Insulation Level Research Articles

The impact of the cracks in the window

When we talk about the acoustic insulation performance of a building facade, we know that its weakest link is the frame that makes it up. We soon know that great performance on the part of this component is necessary so that the facade assembly can obtain high levels of insulation. Although there are several lines and models of frames, each with two unique characteristics and varied acoustic performance, they have a similarity in their result curve. where at high frequencies it becomes a decisive point for your result. In this work, we will analyze the vulnerable points of a typology of mitering, focusing on its cracks and the impact that each one has on its result; as well as measures that can be taken so that the frame can acquire great acoustic performance, without changing the profile lines or glass thickness.

Heating Energy Performance of Heated Glass According to Insulation Level of the Residential Building

Heating Energy Performance of Heated Glass According to Insulation Level of the Residential Building

Comfort temperature prediction according to an adaptive approach for educational buildings in tropical climate using artificial neural networks

Following the adaptive thermal comfort approach, we show a thermal comfort modeling by artificial neural networks to predict the preferred comfort temperature Tcomf for educational buildings occupants in a tropical climate. The field data collected in 27 educational buildings, climatized with air conditioning systems AC, and natural ventilation NV, in Tuxtla Gutiérrez-México, allow developing the Tcomf modeling by artificial neural network-based models ANN-BM. The predictor variables were the outdoor running mean temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, weight, clothing insulation, and activity level. For AC, the R2 and the mean absolute error were 0.985 and 0.319°C; for NV, 0.981 and 0.286°C. Concerning local models and current standard models, the accuracy improvement to determine Tcomf was significant, following R2; for AC mode, the ANN-BM was 50 times better; for NV was 41.5 times better. The mean Tcomf by ANN-BM was 2.4°C above obtained with the CIBSE guide and 1.3°C concerning a Local model. For NV, the mean Tcomf was 0.5°C above following CEN standard EN15251, 2.0°C above ASHRAE standard 55, and 1.1°C above the Local model. Thus, allowing the air conditioning to run at a higher Tcomf than calculated with current standard models, making it possible to reduce thermal cooling loads while thermal satisfaction also increases.

AC flashover dynamic model suggestion and insulation level selection under fan-shaped pollution

The geometry of fan-shaped pollution on the surface of an insulator accounts for two different values of Salt Deposit Density (SDD), conductivity, and resistance on the leeward and windward sides of the insulator. This paper proposes a novel dynamic theory model of AC flashover based on equivalent resistance in the presence of a fan-shaped pollution layer. The proposed model can calculate flashover parameters for different values of the fan-shaped pollution density degree (T) and extension degree (J) considering instantaneous variables in arc progression. In this model, the arc current is formulated using the arc equivalent circuit for a constant arc voltage in terms of arc length propagation. Also, the Form Factor (F) is defined as a function of the arc length by sampling from the desired insulator and curve fitting. To validate the analytical model, some experiments are performed on an insulator unit of suspension porcelain by applying artificial pollution at three levels: light, medium, and heavy. Test results show that the critical flashover voltage (CFO) is reduced by 19% by varying J from 1 (uniform pollution) to 1/15. Moreover, by varying T from 10% to 30%, the CFO decreases by 9%. As the non-uniformity degree increases, the correction factor varies in the range of 0.798 ~ 0.938.The proposed modeling of flashover provided by the paper could be used to perform a dimensioning method on insulators under fan-shaped pollution conditions. Also, the proposed model can be included in the EMTP-type platforms to determine the minimum insulator flashover characteristic that will provide an adequate flashover performance under pollution conditions.

DESIGN AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ACOUSTIC COMPARISON COUPLER AS A PORTABLE CALIBRATION MEDIA AND MECHANICAL SOUND SOURCE FOR CALIBRATION OF ACOUSTIC MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENTS

Design and characterization for an acoustic comparison coupler has been carried out at Deputy of National Measurement Standard-BSN by Research Group for Acoustics and Vibration. The aim of this work is to contrive a design and characterize this prototype that has an ability to be used either as the portable of calibration medium or as the sound source for calibration of the acoustic instruments. This prototype is consists of two main sections that made from aluminum material. The first section is a body part that is assembled some components such as a super low noise connector, a glass wool, and a loudspeaker. Meanwhile for a head part as the second section, it is formed a concave space inside, and a coupler hole of microphones. In addition, some stages of testing of this prototype are also reported in this paper, consists of measurement of insulation level, frequency response, maximum of sound pressure level (SPL), long term stability, and total harmonic distortion (THD), respectively. From the first stage, the difference of SPL between the two rooms and its background noise is not significant where it shown that the deviation of SPL values are 15.0 dB and 0.9 dB, respectively. Subsequently, the SPL maximum and long-term stability test is obtained at range of SPL of 118.0 dB – 124.0 dB, and 0.1 dB – 0.5 dB respectively at the frequency of 63 Hz – 8000 Hz in one third octave band. Moreover, the total harmonic distortion that measured in the final stage is still in a tolerance limit, where it has a value as 1.88 % for the aforementioned frequencies.

The nZEB Requirements for Residential Buildings: An Analysis of Thermal Comfort and Actual Energy Needs in Portuguese Climate

As of now, in the EU, all new buildings will have to comply with the requirements for nearly zero energy buildings (nZEB). Portugal defines limits for the maximum useful energy needs for heating and for the maximum primary energy needs and establishes that 50% of primary energy needs must be covered by local renewable energy sources, based on the dwellings’ nominal condition of use. However, the actual use is different. Thus, a simulation tool is used to assess thermal comfort and energy needs for different conditions of use of a dwelling complying with nZEB requirements. Eight different locations are chosen, covering all Portuguese climate zones. The nZEB requirements lead to unusually high levels of thermal insulation, especially in the coldest regions, so special care must be taken by the designers to avoid overheating in summer. Without using HVAC system, some discomfort is found but comfort is possible with low energy consumption. Furthermore, the compliance with nZEB requirements proved to be enough to ensure that a significant percentage of useful energy needs for heating, cooling and domestic hot water is supplied by local renewable energy sources. This is key in order to overcome the high rate of energy poverty in Portugal.

Quantitative impact analysis of driving factors on annual residential building energy end-use combining machine learning and stochastic methods

Residential buildings consume a large amount of energy in operation, which can be reduced by planning energy-efficient design and operation strategies. Understanding and quantifying the impact of key driving factors to the residential building energy end-use is essential for promoting more energy-efficient building design and operation schemes. Although the climate, building, and occupant-related features have been proven as the key driving factors to residential building energy end-use, their impacts are rarely compared and quantified simultaneously. This study conducts the first attempt in combining the machine learning method with Monte Carlo method to quantify the impacts of these key driving factors simultaneously. Data collected from the Residential Energy Consumption Survey 2015 of the U.S. was investigated in this study. The results indicate that the total energy end-use has positive correlations with the total building area, rooms’ numbers, windows’ numbers, indoor heating temperature setpoint and the occupants’ age; and has a negative correlation with the cooling temperature setpoint; the impacts of heating degree days and cooling degree days are nonlinear and complicated; the impact of the level of insulation is nuanced and offset by the harsh climate. The results of this study contribute good references to policymakers and architects for the synthesis of energy-efficient residential building design and operation; guidelines can be developed for the future survey on residential building energy for relevant and precise data collection to improve the building energy modelling.

Design optimization for the quench protection of DTT's superconducting toroidal field magnets

The paper is focused on the optimal design of Fast Discharge Unit (FDU) for the quench protection of the Toroidal Field (TF) magnets of the Divertor Tokamak Test facility (DTT), an experimental facility under construction in ENEA Frascati Research Centre (Rome, Italy). The FDU is a safety key component that protects the superconducting magnets when a quench is detected through the fast extraction of the energy stored in the magnets by adding a discharge dump resistor (DR) in the TF magnets circuit. A comparison between a fixed DR and a switched variable DR has been implemented by changing resistor parameters and by using multiple current control of the power electronics components (IGCTs).The new configuration allows to reduce the maximum voltage and the thermal stresses both for superconducting magnets and for FDUs (Fast Discharge Units), so reducing the insulation level of all TF (Toroidal Field) coil circuits, including also the power supply, reducing the hotspot temperature on the TF coils and the specific energy through them. Another advantage of the proposed configuration is the reduction of the size of all electrical devices of TF coil circuits so achieving a more effective and reliable design, also decreasing the overall costs.

Early stage design for an institutional net zero energy archetype building. Part 1: Methodology, form and sensitivity analysis

This paper is the first of two that examine the influence of building form, including courtyards, on the energy performance of medium-sized institutional solar net zero energy buildings incorporating building-integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPV/T) roof systems. The inclusion of BIPV/T at the early design stage along with passive design techniques extends to energy flexibility considerations with a smart grid. A two storey 3 000 m2 medium-sized archetype building was considered. Through simulations, different building plan shapes and BIPV/T roof tilt angles supported by a range of related building enclosure variables such as insulation level and window characteristics were analyzed and compared. The design configurations used BIPV/T heat recovery for winter ventilation air preheating in the Montreal region.In this first paper, the methodology is presented. Then, using annual net energy use intensity as the target, a global sensitivity analysis was performed to rank and quantify the most sensitive design variables at different BIPV/T roof slopes. Out of the nine input variables analyzed, the most influential by rank were the orientation, the window to wall ratio for the south and north façades, and the plan shape, for roof tilt angles of 35°, 40°, and 45°. For a roof tilt angle of 30°, the window to wall ratio of the south façade was the most influential, switching rank with the orientation. Although not an input variable to the sensitivity analysis, this indicates as well the influence of the BIPV/T roof tilt angle. Also, there was a significant interaction effect between the plan shape and orientation, highlighting the utility of analyzing interaction effects at the early design stage and the importance of these two factors in solar-enhanced buildings. At the other end of the spectrum, the window type, the wall and roof insulation level, and the window to wall ratios for the east and west facades were the least significant – at least approximately one order of magnitude less sensitive than the first ranked input.In the second paper, the methodology is applied in a case study for early stage design in which relative comparisons are made considering building form, net-zero energy, and extended to the grid considering load matching and energy flexibility.

Design of a Lightning Protection System for an Overhead 3 kV DC Electrified Railway Line: A Case Study from South Africa

A protection scheme is proposed for the 3 kV DC railway, in Kwa-Zulu Natal province, a region with a high lightning occurrence density. The surge protection was sought by implementing three metal-oxide surge arresters and an overhead ground wire. The purpose of these arresters is determined by their location in the circuit and the points that are vulnerable to adverse lightning effects: an arrester is installed to protect insulators between overhead lines and the supporting metallic mast, an arrester is installed to protect the point of contact between a stationary power supply wire and the train, and an arrester is installed to protect apparatus associated with the running tracks (return rail). An isolated earthing system is explored, and the effects of surge impedances and footing resistances are discussed. The voltage dropped across relevant vulnerable components and energy absorbed by the system components are determined by the simulation software Simulink. These results are compared with a railway system outfitted with the designed lightning protection mechanisms. Lightning currents are injected into the system using Heidler function where the parameters are in compliance with lightning protection standards. It is observed that the protection mechanisms defend susceptible components to a specified level. This demonstrates the success of the design in accordance with arrester protection levels (73.3 kV) and equipment withstand capabilities (a basic insulation level of 143 kV). This offers a protection margin of 95%. The largest percentage overshoot in the system is 39%, and this value is substantiated using reflection phenomena.

Long term, cross-country effects of buildings insulation policies

Building codes are an effective policy instrument to reduce energy consumption, but their impact depends on local building construction, renovation and demolition cycles, affected by economic and demographic development. In this research a unique global building stock model, with country level detail, is developed to understand the impact of building codes on global energy scenarios. The model shows that the majority of buildings standing in 2050 will be built after 2015, mostly outside of the OECD. In these regions despite growing space cooling demand due to projected economic development, insulation levels of new buildings remain low. New construction policies could thereby have a significant impact. In Africa and China the model shows that if all new buildings would be near zero-energy buildings in 2050 this would save respectively 64% and 43% of space heating and cooling energy demand. In OECD countries, on the contrary, the slower stock turn-over results in renovation policies being more effective, but also more vulnerable to delays. Delaying policy implementation by only 10 years drops global annual emission savings in 2050 by approximately 1 Gt CO2, showing the necessity of a fast and ambitious ramp up of building codes for achieving the Paris climate agreement.

FC 135A STEP TOWARD GREEN NEPHROLOGY: APPLYING THE PASSIVE HOUSE CONCEPT TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF DIALYSIS FACILITIES

Abstract Background and Aims The environmental impact of dialysis is now being largely recognized. It requires from the nephrology community to actively explore novel environmentally responsible health-care practices. Among them, conception of energy-efficient facilities may be an important prerequisite for improving the environmental impact of dialysis. The Passive House concept is an internationally recognised, performance-based energy standard in construction which so far has been rarely applied to medical facilities and never to dialysis centres. We report our experience with the first passive-house certified dialysis facility in Europe. Method The Passive House concept is a sustainable construction standard for nearly zero energy buildings (the Resolution of the European Parliament of 31/01/2008 has called for its implementation by all member states by 2021). Principles and design tools of the Passive House concept are freely available for all architects. The concept combines a particularly high level of insulation with a specific system of ventilation. Geothermal energy and energy from inside the building such as the body heat from the residents or solar heat entering the building are the main energy sources. Passive House buildings allow for heating and cooling related energy savings of up to 90% compared with typical building stock and over 75% compared with average new buildings. Results The François Berthoux Center (www.artic42.fr) is a 4 400 m2 dialysis facility operated by 40 health care agents and providing care to 135 patients. It was designed following the Passive-House standard, applied for the first time to such a medical building. Several adjustments specific to the dialysis activity were necessary. The most unexpected aspect was the importance of hemodialysis machines as an energy source. Thorough thermal evaluation showed that the heat provided by different type of hemodialysis machines was systematically superior to the energy mandatory during the coldest day of the year (>10 W/m2). In practice, the center turned out to be fully operational with no external source of heating. The downside was that the geothermal pump system was not sufficient to fully regulate temperatures during the warmest period of the year. Optimal cooling was achieved by the addition of conventional AC systems in the hemodialysis rooms. Overall, as compared to a similar center, energy savings provided by the The François Berthoux Center were substantially less than what is expected from a conventional Passive House building but were over 50%. The extra-cost of the construction was estimated to 3 to 5%. Conclusion In conclusion, the concept of eco-friendly building should extend to dialysis facilities. Application of the Passive House Standard in the context of hemodialysis requires to take into account some specificities that can impact the global environmental performance of the building. However, the net result is clearly in favor of such a construction, which is both affordable and sustainable.

Effects of climate changes on building energy demand and thermal comfort in Canadian office buildings adopting different temperature setpoints

Office buildings are responsible for a substantial portion of the energy demand in the commercial sector. To better understand and address the impacts of climate change on their energy demand and comfort levels, this paper investigates office buildings located in extremely cold, cold-humid, and cool-humid Canadian climate zones. Building energy simulations are performed using climate projections for the 2056–2075 period. The effect of extending thermostat setpoints, as a demand response strategy on reducing energy demand, is also studied under future climate conditions. The results quantify the expected decrease in the heating and the increase in the cooling loads due to the future warmer temperatures across Canada. However, the magnitude of change varies significantly among the three selected climate zones. In fact, extending the temperature setpoints would reduce the annual energy demand by 0.9–8.7% in Quebec City, 1.6–9.1% in Toronto, and 1.4–9.9% in Vancouver. For all three selected cities, extending the temperature setpoints result in a substantial percentage of zones with a predicted mean vote (PMV) outside of the ±0.5 range. The benefits of increased levels of insulation for reaching thermal comfort during cold winter days and the penalty that would occur in summer days are assessed. Finally, the greenhouse gas emissions for the present and forecasted future energy demand of heating and cooling are determined.

FEATURES AND COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF SACRED BUILDINGS OF THE END OF 20 – EARLY 21 CENTURY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CHURCH OF ST. PETER IN TERNOPIL)

The article examines some problems of temples of the late 20th - early 21st centuries, in which modern architectural ideas, modern design components appeared together with new design solutions. The study uses a set of general scientific (empirical and theoretical) and special research methods (method of visual and instrumental surveys, historical and comparative analysis, art analysis, method of thermal monitoring and calculation). A comprehensive study was conducted on the example of St. Peter's Church in Ternopil (architect Serhiy Hora, designer Józef Simels). It is established that its modern stylistic image, modern formative components are combined with the traditional plan, which has historically developed in church construction. The facilitation of the main load-bearing structures was made possible by the use of exceptional metal curved trusses and a reinforced concrete belt. A comprehensive analysis of the condition of the church building revealed a number of problems typical for churches of this period of construction: the progressive spread of efflorescence, mycological damage to the plaster, premature destruction of building materials and destruction of structures; loss of insulative properties of structures and increase in energy consumption, deterioration of acoustic characteristics in the church space, loss of uniformity of sound distribution over its area. The dependence of these problems on changes in temperature and humidity in the temple building has been established. According to the results of instrumental research, a correlation analysis was performed to assess the degree of relationship between the distribution of moisture and temperature with the peculiarities of operation, the nature of operation and the level of thermal insulation of enclosing structures. The consequences of further moistening of the inner surfaces of the fences have been established: consequences for the interior; microclimatic (hygienic) consequence; constructive consequences; effects on energy consumption and acoustic effects. As a result of the calculations, recommendations for troubleshooting were provided. Using in this context a systematic interpretation of case studies, the study of actions that would help increase the level of comfort in churches and their preservation, the authors propose a reconstruction with an assessment of the quality of intervention at each stage.

Lightning protection of multi‐fracture arc‐quenching lightning protection gap for 35 kV distribution lines

Owing to the low insulation level of 35 kV distribution lines, lightning outage accidents and huge economic losses occur frequently. Therefore, a multi-fracture arc-quenching lightning protection gap (MFALPG) for 35 kV distribution lines is developed to ensure the safety and stability of power supply. Here, the principle of MFALPG is presented through the electromagnetic self-contraction effect and qualitative modelling theory. In order to investigate the coupling effect between high-energy compressional waves and arcs, a mathematical model of airflow coupled arc was developed to simulate and analyse the arc-quenching process. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the high-energy compressional wave is triggered by the impulse arc rapidly, and the arc conductivity drops abruptly in a short time. Finally, a lightning impulse discharge test and the power frequency withstand voltage test are performed to determine the 35 kV power frequency continuous current interruption test parameters. Under the action of the MFAPLG, the entire time of arc duration is less than 3 ms, and reignition phenomenon of the arc is not found after the subsequent power frequency voltage is restored.

Analysing the future energy performance of residential buildings in the most populated Italian climatic zone: A study of climate change impacts

There is growing concern that global warming will change the building’s performance pattern in the future. This paper investigates the effects of climate changes on the heating and cooling energy demand, the overall energy performance and the overheating risk of typical residential buildings (existing and refurbished) in the biggest city of the most populated Italian climatic zone, Milan. The widely used morphing methodology was adapted for creating future weather data for different scenarios. Energy performance analysis was carried out using dynamic simulation for the near term (2021–2040) and the long term (2081–2099) periods. The results show decreases in heating energy demand up to 30.9%, intense increases in cooling energy demand, up to 255.1% and significant increases of overheating risk up to 155%. In addition, the effect of refurbishment on each parameter is also analysed and reported. The research demonstrates that climate change causes a paradigm shift in the building energy performance, while the magnitude of climate change impact is not equal for different building types, time periods, insulation levels, and future weather scenarios. Therefore, climate change must be considered for future energy performance assessment of buildings.

Tri-optimization of building shape and envelope properties using Taguchi and constraint limit method

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a tri-optimization approach to optimize design solutions regarding the building shape and envelope properties considering their implications on thermal comfort, visual comfort and building energy consumption (EN). The optimization approach has been applied to obtain the optimal design solutions in five typical cities across all climatic regions of China.Design/methodology/approachThe method comprises a tri-optimization process with nine main steps to optimize the three objectives (thermal comfort, visual comfort and building EN). The design variables considered are four types of building shape (pyramid, rectangular, cylindrical and dome shape) and different envelope properties (insulation thickness [INS] of external walls/roof, window type [WT] and window-to-envelop surface area ratio [WESR]). The optimization is performed by using the Taguchi and constraint limit method.FindingsThe results show that the optimal design solutions for all climatic regions favor cylindrical shape and triple-layer low-E glazing window. The highest insulation level of 150 mm is preferred in three climatic regions, and the INS of 90 mm is preferred in the other two climate regions. In total, 10% WESR is preferred in all climatic regions, except the mild region. When the constraint limit of lighting intensity requirement by Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is applied, the rectangular shape building is the optimal solution for those with 10% WESR.Research limitations/implicationsThe method proposed in the paper is innovative in that it optimizes three different objectives simultaneously in building design with better accuracy and calculation speed.Practical implicationsBuilding designers can easily follow the proposed design guide in their practice which effectively bridges the gap between theory and practice. The optimal design solutions can provide a more comfortable living environment and yet less EN, which can help achieve the sustainability requirement of green buildings.Social implicationsThe solutions presented in the paper can serve as a useful guide for practical building designers which creates economic and commercial impact. In addition, the theory and practical examples of the study can be used by building regulators to improve the energy-efficient building design standard in China.Originality/valueThe research is the first attempt that adopts tri-optimization approach to generate the optimal solutions for building shape and envelope design. The tri-optimization approach can be used by building designers to generate satisfactory design solutions from the architectural viewpoint and meanwhile to find combinations of the building shape and envelope properties that lead to design solutions with optimal building performance.

Towards Precise Interpretation of Oil Transformers via Novel Combined Techniques Based on DGA and Partial Discharge Sensors.

Power transformers are considered important and expensive items in electrical power networks. In this regard, the early discovery of potential faults in transformers considering datasets collected from diverse sensors can guarantee the continuous operation of electrical systems. Indeed, the discontinuity of these transformers is expensive and can lead to excessive economic losses for the power utilities. Dissolved gas analysis (DGA), as well as partial discharge (PD) tests considering different intelligent sensors for the measurement process, are used as diagnostic techniques for detecting the oil insulation level. This paper includes two parts; the first part is about the integration among the diagnosis results of recognized dissolved gas analysis techniques, in this part, the proposed techniques are classified into four techniques. The integration between the different DGA techniques not only improves the oil fault condition monitoring but also overcomes the individual weakness, and this positive feature is proved by using 532 samples from the Egyptian Electricity Transmission Company (EETC). The second part overview the experimental setup for (66/11.86 kV–40 MVA) power transformer which exists in the Egyptian Electricity Transmission Company (EETC), the first section in this part analyzes the dissolved gases concentricity for many samples, and the second section illustrates the measurement of PD particularly in this case study. The results demonstrate that precise interpretation of oil transformers can be provided to system operators, thanks to the combination of the most appropriate techniques.

Insulation of Common Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs Nests is Largely Driven by Animal-Derived Materials in the Cup Lining

Incubation of eggs and nestlings is energetically costly and may be affected by the amount of thermal insulation the surrounding nest provides. In many small passerine species, animal-derived materials, i.e., feathers and hair, are often used in the nest lining where, presumably, their lower thermal conductance offers better insulation. A previous study that involved partial deconstruction of thrush nests revealed that different parts of the nest confer different levels of insulation. The present study examined the insulatory values of Common Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs nests because of the high proportion of animal-derived materials in their cup lining but not the outer nest. Insulatory values and cooling rates of temperature loggers inside the cup were determined for whole nests and then only the cup lining. There were no significant relationships between nest measurements and measures of thermal insulation. However, removal of the outer nest wall reduced the insulatory value by around 10% despite the cup lining being less than half the thickness of the complete nest wall and the cup lining being only a third of the total nest mass. Differential placement of animal-derived materials within the cup lining of Common Chaffinch nests means that the birds seem to be able to confer a high level of insulation without expending too much energy searching for a large mass of particular nest materials.

Technical Analysis of Grid Connection of High-speed Railway Power Through Lines

For the power communication system of the high-speed railway, the power through line is the core power supply line, and its operation effect has a vital effect on the safety and stability of the high-speed railway operation. However, because the power penetrating line is largely restricted by the power system, and the lightning protection measures and insulation level are relatively weak, the grid connection is also very difficult. In order to realize the effective grid connection of high-speed railway power through-line, this paper analyzes its grid connection technology. In this analysis, it first analyzes the overall overview of the high-speed rail power penetration system; then it analyzes the specific principles of grid connection of the high-speed rail power penetration line; Finally, the simulation calculation and analysis of the specific grid connection are carried out. It is hoped that this analysis can provide sufficient technical support for the grid connection of the high-speed rail power through-line, so as to improve its application effect and safety.