Hydrogen Sulfide Levels Research Articles

Magnetite Alters the Metabolic Interaction between Methanogens and Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria.

It is known that the presence of sulfate decreases the methane yield in the anaerobic digestion systems. Sulfate-reducing bacteria can convert sulfate to hydrogen sulfide competing with methanogens for substrates such as H2 and acetate. The present work aims to elucidate the microbial interactions in biogas production and assess the effectiveness of electron-conductive materials in restoring methane production after exposure to high sulfate concentrations. The addition of magnetite led to a higher methane content in the biogas and a sharp decrease in the level of hydrogen sulfide, indicating its beneficial effects. Furthermore, the rate of volatile fatty acid consumption increased, especially for butyrate, propionate, and acetate. Genome-centric metagenomics was performed to explore the main microbial interactions. The interaction between methanogens and sulfate-reducing bacteria was found to be both competitive and cooperative, depending on the methanogenic class. Microbial species assigned to the Methanosarcina genus increased in relative abundance after magnetite addition together with the butyrate oxidizing syntrophic partners, in particular belonging to the Syntrophomonas genus. Additionally, Ruminococcus sp. DTU98 and other species assigned to the Chloroflexi phylum were positively correlated to the presence of sulfate-reducing bacteria, suggesting DIET-based interactions. In conclusion, this study provides new insights into the application of magnetite to enhance the anaerobic digestion performance by removing hydrogen sulfide, fostering DIET-based syntrophic microbial interactions, and unraveling the intricate interplay of competitive and cooperative interactions between methanogens and sulfate-reducing bacteria, influenced by the specific methanogenic group.

Positive association of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and HbA1c, and a negative association with hydrogen sulfide (H2S) levels among healthy African Americans, and H2S-inhibition and high-glucose-upregulation of AChE in cultured THP-1 human monocytes

The incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is higher in people over the age of 65 and in African Americans (AA). Elevated acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity has been considered a major player in the onset of AD symptoms. As a result, many FDA-approved AD drugs target AChE inhibition to treat AD patients. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a signaling molecule known to downregulate oxidative stress and inflammation. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the blood is widely used as a biomarker to monitor inflammation and immunity. This study examined the hypothesis that plasma AChE levels have a negative association with H2S levels and that a positive association exists between levels of NLR, HbA1c, and ROS with the AChE in the peripheral blood. The fasting blood sample was taken from 114 African Americans who had provided written informed consent approved by the IRB. The effect of H2S and high-glucose treatment on AChE activity levels was also investigated in THP-1 human monocytes. There was a significant negative relationship between AChE and the levels of H2S (r = -0.41, p = 0.001); a positive association between the levels of AChE with age (r = 0.26, p = 0.03), NLR (r = 0.23, p = 0.04), ROS (r = 0.23, p = 0.04) and HbA1c levels (r = 0.24, p = 0.04), in AA subjects. No correlation was seen between blood levels of AChE and acetylcholine (ACh). Blood creatinine had a negative correlation (r = -0.23, p = 0.04) with ACh levels. There was a significant effect of H2S on AChE inhibition and of high glucose in upregulating AChE activity in cultured monocytes. This study suggests hyperglycemia and lower H2S status can contribute to an increase in the AChE activity levels. Future clinical studies are needed to examine the potential benefits of supplementation with hydrogen sulfide pro-drugs/compounds in reducing the AChE and the cognitive dysfunctions associated with AD.

Improving the electrochemical properties of Ti3C2Tx MXene for H2S electrochemical sensor by calcination

The existence level and metabolic mechanism of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) have been proved to have an important impact on organisms, even affecting the generation and development of many neurological diseases. Therefore, it is essential to develop sensitive and accurate H2S sensors to detect H2S concentration at trace level and provide effective research tools for studying the mechanism of action of H2S on organisms. MXene is a class of two-dimensional transition metal carbonitrides with a graphene-like structure, which indicating great application prospects as a biosensor due to its large specific surface area and good conductivity. In this work, the properties of multilayer Ti3C2Tx MXene materials are optimized concerning their physical structure and functional groups. Based on the Li + intercalation method, SL-Ti3C2Tx MXene is prepared by a mild route, and its electrochemical performance is optimized by high temperature calcination under high purity argon conditions. The change in material properties at high temperature is discussed through structural and chemical analysis, and the optimal calcination temperature is determined to be 700 °C. The constructed H2S electrochemical sensor exhibits high stability and reproducibility in applications, with a detection range of 0.1–500 μM, and the detection limit is reduced to 5.77 nM.

Risk Analysis H2S And NH3 Exposure to Local Community Around Benowo Landfill Surabaya

Final waste processing in Indonesia adopts a landfill system. The Benowo landfill employs this system, which has a weakness in producing H2S and NH3 gases. The objective of this study was to assess the level of public health risk present in the Benowo landfill environment. The study design used was quantitative descriptive with a cross-sectional approach. The sample size consisted of 93 housewives selected using simple random sampling techniques, and gas measurements were conducted at two locations. The data analysis methods employed were univariate analysis and ARKL. The findings of this research demonstrated that the level of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas measured 0.02 ppm, while the concentration of ammonia (NH3) was 0.006 ppm. which were still below the quality standards set by East Java Governor Regulation No. 10 year 2009 regarding ambient air quality standards and stationary source emissions in East Java, where the limits for H2S were 0.03 ppm and NH3 were 2.00 ppm. The response dose value (Rfc) for H2S was 0.002 mg/m3, and for NH3 it was 0.5 mg/m3. The RQ value for H2S was greater than 1, indicating a potential risk, while the RQ value for NH3 was less than or equal to 1, indicating safety for the community. H2S gas poses a risk, whereas NH3 does not pose a risk to the communities in the Benowo landfill environment. It is recommended that individuals have a healthy lifestyle, and wear masks in the Benowo landfill environment and local government should be able to carry out the risk management through related agencies to the people lived near Benowo landfill area.

Application of degradation technology of light-emitting diode and auto-monitoring system for harmful substances in farrowing areas of a specific pathogen-free pig farm

In pig farms, disinfectants are applied for the effective cleaning and disinfection regimen. Moreover, the ideal detergents should be left no residue after use which might harbour micro-organisms. Additionally, it should be non-toxic to pigs and must have minimal environmental impacts. Therefore, in order to avoid detergent residues and possible effects on pigs, staffs, and environment, the development of a novel technology without chemicals to kill micro-organisms, degrade atmospheric fine particulate matter and harmful gases in the pig farms is pioneering and future potential. In this study, application of degradation technology of light-emitting diode (LED) and auto-monitoring system for harmful substances in farrowing area of a specific pathogen-free pig farms. The LED light exhibit an antibacterial efficacy of up to 89.1%. They are capable of reducing ammonia concentrations within the environment by 45%, hydrogen sulfide levels by 68.8%, and curbing PM2.5 concentrations by 80%. Collectively, these findings underscore the considerable potential of this degradation technology via visual light in effectively eliminating detrimental substances.

Development of a New Hydrogen Sulfide Fluorescent Probe Based on Coumarin–Chalcone Fluorescence Platform and Its Imaging Application

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), as one of the critical gaseous signaling molecules, has important physiological functions in the human body, and abnormal levels of hydrogen sulfide are closely related to tumors, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and other diseases. In order to enable the detection of H2S in the physiological environment, herein, a new H2S fluorescence probe, named C-HS, based on a coumarin–chalcone fluorescence platform was developed. The fluorescence probe provides specific recognition of H2S within a wide pH detection range (5.5–8.5), a rapid recognition response (within 10 min) for H2S molecules, and a high selectivity for competing species. The probe C-HS possesses low cytotoxicity and is used to achieve the detection of exogenous/ endogenous H2S in living cells, indicating that the constructed probe C-HS has the ability to track changes in intracellular H2S levels. Therefore, probe C-HS could be a potential tool for the early diagnosis of H2S-related diseases.

Elevated Serum Hydrogen Sulfide in Age Related Macular Degeneration

Introduction: Age related macular degeneration is one of the major causes of global blindness and vision impairment. The study was done to determine the levels of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in AMD subjects in the study cohort. Methods: Twenty-six blood samples were collected, 12 control and 14 AMD subjects, the serum obtained from these samples were used for the measurement of H2S by Methylene blue (MB) assay and IL6 using ELISA. Results: We observed that both the levels of H2S and IL6 to be elevated in AMD subjects when compared to control and H2S and IL6 showed a positive correlation. Conclusion: We propose H2S to be a marker in both dry and wet AMD

Serum hydrogen sulphide levels in acute asthmatic children: a case control study

BackgroundIt’s thought that respiratory epithelium-produced reduced hydrogen sulphide (H2S) plays a role in the pathophysiology of acute asthma. In this case–control research, blood H2S levels were examined between matched acutely asthmatic children and non-asthmatic controls. The grade of acute asthma, vital signs and absolute eosinophilic count in the asthmatic children were likewise associated with the blood H2S level.MethodsForty Egyptian asthmatic children had visited the emergency room and forty age- and sex-matched non-asthmatic controls had their blood H2S levels measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsThe serum H2S in the two groups did not differ statistically significantly. Serum H2S and respiratory rate showed a moderately significant inverse connection (r = -0.325, p = 0.041). However, serum H2S and other clinical or laboratory variables exhibited no meaningful relationships. Patients' absolute and percentage eosinophil counts were considerably higher than healthy controls. Serum H2S exhibited a sensitivity of 50% and a specificity of 32.5% for identifying children with acute asthma from non-asthmatic children.ConclusionChildren with asthma and those without asthma had similar serum H2S levels. It has a lousy relationship with respiratory rate. It is indicated that it is an inadequate screening and diagnostic tool since it has low sensitivity (50%) and specificity (32.5%) in differentiating acute asthmatic children.

Hepatic hydrogen sulfide levels are reduced in mouse model of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome.

Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare human disease characterised by accelerated biological ageing. Current treatments are limited, and most patients die before 15 years of age. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an important gaseous signalling molecule that it central to multiple cellular homeostasis mechanisms. Dysregulation of tissue H2S levels is thought to contribute to an ageing phenotype in many tissues across animal models. Whether H2S is altered in HGPS is unknown. We investigated hepatic H2S production capacity and transcript, protein and enzymatic activity of proteins that regulate hepatic H2S production and disposal in a mouse model of HGPS (G609G mice, mutated Lmna gene equivalent to a causative mutation in HGPS patients). G609G mice were maintained on either regular chow (RC) or high fat diet (HFD), as HFD has been previously shown to significantly extend lifespan of G609G mice, and compared to wild type (WT) mice maintained on RC. RC fed G609G mice had significantly reduced hepatic H2S production capacity relative to WT mice, with a compensatory elevation in mRNA transcripts associated with several H2S production enzymes, including cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE). H2S levels and CSE protein were partially rescued in HFD fed G609G mice. As current treatments for patients with HGPS have failed to confer significant improvements to symptoms or longevity, the need for novel therapeutic targets is acute and the regulation of H2S through dietary or pharmacological means may be a promising new avenue for research.

Circulating Levels of Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) in Patients with Age-Related Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenous gasotransmitter that promotes multiple biological effects in many organs and tissues. An imbalanced biosynthesis of H2S has been observed in animal models of age-related pathological conditions. However, the results from human studies are inconsistent. We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis of studies searched in Medline, Embase, Scopus, and CENTRAL databases. We included observational studies on patients with age-related diseases showing levels of H2S in blood, plasma, or serum. All the analyses were carried out with R software. 31 studies were included in the systematic review and 21 in the meta-analysis. The circulating levels of H2S were significantly reduced in patients with progressive, chronic, and degenerative diseases compared with healthy people (standardized mean difference, SMD: -1.25; 95% confidence interval, CI: -1.98; -0.52). When we stratified results by type of disorder, we observed a significant reduction in circulating levels of H2S in patients with vascular disease (e.g., hypertension) (SMD: -1.32; 95% CI: -2.43; -0.22) or kidney disease (SMD: -2.24; 95% CI: -4.40; -0.08) compared with the control group. These results could support the potential use of compounds targeting the "H2S system" to slow down the progression of many diseases in the elderly.

Dose-Dependent Effect of Hydrogen Sulfide in Cyclophosphamide-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats.

Cyclophosphamide is a commonly used anticancer and immunosuppressive agent; however, hepatotoxicity is one of its severe toxicities. Hydrogen sulfide is a gaseous signaling molecule that plays crucial regulatory roles in various physiological functions. This study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of hydrogen sulfide against cyclo phosp hamid e-ind uced hepatic damage in rats. Hepatotoxicity was induced by the single intraperitoneal administration of cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg). Sprague-Dawley rats were treated by hydrogen sulfide donor, sodium hydrosulfide (25, 50, and 100 μmol/kg, intraperitoneal) 7 days before and 7 days after the administration of a single intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg). Cyclo phosp hamide-ind uced hepatotoxicity was evaluated by serum and tissue biochemical and histopathological assessments. The levels of hydrogen sulfide, nitric oxide, cyclic guanosine monophosphate, interleukin 6, and interleukin 10 in liver homogenates were also determined by ELISA. One-way analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used as statistical analyses. Cyclophosphamide increased liver function enzymes (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase), immunoreactivity to caspase-3 and Apaf-1, and proinflammatory cytokines. Cyclophosphamide also induced histopathological alterations including pycnotic nucleus with eosinophilic cytoplasm, increased sinusoidal dilatation, congestion, and edema. Hydrogen sulfide cotreatment significantly reduced cyclo phosp hamid e-ind uced inflammation, histological alterations, and apoptosis in the liver. 50 mg/kg sodium hydrosulfide was more effective against cyclo phosp hamid e-ind uced hepatotoxicity. In conclusion, hydrogen sulfide with its anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects seems to be beneficial as an adjunct to cyclophosphamide treatment to reduce cyclo phosp hamid e-ind uced hepatotoxicity and thereby can be suggested as a promising agent to increase the therapeutic efficacy of cyclophosphamide.

Reactive Sulfur Species Omics Analysis in the Brain Tissue of the 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder whereby oxidative stress augmentation results in mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death by apoptosis. Emerging evidence indicates that reactive sulfur species (RSS), such as glutathione hydropersulfide (GSSH), is endogenously produced, functions as potent antioxidants, and regulate redox signaling through the formation of protein polysulfides. However, the relationship between RSS and AD pathogenesis is not fully understood. In this study, we analyzed endogenous RSS production in the brain tissue of a familial AD model (5xFAD) mouse using multiple RSS-omics approaches. Memory impairment, increased amyloid plaques, and neuroinflammation have been confirmed in 5xFAD mice. Quantitative RSS omics analysis revealed that the total polysulfide content was significantly decreased in the brains of 5xFAD mice, whereas there was no significant difference in the levels of glutathione, GSSH, or hydrogen sulfide between wild-type and 5xFAD mice. In contrast, a significant decline in the protein polysulfide status was observed in the brains of 5xFAD mice, suggesting that RSS production and subsequent redox signaling might be altered during the onset and progression of AD. Our findings have important implications for understanding the significance of RSS in the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies for AD.

Evaluation of halitosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic renal failure, and peptic ulcer

Background: Oral breath can be used as a chairside investigation method in the detection of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), which can serve as a potential biomarker in the early detection of underlying systemic diseases. Aim: The primary aim was to study the hydrogen sulfide levels in oral breath of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic renal failure (CRF), and peptic ulcer disease. Materials and Methods: The study included 100 patients divided into four groups with 25 patients in each group of CRF, COPD, peptic ulcer, and control. The oral breath sample collected from each participant was passed through a sensor in the hydrogen sulfide detector (Tanita, Japan), which registers the level of sulfides. The maximum level attained was determined in parts per billion sulfide equivalents using direct readings from the monitor's digital display. The values obtained were statistically analyzed using statistical tests: Shapiro–Wilk test, analysis of variance, and post hoc analysis. Results: The mean values for the age and hydrogen sulfide scores were as follows: control group (35.16 ± 14.12 and 0.44 ± 1.00), CRF (49.16 ± 13.93 and 2.32 ± 0.98), COPD (48.16 ± 15.58 and 2.40 ± 0.95), and the peptic ulcer (42.36 ± 15.44 and 1.68 ± 1.02). The post hoc analysis for intergroup comparison of mean values reveals that statistically significant (P = 0.001*) differences exist between the control group and the CRF group, the control group and the COPD group, and the control group and the peptic ulcer group. Conclusion: The CRF group had slightly higher hydrogen sulfide measurements among the four groups, indicating the release of more VSCs.

Plasma hydrogen sulfide, nitric oxide, and thiocyanate levels are lower during pregnancy compared to postpartum in a cohort of women from the Pacific northwest of the United States

AimsPregnancy alters multiple physiological processes including angiogenesis, vasodilation, inflammation, and cellular redox, which are partially modulated by the gasotransmitters hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO). In this study, we sought to determine how plasma levels of H2S, NO, and the H2S-related metabolites thiocyanate (SCN−), and methanethiol (CH3SH) change during pregnancy progression. Materials and methodsPlasma was collected from 45 women at three points: 25–28 weeks gestation, 28–32 week gestation, and at ≥3 months postpartum. Plasma levels of H2S, SCN−, and CH3SH were measured following derivatization using monobromobimane followed by LC-MS/MS. Plasma NO was measured indirectly using the Griess reagent. Key findingsNO and SCN− were significantly lower in women at 25–28 weeks gestation and 28–32 weeks gestation than postpartum while plasma H2S levels were significantly lower at 28–32 weeks gestation than postpartum. No significant differences were observed in CH3SH. SignificancePrevious reports demonstrated that the production of H2S and NO are stimulated during pregnancy, but we observed lower levels during pregnancy compared to postpartum. Previous reports on NO have been mixed, but given the related effects of H2S and NO, it is expected that their levels would be higher during pregnancy vs. postpartum. Future studies determining the mechanism for decreased H2S and NO during pregnancy will elucidate the role of these gasotransmitters during normal and pathological progression of pregnancy.

Menopausal Changes in the Microbiome—A Review Focused on the Genitourinary Microbiome

A balanced interaction between the host and its microbiome is crucial to health. Research regarding the significance of the gut and vaginal microbiomes in female health is substantial. However, less data regarding the urinary microbiome are available. Interactions between the gut, vaginal, and urinary microbiomes are also currently being researched. Hormone-induced dysbiosis after menopause is believed to have effects on physical changes and health consequences. Postmenopausal changes in the gut microbiome are associated with increased short-chain fatty acids and hydrogen sulfide levels. Increased vaginal pH caused by reduced estrogen alters the vaginal microbiome, resulting in reduced levels of Lactobacillus. Such changes influence the vaginal structure and functions, contributing to the onset of genitourinary syndrome of menopause. A dysbiosis of the urinary microbiome is associated with urgency and urinary incontinence and also related to interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome and neuropathic bladder. As these diseases commonly affect postmenopausal women, hormone-induced changes in the microbiome may play a role. Menopause increases the alpha diversity of the urinary microbiome and lowers the percentage of Lactobacillus in urine, and such changes precede recurrent cystitis. More research regarding the effects of changes in the urinary microbiome due to menopause on urinary tract diseases is needed.

Effect of selenium on salt signaling and tolerance in Salicornia iranica

The growth of euhalophytes is stimulated in low salt concentrations. However, the signaling events leading to such a positive response to salt have not been investigated so far. To our knowledge, no study has explored the ameliorative effect of selenium (Se) under salinity conditions in halophytes, including euhalophytes. In this research, we studied biomass production, signaling events, and biochemical markers of growth in Salicornia iranica under control, salinity (100 mM as NaCl), and Se (10 µM as Na2SeO4) for four weeks either as single treatments or in combination. Based on the obtained results, salt and Se improved plants’ growth by 2.5 and 1.5-folds, respectively. The highest growth (with up to 4-fold higher biomass compared with control plants) was achieved under the combination of both treatments. According to the data from temporal analyses, the salt treatment declined the leaf nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels, suggesting a down-regulation of defense responses under optimum salt concentrations in this species. Also, Se treatment alone or in combination with salt decreased the H2O2 level. However, similar to salt, it increased hydrogen sulfide levels in the shoot and roots. The activity of antioxidant enzymes suggested catalase as the responsible enzymatic mechanism for the observed H2O2 signal. Both treatments and their combination decreased the content of malondialdehyde and methylglyoxal, attenuated defense response, and enhanced carbon and nitrogen assimilation. Our data showed a synergistic interaction between salt and Se and suggested using Se to improve plants’ productivity and their quality for edible and medicinal purposes.

Effect of Hydrogen Sulfide on Essential Functions of Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes.

Impaired polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) functions contribute to increased infections and cardiovascular diseases in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Uremic toxins reduce hydrogen sulfide (H2S) levels and the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of H2S. Its biosynthesis occurs as a side process of transsulfuration and in the disposal of adenosylhomocysteine, a transmethylation inhibitor and proposed uremic toxin. PMNL chemotaxis was measured by the under-agarose method, phagocytosis, and oxidative burst by flow cytometry in whole blood and apoptosis by determining DNA content by flow cytometry and morphological features by fluorescence microscopy. Sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS), diallyl trisulphide (DATS) and diallyl disulphide (DADS), cysteine, and GYY4137 were used as H2S-producing substances. Increased H2S concentrations did not affect chemotaxis and phagocytosis. NaHS primed PMNL oxidative burst activated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or E. coli. Both DATS and cysteine significantly decreased E. coli-activated oxidative burst but had no effect on PMA stimulation. While NaHS, DADS, and cysteine attenuated PMNL apoptosis, GYY4137 decreased their viability. Experiments with signal transduction inhibitors suggest that the intrinsic apoptosis pathway is mainly involved in GYY4137-induced PMNL apoptosis and that GYY4137 and cysteine target signaling downstream of phosphoinositide 3-kinase.

Hydrogen sulfide donor AP123 restores endothelial nitric oxide-dependent vascular function in hyperglycemia via a CREB-dependent pathway

Diabetes is associated with severe vascular complications involving the impairment of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) as well as cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) activity. eNOS function is suppressed in hyperglycaemic conditions, resulting in reduced NO bioavailability, which is paralleled by reduced levels of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Here we have addressed the molecular basis of the interplay between the eNOS and CSE pathways. We tested the impact of H2S replacement by using the mitochondrial-targeted H2S donor AP123 in isolated vessels and cultured endothelial cells in high glucose (HG) environment, at concentrations not causing any vasoactive effect per se. Aorta exposed to HG displayed a marked reduction of acetylcholine (Ach)-induced vasorelaxation that was restored by the addition of AP123 (10 nM). In HG condition, bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) showed reduced NO levels, downregulation of eNOS expression, and suppression of CREB activation (p-CREB). Similar results were obtained by treating BAEC with propargylglycine (PAG), an inhibitor of CSE. AP123 treatment rescued eNOS expression, as well as NO levels, and restored p-CREB expression in both the HG environment and the presence of PAG. This effect was mediated by a PI3K-dependent activity since wortmannin (PI3K inhibitor) blunted the rescuing effects operated by the H2S donor. Experiments performed in the aorta of CSE−/− mice confirmed that reduced levels of H2S not only negatively affect the CREB pathway but also impair Ach-induced vasodilation, significantly ameliorated by AP123. We have demonstrated that the endothelial dysfunction due to HG involves H2S/PI3K/CREB/eNOS route, thus highlighting a novel aspect of the H2S/NO interplay in the vasoactive response.

Analisis Amonia, Hidrogen Sulfida dan Kebauan Limbah Cair Rumah Potong Hewan Kota Jambi

This study aims to determine the levels of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide contained in wastewater as well as the degree of odor to the environment around the Jambi City Slaughterhouse. The research design used was Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 4 sampling points as treatment, LI (cow and buffalo wastewater), L-II (swine wastewater), L-III (Mixed cow and buffalo liquid waste) , L-IV (Place of discharge of wastewater into public channels) and 4 replications. The observed variables were ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and environmental odor. Test results on the average ammonia content L-I = 124.75 ± 4.99; L-II = 60.25 ± 6.60; L-III = 108.50 ± 7.73 and L-IV = 95.50 ± 6.24. Test results on the average content of hydrogen sulfide L-I = 0.428 ± 0.08; L-II = 0.068 ± 0.10; L-III = 0.063 ± 0.09 and L-IV = 0.010 ± 0.00. The results showed that the ammonia and hydrogen sulfide content at the final outlet to the common channel decreased (P <0.01). From this study it can be concluded that the handling of Jambi City Slaughterhouse liquid waste when viewed from the ammonia and hydrogen sulfide content at the wastewater outlet to the public channels are 95.50 mg / L and 0.01 mg / L, respectively. The level of odor of the Jambi City Slaughterhouse waste was still smelled up to a distance of 178 m from the Slaughterhouse complex to community housing. Almost all respondents agreed that the level of odor that was smelled up to the level of odor, even from some respondents stated that the waste originating from Slaughterhouse was very smelly.

Diversity and Comparison of Intestinal Desulfovibrio in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis and Healthy People

Desulfovibrio belongs to Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), which are widely present in anaerobic environments, including the human gut. Desulfovibrio has been associated with many human diseases, including chronic liver disease. However, the characteristics and difference of Desulfovibrio from fecal samples of healthy volunteers (HV) and patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) have not been fully elucidated. Here, we isolated Desulfovibrio from the feces of 6 HV and 9 LC, and 88 Desulfovibrio strains were obtained. In the feces of HV, 55% of isolated strains were D. desulfuricans, followed by D. intestinalis (15%), D. simplex (11%), D. piger (9%), D. legallii (4%), Cupidesulfovibrio oxamicus (4%) and D. fairfieldensis (2%). However, only D. desulfuricans (60%) and C. oxamicus (40%) were isolated from fecal samples of patients with LC. Our results suggest that there was a significant difference in the desulfurization ability and the H2S production ability of different Desulfovibrio. Desulfovibrio. Furthermore, we found that Desulfovibrio isolated from the patients with LC generally had a higher hydrogen sulfide production capacity, gastrointestinal tolerance, and levels of antibiotic resistance than the same species isolated from HV. Our findings suggested that Desulfovibrio may be associated with the occurrence and development of liver cirrhosis.