Recovery Of Levels Research Articles

Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera) Terhadap Gambaran Histologi Hepar pada Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) yang Dipapar Alkohol

Liver damage continues to be a prevailing global health issue. Primary risk factors to liver impairment encompass excessive alcohol consumption. According to the National Anti-Alcohol Movement in 2014, it was disclosed that 23% of 14.4 million adolescents in Indonesia consumed alcohol, indicating a substantial increase compared to 2007. With the progression of scientific knowledge, herbal plants such as Moringa oleifera leaves have been extensively utilized for medicinal purposes due to their content of phytochemical compounds like flavonoids, glucosinolates, isothiocyanates, and phenolic acids, which play crucial roles as antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents. The aim of this research is to examine the influence of ethanol extract from Moringa oleifera leaves on the histological depiction of the livers of white rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to alcohol. The research method involved 25 rats divided into five groups, each consisting of 5 rats. The negative control group (K-) received standard feed and water, the positive control group (K+) received 25% alcohol, and three other groups received 25% alcohol along with Moringa oleifera leaf extract at three different doses (250 mg/kgBW, 500 mg/kgBW, and 1000 mg/kgBW) for 21 days. The research findings highlight a significant disparity in terms of necrotic cells, with K+ displaying 22.4 hepatocyte necrosis, K1 with 20.8 hepatocyte necrosis, K2 with 13.2 hepatocyte necrosis, and K3 with 6.2 hepatocyte necrosis. The K+ and K1 groups experienced more substantial hepatic damage compared to the K-, K2, and K3 groups. Meaningful improvements were notably evident, especially in the treatment group receiving Moringa oleifera leaf extract at a dose of 1000 mg/kgBW, indicating the involvement of the dose of Moringa oleifera leaf extract as a factor influencing the level of hepatocyte cell recovery.

Staff Turnover Intention at Long-Term Care Facilities: Implications of Resident Aggression, Burnout, and Fatigue

ObjectivesStaff shortages and the high turnover rate of nursing assistants pose great challenges to long-term care. This study examined the effects of aggression from residents of long-term care facilities, burnout, and fatigue on staff turnover intention. The findings will help managers to devise effective measures to retain their staff. DesignCross-sectional descriptive study design. Setting and ParticipantsA total of 800 nursing assistants were recruited from 70 long-term care facilities using convenience sampling. MethodsThe participants were individually interviewed and provided information about their turnover intention, resident aggression witnessed and experienced, self-efficacy, neuroticism, burnout, fatigue, and personal and facility characteristics. ResultsHierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that the size and organizational practices of long-term care facilities were not associated with staff turnover intention. Staff who spent less time in the industry reported witnessing resident-to-resident aggression, experienced resident-to-staff aggression, reported high levels of burnout, had acute or chronic fatigue, and had low levels of inter-shift recovery were more likely than others to report a high turnover intention. Conclusions and ImplicationsStaff turnover poses great challenges to staff, residents, and organizations. This study identified important factors that may help support staff in long-term care facilities. Specific measures, such as person-centered care to diminish resident aggression by addressing residents’ unmet needs, work-directed programs to mitigate burnout and improve staff mental health, and flexible schedules to prevent fatigue should also be advocated to prevent staff turnover.

Vitamin D Dependent Rickets Type 1a as a Rare Cause of Rickets: Case Report and Literature Review

Aim: The purpose of this paper is to describe one example of type Ia, vitamin D-dependent rickets. Methods: A diagnosis has been made based on physical examination, laboratory results, and radiographic examination. A positive gentic mutation has also been used to corroborate the diagnosis. Results: Here, we present a case of a 2-year-old Saudi girl who exhibits delayed motor development and valgus deformity of the feet together with biochemical and radiographic signs of vitamin D abnormalities. She was initially treated at a peripheral hospital for rickets as Vitamin D deficiency and given cholecalciferol for six months; however, there was little improvement. Later, she was referred to us, and we performed a genetic study that revealed a positive gentic mutation at CYP27B1, confirming the diagnosis of Vitamin D dependent Rickets 1a, and Calcitriol treatment followed. Within 4 weeks, the patient exhibits significant recovery, and both PTH and alkaline phosphatase levels return to normal. After three months of calcitriol treatment, clinical and radiological proof of the improvement was observed. Conclusions: In this research, we raise the knowledge that rickets is not always caused by vitamin deficiency and that early presentations should increase awareness of inherited causes of rickets such VDDR1a that do not react to cholecalciferol and gentic investigation is helpful in such cases.

39 Measuring Psychological Resilience as a Predictor of mTBI Recovery: Is There Value Added to the Clinical Exam?

Objective:Recent studies have begun to explore the role of psychological resilience in pediatric mTBI recovery, with findings associating higher levels of resilience with shorter recovery and lower levels of resilience mediated by pre-injury anxiety and depression associated with persistent symptoms. The purpose of this study is to extend the current literature by further exploring the relationship between resilience, post-injury emotional changes, and length of recovery from pediatric mTBI. Based upon previous literature, we predicted that resilience would explain a unique portion of the variance in length of recovery above and beyond acute post-injury emotional symptoms in adolescents recovering from mTBI compared with orthopedic injured (OI) controls.Participants and Methods:The current study pulled data from a larger project utilizing a prospective cohort design in two cohorts of high school student-athletes aged 14-18 (N = 32). Participants with mTBI (n = 17) or OI (n = 15) sustained during sport were recruited within 10 days of injury from a quaternary care setting. Participants completed a neuropsychological screening evaluation within one week of enrollment, including self-report rating scales of resilience (Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10; CD-RISC) and self- and parent-reported post-concussion symptoms (Post-Concussion Symptom Inventory, Second Edition; PCSI-2). Hierarchical regression analysis was performed with days from injury to recovery as the dependent variable. Predictors were entered in three steps: (1) group (mTBI/OI) and sex, (2) PCSI self- and parent-reported post-injury change in emotional symptoms, and (3) CD-RISC raw score. Bonferroni correction was utilized to control for multiple comparisons.Results:Group and sex did not provide significant prediction when entered into the first block of the model (p= .61). Introducing PCSI emotional ratings in the second block showed statistically significant improvement, F (2,26) = 5.12, p< .01), accounting for 31% of the variance in recovery length. Addition of the CD-RISC in the third block was not statistically significant (p=.59). Post hoc testing indicated parent ratings on the PCSI were significantly associated with recovery length t(32) = 3.16, p < .01, while self-reported ratings were not (p=.54).Conclusions:Findings indicated that psychological resilience did not explain a unique portion of the variance in length of recovery above and beyond acute parent report of postinjury emotional symptoms in adolescents recovering from mTBI compared with orthopedic injured (OI) controls. Interestingly, sex, group (mTBI vs. OI), and self-reported acute postinjury emotional symptoms were not significant predictors of recovery length in this sample. Results highlight the significant role of acute changes in emotional symptoms in adolescents recovering from mTBI and OI in predicting length of recovery, as well as the importance of obtaining separate caregiver report. A more robust understanding of factors contributing to recovery from injury can help inform and improve preventive measures and treatment plants for those at risk or impacted; however, psychological resilience may not uniquely contribute to predicting length of recovery in acutely injured adolescents, limiting value added to the clinical exam. Future studies should explore the relationship between type of injury and recovery time in larger samples.

Global Component of Sentiment in Futures Markets: Evidence from Covid-19 Pandemic

We examine the impact of the global component of sentiment on the price return and volatility of 25 major futures market indices across the globe, during the Covid-19 pandemic. The global component of sentiment causes investor overreactions. These overreactions accelerate the fall in prices and contribute to the rising volatility levels. The futures prices revert, though gradually, to their fundamental values as information from more reliable sources becomes available. This leads to price recovery and lower volatility levels.

Effects of a school-based, post-pandemic recovery intervention on Canadian educators

Although copious research has documented elevated stress and burnout in teachers worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic, few studies have provided empirical evidence of effective interventions to support post-pandemic educator recovery and resilience. Attention to educator well-being is essential not only to healthy schools, but also to preventing teacher shortages. In the current study, Canadian educators (n = 621) who participated in a school-based mental health intervention program offered by a national mental health organization demonstrated significantly higher levels of well-being and recovery post-intervention than pre-intervention. Moreover, when compared with a control group (n = 86), the intervention group demonstrated significantly higher levels of connectedness, recovery, well-being, and resilience, although no differences in organizational commitment were demonstrated. Implications on teacher attrition and shortages are discussed.

ASSESSING THE RECOVERY LEVELS OF DRUG ADDICTS IN REHABILITATION CENTERS USING DRUG ADDICTION RECOVERY INSTRUMENTS

Abstract: Drug addiction recovery is a fundamental factor in helping drug users restart normal life and get back into society. It is also a vital stage of drug treatment, as it can be an indication or evidence of whether the procedures used during treatment are suitable for helping addicts with drug problems. This study focuses on identifying the level of recovery of drug addicts undergoing rehabilitation treatment at CCRC Besut quantitatively based on the built DART instrument. The Drug Addiction Recovery Test (DART) consists of four main components: drug dependency, relapse, drug resiliency, and mental strength. Every component has 20 items, so the total number of items in DART is 80. A total of 123 treated addicts in the Cure and Care Rehabilitation Centre (CCRC) in Besut were chosen as survey respondents. Study data was analysed using descriptive analysis for each component. As for the level of recovery, the study showed that 52% of the respondents were fully discharged from the CCRC, 37% could be released as outpatients, 9% of respondents could not be released and needed to be monitored, and 2% could not be released and needed to be given intensive treatment. The study proves that the instrument can be used to measure the recovery level of addicts treated at the CCRC. Additionally, this instrument would be able to help government institutions, especially the CCRC, treat the drug addiction crisis effectively in the future. 
 Keywords: Addiction Recovery; Drug Dependency; Drug Possible Relapse; Drug Resiliency; Client Mental Strength

Maximizing the Clinical Value of Blood-Based Biomarkers for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) and concussion can have serious consequences that develop over time with unpredictable levels of recovery. Millions of concussions occur yearly, and a substantial number result in lingering symptoms, loss of productivity, and lower quality of life. The diagnosis may not be made for multiple reasons, including due to patient hesitancy to undergo neuroimaging and inability of imaging to detect minimal damage. Biomarkers could fill this gap, but the time needed to send blood to a laboratory for analysis made this impractical until point-of-care measurement became available. A handheld blood test is now on the market for diagnosis of concussion based on the specific blood biomarkers glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ubiquitin carboxyl terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1). This paper discusses rapid blood biomarker assessment for mild TBI and its implications in improving prediction of TBI course, avoiding repeated head trauma, and its potential role in assessing new therapeutic options. Although we focus on the Abbott i-STAT TBI plasma test because it is the first to be FDA-cleared, our discussion applies to any comparable test systems that may become available in the future. The difficulties in changing emergency department protocols to include new technology are addressed.

Analysis Of Financial Performance And Service With Hospital Independence In Rumah Sakit Daerah K.R.M.T Wongsonegoro Kota Semarang

The objective of this study is to examine the financial and service performance of the K.R.M.T Wongsonegoro Regional Hospital in Semarang City, which has been utilizing the Regional Public Service Agency Financial Management Pattern (PKK-BLUD) since 2007. By transitioning into a full (BLUD), the Semarang City RSWN has gained the ability to handle its finances independently, hence enhancing its performance and service quality. The present study incorporates quantitative research employing a time series methodology. The data utilized in this study consists of secondary data obtained from financial records and hospital management reports. The assessment of financial performance is conducted through the utilization of financial measures, encompassing liquidity ratios, solvency ratios, and profitability ratios. In the context of service evaluation, the measurement of service performance encompasses six distinct indicators. These indicators include the Bed Occupancy Rate (BOR), Turn Over Interval (TOI), Bed Turn Over (BTO), Average Length of Stay (ALOS), Gross Date Rate (GDR), and Net Date Rate (NDR). The research hypothesis was examined by the application of Pearson correlation. The findings of the study indicate a significant correlation between financial performance, as assessed by the solvency ratio, and both the cost recovery rate and level of independence. The level of independence exhibits a significant link with service performance, as assessed by BTO.

Positive addiction recovery therapy: a replication and follow-up study

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to see if the affirmative results seen in the pilot study of the positive addiction recovery therapy (PART) programme are replicable and durable given a new cohort of participants. PART is a programme of work designed to improve the recovery and well-being of people in early addiction recovery. Its foundation is in the G-CHIME (growth, connectedness, hope, identity, meaning in life and empowerment) model of addiction recovery. It also uses the values in action character strengths and includes a set of recovery protection techniques.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a mixed method experimental design, incorporating direct replication and a follow-up study. Measures for recovery capital, well-being and level of flourishing are used to collect pre-, post- and one-month follow-up data from participants. The replication data analysis uses the non-parametric Wilcoxon test, and the follow-up analysis uses the Friedman test with pairwise comparison post hoc analysis. The eligibility criteria ensure participants (n = 35) are all in early addiction recovery, classified as having been abstinent for between three and six months.FindingsThis study found a statistically significant improvement in well-being, recovery capital and flourishing on completion of the PART programme. These findings upheld the hypotheses in the pilot study and the successful results reported. It also found these gains to be sustained at a one-month follow-up.Practical implicationsThis study endorses the efficacy of the PART programme and its continued use in a clinical setting. It also adds further credibility to adopting a holistic approach when delivering interventions which consider important components of addiction recovery such as those outlined in the G-CHIME model.Originality/valueThis study adds to the existing evidence base endorsing the PART programme and the applied use of the G-CHIME model.

Rapid photo-bleaching gamma irradiated Yb-doped optical fibers by high-energy ns pulsed laser

A rapid and efficient photo-bleaching process was demonstrated with a high-energy nanosecond pulse to recover existing and/or revealed color centers on 10 kGy Gamma-irradiated Yb-doped optical fiber. Multi-mJ pulsed laser based on an optical parametric amplifier system operating at wavelengths of 532 nm, 680 nm and 793 nm was used. The photo-bleaching performance is investigated as a function of the wavelength and energy of the pulsed light source. It was observed that the photo-bleaching level of the Yb-doped optical fiber increased when the exposure time of the pulsed laser light and the photon energy was increased. The maximum PB occurred in the pulsed laser of 532 nm wavelength in the optical fiber. Also, a drastically increase in the PB was observed due to the increasing laser energy at the wavelength of 532 nm and 680 nm pulsed laser. The results show that the recovery levels of color centers in the Yb-doped optical fibers could be reached up to 96 % in a shorter time (h) by using the pulsed laser compared to that of the studies using continuous laser.

Lymphocyte recovery from radiation-induced lymphopenia in locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: correlations with prognosis and lymphocyte-related organs

BackgroundLimited studies explored the relationship between lymphocyte recovery after definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy (dCCRT) and prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).MethodsESCC patients with obtainable absolute lymphocyte counts (ALCs) at 6 months after dCCRT were screened from prospective trials. Patients were divided into groups according to the grade of ALC nadir during radiotherapy (G4 or G1–3) and lymphocyte recovery status, which was assessed by lymphocyte recovery index (LRI), calculated as the ratio of post- to pre-treatment lymphocyte counts. Cox analysis was conducted to evaluate the prognostic significance of lymphocyte recovery status. Irradiated relative volumes of the bone marrow (BM) and spleen and effective dose to immune cells (EDIC) were collected to identify their impacts on lymphocyte recovery status by logistic analysis.Results232 patients were enrolled. In 69 patients with G4 ALC nadir (group A and B) and 163 patients with G1–3 ALC nadir (group C and D) during dCCRT, 27 (group A) and 67 (group C) patients showed an insufficient level of lymphocyte recovery (LRI < 60%), and 42 (group B) and 96 (group D) patients showed a satisfactory level of lymphocyte recovery (LRI ≥ 60%). Cox multivariable analysis revealed that inadequate lymphocyte recovery was significantly associated with worse overall survival (HR, 2.80 and 1.70) and local recurrence-free survival (HR, 2.82 and 1.60) both in group A vs group B and group C vs group D. Logistic analysis identified BM V5 (OR 4.24 and 2.29) as an independent predictor of inadequate lymphocyte recovery from G4 or G1–3 ALC nadir, respectively.ConclusionsInsufficient lymphocyte recovery might serve as a valuable prognostic factor, regardless of whether patients experienced G4 or G1–3 ALC nadir during radiotherapy. Additionally, it was observed that a larger relative volume of BM receiving ≥ 5 Gy was correlated with a higher risk of insufficient lymphocyte recovery.

Effects of Irrigation Patterns Combining Severe Wilting with Complete or Incomplete Recovery by an Irrigation Control System Based on Photographs of Plants on High-Brix Tomatoes

We investigated the effects of irrigation patterns combining severe wilting with complete (S_R) or incomplete recovery (S_IR) on the growth, photosynthesis, fruit quality, and yield using a photograph-based irrigation control system. The study was performed in winter with a single sufficient irrigation treatment as Control, S_R, and S_IR. The daily mean maximum of the wilting ratios (W) in the S_R and S_IR groups was 15.1% and 15.3%, respectively, when W was set at 14%. S_R had the lowest total irrigation frequency of the three treatments. The accumulated cumulative wilting ratio in S_IR was 1.6 times that in S_R. Under water stress, the net photosynthetic rate decreased (S_IR &lt; S_R), rapidly recovering to 73% and 80% of the maximum values following irrigation, respectively. The total amount of irrigation, the plant growth, and the yield were the highest in the Control and those of S_R and S_IR were comparable. S_IR produced the highest-quality fruit. The recovery level affected the fruit quality when the threshold values were similar; therefore, S_IR is appropriate to produce high-Brix tomatoes in winter. Conclusively, the image-based irrigation system could precisely and reproducibly control the irrigation (the most important parameter affecting the growth, yield, and fruit quality of tomatoes) to improve the fruit quality.

Endotoxin removal therapy with Polymyxin B immobilized fiber column: a single center experience from EUPHAS2 registry

Although the precise clinical indication for initiation of PMX-HA is widely debated in the literature, a proper patient selection and timing of treatment delivery might play a critical role in the clinical course of a specific subphenotype of septic shock (endotoxic shock). In light of this view, since 2019, we have introduced in our clinical practice a diagnostic-therapeutic flowchart to select patients that can benefit the most from the treatment proposed. In addition, we reported in this study our experience of PMX-HA in a cohort of critically ill patients admitted to our intensive care unit (ICU). We analyzed a single centre, retrospective, observational web-based database (extracted from the EUPHAS2 registry) of critically ill patients admitted to the ICU between January 2016 and May 2021 who were affected by endotoxic shock. Patients were divided according to the diagnostic-therapeutic flowchart in two groups: Pre-Flowchart (Pre-F) and Post-Flowchart (Post-F). From January 2016 to May 2021, 61 patients were treated with PMX-HA out of 531 patients diagnosed with septic shock and of these, fifty patients (82%) developed AKI during their ICU stay. The most common source of infection was secondary peritonitis (36%), followed by community-acquired pneumonia (29%). Fifty-five (90%) out of 61 patients received a second PMX-HA treatment, with a statistically significant difference between the two groups (78% of the Pre-F vs. 100% of the Post-F group, p = 0.005). In both groups, between T0 and T120, the Endotoxin Activity Assay (EAA) decreased, while the SOFA score, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and Vasoactive Inotropic Score (VIS) improved with no statistically significant difference. Furthermore, when performing a propensity score matching analysis to compare mortality between the two groups, statistically significant lower ICU and 90-day mortalities were observed in the Post-F group [p = 0.016]. Although in this experienced centre data registry, PMX-HA was associated with organ function recovery, hemodynamic improvement, and current EAA level reduction in critically ill patients with endotoxic shock. Following propensity score-matched analysis, ICU mortality and 90-day mortalities were lower in the diagnostic-therapeutic flowchart group when considering two temporal groups based on strict patient selection criteria and timing to achieve PMX. Further Randomised Control Trials focused on centre selection, adequate training and a flowchart of action when assessing extracorporeal blood purification use should be performed.

Fabrication of neem tree seed shell biochar polyamide composite for determination of pesticides in environmental water samples by GC-ECD: A comparison of various hard shell nuts’ biochar in thin-film microextraction setup

Pesticide detection in water is highly noted due to its effect on the whole ecosystem, which needs a preconcentration step, especially in trace levels. In this research, nut shells including almond, pistachio, walnut, hazelnut, and neem tree seed (with and without chemical modification) were pyrolyzed to prepare biochars as potential sorbents for pesticide detection in water. The extraction ability of prepared biochars was compared using a thin-film microextraction (TFME) setup with polyamide (PA) as the substrate. The role of biomass origin on the extraction efficiency was studied through the characterization process. During optimization, both weight percent of biochars in composite and effective parameters on the TFME setup were studied to achieve the outmost efficiency in extraction of eleven target pesticides. The proposed thin films had a precision range of 6–24% with an enrichment factor (EF) of 7–89. In method validation, a limit of detection (LOD) and a limit of quantitation (LOQ) range of (0.003–0.5) and (0.01–1.6) µg L−1 was attained, respectively. Having a recovery level of 81–121%, the evaluated method was used for the extraction of 33 water samples. The results showed that four groundwater samples are contaminated and the concentration level of 4,4 ´ -DDE and p,p ´ -DDD exceeded the limited dose in water.

Correlation Between Pre-Chemotherapy AMH Level, Menstrual Status, and Prediction of Ovarian Function Recovery after FAC Chemotherapy AMH in Breast Cancer Patients

Around 52.6% of women aged &lt;50 years in Indonesia are diagnosed with breast cancer. One of the chemotherapy regimens with a toxicity effect on reproductive function, especially ovarian follicles, is 5-fluorouracil-doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide (FAC). Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) is a biomarker that can be used to assess the ovarian function. This study aimed to determine the correlation between pre-chemotherapy AMH serum level, menstrual status, and whether the AMH serum level can predict ovarian function recovery in pre-menopausal women receiving FAC chemotherapy. This was an analytical observational study with a prospective cohort design performed in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia, during 2021-2022. Data were analyzed using correlation analysis. Subjects were breast cancer patients aged ≤45 years, still of reproductive age, with no prior history of chemotherapy, and were undergoing the FAC chemotherapy. All 32 patients who met the inclusion criteria were included in this study. There was a significant difference (p 0.0001) between pre- and post-6 cycles of chemotherapy AMH levels. Post-6 cycles of chemotherapy showed lower AMH levels. There was a high correlation (p 0.0034) between pre-chemotherapy AMH level and menstrual status six months after six cycles of chemotherapy. The correlation test between post-chemotherapy AMH level and menstrual status showed a non-significant result. Thus, there is a high statistical correlation between pre-chemotherapy anti-Mullerian hormone levels in pre-menopausal women with breast cancer and the menstrual status after FAC chemotherapy which demonstrates that the AMH level could also be used to predict ovarian function recovery.

Development of new analytical methods for the quantification of organic acids, chlorogenic acids and caffeine in espresso coffee by using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD)

Acidity is an important parameter in coffee, contributing to aroma and flavor, imparting fruity notes, and improving the gloss of the coffee, making the beverage more interesting. In this study, two analytical methods were proposed to quantify the content of nine organic acids, caffeine, phenolic acids, and four chlorogenic acids in espresso coffee using an HPLC-DAD instrument. In addition, a new solid-phase extraction (SPE) sample clean-up procedure for organic acids has been optimized. The newly developed analytical methods were characterized by satisfactory recovery levels of sample clean-up procedure (41.798.6%) and good resolution of all peaks in both chromatography separations. In addition, the investigated validation parameters implied good repeatability, sensitivity and linearity. These methods were applied to espresso samples with three different roasting degrees (light, medium, and dark) of the same coffee variety (100% Arabica) to study the effects of the roasting process on the content of caffeine, organic and chlorogenic acids. The caffeine content was relatively stable to heat. The concentration of chlorogenic acids decreased due to roasting while the total organic acid content increased, with the formation of acetic and lactic acids in medium and dark roasting. Therefore, these new approaches can be considered as reference methods for the determination of carboxylic acids in coffee.

Orally administered boldine reduces muscle atrophy and promotes neuromuscular recovery in a rodent model of delayed nerve repair.

Peripheral nerve injury often results in poor functional recovery due to a prolonged period of muscle denervation. In particular, absent axonal contact, denervated muscle can undergo irrevocable atrophy and diminished receptiveness for reinnervation over time, ultimately reducing the likelihood for meaningful neuromuscular recovery. While innovative surgical approaches can minimize the harmful effects of denervation by re-routing neighboring-otherwise uninjured-axons, there are no clinically-available approaches to preserve the reinnervation capacity of denervated muscles. Blocking intramuscular connexin hemichannel formation has been reported to improve muscle innervation in vitro and prevent atrophy in vivo. Therefore, the current study investigated the effects of orally administered boldine, a connexin hemichannel inhibitor, on denervated-related muscle changes and nerve regeneration in a rat model of delayed peripheral nerve repair. We found that daily boldine administration significantly enhanced an evoked response in the tibialis anterior muscle at 2 weeks after common peroneal nerve transection, and decreased intramuscular connexin 43 and 45 expression, intraneural Schwann cell expression of connexin 43, and muscle fiber atrophy up to 4 weeks post transection. Additional animals underwent a cross nerve repair procedure (tibial to common peroneal neurorrhaphy) at 4 weeks following the initial transection injury. Here, we found elevated nerve electrophysiological activity and greater muscle fiber maturation at 6 weeks post repair in boldine treated animals. These findings suggest that boldine may be a promising pharmacological approach to minimize the deleterious effects of prolonged denervation and, with further optimization, may improve levels of functional recovery following nerve repair.

Effects of extracorporeal circulation with different time on platelet count after cardiac surgery: a retrospective study based on medical records

Our objective was to observe the effects of extracorporeal circulation (ECC) with different time on platelet count in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. A total of 427 patients who underwent elective cardiac surgery under ECC in affiliated hospital of north Sichuan medical college from January 1, 2018 to July 31, 2021 were divided into three groups according to ECC time. We concluded that thrombocytopenia was common after ECC, maximum drop of the platelet counts after ECC was usually seen on the second day after ECC, and platelet counts started to recover on the fifth day after ECC. With the extension of ECC time, the drop in platelet counts is more pronounced, the volume of perioperative blood loss and blood products transfusion are more, and the recovery level and speed of platelet counts is lower.

Direct determination of glyphosate and its metabolite in the plant raw material and environmental objects by chromatography-mass spectrometry

Glyphosate is a popular herbicide often used for desiccation of crops. The use of glyphosate-based chemicals leads to the contamination of agricultural products, soils, surface and groundwater. For safety control of raw materials of the plant origin and environmental objects, a technique based on the tandem chromato-mass-spectrometry was developed to provide for the quantitative determination of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) without prior derivatization. The technique is characterized by a relatively simple and cost-effective sample preparation procedure. The compounds are extracted from plant raw materials with an acetic acid solution of methanol in water, in the presence of 2-aqueous disodium salt of ethylenediamine-N,N,N’,N’-tetraacetic acid (EDTA-Na2) and dichloromethane. Extraction of analytes from water samples is carried out in the presence of EDTA-Na2 and acetic acid; whereas their extraction from soil samples is carried out with a weak solution of ammonia. The extracts are purified by solid phase extraction (SPE), and proteins are precipitated with acetonitrile. Linear-dynamic ranges of glyphosate and AMPA determination are characterized by calibration curves with correlation coefficients (R) ≥0.99. The working range of glyphosate and AMPA determination in raw materials of plant origin was from 0.1 to 5.0 mg/kg; in surface and ground water from 0.001 to 0.05 mg/liter (glyphosate) and from 0.002 to 0.05 mg/liter (AMPA); in soils from 0.02 to 0.8 mg/kg (glyphosate) and from 0.04 to 0.8 mg/kg (AMPA). The values of the relative standard deviation range from 1.8 to 19.5%, with recovery levels ranging from 80.5 to 108.1%. The achieved values of the determination limits are consistent with the maximum permissible levels indicated in TR CU 015/2011 and SanPiN 1.2.3685–21.