Level Of Risk Awareness Research Articles

The moderating effect of self-efficacy in the risk awareness and treatment compliance of hypertensive patients.

The WHO reported that 46% of adults with HT in the global statistics were unaware of the disease.The aim of this study was to examine the moderating role of self-efficacy in risk awareness and treatment compliance of hypertensive patients. Data for this descriptive and correlational study were collected between 22.08.2023 and 22.02.2024. A personal information form was used for data collection together with a risk awareness scale, self-efficacy scale, and antihypertensive treatment compliance scale. The data were collected from 169 patients in face-to-face intterviews. Multiple linear regression and PROCESS macro-Model vn.3.5 were used in the analyses. The STROBE control list was followed in the study. A moderate level of risk awareness (40.03 ± 7.98) and self-awareness (56.11 ± 10.18) of the study participants was determined, and there was seen to be treatment compliance (6.53 ± 2.34). Risk awareness was seen to be positively correlated with both treatment compliance and self-efficacy (p < 0.05). The moderating effect of the treatment points between risk awareness and self-efficacy was analyzed and the model formed was found to be statistically significant (F = 1.942, p = 0.006). Independent variables in the model explained 28% of the change in the dependent variable. Self-efficacy points were not found to have a moderating effect on the effect of cardiovascular risk awareness on antihypertensive treatment compliance (p = 0.144). Treatment compliance can increase with an increase in the self-efficacy and risk awareness of an individual. Increased self-efficacy may affect the moderating role.

Dynamics of natural hazard risk awareness: Panel analysis insights from Switzerland

The analysis of risk awareness should be the initial stage in integrated natural hazard risk management to promote appropriate and effective measures for mitigating risks and strengthening social resilience inside the multi-risk framework. Nevertheless, earlier studies focused on cross-sectional data and overlooked the changes in risk awareness levels and associated independent variables with time. This study analyzes for the first time a balanced nationwide panel dataset of 1612 respondent-year observations from Switzerland (period 2015–2021, including the epidemic of COVID-19) to examine and compare the effects of potential independent variables on the four dimensions of natural hazard risk awareness (NHRA), ranging from the broadest dimension of Relevance to higher dimensions of Perceived Probability of an event, Perceived Threat to life and valuables, and Perceived Situational Threat. The analysis in this study incorporates multiple methods of Random-Effect Model (RE), Generalized Linear Model (GLM), and mediation analysis. Results show that NHRA increased in Switzerland to different extents (up to 23.24%) depending on the dimension. Event memory, perceived information impact and reported individual informed level appeared to be the most consistent independent variables positively influencing panel NHRA. Among these, perceived information impact as an important indicator of risk communication, was also found to serve as a mediator from risk preparedness to risk awareness. By encouraging residents to engage in “Begin Doing Before Thinking” (BDBT) programs to leverage subliminal effects and self-reflection, this study proposes that behavior-cognition feedback loops may facilitate a virtuous cycle. Our promising observations provide recommendations for an effective awareness-rising strategy design and suggest extensive insights from potential short-interval panel analysis in the future.

Tsunami at school. An experimental strategy to increase students’ risk perception

We tested a methodology for assessing high school students’ tsunami risk perception and knowledge to improve their tsunami awareness. Our objective was to test whether the use of a structured questionnaire on tsunami risk perception could be used as a tool to assess students’ improvement after a lesson on tsunamis. For this purpose, we involved about 100 students from four classes of a high school (Polo Liceale Statale “Lazzaro Spallanzani”) in the town of Tivoli, in central Italy, about 20 km from Rome and 40 km from the seaside. We administered the questionnaire in three subsequent surveys (to 94, 96, and 109 students, respectively), the first of which without providing any information on which subject they would be dealing with. Students were asked to answer the 31 questions individually, each using her/his mobile phone during science class. After two months, all four classes were trained with a frontal lesson and a discussion on tsunami risk. Afterwards, we administered the questionnaire again and ran the second survey. Finally, we met the students one year later and administered the questionnaire again, then we compared the three survey results. The comparison shows that the students’ risk knowledge and perception, which was generally very low in the first survey, improved significantly after the lesson and the relative discussion. Although this result was somewhat expected, it has been possible to confirm and quantify the improvement. According to studies conducted using similar methods [Gray and Di Loreto, 2016; Ayllón et al., 2019], the active participation of students, the collaborative approach provided by teachers and researchers, and the use of a survey tool such as a questionnaire – which, despite being completed individually, fosters an environment of emotional sharing – all contribute to stimulating students’ curiosity and facilitating their learning in traditional educational settings. We then administered the questionnaire to the same classes one year later. The outputs of the third survey show a partial decrease in students’ awareness that nevertheless remains significantly better than in the first survey. This suggests that the students’ involvement in the learning process through the questionnaire and through an active discussion after watching videos and pictures works well, but also that a periodic reminder by the science teachers is needed to maintain a constant level of risk awareness and perception. We propose to replicate this approach by involving teachers in the survey, providing them with a recorded lesson with all the basic elements, to be shown between the first and second administration of the questionnaire, and with periodic (yearly) reminders.

Dementia Risk Awareness, Health Behaviors and Motivation for Dementia Prevention in Middle-Aged and Older Adults in Türkiye.

This study aimed to investigate factors influencing motivation for dementia preventive behaviors in a population aged 40 and over. We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study between December 2022 and May 2023, involving 483 participants in an online survey. We collected data on dementia risk awareness, healthy lifestyle choices, and motivation for dementia risk reduction. The majority of respondents, comprising 41.6%, demonstrated a moderate level of risk awareness, with 50.5% believing that prevention is beyond anyone's control. Motivations for lifestyle change were significantly higher in women (p < .001) and `participants with university degree education (p < .05). Regression analysis identified gender (female), education level (higher education), and dementia risk awareness, emerged as significant predictors of motivation to change lifestyle (beta: .138, beta: .136, beta: .114, p < .001, respectively). This study underscores the importance of risk awareness in motivating dementia prevention, suggesting avenues for future research to explore specific determinants of motivation to reduce dementia risks.

Level of Risk Awareness and Insurance Literacy of Ilocanos Residing in Ilocos Sur

Numerous individuals exhibit hesitancy towards procuring insurance, potentially attributed to their confidence in not requiring it or their perception of insurance as excessively complex, influenced by the plethora of available information. The objective of this study was to determine the level of risk awareness and insurance literacy of the general public in different municipalities and component cities of Ilocos Sur. There were five hundred thirty-four (534) individuals from different municipalities in Ilocos Sur, and stratified random sampling was used. This study employed a descriptive-correlational research design using a quantitative approach. The researchers used a survey questionnaire as the primary research instrument. To correlate the levels of awareness of the Ilocanos about health and life insurance with their insurance literacy, the researchers used the International Business Machine Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM SPSS), specifically correlation analysis. The research shows a strong correlation between risk awareness and insurance literacy among the general public in Ilocos Sur, with respondents exhibiting heightened awareness of safety, security, return, and liquidity aspects of insurance, emphasizing health as a primary concern, and placing significance on familial considerations when insurance. The data indicates a clear understanding of the concept of beneficiaries and reflects a discerning public with a keen understanding of insurance decisions.

Risk Management Strategies in Financial Institutions

This research aims to explore the factors that influence the effectiveness of risk management strategies in financial institutions. Through analysis of variables such as the level of risk awareness across the organization, the level of success in identifying and mitigating the impact of risks, and employee participation in the risk management process, our findings show that these factors have a significant influence on the effectiveness of risk management strategies. Financial institutions that have a strong risk culture, supported by a high level of risk awareness and open communication about risk across the organizational hierarchy, tend to be more successful in managing risk and achieving their goals. The practical implication of this research is the importance of strengthening risk culture, increasing risk awareness throughout the organization, and encouraging active employee participation in the risk management process to increase the effectiveness of risk management strategies in financial institutions.

Simulator-based driving test prescreening as a complement to driver testing – Toward safer and more risk-aware drivers

Young people represent a high-risk group of drivers and the prevalence of road traffic crashes among young drivers is high. Thus, to increase traffic safety, it is essential to ensure that new drivers are both sufficiently educated in and assessed for risk awareness.The aim of this study was to examine the possibility and potential benefit of using a driving simulator screening test as a complement to the existing on-road driving test. The main idea is to detect drivers who are not ready to proceed to the driving test.A comparative study was performed with participants who passed and failed a simulator test and an on-road driving test, respectively. A comparison between subjective and objective measures of performance and risk was also included. A driving simulator was placed at a traffic school and customers were recruited as participants. In total, 70 participants took part in the study and the simulated drive consisted of rural roads, urban traffic, and motorways with 16 different scenarios, constructed from the second level of the GDE matrix, to examine driving behavior, attention, and risk perception.The results show that with a screening test in a driving simulator, it is possible to detect drivers who consider themselves ready to take a driving test, but who have not yet reached the level of risk awareness required to be a safe driver. Test scenarios should be suited to detect deficiencies in risk awareness, test different levels of the GDE matrix and, to complement the driving test, be difficult to assess in an on-road driving test. Deficiencies in self-evaluation that are well-known among young drivers are again confirmed. To practice self-evaluation, the driving simulator is suggested as a pedagogical tool, linked to the GDE matrix.

Fresh Produce Harvesting Equipment – A Review of Cleaning and Sanitizing Practices and Related Science

During produce harvesting operations, various types of tools, equipment, and containers have direct contact with crops. Best practices for harvesting equipment include routine cleaning and sanitation of food-contact surfaces and areas adjacent to food-contact surfaces. Studies investigating transfer of human pathogens to produce during harvesting operations have revealed numerous crop-contact points with the potential to serve as conduits for pathogen transfer, including harvesting machinery, knives, conveyors, cutting boards, harvest bins and cartons, and cleaning equipment. When these surfaces are contaminated with human pathogens, the pathogens can be transferred to crops during harvesting activities. Minimizing and controlling microbial hazards to prevent contamination of produce during harvesting operations in both indoor and outdoor settings presents challenges that require a transformative level of risk awareness and vigilance from all involved in management and operations. Although new technologies are being explored to improve equipment cleanability, prevention combined with robust cleaning and sanitizing methods remain the most critical maintenance aspects of harvesting equipment that is at low risk for contamination. As part of the produce industry’s continuous efforts to enhance the safety of harvested fresh produce crops, this review summarizes scientific findings that harvesting equipment operators can utilize to evaluate and further inform current cleaning and sanitation practices.

Risk assessment of renewable energy projects using a novel hybrid fuzzy approach

ABSTRACT The majority of countries attempting to switch from conventional energy sources to renewable energy sources have decided to make significant investments in these projects. This study aims to identify critical risks for renewable energy (RE) investment projects using a novel hybrid approach based on interval type 2 hesitant fuzzy sets (IT2HFS) and alpha level sets. The hybrid model integrates interval type 2 hesitant fuzzy (IT2HF) DEMATEL-based analytic network processing (DANP) with qualitatively flexible multiple criteria (QUALIFLEX). In the first stage, the dimensions and criteria for RE investment risks are defined. In the second stage, the importance levels of these attributes are assessed. Finally, the risk awareness levels of strong, average, and weak investors are graded using the IT2HF-QUALIFLEX. The results indicate that the cost of the investment and technological maturity are the substantial criteria for RE investment projects. Also, the sensitivity analysis is conducted, and the stability of the results for the proposed approach is verified. Eventually, five different scenarios are designed, and the results are interpreted accordingly. The findings of this study will be valuable to investors, enterprises, and authorities involved in evaluating their investment in RE projects.

Diving in at the ‘Bottom End’: The Risk Awareness and Risk Management Practices of Sub £65K Landlords

Significant growth in Scotland’s private rented sector over the last 25 years has been led by a large number of individual lay investors/landlords who each own a smattering of properties. These characteristics, which are replicated in several countries where neoliberal housing policies prevail, have implications for the efficacy of PRS investments, but also for conditions and the stability of investment patterns within the sector. This study examines landlord investment risk awareness and behaviours via qualitative interviews with a small sample of Scottish landlords operating at the ‘bottom end’ of the market, which is disproportionately home to vulnerable groups and where some investment risks are believed to be more acute. The findings suggest that some landlords have relatively low levels of risk awareness, fail to adequately consider risk prior to investing in the PRS, have mixed success in selecting and implementing risk management and mitigation strategies, and incur significant risk-borne costs, which can limit returns.

Contract pre-review and performance risk control model analysis

Under the background of continuous development of Chinese science and technology economy, social residents' demand for power resources is getting higher and higher. In order to strengthen its core competitiveness, electric power enterprises begin to focus on the study of contract management. According to the analysis of the current situation of contract performance management in power enterprises in recent years, as the core content of overall project management, the interest relationship between the construction unit and the enterprise will eventually be reflected in the contract. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the pre-review of the contract and the management and control of the performance risk, and always maintain a high level of risk awareness. Only in this way can the parties to the contract use legal means to safeguard their rights and interests. On The Basis Of Understanding The Risk Of Contaect Review Of And Performance ，This Patper Deeply Discusses The Forward Contract Model Of a certain power Project according To The system Constructed By the current power enterprise, so as to determine the contract management measures of the power enterprise.

Self-imposed social isolation among clients of social care organisations in the COVID-19 pandemic

Although self-imposed social isolation is an important way of reducing the risk of COVID-19 infection, previous research indicates that this behaviour varies substantially between different groups and individuals. Socially marginalized people are generally less involved in protective health behaviours, but there are few studies of their COVID-19 protective behaviours. The aims of the paper are therefore to: 1) compare self-imposed social isolation to avoid COVID-19 among socially marginalized groups, and to 2) examine factors influencing this, focusing especially on the role of social capital, risk awareness and sources of information about COVID-19. The study is based on survey data (N = 173) from people who are clients of social care organisations in Estonia, Norway, Hungary and Portugal. The sample involves clients living: a) in their homes, b) in facilities, and c) on the street or under temporary arrangements. Results indicate that the level of social isolation among the marginalized groups is comparable to that of the general population in previous studies. As hypothesized, we find that respondents living on the street or under temporary arrangements engage in less self-imposed social isolation than e.g. the respondents living in their homes. We also find lower levels of risk awareness, social capital and trust in authorities' information about COVID-19 among people living on the street or under temporary arrangements. Only linking social capital and trust in authorities' information was significantly related to respondents’ social isolation, and not worry for COVID-19 infection. Thus, it seems that respondents largely self-isolated because of “duty” and not worry for infection.

An assessment of drug and substance abuse prevalence: a cross-sectional study among undergraduates in selected southwestern universities in Nigeria.

ObjectiveThis cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence and awareness of drug and substance abuse among undergraduates in four southwestern universities in Nigeria.MethodsThe sample of 400 students included 100 male and female students in the 15- to 29-year age range from each of the four selected universities in southwest Nigeria between December 2019 and June 2020. Descriptive statistics and Pearson chi-square tests were used for data analysis using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS).ResultsFour hundred students satisfied the inclusion criteria and suitably completed the questionnaire. Most respondents were in the 15- to 19-year and 20- to 24-year age groups and were female (68%). Drug and substance abuse prevalence was 45.7%; one in every four students abused substances despite an aggregate risk awareness level of 94.6%. Alcohol and cigarettes—legally and socially accepted substances—were the most abused (61.5% and 54.5%, respectively). Codeine-containing syrup and tramadol topped the list of drugs, ranking higher than cannabis. The major motive was to ‘get high’ and numb emotional problems caused by predominantly socioeconomic and societal factors.ConclusionThe study showed a notable prevalence of drug and substance abuse across the selected universities in southwest Nigeria.

유통물류 환경 변화에 따른 사후송금방식 (Open Account) 수출거래특성과 신용위험 최소화 방안 연구

In recent decades, export trends have rapidly changed. As building long-term relationships with clients, the preference for payment is changing from documentary credit transactions to remittances. Accordingly, an extensive study on credit risk assessment on Open Account (from now on O/A) from the perspective of exporters is essential to reduce credit risk. The purpose of our study is to analyze the relationship between the characteristics of O/A and credit risk management performance mediated by the level of risk. In addition, the moderated mediating effect of the overseas trading period on the relationship will be analyzed. Our research model and hypothesis were designed through an in-depth interview with a person in charge of practical affairs and previous literature. The target of the survey is shippers who perform general forms of exports through forwarders or shipping companies in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, and Incheon. In order to secure objectivity of the questionnaire responses, simple random sampling was used with the list of members such as the Korea International Trade Association (KITA), Certified Trading Company, and Korea Certified Customs Attorneys Association. The analysis results are as follows: First, the characteristics of O/A had a positive effect on the level of risk. These results are consistent with the book by Harlaar &amp; de Leeuw (2020). Considering that O/A is a deal on credit, it should be possible to increase the level of risk awareness through pre-negotiations. Second, the level of risk had a positive effect on credit risk management performance. These results are consistent with those of Niepmann &amp; Schmidt-Eisenlohr (2017), Lee Jung-sun, and Huh Eun-sook (2021). In other words, the greater the recognition of risk, the lower the likelihood of credit risk. Third, the characteristics of O/A had a positive effect on credit risk management performance. This finding is consistent with those in the book of Lin (2022). In O/A, the exporter’s withdrawal of payment often depends only on the importer’s credit. Therefore, using appropriate insurance for each transaction can have a significant positive effect on credit risk management performance. Fourth, in the relationship between the characteristics of O/A and the level of risk, the overseas trading period had a significant moderated mediation effect. Our findings show that the longer the overseas transaction period, the lower the level of risk recognition due to accumulated transaction experience. This study is different from the study of Han Woo-jung and Cho Hyuk-soo (2019) in that trade experience and trading period are designed as moderating variables rather than independent variables.

화학물질 취급 사업장의 생산자와 지역주민의 리스크 커뮤니케이션에 관한 연구

The study focused on the possibility of chemical accidents (fire, explosion, leakage) centered on the Daesan Petrochemical Complex, which is a densely populated area for chemical substances handling business sites, and 201 producers and 82 local residents were investigated. The purpose of this study was to present a risk communication plan by identifying the significant differences in risk perception, prevention (control) possibility, and fear of consequences (damage) for risk factors of fire, explosion, and leakage. The level of risk awareness and fear of damage of local residents was higher than that of producers at chemical substances handling business sites, and it was recognized that prevention (control) of accidents was difficult. For effective risk communication with producers of chemical substances handling workplaces and local residents, it is required to plan and operate risk communication activities in the direction of bridging the gap of risk perception and fear of harm between stakeholder together. ‘Odors or other anomalie’s is a practically controllable variable and it can be used to reduce the risk perception of local residents by thoroughly preventing its occurrence. In future research, it will be necessary to utilize risk communication between producers and local residents of various chemical substances handling business sites.

A SCALE DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION STUDY: COMMUNICABLE DISEASES RISK AWARENESS AND PROTECTION SCALE

Objective: It is important to measure the risk awareness and protection levels of individuals to be protected from infectious diseases that maintain their importance for society by showing a dynamic course. This study was aimed to develop the “Communicable Diseases Risk Awareness and Protection Scale” as a measurement tool for adult individuals. Materials and Methods: This is a methodological research, and the purposeful sampling method was used. The item pool prepared by the researchers has been provided with scope validity with expert opinions. After the pilot study, the 60-item draft scale was applied to the research group, consisting of 740 individuals. After an item analysis and an exploratory factor analysis, a confirmatory factor analysis was performed on the draft scale. Results: As a result of the principal components analysis and the Varimax rotation method, a six-factor structure was formed with the explained total variance of 45.21%. Since the Chi-square/ df:2.78, RMSEA:0.049, CFI:0.97, GFI:0.97, AGFI:0.97, NFI:0.96, and RFI:0.96 met the fit criteria, the construct validity of the scale was confirmed. In reliability analysis: Cronbach ᾳ value of the scale was 0.91; sub-dimensions were between 0.60-0.78. The Spearman-Brown coefficient was 0.86, and the test-retest correlation value was 0.95. Conclusion: It has been determined that the ‘Communicable diseases risk awareness and protection scale,’ consisting of 6 sub-dimensions and 36 items, was determined to be valid and reliable. The increase in the total score indicates a high level of risk awareness and protection from communicable diseases.

Implementation of a Novel Medication Regimen Following Cardiac Rehabilitation: an Application of the Health Action Process Approach.

Medication adherence is an indispensable prerequisite for the long-term management of many chronic diseases. However, published literature suggests that non-adherence is widely prevalent. Health behavior change theories can help understand the underlying processes and allow the accumulation of knowledge in the field. The present study applied the health action process approach (HAPA) in an intensive longitudinal research design to investigate medication adherence in patients after discharge from inpatient cardiac rehabilitation. In total, n = 139 patients (84.9% male, Mage = 62.2years) completed n = 2,699 daily diaries in the 22days following discharge from inpatient cardiac rehabilitation. Patients' intentions to take medication and predictors were assessed in daily end-of-day questionnaires. Adherence to medication was measured subjectively (self-report) and objectively. Multilevel modeling was applied to disentangle the between- and within-person level. Higher levels of risk awareness and self-efficacy were positively associated with intentions to take medication at both levels of analysis. Contrary to theoretical assumptions, positive outcome expectations were not associated with intention, neither between- nor within-person. In contrast to published literature, patients showed very high medication adherence (95.2% self-report, 92.2% objectively). In line with the theoretical assumptions, the results showed that risk awareness and self-efficacy are promising modifiable factors that could be targeted to motivate patients to take medication as prescribed. Daily measurements revealed that patients took their medication as prescribed; thus, future studies should make every effort to recruit patients vulnerable to non-adherence to avoid ceiling effects.

Children and Parents' Awareness Regarding Potential Hazards Derived from the Use of Chemical Products in Greece.

Over the last decades, human activities prompted the high production and widespread use of household chemical products, leading to daily exposure of humans to several chemicals. The objective of this study was to investigate the frequency of chemicals’ use by children and parents in Greece and estimate the level of risk awareness and understanding among them. A total of 575 parents and children were asked to answer an anonymous, closed-ended, validated, and self-administered questionnaire. One-third of the children and almost half of the parents participating in the study believed that commonly used chemical products do not pose any risk to human health or to the environment, despite the product labelling. The majority of both children (61.8%) and parents (70.6%) were informed about product safety via the product labelling. Around 20% in both groups could not differentiate between systemic toxicity and acute lethal effects depicted by pictograms on the label and milder hazards, such as skin irritation. Moreover, the information on hazard and precautionary statements appearing on the label was very poorly perceived. Therefore, as both children and parents seem not to clearly identify the hazards and risks arising from the use of everyday chemical products, targeted awareness policies should be implemented to support the safe use of household products.

Care for caregivers- a mission for primary care

BackgroundThe number of elderly people living in the community who are limited in daily activities is increasing worldwide. This generates prolonged care, which usually falls on one family member, the family caregiver. Caregivers are prone to develop psychosocial and physical symptoms. As a result, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued a clear directive to assess and support these caregivers.The main goals of this study were to assess primary care physicians’ (PCP) awareness to caregivers’ health risks and the extent that they recommended preventive measures to maintain the health of the caregivers. As no suitable instrument existed, a secondary goal was to develop a scale to measure physicians’ awareness to caregivers’ health and preventive treatment and test it’s psychometric properties.MethodsData were collected from a convenience sample of 201 PCP interviewed with structured questionnaires.ResultsThe participants’ mean age was 48.5 ± 11.2 years and 53.5% were female. Only 48.5% were Israel medical graduates and 72% were board-certified family physicians. Nearly 34% had been primary caregivers of family members.Most physicians (83.6%) were aware of the primary caregiver’s high-risk for morbidity and mortality, and recommended preventive care. On a multivariate regression, PCP's higher level of risk awareness, their country of medical school and board certification were significant for explaining recommendations for preventive care. However, being a primary caregiver for a sick family member neither contributed significantly to the physicians’ awareness to caregiving risks nor to their preventive care.ConclusionAlthough a high percentage of physicians were aware and concerned about caregivers’ health, their preventive care activities were relatively passive. PCPs should take a more active and preventive role for maintaining caregivers’ health.

Assessment of risk awareness in medium-sized and large construction organizations in Kuwait

The construction business is extremely risky, and risks are faced in every project. Risk awareness has a significant influence on organizational strategy, and it can be argued that adequate risk awareness is critical for minimizing business risk. Despite the need for adequately understanding and managing business risk, it has been found that the level of risk awareness within the construction industry remains insufficient. In Kuwait, there is a lack of research studies that examine construction risk and risk management practices. This study represents an attempt to understand risk awareness within large- and medium-sized construction organizations in Kuwait. The study used an online survey that was sent to construction organizations registered under Category 1 in the Central Agency for Public Tenders (CAPT) in Kuwait. The findings of the survey revealed that owner-related factors, financial and economic risk, design risk and project complexity, subcontractor unavailability, labor unavailability, and political and government instability are the main concerns/risks faced. It is believed that the findings of this research could support efforts by construction organizations to eliminate such concerns and suggest other risks that may be overlooked by the studied organizations. The research findings indicated that 42% of the organizations rely on previous experience to manage risk and that only 25% of the organizations implement risk management processes, while 17% manage risk intuitively, and 16% by other approaches. Accordingly, it is critical to promote the systematic implementation of a risk management process in Kuwaiti construction organizations by revealing the advantages promised by such a process and providing a comprehensive understanding of risk attitude. Achieving this goal would aid the realization of the 2035 development vision of Kuwait, since most of the development projects within this vision involve international construction organizations, which may be advanced in the risk management field and thus be interested in understanding the level of risk awareness of their target market in Kuwait.