Level Of Legibility Research Articles

THE TRANSLATION OF SALADIN AL AYYUBI: A STUDY OF METHODS, CLARITY, AND AUDIENCE RESPONSE

The purpose of this research is to reveal the clarity of the translation in the movie Saladin Al-Ayyubi. This research uses a qualitative approach with document analysis method. The data used in this study came from the dialog sentences of the two characters' speech in the subtitle of Saladin Al-Ayyubi episode 4 on the Arabic Cartoon YouTube channel and the results of a survey conducted on respondents totaling 21 participants. To collect data, the researcher watched and observed the movie Saladin Al-Ayyubi repeatedly to transcribe the movie. After that, the researcher distributed questionnaires to classify and analyze the types of methods, clarity, and audience responses to the Arabic - Indonesian translation in the Salahuddin Al-Ayyubi film. The findings of this study are the types of methods used in the Arabic - Indonesian translation of Saladin Al-Ayyubi movie and the level of clarity of the methods used according to the audience. The researcher found five out of eight Newmark methods used in the translation, namely (1) word-by-word method; (2) semantic method; (3 free method; (4) literal method; and (5) communicative method. The level of intelligibility in the Arabic - Indonesian subtitles of Saladin Al-Ayyubi movie shows that 19% of the text is at a low level of legibility, 59% of the text is at a medium level of legibility, and 22% of the text is at a high level of legibility.

TINGKAT KETERBACAAN BUKU TEKS BAHASA INDONESIA KURIKULUM MERDEKA UNTUK KELAS X SMA/SMK

The ever-changing curriculum means that teaching materials, mainly textbooks, also continue to change. This change is not offset by the quality of textbooks discourse, which still not be appropriate to the students' readability level. This is shown in various studies that have been carried out, including by Yazidi et al. (2017), Saroni et al. (2017), Ginanjar (2020), and Susanti (2021), which resulted in the finding that the readability level of textbooks still does not match the students' readability level. This study aims to describe the readability of the Merdeka Curriculum Indonesian Language Textbook for Class X SMA/SMK entitled Intelligent Smart in Indonesian Language and Literature for Class X SMA/SMK. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method-readability measurement formula using Fry Graph. The number of inner texts calculated using the Fry Graph is 23 texts. Based on the study result, 3 texts matched the legibility level of class X students, and 20 texts id not match the readability level of class X students. Twenty texts that did not match the readability level of class X students consisted of 1 text with a readability level that was too high/difficult, 17 texts with a readability level that was too low/easy, and 2 texts that did not match any readability level/invalid. Calculation of the readability level using the Fry Graph in the Indonesian Merdeka Curriculum Textbook for Class X SMA/SMK shows that the readability level of the Indonesian Merdeka Curriculum Textbook for Class X SMA/SMK entitled Smart Smart in Indonesian Language and Literature for Class X SMA/SMK is still not following the readability level of class X students.

Development of STEAM-Based Mathematics Teaching Materials on Direct and Inverse Proportion to Improve Mathematical Problem-Solving Ability and Self Regulated Learning

This research was research and development whose product was in the form of teaching materials based on STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, and Mathematics). This research and development aims to analyze the feasibility and readability, as well as test the effectiveness of teaching materials in improving problem-solving abilities and Self Regulated Learning (SRL). The development stages include potentials and problems; data collection; product design; design validation and revision; product trials (readability tests) and revisions; trial implementation and revision; and then the final product. Furthermore, this study used a one-group pretest and posttest design, carried out at MTs Al-Utsmani with 37 class VIID students in the 2022/2023 academic year as respondents. The results of this study indicate that the developed STEAM-based teaching materials have a feasibility level of 92.82% with very feasible criteria; legibility level of 63.22% with easy-to-understand criteria; as well as effectively improve problem-solving abilities and SRL. This effectiveness is indicated by the average mathematical problem-solving abilities of students after using teaching materials is more than or equal to the Minimum Completeness Criteria, the mathematical problem-solving ability of students who achieve Minimum Completeness Criteria after using complete teaching materials in a classical manner with a proportion of at least 75%, Improvement of students' mathematical problem-solving abilities after using teaching materials is in the moderate minimal category, average SRL after using teaching materials are in the minimal moderate SRL categories, SRL that is in the minimal moderate SRL category while after using teaching materials complete in a classical manner with a proportion of at least 75%, improvement of SRL after using teaching materials is in the moderate minimal category.

REDESIGN LOGO OF INTERIOR DESIGN COMPANY AS AN EFFORT TO IMPROVE COMPANY’S IMAGE

Levendig is a company engaged in Interior Design, Architectural Design, and Contracting. The lack of a strong visual identity makes Levendig less prominent in the eyes of the public. The existing visual identity is not able to represent Levendig's image as a company engaged in interior design. Therefore, the purpose of this logo redesign is to enhance the image that Levendig wants to highlight, namely as a professional, modern, and flexible interior design service that can reach all ages. This design uses the robin landa method, which consists of 5 stages of design to ensure orientation, analysis, concept, design, and implementation. The result of the design is a logo with a basic geometric shape approach that uses a connected line to show that Levendig produces a house design that is durable (beyond time and generation). Every corner is rounded to give the impression of humanity. The typography used is in the form of hand writing to represent such a long life, meaning that Levendig is always there and can be in various styles. So that with the presence of a new visual identity, Levendig's brand image can stick and stand out in the eyes of the public. In the process of redesigning the logo, it is necessary to pay attention to several things, such as colors and visuals that need to be adjusted to the company's vision and mission, typography that can reflect a company but must also pay attention to the level of legibility, and finally the shape. The logo is simple and unique to make it easy to remember, easy to apply to various media, easy to associate, but not too abstract and can tell the story of a brand.

IMAGEABILITY AND LEGIBILITY: COGNITIVE ANALYSIS AND VISIBILITY ASSESSMENT IN GALLE HERITAGE CITY

The concepts of imageability and legibility are important aspects of urban design. Many scholars use the terms “imageability” and “legibility” interchangeably, usually examining one concept and applying the implications to the other. This research explores the relationship between these two concepts by answering the research questions: 1. how do people perceive the saliency of landmarks (imageability) and 2. how does the spatial configuration facilitate the visibility level of landmarks (legibility)? The Galle Heritage City in Sri Lanka is considered as the case study. The first part of the empirical study is to assess the level of imageability of urban space users by completing 100 cognitive maps and producing a composite cognitive map that indicates the structural landmarks’ salience or the level of imageability. The second part is the level of legibility of the landmarks by employing the visibility assessment process and the third part compares the two results with a concurrence matrix. The findings highlight that there is a positive relationship between people’s perception (imageability) and level of visibility (legibility). Further, imageability mostly depends on semantic properties than legibility, but legibility predominantly depends on structural properties and visual properties are almost equally important to both concepts.

Contrast demand on the blackboard in typical secondary school classrooms of China: Effects of daylight reflections on text legibility

A survey of visual problems in typical secondary school classrooms of China showed that poor legibility on the blackboard caused by reflections is the most reported issue that disturbs visual tasks in class. Studying the correlations between variables and the legibility of chalk writings on the blackboard, accessing the borderline threshold of contrast and revealing the effects of other variables are the priority assignments to address the problem. Based on the findings from the questionnaire survey and on-site contrast measurement, an experiment of legibility assessment was settled in a mockup classroom scenario, in where the subjective rating study about disturbance level of reflections and clarity level of texts on blackboard was carried out. 210 trials were conducted during the 10-month test, more than 3,300 sets of data were collected totally. Category rating results show that 63% of all ratings could sort as disturbed. Four variables including luminance contrast between white and black portions of the board, vertical eye illuminance (EV), etc. are analyzed against the ratings of clarity level. It can be concluded from this study that: 1- Disturbance level of daylight reflections has a linear correlation with the legibility level of the texts on the blackboard. 2- The seat far from glazing and in the front row is the most disturbing position in a typical secondary classroom. 3- The dominant factor of legibility is luminance contrast, and the borderline threshold of good legibility is 1.30. 4- No evidence shows EV has a strong correlation with legibility level of then contents on a blackboard.

PENGARUH TINGKAT KETERBACAAN MATERI PELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS XI IPS MAN MALAKAJI GOWA

Thesis Department of Indonesian Language and Literature Education, Faculty of Sastra, Indonesian Muslim University. Supervised by Dr. Hj. Nurmiah Muin, SE., M.Pd, as supervisor I and Andi Puspitasari, S.Pd., M.Pd, as supervisor II. This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of the readability level of Indonesian subject matter on student learning outcomes in class XI IPS 3 MAN Malakaji Gowa. This study uses ex post facto with a comparative causal research type. The population used in this study consisted of students of class XI IPS 3 MAN Malakaji Gowa while the sample was 28 students of class XI IPS 3 MAN Malakaji Gowa. Data collection techniques are observation sheets, tests, interviews, and documents. The research instrument uses documentation and interviews. The data analysis technique used the linca regression analysis technique. The results of the study can be concluded that the learning outcomes of the 28 students who were obtained during the learning process were 6 students whose grades did not reach the KKM score, while those who obtained moderate scores were 4 students and while those who received high scores were 14 students. So it can be concluded that the level of legibility of the subject matter has an effect on student learning outcomes. Based on the results of the t-test, the sig value is 0.0035 > 0.05 while the t-value is -0.982 <2.055 the t-table value, meaning that X has no effect on Y, it can be concluded that the hypothesis is rejected or the level of readability of Indonesian subject matter has no effect on the results student learning.

The level of readability of the functional Arabic book for non-native speakers At Al al-Bayt University: مستوى مقروئية كتاب العربيّة الوظيفية لغير الناطقين بها في جامعة آل البيت

This study aimed to measure the level of readability of functional Arabic textbook for non-native speakers of Al-Bayt University. And to identify the order of the text of the book according to the degree of readability. The study relied on the completion test in order to achieve its goal. The test was applied to three texts from the book. The test was distributed on an intentional sample made up of (33) learners from advanced level learners in the Language Center, Department of Arabic Language for Non-Native Speakers. The results of the study revealed that the learners ’responses to the complementarity test were at the frustrating level of the three texts, where the number of students at this level reached (13) with a percentage (39.4%). The results of the study also showed that the reading texts were not graded according to the level of legibility.

The Validity and Legibility of Digital Literacy-Based Reproductive System Flipbook to Improve The Critical Thinking Skills of Grade 11Th High School Students

21st century education has an important role to equip students with how to process and use information critically. This can be realized by developing digital literacy-based learning media, one of them is flipbook. The development of the flipbook in this study was applied to reproductive system material because the basic competence of the material requires analysis of information from various sources. The aim of this study was to produce a valid flipbook of reproductive system which had an appropriate level of legibility. The study used Hannafin and Peck development model which consisted of the needs analysis, design, and development phases. The measured parameters included the validation and legibility level of the flipbook. Validation was done by education expert lecturer, reproductive system expert lecturer, and Biology teacher based on the appropriateness of content, presentation, language, and critical thinking components. while the level of legibility of the flipbook was measured using the Fry formulation by analyzed 100 words in each section. The results of the validation showed very valid categories in each component with the average percentage of the presentation was 87.5%, content eligibility 96.3%, linguistic 91.7% , and critical thinking 98.3%. The validation components got 93.5% average percentage with a very valid category. The level of legibility of the flipbook showed level 11 with the appropriate category for high school students. Based on the results of the study, the developed flipbook was declared to be very valid and had an appropriate level of legibility for high school students.
 Keywords: digital literacy-based, reproductive system, flipbook, critical thinking skills

The Effects of Parks' Landscape Characteristics on Women's Perceptual Preferences in Semi-arid environments

This research addressed the relationship between LSQI (Landscape Spatial Quality Indicators) and women's preferences towards LC (Landscape Components). This study also evaluated women's’ preferences for LSQI, and also the relationship between LSQI and women's perceived restoration. A photo-questionnaire was completed by 178 females in Shams Tabrizi Park in Tabriz, Iran. The results showed that some indicators exercise stronger effects in terms of inducing a sense of restoration (e.g. legibility, r = 0.682). Also, there is a significant relation between restoration and attractiveness (r = 0.680). The respondents exhibited the highest preferences for scenes of refuge (M = 4.08), but the preference was affected by complexity (r = 0.871). With regard to the implication, shrubs are recommended to create a mysterious landscape (r = 0.867), trees for legible (r = 0.759) and coherent (r = 0.857) landscapes, and finally, flowers are more appropriate choices in establishing complex landscapes (r = 0.817) taking women's preferences into account. Further on-site studies are needed to prove the significant impact of landscape components on preference for spatial indicators in a large-scale landscape. The results confirmed that the most attractive scenes convey the highest senses of restoration. Legibility level, the indicator having strong correlations with restoration, should be considered in landscape design practices.

Legibility Level of STEM Mobile Learning Package on Ecosystem

STEM in education has been discussed as an approach that enhances students to demonstrate their holistic knowledge in some projects given. Teacher could support STEM in learning process by providing students proper learning material such as learning environment, learning resources, and medias. This research aimed to test legibility level of texts uploaded on STEM Mobile Learning Package (STEM MLP) on ecosystem as one of students’ learning resources. Legibility level data was obtained from questionnaire from small scale test on 47 students. Data were analyzed descriptively by both qualitative and quantitative methods. The finding showed that legibilty level from students’ questionnaire ranged from 78,7 percent to 97 percent. In addition,FryGraphanalysisshowedthattextsinSTEMMLPwereinarea13

The Development of STEM Mobile Learning Package Ekosistem

This study aims to: develop and test the validity, legibility and effectiveness of STEM Mobile Learning Package ecosystems on students’ science and technology literacy using R & D research design. STEM Mobile Learning Package was validated by media experts and material experts. The level of legibility is measured by questionnaire through the results of a small-scale trial of a Biology student class. The effectiveness of the application was measured in wide-scale test for biology and natural science students. Data were analyzed using descriptive quantitative.The results showed the the validity on learning package from experts showed valid in 83,6%. Some revisions are needed especially on video aspect which will be better filled with not only text but also voice. Base on data collected from 47 students who have completely filled 12 statements in questionnaire, about 78,7% students stated they could understand the questions very well. Most of students (97,8%) agreed that the use of STEM enhanced their science literacy. Percentage of students that agreed on 12 statements ranged from 74,5% to 100%. Thus those result indicated a high level of legibility Although learning packages can be studied independently, certain topics still requiredto be directly discussed. This learning package is effective on student scientific literacy ranging from 64.6 to 98.6. While the highest achievement of student technology literacy is 92 with an average of 70.32. This study concludes that STEM Mobile Learning Package Ecosystem has good validity and legibility, as well as effective on students’ science and technology literacy.

Legibility in Print Text for People with Impaired Vision.

Research on the level of legibility and readability of text are mainly based on subjects with normal eyesight. In Norway, about 180.000 of the population is diagnosed with a visual impairment. In our study, over 800 visually impaired subjects participated in an experiment, which is so far the largest study of legibility and readability ever conducted for this this group of observers. The observers were recruited through the Norwegian association for blind and visually impaired (Norges Blindeforbund) and the number of subjects reveals that the experiment included 4.6% of the population with visual impairments. In the experiment, the characteristics to be studied included different typefaces, serifs and sans serifs, font sizes, weighting and contrast. We can conclude that the uncontrolled home based experiment was successful regarding the volume of respondents, which resulted in significant findings. This paper gives an overview of the design choices according to experiment method and selection of legibility variables.

Penggunaan Formula Grafik Fry untuk Menganalisis Keterbacaan Wacana Mahasiswa PGSD

Elementary school teacher candidates should be able to develop good teaching materials based on student’s age they teach. In fact, it is frequently found that elementary school teacher candidates write their papers only by copying from books or the internet. It is rarely found that they are able to develop and synthesize the materials they cited with their own vocabulary in their paper. The purpose of this study is to describe the benefits of using the Fry graph formula in analyzing the legibility of materials of PGSD students works which is made for elementary school teaching materials. This study used the descriptive qualitative method. The results of the data analysis revealed student discourse that is not appropriate because of the lower level of legibility is 4 discourses (13.33%), which appropriate to its legibility is 8 discourses (26.67%), and those that are not appropriate because the higher level of legibility is 18 discourses (60%).

Usporedba dviju skala dječje depresivnosti s obzirom na neke psihometrijske karakteristike

The article compares two scales of children's depression with respect to certain psychometric characteristics. The investigation was conducted on a sample of 187 pupils from the fifth to the eight grades in the "Kruno Krstić" elementary school in Zadar. The following scales were compared: the CDI scale worked out by M. Kovacs and the, for children modified, version of the D-92 scale for grownups by M. Krzimanić and V. Kotesarić. The modification of the D-92 scale for children was carried out in accordance with the results of past research which shows that the primary symptomatology of depression does not significantly differ as far as age is concerned. Thusly the said modification was restricted only to discovering that level of legibility which accords with the examined sample. The analysis of obtained results established that the D-92 scale has a greater reliability of the inner consistency (a=0,809) type than the CDI scale (a=0,743). Factor analysis established that the scales also differ in respect to factor structure (the D-92 scale has two factors which have a high correlation while the CDI scale has 4 factors who have a lower correlation). Difference in sensitivity could not be established. The results obtained lead to the conclusion that the 9-92 scale measures a relatively homogeneous aspect of depression while the CDI scale measures more independent, that is more heterogeneous constructs which some authors identify with the general patterns of pscychopatalogical functioning.

Guidelines for designing text in printed media for people with low vision

Most of the information published through graphic media is designed for people with normal eyesight. There are 285 million people with visual impairment. This number indicates a need for adaptation of the printed media targeted towards this population. World Institute for visually impaired people recommended guidelines for the design of graphic media customized for people with partial blindness. Most of the previous research related to this topic is mostly based on guidelines and characteristics of English and French language in order to enhance legibility of the text for people with low vision. This paper is trying to access the level of legibility of the text for Croatian readers with low vision by analysing parameters such as typeface and letter size, the size of punctuation marks, highlighting style, letter colour and background colour in order to suggest practical guidelines for text design within graphic medias intended for this group of readers. Seven participants from The Zagreb Association for the blind were involved in this study with remaining vision of 2-5% along with additional eye defects. According to the collected results it is shown that the relation between letter colour and background colour, or better yet contrast has the strongest influence on legibility for people with low vision. Letter size has a weaker impact and the least impact has the type of the font. The best way of highlighting text is using bold style. The magnification of punctuation marks does not improve legibility. Guidelines for designing printed media on Croatian language for people with low vision can be useful in order to enhance their ability to get information in a same way as other members of society.

ANALISIS KETERBACAAN BUKU AJAR BAHASA JAWA KELAS IV SEKOLAH DASAR SE-KARESIDENAN MADIUN

ABSTRACTOne of the problems that arise in learning the Java language is when a student must be able to understand the textbook content used by teachers in the classroom. Many words or sentences in the Java language textbook that is difficult for students to understand because it feels foreign so that students do not understand what the meaning of the word or sentence. Based on the results of preliminary observations, students of the sixth grade of elementary school are not able to master the content of the material in textbooks that should be used for fourth grade students of elementary school. Therefore, this study aims to find out how much textbooks and textbooks that have been used in SD in Madiun Residency with each class level. Data analysis method used is with Fry Graph and Klos technique. The result of the research shows that the area that has been using textbook that is in accordance with the level of legibility is the area of Madiun, Magetan and Ngawi, while the other three regions of Pacitan, Ponorogo, and Madiun Kota are not suitable because they are too high, And 8, that means the textbook is appropriate for the junior level.Key words: Analysis of textbooks legibility, Javanese language

PENGEMBANGAN LEMBAR KERJA SISWA (LKS) DENGAN MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) DIPADU THINK PAIR SHARE (TPS)

This study aims to produce LKS based on problem based learning coupled think pair share and can be applied in teaching and learning process, describe the implementation of learning, the level of legibility of students after using LKS based prbolem based learning combined think pair share. This research is a development research using 4-D development model that is Define (Define), Design (Design), Develop (Development), while Disseminate stage (Dissemination) is not done due to time constraint. The pilot phase was conducted at SMA Negeri 1 Kambera in class XI-IPA which amounted to 8 students. The results showed that in accordance with the study of LKS, the worksheet of students based on problem based learning combined think pair share process that has been developed declared eligible for trial. Implementation of learning using LKS has reached / obtained the average implementation of% The level of legality of LKS based on problem based learning combined think pair share of students obtain the overall average of 3.87% stated in the category Very Worthy, it shows that most Students argue the material and media used are easy to understand and the appearance of student worksheets (LKS) interesting.

PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR KAJIAN APRESIASI PROSA FIKSI BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL TERINTEGRASI MOBILE LEARNING

The purpose of this research is to create study materials of fictional prose based on local wisdom of Makassar integrated mobile learning that is feasible or valid, readability, practical and effective for the students of Indonesian Language and Literature Education Study Program at Muhammadiyah University of Makassar.This research type is research and development or Research and Development (R & D) by using model of ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, Evaluation). Data collection techniques include test techniques, questionnaires, observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques used descriptive qualitative analysis techniques and descriptive statistics. In this research, it is found that the appropriate or valid teaching material is evaluated from the teaching material element (4.32) or with the category very feasible, the presentation element (4.07) or with the decent category, the element of kegrafikan (4,33) or with the category very feasible, linguistic element (4.19) or by a viable category, and the last element of media or technology (4.19) with a decent category. The average of one-to-one subject assessment subjects totaling six students is (3.75) or with the appropriate category, the average of the feasibility of the main field trial subjects (4.38) with very feasible category, and the average assessment of the feasibility of the field trial operational is 4.38 with very decent category. Teaching materials have a good level of legibility with a mean percentage of (81.45%) greater than the independence independence standard (60%). The result of the assessment of teaching materials implementation proves that the average of evaluation of 1st class implementation learning program is (4.25) or with very decent category, implementation class 2 is (4.40) or with very decent category, and implementation class 3 is 4.60 ) or in a very decent category. Furthermore, the use of teaching materials in learning shows excellent results. The teaching materials are implemented maximally where the average implementation class 1 is (4.20) or in very practical category, the implementation class 2 is (4.60) or in the very practical category, and the implementation class 3 is (4.50) or with category very practical.Teaching materials are worth using because they are effective towards improving student learning outcomes. The test results prove that there is an increase in students' learning mastery. The result of the initial skill test is only (22%) of the students who is declared thoroughly while the final skill test result is (76%).

MODEL LKS FISIKA MATERI KALOR DAN PERUBAHAN WUJUD BERPENDEKATAN SAINTIFIK UNTUK MENGEMBANGKAN KARAKTER SISWA SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS

Permendikbud number 65 of 2013 stipulates that the process of learning in the curriculum implemented in 2013 through a scientific approach. The Government has launched a character education in every level of education that is integrated into subjects. Worksheets on curriculum integrates character education in 2013 have not been in it, so there needs to be an example of character worksheets that implements scientific approach to curriculum 2013 The purpose of this study is to obtain worksheets, determine eligibility and level of legibility, knowing the increase in cognitive learning outcomes, and to know the character development of students. The method in this study is an R & D (Research and Development). The study procedures include: (1) introduction, (2) design, (3) the development or testing of the product. The test results showed that the feasibility of LKS is very suitable to be used as a means of learning physics and easy to understand because the value of high legibility. Improved cognitive learning outcomes of students who have learning using worksheets higher than students who received learning without LKS. LKS can also develop the character of students in particular disciplines, honest, curious, and communicative.