Level Of Road Traffic Safety Research Articles

The Effect of Smart Mobility Implementations in Increasing the Level of Road Traffic Safety in Riyadh City (Abi Bakr Assiddiq and Al Urubah Roads as a Case Study)

The Effect of Smart Mobility Implementations in Increasing the Level of Road Traffic Safety in Riyadh City (Abi Bakr Assiddiq and Al Urubah Roads as a Case Study)

IMPROVING THE METHODOLOGY OF EXPERT SAFETY LEVEL ASSESSMENT OF ROAD TRAFFIC

The article is devoted to the improvement of the method of expert safety level assessment of road traffic. A general analysis of road safety assessment methods and techniques was performed. Proposed ways to improve the methodology of expert assessment of the level of road safety based on the use of a combination of statistical and proactive models. The object of research in the article is the process of assessing the level of road traffic safety in a specific area at a certain time. The purpose of the study is to improve the methodology of expert assessment of the level of road safety based on the analysis of foreign and domestic experience. The article provides a general analysis of road safety assessment methods and techniques. It has been established that the indicators of most of the developed methods and techniques for assessing the level of security are based on one of two methodological approaches - the use of statistical and reactive methods and models or proactive and prognostic methods and models. However, it was determined that the analyzed methods and techniques mostly do not establish the influence of external conditions, in particular, variable road factors when assessing the level of road safety. The author's approach is proposed - a method of expert evaluation of road traffic safety, which is based on the use of a combination of statistical and proactive models and takes into account the importance and priority of one or another means of passive anti-accident protection of road traffic. An algorithm for evaluating road traffic safety according to the developed methodology is proposed. The developed method of expert assessment of the level of road safety allows you to make informed management decisions regarding projects and programs on road safety due to the consideration of justified factors of influence and a relative reduction in the time for conducting an examination. It is proposed to combine the use of the developed methodology with the analysis of the established level of road traffic safety using the " bow-tie " or "petal" approach.

The Impact of the Age of the Driver of Freight Transport on the probability of being involved in a Traffic Accident (Case Study in Krian – Taman Sidoarjo Road)

Traffic accident is one of the traffic problems that caused deaths, injuries and material loses. The high number of traffic accident is an indicator of the low level of road traffic safety. Krian – Taman Sidoarjo road has become one of black site area. According to data from the Sidoarjo Resort Police, there have been 66 traffic accidents during 2015 to 2020. The majority of accidents involve freight transport compared to passenger transport. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research to find out the factors of freight transport drivers that affect the possibility of traffic accidents in Krian – Taman Sidoarjo road. Methods of data collection using questionnaires to drivers of freight transportation. While the analystical method used is descriptive analysis and logistic regression using data from questionnaires. The result of research shows that the older the driver, the higher the probability of being involved in a traffic accident

Investigating the severity of non-urban road traffic accidents in typical regions of Sichuan and Guizhou, China

Objective The traffic characteristics of Sichuan and Guizhou differ from those of other regions due to its unique geographical features. In addition, accident studies in China mainly focus on urban roads in the eastern and central regions. However, studies on western regions, especially non-urban roads, are scarce. Thus, this study aims to explore the factors that influence the severity of accidents on non-urban roads in typical regions of Sichuan and Guizhou. Methods A total of 541 cases from 2014 to 2020 were selected from the database of the China In-Depth Accident Study, where 18 variables, which may exert an impact on accident severity, were extracted after screening. First, heterogeneity of data was eliminated through latent class analysis (LCA). The ordered probit (OP) model was then conducted for each class to obtain significant variables that exert an impact on accident severity. The study quantified the degree of influence of the significant variables using marginal effect analysis. Results The LCA results demonstrate that data were categorized into the following classes, namely, (a) two-vehicle accidents involving trucks, (b) pedestrian and multiple-vehicle accidents, (c) two-wheeler accidents, and (d) single-vehicle accidents. The OP results show that most variables could exert impact on accident severity, and some of them exerted varying levels of influence on the severity of different classes, whereas others only influence a specific class. Conclusion According to this study, we obtained the accident characteristics of these regions and put forward some targeted suggestions to further improve the level of road traffic safety. The findings can provide support for the construction of transportation in line with the regional characteristics in China.

Проблемные вопросы использования спутниковой навигации при оценке состояния факторов «дорога» и «среда» в системе ВАДС

The main indicator characterizing the features and specifics of road traffic is the dynamic system «Driver - Car - Road - Environment» (DCRE), in which there is a continuous exchange of information between its components. The level of road traffic safety directly depends on the reliability of the system elements, as well as the specifics of their internal interaction with each other. The article provides an assessment of the factors affecting the reliability of the DCRE system. The authors substantiate the necessity of improving the quality of assessing the key factors of the subsystems «Road» and «Environment» in order to ensure road traffic safety of the motor transport complex. There has been carried out an analysis of the methodology of conducting field surveys in determining the transport and operational qualities of the elements of the «Road» subsystem to ensure the road traffic safety, taking into account the integral components of the DCRE system. The main problems of obtaining high-precision planned coordinates during the operation of road equipment are determined. The possibilities of using RTK (real-time kinematics) and VBS (virtual base station) technologies have been studied in order to improve the methodological apparatus for implementing road safety examinations. The results of the study allow increasing the potential for further work in the field of improving road traffic safety and reducing road traffic accidents` rate, taking into account the road environment features.

The specificities and characteristics of the offence of endangering road traffic safty and police action regarding this offense

In modern society, traffic represents one of the basic human needs. Traffic is a daily human activity, which is reflected in the change in the position of people, things or messages. The goal of the state is to establish a favorable state of security, and therefore traffic safety, in other words, to establish traffic with as few negative effects as possible. On the other hand, to regulate and improve road traffic safety, road traffic laws have been enacted. Traffic laws regulate the basis of development and participation in road traffic, including road traffic offenses as basic forms of traffic unsafety. Violations of traffic regulations result in certain consequences and even have an impact on the life, health and physical integrity of road traffic participants or the occurrence of material and non-material damage. Therefore, in order to increase the level of road traffic safety, the modern legal system envisages protection of road traffic in misdemeanor and criminal laws. This paper addresses the criminal law protection of road traffic through the prescription of the offense of endangering road traffic safety, the specificities and characteristics of the same offense in relation to other offenses and police practice in cases involving this criminal offense.

Road traffic safety in Ukraine: state and development prospects

Introduction. The issue of road traffic safety has been studied by many modern scientists. However, despite the research, this issue remains relevant to this day, both theoretically and practically. This is due to the fact that the concept of road traffic safety is not currently enshrined in law, and there is no unanimity among scientists on its content. Moreover, the relevance of the practical component is evidenced by the fact that over the past three years a number of important regulations in the field of road traffic safety and procedures for their implementation have been developed. The purpose of the paper is to determine the state of road traffic safety in Ukraine. In accordance with the goal, the main objectives of this study are to formulate a definition of “traffic”, “road traffic safety”, outlining their elements; determining the state of road traffic safety in Ukraine and further development trends, establishing the main directions of implementation of state policy in the field of road traffic safety. Results. Covering the issue of road safety, it should be noted that the current legislation of Ukraine does not provide a definition of this concept, but in 2016 there was an attempt to legislate both the legal category of “road traffic safety” and a number of closely related to it. Thus, the authors of the draft Law on Road Traffic and Safety defined traffic as “the process of traffic on roads and other places where it is not prohibited by the draft law”, and road traffic safety as “a state of the road system, due to which the appropriate level of protection of road users from road accidents and their negative consequences is determined and achieved”. It should be emphasized that road traffic safety is achieved through the application of appropriate measures of organizational, administrative, socio-economic and technical nature, which are enshrined in regulations and which are aimed at ensuring the proper and safe level road traffic safety for all its participants. It should be noted that neither the Ukrainian legislator nor the state executive bodies reduce the state of danger on the roads of Ukraine, so they are constantly developing appropriate programs and taking measures to increase the level of road traffic safety. Thus, in 2020, a state program was approved, the main goal of which is to reduce the level of accidents on the roads and the severity, first of all, of the socio-economic consequences of road accidents. Conclusion. According to the legislation of Ukraine, road traffic safety should be understood as a set of socio-economic and organizational-technical measures to ensure road traffic safety and road user, prevention of road traffic accidents and elimination or minimization of their negative consequences.

Application of multi-attribute group decision-making methods in urban road traffic safety evaluation with interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy information

With the development of the social economy, the level of motorization has been greatly improved, and the traffic safety problem has been paid more and more attention. In recent years, China’s road traffic accident rate showed a trend of decline after rising first, suggests that the Chinese road traffic safety level is on the decline. Road traffic safety evaluation has a positive effect in found risk factors of road traffic safety in time and reduce the traffic accident rate, so the study of traffic safety evaluation method is imperative. And the urban road traffic safety evaluation is frequently viewed as the multi-attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) problem. Depending on the conventional VIKOR method and interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IVIFSs), this paper designs a novel IVIF-VIKOR method to assess the urban road traffic safety. In addition, since subjective randomness frequently exists in determining criteria weights, the weights of criteria is [Z1] decided objectively by utilizing CRITIC method. Eventually, an application and some comparative analysis are given. The results show that the designed algorithms are useful for assessing the urban road traffic safety.

Application of the GWR Model for Predicting the Road Fatalities Rate on the Road Network in the Nuts 3 Regions in Europe on the Example of Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship

Abstract The article presents the application of the GWR (Geographically Weighted Regression) model to the description of differences in the level of road traffic safety in individual counties on the example of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship. The GWR model developed for counties, taking into account the diversity of NUTS 3 regions, can be a helpful tool for traffic safety management in voivodships and lower administrative units, and such an approach has not yet been applied.

Response of Motor Vehicles, Front and Rear Axles of Which Are Fitted with Different Tires. Main Aspects

This work shows the modelling of change of such a controllability indicator as the stabilization time, using the design model of a vehicle with tires of different stiffness on the front and rear axles. The influence of the change in the lateral slip resistance coefficient of the front and rear wheels of the vehicle on the safe speed at which the stabilization reaction of the vehicle to the steering wheel turn will be aperiodic monotonic rather than oscillating, is established. The dependences of the magnitude of the stabilization time on the degree of change in the lateral slip resistance coefficient of the front and rear wheels, are obtained. The limiting values of the change in the parameters of the wheels providing the specified parameters of controllability which ensure acceptable road traffic safety level, are established. It is established that the maximum impact on the deterioration of the response of vehicle is exerted by the wheels design. On the other hand, their geometric dimensions have little to no road traffic safety impact. Based on the research carried out, it is necessary to conclude that in order to ensure road traffic safety, it is necessary to stop using the tires with different designs on different axles of the vehicle. Herewith, the pressure in the tires of the vehicle must not be less than the values set by the manufacturer. The results obtained are of interest to employees of institutions monitoring traffic indicators and technical condition of vehicles as well as carrying out road accident reviews.

Benchmarking of the road safety performance among the regions by using DEA

Road Safety Management has important role in reducing the Number of Traffic Accident Casualties, but also to reduce other negative Consequences of Traffic. First step in Road Safety Management is to define current state of the Road Traffic Safety Level and this is often an issue for Decision Makers. Furthermore, evaluation and comparison of the Road Traffic Safety Level presents a major Challenge in Traffic Safety Researches, especially when there is a need for comparison between different regions, in order to better understand local safety situation, to set particular targets and formulate actions. Second important Issue is choosing an adequate method which will make comparison fair to all compared units (departments, municipalities, regions and countries). A lot of studies are focused on methods for the calculation of the level of traffic safety which uses a single numerical value for the assessment of the level of traffic safety (composite performance index). In other words, by using appropriate techniques, traffic safety indicators are combined into a single performance index, in order to represent a grade of the Road Traffic Safety Level. The purpose of this study was to estimate performance i.e. the relative efficiency of different regions by using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Particular method is tested in Montenegro on 21 municipalities and put in context with similar Research from Serbia where 27 police departments were involved.

The statistical analysis of road traffic in cities of Poland

Abstract The main purpose of the study was a statistical analysis of of road safety in voivodeship cities of Poland. Spatio-temporal data contained, inter alia, in the Regional Data Bank and in the Police reports available on the Internet was used to conduct this study. In the study a zero unitarization method proposed by Kukula was used. This method allowed to characterize the cities in Poland according the traffic offences and indicate those of them which are distinguished by the best level of road traffic safety. In the analysis the number of traffic offences registered by the Police, the number of fatalities in road accidents and the detection rate of perpetrators of offences were included. The value added of considerations presented in this article is the analysis and evaluation of available statistical data on traffic crime as well as the use of multi-dimensional statistical analysis in the study regarding the determination of the road traffic safety level in voivodeship cities of the country. The taxonomic development measure based on the zero normalization applied in this paper enabled to order voivodeship cities in Poland by the level of traffic crime.

Road Traffic Safety in Latvia

The article discusses development trends in road traffic safety indicators in Latvia. Changes in society and vehicle fleet after the regain of independence created new situation on the roads. More dynamic vehicle fleet allowed achieving higher average speed of the traffic flow. Reduction in the service level of public transport resulted in much higher use of cars which in turn led to increased traffic flow density. Currently the use of cars in Latvia and in particular in the rural areas has become an integral part of everyday life. It is obvious, that road traffic safety improvement is a complex and complicated task. Despite some achievements during past years, general road traffic safety situation in comparison to other EU countries has still relatively big improvement potential. The article is thus aimed at showing the influence of automobilization increase on road traffic safety level and discussing the reasons for improving road traffic safety level.

Research on the Driving Risk Evaluation in Highway Work Zone Section based on Cloud Model

In order to evaluate the driving risk of the highway construction and maintenance work zone, identify the dangerous sections and improve the level of road traffic safety, considering the traffic conditions, speed and deceleration were used to evaluate the driving risk by cloud transformation and cloud reasoning technology. Based on the traffic flow theory, the traffic volume, speed and deceleration were chosen as the three evaluation indexes, and determine the certainty degree of evaluation index in the concept of cloud model, and the rule base of driving risk evaluation in highway was established and the risk could be evaluated by this method. The research results quantify the impact of traffic volume, speed and acceleration on the driving risk at the highway construction and maintenance work zone, which provides a good reference value for the future road safety design.

Using Czech TCT to Access Safety Impact of Deceleration Lane at Thai U-Turns

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety impact of the deceleration lane at the Upstream Zone of at-grade U-turns on 4-lane divided highways of Thailand. A substantial speed reduction is required by the vehicles for diverging and making U-turn, and the deceleration lanes are provided for this purpose. These are also provides a storage space for the U-turning vehicle to avoid unnecessary blockage of the through lanes and reduce the potential of rear-end collisions. The safety at the U-turn is greatly influenced by the proper or improper uses of the deceleration lanes. Depending on their length, not only either the full or partial speed adjustment can occur within the deceleration lane also it influence the road users’ behavior. To assess the safety impact, the four groups of U-turns with the varying length of deceleration lanes were identified. Due to the limitations of availability and reliability of road crash data in Thailand a surrogate approach, based on traffic conflict was adopted for the study. Although the Traffic Conflict Technique (TCT) is widely accepted as an alternative and proactive approach but subjective nature of its parameters is debatable since its origin. The U-turns’ geometric data, traffic conflicts and volume data were recorded in the field. The Severity Conflict Rate (SCR) is assessed by applying weighing factor (based on severity grades according to the Czech TCT) to the observed conflicts exposed to the conflicting traffic volumes. A comparative higher value of SCR represents a lower level of traffic safety at a U-turn facility and a significant relationship was obtained between the length of deceleration lanes of the U-turns and the level of road traffic safety.

The Application of Modern ICT in Increase of the Road Traffic Safety Level in Terms of Applicability of the Interdependence of Global Positioning System (Assisted GPS) and Dedicated Geographic Information System (GIS)

In order to promote traffic safety, and specifically in the prevention of accidents on the roads, modern standards and procedures require the construction, constant monitoring and updating the database of geospatial data of importance for the spatial and temporal distribution, an analysis of the traffic accidents causes and consequences and the creation of an appropriate response to the traffic risk arising from road’s factor as a geospatial entity. One of the possibilities for meeting the said requirements is the use of GPS technology. Constant monitoring and topographic inventory of changes in the domain of exploitation and technical roads features on the digital geotopographic materials in some of the GIS environment is one of the requirements, standards and procedures for the traffic risk management, but also for creation of a part of the national infrastructure of geospatial data on the principle of interoperability. This paper presents the characteristics of GPS device GeoExplorer® 2008, produced by U.S. Company Trimble, which integrates GPS receiver and a portable computer with the Windows Mobile operating system, and thus represents a functional, light, portable and durable device for field work, with the range of applications for geospatial data mapping and updating in a various and primarily in mobile GIS applications. GIS is a set of software tools, which enable the analysis of different types of data associated with geographic maps. Data on current road conditions and technical traffic control collected by mentioned device shall form the basis for filling in a database in dedicated, stationary GIS applications as a support system part for the traffic safety management.

DETERMINATION OF LATENT FACTORS OF PARTICULAR ACCIDENTS COEFFICIENTS

The estimation of road traffic safety is the fundamental stage for developing measures aimed at preventing and decreasing the number of accidents. The aim of the research is to define latent factors describing the traffic conditions parameters influencing the road traffic safety level. The number of latent factors is supposed to be less than one of parameters in the methodics of the final accidents coefficient determination after V. F. Babkof, professor. Within the given research the problems proving the application of factors analysis methods, defining the necessary number of factors describing the initial data and developing latent factors simple structure as well as receiving factors functions which describe the most part of accidents coefficient variety are set and solved. To prove the application of factors analysis methods the linear model of final accidents coefficient dependence on particular accidents coefficients is developed. Kaiser and Kettle criteria to choose the number of new latent factors are applied. Developing a new simple structure of latent factors, application of “Varymax” being the method of factors rotation, is grounded. The received factors describe more than 80% of variety of initial data values of particular accidents coefficients. The presented results are of great importance for the further research in the field of improvement of the methods to define the road traffic safety level under the traffic conditions.

Analysis of Factors Influencing the Density of Fatalities on National Roads in Poland

Analysis of Factors Influencing the Density of Fatalities on National Roads in PolandIn Poland 20% of the total number of accidents occur on the national roads, which constitute 7% of the length of all roads. In the case of fatalities this share is significantly higher as it constitutes up to 36% of the total casualties. In accordance with the EU Directive (Journal of Laws EU L. 319/59) the level of road traffic safety should be raised by targeting investment on the most dangerous road sections. Finding the dependence between road and traffic factors and the number of accidents and casualties of road accidents may be helpful in predicting safety levels and selecting road traffic safety improvement measures. The paper presents the experience of other countries and preliminary tests results of the impact of the selected factors on the density and the number of road accident fatalities on the national roads in Poland.

Evaluation of Road Traffic Safety Level in the State Main Road Network of Latvia

This article presents methods of accident rate and accident frequency that can be used to analyze dangerous road sections on all state main roads of Latvia. The authors note that evaluation of road traffic safety level may be done using several methods. Latvia has 15 state main roads which lead through 24 out of 26 districts, and their total length in Latvia is 1740.8 km. Analysis of road traffic accident statistics was carried out basing on the data available at Road Traffic Safety Directorate for a three year time period (2005–2007). The authors calculated the critical value of accident rate for the state main roads network, determining that its numerical value is 1.81 accidents per 106 vehicle km. They conclude that the relation between traffic intensity and accident rate for the state main road network of Latvia has been achieved.

Chosen Problems of Road Accidents Analyses in Poland

Chosen Problems of Road Accidents Analyses in Poland This article offers classification of car collisions from the point of view of the most frequent accidents and crash tests. The most important problems are the consequences of incomplete control of a car. The article focuses on the safety of road traffic in Poland and presents an attempt to analyze the causes of most frequent collisions and their consequences. It gives statistical data and attempts to analyze the level of road traffic safety. Some important indicators are shown here to compare the situation in France and Poland, which enabled verification of some opinions about road traffic safety in Poland.