Levels Of Impulsivity Research Articles

Effect of new coumarin derivatives on the impulsive and compulsive components of gambling addiction in rats

BACKGROUND: The search for new neuroactive compounds that selectively affect the mechanisms of emotional reinforcement in gambling addiction is of interest. No previous studies have examined the effects of coumarins on gambling addiction.
 AIM: This study aimed to investigate the effect of new coumarin derivatives on the impulsive and compulsive components of gambling addiction in rats.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: The effects of drugs on elements of gambling addiction were assessed in rats in the “marble burying” test and “probability and magnitude of reinforcement” in the three-arm maze, a version of the Iowa test. The effects of the following six coumarin derivatives were assessed: LVM-091, LVM-092, LVM-096, LVM-099, LVM-S144, and IEM-2886.
 RESULTS: In the “burrowing balls” test, substances synthesized based on coumarins LVM-092, LVM-099, LVM-S144, and IEM-2886 reduced the level of compulsivity, reducing the number of buried balls compared with the control and diazepam groups (p ≤ 0.05). In the “probability and magnitude of reinforcement” test, after the administration of drugs LVM-091, LVM-099, LVM-S144, and IEM-2886, the level of impulsivity and risk behavior decreased, reducing the number of animals entering the sleeve with the greatest reinforcement and its low probability.
 CONCLUSIONS: New coumarin derivatives cause an anticompulsive effect and reduce the impulsivity level in rats, which in the future can be used for treating obsessive–compulsive disorders and addictive conditions, such as Internet addiction and gaming addiction.

Impulsivity as a trait in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris): A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Impulsivity is a critical component of dog (Canis familiaris) behavior that owners often want to curtail. Though studies of dog impulsivity have examined their inability to wait and to inhibit inappropriate behaviors, it is not clear whether impulsivity is a behavioral trait with consistent characteristics across contexts. For this project, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate whether impulsivity exists as a behavioral trait in domestic dogs. Under a preregistered protocol, we processed over 10,000 bibliographic database records to uncover 13 articles with multiple impulsivity tasks assessed in the same subjects. Across 31 pairs of impulsivity tasks, 28 failed to detect a correlation in performance between tasks and three detected a correlation. For 15 correlations of impulsivity tasks with the owner's perception of their dog's impulsivity, 10 were not correlated, while five were correlated. A formal meta-analysis on one pair of tasks (A-not-B task and cylinder task) tested across seven different studies showed no overall correlation between the tasks. Our systematic review and meta-analysis found little indication of consistent relationships between impulsivity levels across tasks for dogs. Therefore, at the moment, we do not have good evidence of impulsivity as a behavioral trait that transfers across contexts, suggesting that perhaps we should focus on the context-specific nature of impulsivity in dogs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Suicidal Behaviour and Stressful Life Events: The Mediating Role of the Impulsivity-Aggression-Hostility Triad Through Psychological Autopsy.

Stressful life events (SLEs), impulsivity, aggression, and hostility are known risk factors for suicide. The existence of an "I-A-H Triad" (composed of impulsiveness, aggressiveness and hostility) is proposed as a mediating factor between SLEs and suicide. Data on 399 deceased people (274 from suicide, 125 from other causes) were collected through psychological autopsy. The Paul Ramsey Life Experience Scale (to collect SLE history), the Barrat Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11) and the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory (BDHI) were applied, using versions adapted for psychological autopsy. Comparative analysis of the two groups showed significant differences in the variables of interest (SLE: = 7.280; BDHI: = 4.201; BIS-11: = 3.812; I-A-H Triad: = 4.84). Mediation analysis confirmed the role of the I-A-H Triad in mediation of the presence of SLEs and the type of death. High levels of impulsivity, aggression, and hostility increase the risk of suicide when a person is faced with SLEs.

Explicit and implicit effects of gaming content on social media on the behavior of young adults.

Excessive gameplay can have negative effects on both mental and physical health, especially among young people. Nowadays, social media platforms are bombarding users with gaming-related content daily. Understanding the effect of this content on people's behavior is essential to gain insight into problematic gaming habits. However, this issue is yet to be studied extensively. In this study, we examined how gaming-related content on social media affects young adults explicitly and implicitly. We studied 25 healthy young adults (average age 21.5 ± 2.2) who played online games casually and asked them to report their gaming desire. We also conducted an implicit association test (IAT) to measure their implicit attitudes toward gaming-related content. We also investigated the relationship between these measures and various psychological factors, such as personality traits, self-efficacy, impulsiveness, and cognitive flexibility. The results revealed that participants had a higher explicit gaming desire when exposed to gaming-related cues on social media than neutral cues. They also had a robust positive implicit attitude toward gaming-related content on social media. Explicit gaming desire was positively correlated with neuroticism levels. Furthermore, the IAT effect was negatively correlated with self-efficacy and cognitive flexibility levels. However, there were no significant correlations between explicit gaming desire/IAT effect and impulsiveness levels. These findings suggest that gaming-related content on social media can affect young adults' behavior both explicitly and implicitly, highlighting the need for further research to prevent gaming addiction in vulnerable individuals.

Effects of Impulsivity and Interpersonal Problems on Adolescent Depression: A Cross-Lagged Study.

The dynamic changes over time in the relationships between impulsivity, interpersonal problems, and depression warrant further exploration. This study delves into the roles of impulsivity and interpersonal issues in the progression of adolescent depression over a year, using a sample of 271 Chinese adolescents (51.7% male, Mage = 12.60 ± 0.69). At three time points, impulsivity levels were assessed with the Chinese version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11, interpersonal problems with the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List, and depression with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Results revealed that both impulsivity and interpersonal problems serve as risk factors for depression, but the primary risk factor shifted over time. In early middle school stages, impulsivity was the predominant risk factor, while in later stages, interpersonal problems became the primary risk factor. These findings carry significant implications for directing prevention efforts and interventions for adolescent depression.

Patterns of admission in forensic units during the COVID-19 pandemic: a process analysis.

The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on forensic service practice remains matter of debate. Increased rates of anxiety, depression, and exacerbation of psychotic symptoms were reported in the early phases of the pandemic among detained persons. However, longitudinal analyses in medium-security hospitals taking into account the whole pandemic period led to mitigated results. This report examines the evolution of the type (voluntary versus involuntary) and reason of admissions, length of stay, history of outpatient care, short-term seclusion hours for aggressive behaviors, and clinical diagnoses for detainees needing acute psychiatric care during the COVID-19 pandemic in the sole secure ward located in the central prison of Geneva, Switzerland. To determine the general trend of the processes over time we applied a combination of process analysis with run chart plotting, and fractional polynomial regression. Run tests showed that the proportion of cases with personality disorders, substance use disorders (SUD), and previous outpatient care tended to increase during the COVID pandemic with subsequent decrease to reach the pre-COVID values. This was also the case for depressive symptoms as reason for admission. The proportion of involuntary admission showed a steady increase both during the COVID and post-COVID time periods. In contrast, short-term seclusion hours decreased during the COVID pandemic followed by a return to their pre-COVID values. Regression models revealed that the COVID pandemic was associated with a significant increase in the rates of inmates with personality disorders and SUD admitted for forensic care explaining 36 and 41% of their variance. These data support the idea that, in terms of acute care needs, the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with increased needs for acute forensic care that concerned detainees with personality disorders characterized by increased levels of impulsiveness, decreased tolerance to frustrations, loss of control, increased extraversion and frequent SUD comorbidity.

Impulsivity in adolescent girls diagnosed with trichotillomania: an evaluation of clinical and neuropsychological characteristics

The aim of this study is to compare the clinical and neuropsychological features of impulsivity in adolescent girls with trichotillomania (TTM) and healthy controls, and to assess the relationships between the severity of TTM and the impulsivity/concomitant symptoms of anxiety and depression. The study sample consisted of 43 adolescent girls who were 12 to 18 years old. The Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version DSM-5 (K-SADS-PL) was administered to the adolescents and their parents. All of the participants completed a sociodemographic data form, the Revised Children’s Anxiety and Depression Scale-Child Version (RCADS-CV), the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-Brief (BIS-Brief), and the Massachusetts General Hospital Hairpulling Scale (MGH-HPS). The Eriksen Flanker task, the Stop Signal Reaction Time (SSRT) task, the Go/No-Go task, and the Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART) were used to assess behavioral impulsivity. The adolescents with TTM reported higher levels of impulsivity and anxiety/depression symptoms than the healthy controls, and they also performed worse on the behavioral tasks. While there were no relationships between clinical and behavioral impulsivity and TTM severity, social anxiety symptoms were the most important predictor of the severity of TTM. It seems important to better understand the role of impulsivity in the onset and persistence of TTM symptoms in adolescents.

Criminalizing Psychopathology in Black Americans: Racial and Gender Differences in the Relationship Between Psychopathology and Arrests

Black Americans are arrested at disproportionate levels compared with White Americans. We sought to understand whether the association between psychopathology and arrest record is equally strong for Black Americans and White Americans, hypothesizing that the association would be stronger for Black Americans. In a sample of adults (age: M = 34.81 years), we found that at the same level of psychopathology severity, emotion dysregulation, and impulsivity, Black Americans ( n = 585) exhibited higher rates of being arrested in adulthood than White Americans ( n = 977). These findings held even when controlling for environmental (e.g., socioeconomic status) and individual (e.g., substance-use history) factors associated with arrests. This suggests that the risk conferred by more severe psychopathology on arrests is stronger for Black Americans than White Americans. Our results highlight how structural racism affects both psychopathology and the carceral system to contribute to the overrepresentation of Black Americans within the criminal justice system.

Impulsivity across psychiatric disorders in young adults

PurposeImpulsivity is a common cognitive issue across several psychiatric illnesses but is most frequently associated with the DSM-5 Disruptive, Impulse Control and Conduct Disorders, ADHD, and addictive disorders. We hypothesized that a wide range of psychiatric disorders would be associated with elevated impulsivity, not just those commonly linked to impulsiveness. This study aimed to explore the relationship between impulsivity and various psychiatric disorders in young adults. Procedures700 non-treatment seeking participants (aged 18–29 years) were enrolled from the general community, provided demographic information, and underwent a psychiatric evaluation to screen for various psychiatric disorders. Each participant then completed the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), a self-report measure of impulsivity, followed by the Stop Signal Task (SST), a computerized stop-attention task that measures impulse control. Impulsivity levels across psychiatric disorders were examined by analyzing z-scores relative to controls. Main findingsPatients with bulimia nervosa, comorbid panic disorder with agoraphobia, and borderline personality disorder showed the highest levels of attentional, motor, and non-planning impulsivity, respectively. The effect size of the difference in total BIS impulsivity was large (d > 0.8) for several conditions including eating, personality, addictive, and mood disorders. The effect size of the difference in impulsivity was not large for any of the measures of ADHD. As compared to other psychiatric disorders analyzed, trichotillomania showed the greatest levels of impulsivity as measured by SST. Principal conclusionsThis data indicates that a wide range of psychiatric disorders exhibit heightened impulsivity with findings differing across various cognitive domains. Comorbidity resulted in unique findings of elevated impulsivity. This may suggest utility in viewing impulsivity as a transdiagnostic factor for a broad range of psychiatric disorders. Future studies should analyze comorbidities and whether patient psychiatric medication impacts these findings.

Altered Impulsivity Across Drug-Naïve Parkinsonism, Isolated Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder, and Their High-Risk Relatives.

To determine multidimensional impulsivity levels across different early stages of α-synucleinopathy. This cross-sectional study investigated motor and decisional impulsivity levels using a panel of computerized tasks among drug-naïve parkinsonism patients, isolated/idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) patients and their first-degree relatives (iRBD-FDRs), and control participants. Trait impulsivity and impulse control behaviors were assessed by self-reported questionnaires. A total of 27 drug-naïve parkinsonism patients, 157 iRBD patients, 66 iRBD-FDRs, and 82 control participants were recruited. Parkinsonism and iRBD patients had fewer numbers of extracted beads in beads task 1 and 2 (both p < 0.001), and a higher rate of irrational choice in task 1 (p = 0.046) before making decisions, and fewer numbers of pumps of unexploded blue balloons in the balloon analog risk task (p = 0.004) than control participants, indicating a higher level of reflection impulsivity and a lower level of risk taking, respectively. iRBD patients had more no-go errors in the go/no-go task than control participants (padjusted = 0.036), suggesting a higher level of motor impulsivity. iRBD-FDRs with dream-enactment behaviors had fewer numbers of extracted beads (p = 0.047) in beads task 2 than FDRs without dream-enactment behaviors, suggesting a possible higher level of reflection impulsivity. A complex construct of altered impulsivity with decreased risk taking, but increased reflection and motor impulsivity, has already occurred at the prodromal and early stages of α-synucleinopathy, which have implications for underlying pathophysiology and clinical management of α-synucleinopathy, especially for impulse control behaviors upon dopaminergic drug treatment. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:544-557.

The role of psychosocial well-being and emotion-driven impulsiveness in food choices of European adolescents

BackgroundIt is unclear whether a hypothetical intervention targeting either psychosocial well-being or emotion-driven impulsiveness is more effective in reducing unhealthy food choices. Therefore, we aimed to compare the (separate) causal effects of psychosocial well-being and emotion-driven impulsiveness on European adolescents’ sweet and fat propensity.MethodsWe included 2,065 participants of the IDEFICS/I.Family cohort (mean age: 13.4) providing self-reported data on sweet propensity (score range: 0 to 68.4), fat propensity (range: 0 to 72.6), emotion-driven impulsiveness using the UPPS-P negative urgency subscale, and psychosocial well-being using the KINDLR Questionnaire. We estimated, separately, the average causal effects of psychosocial well-being and emotion-driven impulsiveness on sweet and fat propensity applying a semi-parametric doubly robust method (targeted maximum likelihood estimation). Further, we investigated a potential indirect effect of psychosocial well-being on sweet and fat propensity mediated via emotion-driven impulsiveness using a causal mediation analysis.ResultsIf all adolescents, hypothetically, had high levels of psychosocial well-being, compared to low levels, we estimated a decrease in average sweet propensity by 1.43 [95%-confidence interval: 0.25 to 2.61]. A smaller effect was estimated for fat propensity. Similarly, if all adolescents had high levels of emotion-driven impulsiveness, compared to low levels, average sweet propensity would be decreased by 2.07 [0.87 to 3.26] and average fat propensity by 1.85 [0.81 to 2.88]. The indirect effect of psychosocial well-being via emotion-driven impulsiveness was 0.61 [0.24 to 1.09] for average sweet propensity and 0.55 [0.13 to 0.86] for average fat propensity.ConclusionsAn intervention targeting emotion-driven impulsiveness, compared to psychosocial well-being, would be marginally more effective in reducing sweet and fat propensity in adolescents.

Influences of Impulsivity and Psychological Flexibility on Empathic Abilities: A Quantitative Analysis

This study aimed to elucidate the predictive roles of impulsivity and psychological flexibility on empathy. Understanding these relationships could inform interventions to enhance empathic abilities in various populations. Utilizing a cross-sectional design, we analyzed data from 350 participants. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted using SPSS version 25 to examine how impulsivity and psychological flexibility relate to empathy. Our analysis demonstrated that psychological flexibility positively predicts empathy, whereas impulsivity shows a negative correlation. Specifically, the regression model accounted for 35% of the variance in empathy scores, highlighting significant predictive capacities of both impulsivity and psychological flexibility on empathy. The study concludes that empathy can be significantly influenced by levels of impulsivity and psychological flexibility. These findings suggest potential avenues for developing targeted interventions aimed at enhancing empathy through the modulation of these psychological constructs.

Association between impulsivity and depressive symptoms in recently detoxified patients with alcohol dependence

Background: Depression and impulsivity are etiologically linked to alcohol dependence (AD) and are known to affect course and outcomes. The relationship between impulsivity and depressive symptoms has been investigated only in a few studies of individuals with AD. Aim: This study aimed to explore the association between impulsivity and depressive symptoms in patients with AD. Materials and Methods: Our study was conducted in the inpatient setup of a tertiary care psychiatry institute. The study design is cross-sectional. The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) and stop signal task (SST) were used to assess levels of global impulsivity and behavioral impulsivity, respectively, among 60 recently detoxified inpatients with AD. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) was used to measure depressive symptoms. The results were analyzed to examine the association of depressive symptoms with impulsivity. Pearson’s coefficient of correlation or Spearman’s rank correlation and linear regression analysis were performed to explore the association between quantitative variables. Results: Patients with higher HAM-D scores were found to have significantly higher score on all three subscales of the BIS-11. The attention impulsivity subscale had the strongest correlations (r = 0.53, P &lt; 0.001). Depressive symptoms were more strongly correlated with cognitive impulsivity (r = 0.54, P&lt; 0.0001) compared with motor impulsivity and were not significantly associated with behavioral impulsivity. Adjusting for other variables, cognitive impulsivity was found to be the strongest predictor of the severity of depressive symptoms. Conclusions: The study showed a strong association between impulsivity and depressive symptoms in individuals with AD. This relationship may apply more to cognitive impulsivity, reflecting the role of impulsive decisions compared with impulsive actions.

Clinical features and influencing factors of adolescent major depressive disorder with suicidal and self-injurious behaviour.

To analyse the related influencing factors of adolescent major depressive disorder (MDD) with suicidal and self-injurious behaviour (SSIB). A total of 299 adolescents with MDD who were admitted to the psychiatric department of the hospital between February 2022 and July 2023 were selected using the convenience sampling method. The participants were divided into the SSIB group (n = 110) and the non-SSIB group (n = 189) according to whether SSIB was present, and related indicators were collected and compared. The patients' ages at the time of their first SSIB ranged from 10 to 18 years old, with a mean age of 13.30 ± 1.74 years. The most commonly injured parts were the lower arm and wrist (42.13%), and the most common injury was cutting, accounting for 40.00% of the total patients. The most common type of self-injury differed by sex (X2 = 17.798, P = 0.006); for men, hitting was the most common, and for women, cutting was the most common. In 51.41% of the patients, the period between the initial thought and the actual committing of the SSIB was less than 5 minutes. The scores of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, the Barratt Impulsivity Scale, the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire, the Symptom Checklist-90 (all P < 0.001), and the health-risk behaviour scale (67.47 ± 12.59 vs. 41.58 ± 11.36, t = 9.587, P < 0.001) were significantly increased in the SSIB group compared with the non-SSIB group. In addition, the total score of quality of life (QOL) (11.36 ± 4.32 vs. 16.43 ± 5.64, t = 5.496, P < 0.001) was decreased in the SSIB group compared with the non-SSIB group. The SSIB of adolescent patients with MDD is related to various factors, including impulsiveness, aggressiveness, personality traits, QOL, and mental health level.

Clinical and neurophysiological manifestations of sluggish cognitive tempo in children

To study the clinical and neurophysiological features of children with low cognitive tempo (NCT), as well as the effectiveness of the drug Pantogam in the treatment of this pathology. A total of 90 children aged 8 to 10 years were examined. Of these, the main study group consisted of 30 children with NCT, the comparison group consisted of 30 children with a combined type of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD (ADHD-K), the control group consisted of 30 children without neuropsychiatric disorders. The study used clinical, neurophysiological (electroencephalography (EEG)) and parametric methods. The CMAS scale of apparent anxiety (The Children's Form of Manifest Anxiety Scale), the SNAP-IY scale (assessment of the degree of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity), the TOVA computer test (the Test of Variables of Attention), the scale «SCT» (Sluggish Cognitive Tempo) for assessing manifestations of low cognitive tempo, the «RAM» technique for quantifying working memory. Pantogam was used to treat patients at a dose of 750 mg per day for 8 weeks. Patients with NCT are characterized by more pronounced attention disorders compared with healthy peers and with children with ADHD-K, and they have a decrease in mainly not selective attention, but the overall level of functional activity. Also, the group of children with NCT has an increased level of anxiety compared to the group of children with ADHD. A comparative analysis of the level of impulsivity showed that children with NCT are less characterized by a deficit in inhibition processes. According to the quantitative analysis of the EEG, specific changes in functional activity in the frontal and central regions of the cerebral cortex were revealed (a statistically significant increase in the ratio of absolute theta rhythm to beta1 rhythm, compared with other groups), reflecting insufficient cortical arousal and less focused neural states. When re-evaluating the condition of children with NCT after a course of therapy with Pantogam, an improvement in the form of a decrease in the degree of inattention, the severity of memory impairment and a decrease in reaction time was recorded in 60% of cases. According to quantitative EEG analysis, there was a significant decrease in the ratio of absolute theta rhythm to beta1 rhythm in the central leads of both hemispheres and in the parietal-temporal leads of the left hemisphere, indicating an increase in the level of overall activation of the cerebral cortex after a course of treatment. Clinical and neurophysiological differences were revealed in patients with NCT and with combined ADHD. It has been shown that the use of Pantogam for the treatment of children with NCT leads not only to a decrease in the main manifestations of this disorder, but also to an improvement in the functional state of the brain.

Validation of screening method based on EEG analysis for the risk assessment of psychiatric and behavioral disorders: a pilot study

To assess the validity of the screening method based on EEG analysis using predictive analytics algorithms with the calculation of linear discriminant functions (LDFs), in comparison with a classification system based on psychometric self-report scales. A comparative cross-sectional study with partial blinding involving healthy volunteers was conducted at two investigational sites. The calculated scores of LDFs used to assess risks of impulsivity, depression and anxiety acted as quantitative characteristics of subjects' mental state. Testing included completing psychometric scales. As a result of the performed validation of the original screening method based on EEG analysis in comparison with the scores of psychometric scales chosen as a reference method, satisfactory results were obtained with the best parameters of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for detecting high levels of impulsivity associated with pronounced aggressiveness. Of considerable interest is also the direct correlation found between high levels of LDF impulsivity scores and high levels of self-rated aggression on a psychometric scale (BPAQ-24). The results open up the possibility of using the proposed method to predict a number of emotional and behavioral characteristics of subjects, including a high risk of aggressive behavior as part of professional selection.

Neuropsychological parameters in male offenders with substance use disorders.

The impact of cognitive functions on treatment outcomes in forensic psychiatric patients with substance use disorders is not well understood. This study investigates whether neuropsychological deficits, such as in attention, executive functions, and social-emotional cognition, are associated with impulsivity and criminal history. 109 male patients with substance use disorders at the Clinic for Forensic Psychiatry in Rostock were screened using inclusion and exclusion criteria, with 30 consenting to participate. The tests included the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) to assess cognitive functions in the areas of attention, psychomotor speed, social and emotional perception, and executive functions, with a particular focus on decision making, planning and problem solving. The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) was used to measure impulsiveness. Participants displayed significantly higher impulsivity levels on the BIS-11 compared to the general population and showed marked deficits in attention, psychomotor speed, and executive functions. There was a minimal correlation between impulsivity and cognitive performance, suggesting that impulsivity does not directly predict cognitive impairments. Notably, extensive criminal histories correlated with poorer cognitive performance, particularly in tasks requiring planning and problem-solving. We found mixed support for the hypothesized associations between neuropsychological functions and criminal histories among patients with substance use disorders. While tasks related to planning and sustained attention showed clearer links, broader cognitive functions displayed inconsistent correlations. These findings emphasize the complexity of the relationship between cognitive deficits, impulsivity, and criminal history, highlighting the necessity for tailored assessments and rehabilitation strategies to enhance outcomes. Future research should focus on larger, longitudinal studies to validate these findings and refine therapeutic approaches.

Preoperative psychological assessment as a predictor of obesity relapse after sleeve gastrectomy

ntroduction. Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue in the body, posing a health hazard and being a major risk factor for several other chronic diseases. Bariatric surgery is currently considered one of the most effective methods of treating obesity. However, studies by various authors indicate that obesity recurrence in the late postoperative period occurs on average in 20% of cases. Predictors of poor response to laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy can help adjust patient management tactics, while psychological assessment of impulsivity level, compliance, and depression can assist in predicting patient behavior after surgery. Aim.To determine whether preoperative psychological assessment of the patient, as well as the level of patient compliance, are predictors of obesity relapse in the long-term postoperative period after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Materials and methods. The study included 79 patients, with mean age of 44 years; 27% were male, 73% female. In all cases, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy was performed. Patients were followed up for five years, after which they were divided into two groups: 78.5% without relapse, 21.5% with relapse. When analyzing%EBMIL one year after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, all surgical interventions were found to be effective (%EBMIL&gt;50%). Before hospitalization, patients were questioned using DEBQ questionnaires, the level of compliance, and the Beck Depression Scale. Results. 19.76% of patients have no eating behavior disorders (EBD), 80.24% have different types of EBD. 62.96% of the patients had no signs of depression, 24.69% had mild depression, and 12.35% had moderate depression. All patients included in this study showed a high level of overall compliance. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups with and without obesity relapse after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in terms of DEBQ questionnaires, «compliance level», and Beck Depression Scale measured before surgery. Conclusions. Determining the level of compliance, depression, type of eating behavior disorder before surgery is not predictive when assessing the risk of obesity relapse after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.

IMPLEMENTASI TERAPI MUSIK TERHADAP PERILAKU HIPERAKTIF ANAK AUTIS DI RA IT THOYYIBAH KERASAAN KECAMATAN PEMATANG BANDAR KABUPATEN SIMALUNGUN

This research discusses the implementation of music therapyas an intervention approach for hyperactive behavior in early childhood. Focusing on the effects of music therapy on improving emotional balance and managing impulsivity, this study involved a number of early childhood participants who had been diagnosed with hyperactivity.The research methodology involved an experimental design with a control group and a treatment group receiving structured music therapy sessions over a specified period. Behavioral data is observed and recorded before, during and after the intervention, while also taking into account emotional responses through special evaluation tools.The research results show that music therapy can have a positive impact on increasing focus of attention, reducing levels of impulsivity, and increasing emotional balance in children who experience hyperactivity. These findings provide an important contribution to the understanding of the potential of music therapy as a non-pharmacological method in managing hyperactive behavior in early childhood, providing new insight into a holistic therapeutic approach in addressing neurobehavioral challenges in early developmental stages.

Smartphone use during the perinatal period: Findings from a longitudinal study with first-time parents

Becoming a parent is a complex life transition involving many adaptations in psychological functioning. To date, we know little about how couples use smartphones during their transition to parenthood. This study examined changes in different aspects of parental smartphone use and associations with specific parental and infant characteristics in the perinatal period.Ninety-five first-time parents completed questionnaires at three time points: during the last trimester of pregnancy, at 1.5–2 months, and at 3–4 months after birth. We assessed parents’ daily smartphone usage time, feelings of immersion during smartphone use, smartphone addiction, and interruptions in social interactions caused by smartphone use. Linear mixed models served to test changes in smartphone use and associations with parental impulsivity, symptoms of depression and anxiety, and with infant temperament.Whereas parents’ daily smartphone usage time remained similar, feelings of immersion during smartphone use decreased over the perinatal period. After birth, higher levels of parental impulsivity and anxiety as well as a more difficult infant temperament predicted higher levels of smartphone addiction. A more difficult infant temperament was associated with higher levels of immersion during smartphone use.Our study provides, for the first time, systematic and longitudinal evidence on parental smartphone use during the perinatal period. Results suggest that more impulsive and anxious parents and parents with infants who are experienced as more difficult are at risk for more problematic smartphone use during this life transition.