine categories mangrove levels of tree and saplings. The result showed that mangrove patches sized between 0.08 – 29.35 ha, which constructed a total area of 60.61 ha of mangrove forest in Bolihutuo. A total of 10 mangrove species were found as the occupant of the forest area where the dominant species was found in Rhizophora stylosa at the tree and sapling levels. The co-dominance was found different at both levels, namely Ceriops decandra at the sapling level while Rhizophora mucronata species at the tree level.Keywords: Mangrove patch; Dominant rank; IVI; Species richness; R. stylosa

Composition And Structur Of Vegetaon In The Dere Black Monkey (Macaca maura schienz 1825) In Lejja nature park, Soppeng District

This study discusses the composition of the type and structure of vegetation in the habitat of the black dare monkey (Macaca Maura) at the Lejja Nature Tourism Park, Soppeng Regency, which aims to determine the composition of the type and structure of the vegetation and habitat of Macaca Maura in the Lejja Nature Tourism Park. The research is located in the Lejja Nature Tourism Park Conservation forest area, Soppeng Regency. The method used is observation, purposive sampling, literature study, and documentation. At the same time, the Pole level found 12 species with a total of 35 individuals and 12 families. And Sapling found 17 species with a total of 69 individuals with 17 families. At the same time, the Semai level found 20 species with a total of 50 individuals with 20 families. The Angsana tree and the highest LBDS at the tree and pole levels, with a value of 9040.69%, while the lowest is owned by the Campenong tree, with a value of 92.85%. Meanwhile, for the highest sapling level of plant species, the Arungganga tree has an LBDS value of 393, 69%, while the lowest LBDS value is owned by Locong-Locong with a value of 13.19%.

Strategi Pembangunan dan Pengelolaan Hutan Kota Sabak di Kelurahan Rano Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur Provinsi Jambi

This study aims to analyze the natural resources potential of the Sabak City Forest, analyze the benefits of development and management of the Sabak City Forest for the surrounding community both Ecologically, Economically, and Socially and Culturally, and Formulate the Development and Management Strategy of the Sabak City Forest. Based on the results of research using vegetation analysis, it shows that the potential flora in the Sabak City Forest area has a high diversity value with plant species at the Tree level and Pole level having an INP of more than 15% while for the Sapling level there are 7 species that have an INP of more than 10%. and the Semai level has 5 species that have an INP of more than 10%, meanwhile the types of Fauna are potential for the development of educational and educational attractions. This study also shows that the benefits of the development and management of the Sabak City Forest from the Ecological aspect to reduce urban environmental degradation, from the Economic aspect of the Sabak City Forest can be an opportunity to improve the economy through business opportunities, work opportunities, increase craft creativity, and provide benefits in social aspects. culture as a space for social interaction, recreational facilities, and as a cultural landmark of the city. The results of the stakeholder analysis show that the amalgamation of Quadrant I (subjects) with quadrant III (Context setters) in the development and management of the Sabak City Forest can be a major force that greatly influences the development and management of the Sabak City Forest. The strategy for the development and management of the Sabak City Forest is with the support of parties who have influence and interest in the development and management of the Sabak City Forest.