Levels Of Rice Bran Research Articles

Interactions between dietary phosphorus level, phytase supplementation and pelleting on performance and bone parameters of broilers fed high levels of rice bran

Maize and soyabean-based diets containing 100 g rice bran kg −1, which is high in phytate, were used to determine stability of a phytase preparation to commercial-type pelleting (85 °C) and the effect of dietary dicalcium phosphate on losses in enzyme activity due to pelleting. The basal diet was phosphorus deficient (1.6 g available phosphorus kg −1) and the addition of 280 FTU of phytase kg −1 improved BWG, FI, and FC. The pelleting process did not affect phytase activity negatively. Additional dicalcium phosphate did not modulate the effect of pelleting on phytase activity. The increment of dietary phosphorus by a standard source (NaHPO 4H 2O) was effective in increasing bone ash and breaking strength, but was not related to bone elasticity.

Use of different levels of rice bran in laying hen diets

Use of different levels of rice bran in laying hen diets

Effects of Different Sources of Microbial Phytase on Production Performance of Brown-Egg Layers Fed Diets Containing a High Level of Rice Bran

Rice bran is widely used in rice-producing countries as a feed ingredient in layer diets. It contains a high level of P, of which 80% is phytate-bound P. A trial was conducted on a commercial layer farm to evaluate effects of three different sources of microbial phytase (Phytase A, Phytase B, and Phytase C) on production performance of brown-egg layers fed diets containing 22% rice bran. A total of 46,080, 23-wk-old layers was used. They were randomly allocated to 20 identical houses containing 2,304 birds per house. A standard control diet containing 0.31% nonphytate P and 3.60% calcium was used. The control diet was reformulated to contain 0.19% nonphytate P to which three different sources of microbial phytase were added. Phytase A was added at 180 g/ tonne, Phytase B at 120 g/tonne, and Phytase C at 60 g/tonne. All experimental diets were fed to layers for 25 wk. Results indicated that there were no statistically significant phytase effects, regardless of source, on hen-day production, feed intake, egg mass, or number of cracked eggs when compared to the control treatment group. The result suggests that Phytases A, B, and C are effective sources of microbial phytase that can be used in reduced-P layer diets containing a high level of rice bran.

The functional effectiveness of reprocessed rice bran as an ingredient in bakery products.

Rice bran, as a coproduct of the rice milling industry, is yet to be efficiently utilized for human consumption. Despite its excellent nutrition, its hypoallergenicity and recently claimed nutraceutical properties, it is mainly utilized for animal feed or simply discharged. It is of interest to incorporate this healthy ingredient back into our diet. In these studies, rice bran was processed by drum-drying and pin-milling. This processing step increased hydration capacity and removed grittiness by decreasing mean particle size from 444 to 72 microns and producing a desirable monomodal size distribution. There are no reported studies addressing differences in rice bran composition in food applications and specifically their effect on bread quality. Thus, we were interested in examining the functional properties of bread made with processed full-fat (FFRB) and defatted (DFRB) bran from three cultivars (long, medium and short grain rice) and to compare them to a control. For 10% and 20% replacements of wheat flour, respectively, loaf volume increased 2% for FFRB and decreased 6% for DFRB and decreased by 6% for FFRB and 17% for DFRB. Loaf volume was highest with medium rice bran and this was attributed to its lowest fiber content and highest starch content among three varieties. Texture profile analysis showed no significant differences as far as cohesiveness and springiness, but bread hardness, gumminess and chewiness increased with increased levels of rice bran and was higher for DFRB bread than for FFRB. Measurements of texture determined that there was no detrimental effect in adding 10% FFRB to the bread and a very slight hardening of the loaves with the 20% FFRB, when compared to the control. It was found that FFRB gave better textural characteristics than DFRB overall and differences amongst different rice bran varieties were not significant.

Evaluation of rice straw — poultry droppings based rations supplemented with graded levels of rice bran in fistulated buffaloes

The effect of supplementation of deoiled rice bran (DORB) at catalytic levels of 500 (D-1), 750 (D-2), 1000 (D-3) and 1250 (D-4) g along with a caged poultry droppings (CPD)-molasses-mineral mixture of 810 g and ad lib rice straw (0.704% nitrogen) was evaluated with four rumen fistulated graded Murrah ( Bubalus bubalis) bull calves (176.5 ± 0.2) in a 4 × 4 latin square design using criteria such as in sacco degradability of rice straw, voluntary dry matter (DM) intake, apparent digestibility of nutrients and rumen parameters. Rumen degradation characteristics of DM and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) of rice straw were described by fitting the data to the exponential equation P = a + b[1 − e (− ct) ]. The rumen environment created by supplementation of DORB at 1000 g day −1 (D-3) to a rice straw-based diet increased ( P < 0.05) the potential degradability ( a + b) and rate of degradability ( c) of DM and NDF of rice straw over those diets with 500 (D-1) or 750 (D-2) g day −1 of supplementation. Supplementation of DORB up to 1000 g (D-3) along with 500 g CPD and 250 g molasses to a rice straw-mineral diet significantly increased the DM intake of basal rice straw and total feed and digestibility of DM, crude protein (CP), NDF and acid detergent fibre (ADF) ( P < 0.05) and organic matter (OM) ( P < 0.01). The digestible crude protein (DCP) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) of diets 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively, were 3.37, 50.47%; 3.75, 52.49%; 4.11, 56.47% and 3.88, 56.06% which were significantly ( P < 0.05) influenced by the supplementation. The rumen parameters (averages of 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h postfeeding) revealed that pH and ammonia nitrogen (NH 3N) of D-3 were conducive to rumen fermentative digestion of feed and total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) concentrations were positively correlated with the DM intakes of the animals. It is concluded that supplementation of DORB at 1000 g day −1 along with a poultry droppings-molasses-mineral mixture to rice straw maximizes the utilization of rice straw in buffaloes and thus paves the way to develop an economic feeding system.

Cholesterol-Lowering in Hamsters Fed Rice Bran at Various Levels, Defatted Rice Bran and Rice Bran Oil ,

This study was conducted to determine the relative cholesterol-lowering effects of several levels of full-fat rice bran in hamsters. In addition, the separate effects of defatted rice bran and/or crude rice bran oil were investigated at levels equivalent to those present in 43.7% full-fat rice bran. Diets containing 10.9, 21.8, 32.8 or 43.7% full-fat rice bran, 35% defatted rice bran and/or 9% rice bran oil were fed to 4-wk-old male hamsters. All diets contained 10% total dietary fiber, 9% fat and 3.2% nitrogen; hypercholesterolemic diets contained 0.3% cholesterol; two diets were cholesterol-free, i.e., 10% cellulose and 43.7% full-fat rice bran. After 21 d, plasma and liver cholesterol, plasma triglycerides and liver weights were significantly greater in hamsters fed the 10% cellulose diet with 0.3% cholesterol compared with those fed the cholesterol-free cellulose diet. In animals fed cholesterol-free diets, plasma cholesterol values were significantly lower in those fed the 43.7% full-fat rice bran diet than in those fed the cellulose diet. In animals fed cholesterol-containing diets, plasma and liver cholesterol were significantly lower in animals fed the 43.7% full-fat rice bran diet than in those fed the cellulose diet. Plasma cholesterol reductions were significantly correlated to the level of rice bran in the diet. In cholesterol-fed hamsters, total liver cholesterol content was significantly lower in those fed the defatted rice bran diet with rice bran oil compared with those fed the cellulose diet. Full-fat rice bran was the only treatment that significantly lowered both plasma and liver cholesterol. Data suggest that recombined defatted rice bran and rice bran oil are not as effective as full-fat rice bran in producing significant cholesterol reductions in hamsters.

Response of growing bulls to diets containing untreated or urea-treated rice straw with rice bran supplementation

Untreated or urea-treated (4% w/w) rice straw supplemented with five levels of rice bran (0–1·6 kg/day) was given to 74 growing cross-bred bulls. Urea treatment significantly ( P < 0·001) improved feed dry matter intake at all levels of rice bran supplementation. Feeding treated straw alone increased dry matter intakes up to 30%. This could be partly due to the significantly higher ( P < 0·01) organic matter digestibility of the treated straw (59 vs 53%). At all levels of supplementation, treated straw gave significantly higher ( P < 0·001) liveweight gains than untreated straw. Animal fed on treated straw alone gained 93 g/day, whereas those fed on untreated straw lost 123 g/day. Treating straw with urea economises on rice bran supplementation or results in higher liveweight gain for the same level of supplementation.

Nutritive value of raw, parboiled, stabilised and deoiled rice bran for growing chicks

AbstractThe proximate analysis of different types of rice bran (raw, parboiled, stabilised and deoiled) showed wide differences in the oil, fibre, ash and available carbohydrate contents. Free fatty acids in the fat extracted from the raw, parboiled and stabilised rice brans were 500.6, 277.8 and 163.1 g kg−1 respectively. Palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids constituted about 94.5% of the total fatty acids in oils extracted from those rice bran types.In chick growth trials, the average metabolisable energy of raw, parboiled, stabilised and deoiled rice brans was found to be 12.34, 11.67, 12.11 and 9.08 MJ kg−1 DM, respectively. The bodyweight gain of broiler chicks over a period of 6 weeks was depressed by 183, 79, 49 and 200 g when the level of the respective brans was raised from 200 to 400 g kg−1 in the diet. However, the food and protein conversions were significantly depressed at both levels of rice bran in the diets.

Rice bran as a supplement to elephant grass for cattle and buffalo in Indonesia: 1. Feed intake, utilization and growth rates

SUMMARYIndonesian Ongole and swamp buffalo bulls were fed ad libitum a diet of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) with five levels of rice bran (0, 1·2, 2·4, 3·6 and 4·8 kg/head/ day) in a study lasting 161 days. Measurements were made of the digestibility of the diet, the balances of nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium and water and the metabolizability of the gross energy. Using multiple regressions, the daily intakes of metabolizable energy were partitioned between maintenance and growth.Feeding rice bran stimulated appetite, initially improved feed conversion efficiency and increased growth rates. Each additional kilogram of rice bran fed depressed grass dry-matter intake by 0·8 kg in the buffaloes and 0·6 kg in Ongoles. Rice bran had little effect on digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and energy. Metabolizable energy contents of rice bran and elephant grass were calculated to be, respectively, 9·5 and 8·2 MJ/kg dry matter. Nitrogen and phosphorus status was improved in the supplemented animals but the balance of calcium was adversely affected. Voluntary feed intake was always higher in the buffaloes but the differences were reduced with increasing rice-bran supplementation.Metabolizable energy requirements for maintenance and growth did not differ significantly between Ongole and buffaloes and were similar to values calculated for British animals.

Effect of Rice Bran and Leucaena Supplementation on the Growth Performance of Goats Fed with Urea Treated Rice Straw

An experiment was conducted for 90 days to determine the effect of energy level using different levels of RB on the UTRS as a basal diet supplemented with fixed level of Leucaena on growing goats. Experimental diets included four levels of rice bran: 0% rice bran (RB), 10% RB, 20% RB, and 30% RB in basal diets. A total of 20 growing female goats of 5 to 6 months age were randomly allocated into four different dietary groups. Findings showed that inclusion of 20% rice bran significantly (P&lt;0.05) improved in total DMI than the other levels. A 30% RB inclusion was not able to improve further the total DMI, which might be due to the negative effect of higher level of anti-nutritional factor in rice bran. In-situ degradation of D3 and D4 recorded the higher estimated solid outflow rate indicating on the improvement on digestion of feedstuffs. The 20 and 30% RB inclusion resulted to significantly (p&lt;0.05) higher OM digestibility of UTRS-based diet with Leucaena supplementation. ADG (41.1g), FCE (10.96) and benefit over feed cost Philippino Peso 238.2) was significantly higher in diet groups with 20% RB inclusion. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the supplementation of rice bran at 20% level is economic net income (US$ .040 /goat) in feeding goats with UTRS based diet and supplemented with 20% of Leucaena. Key words: goat; urea treated rice straw; rice bran; digestibility; growth performance DOI: 10.3126/njst.v9i0.3161Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 9 (2008) 29-36