Food Consumption Levels Research Articles

CRITERIA FOR THE PROTECTION OF POPULATION AFTER RADIATION ACCIDENT: FOOD CONSUMPTION STRUCTURE AND PECULIARITIES OF THE INTERNAL DOSES FORMATION OF VARIOUS AGE GROUPS OF THE POPULATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The aim of the work is to assess the compliance of the possible doses to the population of the Russian Federation, calculated on the basis of current data on the levels of food consumption with the activity concentration corresponding to the intervention «A», according to NRB-99/2009, the dose criteria for making decisions on limiting food consumption. Estimates are made for the situation of contamination of the main food products (milk, potatoes, vegetables, meat, fruits and fish) with the cesium-137 and strontium-90 activity concentration of 1000 Bq / kg and 100 Bq / kg, respectively. It is shown that, taking into account the current data on the levels of consumption of various food products, the calculated doses for all age groups of the population do not exceed the NRB-99/2009 dose criterion of 5 mSv with the consumption of any of the listed foods within the first year after the accident, as for cesium-137, and for strontium-90. The results obtained can be used to justify the temporary permissible levels of the cesium-137 and strontium-90 contamination of one or more food products.

Regional peculiarities and tendencies of entrepreneurship development in agriculture

The article deals with regional characteristics and trends of entrepreneurship in agriculture. When forming an agrarian policy, it is important to take into account the soil-climatic and economic conditions, the possibilities of balanced provision of material and technical resources, the volumes of production and consumption of agricultural products, since it is acceptable for one region and may be unsuitable for another. The combination of natural, socio-economic, demographic, and historical aspects of the activities of market makes adjustments to the formation of the regional food market and its functioning. Existing circumstances have caused the socioeconomic need to form regional markets and ensure the adequacy of industrial, agricultural production and service sectors for intra-regional and interregional exchanges. The rational expansion of production and consumption of products and services in the region provides for their cheapening as a result of savings associated with distribution, primarily transportation costs, and increased of interregional competition. The market of agricultural products, like any other products, is determined first of all, demand and supply. Demand for products in each region is formed under the influence of a set of factors. First of all, it is the number of people who live in this region. Its value and age structure determine the required supply volumes, as well as the structure and range of agricultural products. The next factor that affects demand is the different levels of income and the source of income. An important factor in the formation of local traditions demand is people that define the type of nutrition of inhabitants, their culture and, accordingly, form the level and structure of food consumption. The proposal in the form of volumes of production depends, first of all, on the conditions of entrepreneurial activity in the agricultural sector, the structural construction of agriculture, its relations with other spheres, the availability and state of development of market infrastructure, etc. All these are the conditions that have certain features in specific region and areas, and must form the subject of research. The system of optimal functioning of the regional and local economy requires the exact consideration of the specific conditions of economic activity, resource opportunities and market relations at the microeconomic level, in order to provide for intensive economic development. This leads to a more detailed consideration of the features that affect the functioning of the agricultural market and the development of forms of entrepreneurial activity.

Hubungan Status Sosial Ekonomi dengan Tingkat Konsumsi Fast Food pada Remaja

Modernization has brought negative impact to the public, including in adolescents directly or indirectly, that has directed the diversion a healthy diet. Adolescent are required to more selective in choosing food products consumed. Fast food is food containing high in calories, fat and low fibers. To know the relationship of socioeconomic status with fast food consumption levels among adolescents in Mataram city. The study was observational studies with cross sectional design. The samples as many as 373 students. Dependent variable was the consumption of fast food, and the independent variable was socioeconomic status. The instruments used were questionnaire and FFQ. Data analysis by means of descriptive, and Chi Square test (χ²). Based on the duration per week, there was a relationship between socio-economic status with the western fast food consumption levels (p = 0.00) and local fast food (p = 0.00). Moreover, adolescents with prosperous socioeconomic status have a higher consumption of fast food was very high with a duration of 1 time/week and 2 times/week. While based on the frequency, there was a significant relationship between socioeconomic status with western fast food consumption levels with p = 0.00 and local fast food with p = 0.00 influence of friends was significant with western fast food consumption levels in adolescents (p = 0.002). The habit of eating at home (lunch with p = 0.007) and the effect of mass media was significant with the local fast food consumption levels (p = 0.04).
 Adolescents with a prosperous socioeconomic status have greater opportunities to consume fast food than in adolescents with socioeconomic status were less prosperous.

Abstract P6-09-12: A functional single nucleotide polymorphisms in ABCC11, rs17822931, is associated with the risk of breast cancer in Japanese

Abstract Background: ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters are members of membrane protein of transporters, genetic variations of which may influence their activity. ABCC11, a member of ABC transporters, has been known to export steroid sulfates such as E2-17bG and E3S that are precursor of active estradiol. Therefore, rs17822931, a functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the ABCC11, may play a role in carcinogenesis of breast cancer (BC) via estrogen exposure. Three previous studies about the association of this polymorphism with BC risk reported inconsistent results. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association between ABCC11 rs17822931 and BC risk in a Japanese population. Subjects and Methods: We conducted a case-control study in 697 BC patients and 1394 age- and menopausal status- matched controls within the framework of the Hospital-based Epidemiological Research Program at Aichi Cancer Center II (HERPACC II). The odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) were calculated using the conditional logistic model adjusted for potential confounders to evaluate the association. We evaluated heterogeneity by BC subtype using Cochran's Q test, and that by estrogen exposure by multiplicative assumption in the conditional logistic regression model, which included an interaction term for genotype and estrogen exposure variable. Results: Compared with A-allele, G allele was inversely associated with BC risk (a per allele OR=0.76, 95% CI, 0.61–0.94, P = 0.012). In the stratified analysis, we found that this association was observed only in estrogen receptor (ER) positive BC. A per-allele OR for ER positive BC was 0.65 (95% CI 0.49–0.86) while that for ER negative BC was 1.10 (95% CI 0.77-1.72). We found a statistically significant heterogeneity by ER status (p for interaction = 0.047). We did not observe any heterogeneity in the stratified analysis by other tumor characteristics. When stratifying by factors related with estrogen exposure, we found that this polymorphism had a different impact on BC risk by levels of exposure. Compared to women with low exposure to estrogen, those with high exposure had a stronger impact of this polymorphism. Per allele ORs for women who had ever and never breastfeeding were 0.82 (95% CI, 0.65-1.04) and 0.45 (0.26-0.79), respectively. We found suggestive heterogeneity between rs17822931 and history of breastfeeding on BC risk (p for interaction = 0.093). Interestingly, we found heterogeneous impact of rs17822931 by the levels of soy food consumption which is well known that may exert their effects as estrogen antagonists (p=0.005). We observed that ORs for >50, 30-49 and <30g/day of soy intake were 0.98 (0.65-1.46), 0.82 (0.59-1.14) and 0.45 (0.29-0.69), respectively. Conclusion: Current case-control study showed the significant association between rs17822931 and the risk of BC, especially ER-positive BC, in Japanese women. Compared to women with low estrogen efflux activity with A allele, those with high efflux activity with G allele may have a lower risk of BC, especially in women with high estrogen exposure. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the association between rs17822931 on ABCC11 and risk of BC considering levels of estrogen exposure. Citation Format: Ishiguro J, Ito H, Tsukamo M, Iwata H, Nakagawa H, Matsuo K. A functional single nucleotide polymorphisms in ABCC11, rs17822931, is associated with the risk of breast cancer in Japanese [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-09-12.

Environmental Impacts of Plant-Based Diets: How Does Organic Food Consumption Contribute to Environmental Sustainability?

Studies investigating diet-related environmental impacts have rarely considered the production method of the foods consumed. The objective of the present study, based on the NutriNet-Santé cohort, was to investigate the relationship between a provegetarian score and diet-related environmental impacts. We also evaluated potential effect modifications on the association between a provegetarian score and the environmental impacts of organic food consumption. Food intake and organic food consumption ratios were obtained from 34,442 French adults using a food frequency questionnaire, which included information on organic food consumption for each group. To characterize the overall structure of the diets, a provegetarian score was used to identify preferences for plant-based products as opposed to animal-based products. Moreover, three environmental indicators were used to assess diet-related environmental impacts: greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, cumulative energy demand (CED), and land occupation. Environmental impacts were assessed using production life cycle assessment (LCA) at the farm level. Associations between provegetarian score quintiles, the level of organic food consumption, and environmental indicators were analyzed using ANCOVAs adjusted for energy, sex, and age. Participants with diets rich in plant-based foods (fifth quintile) were more likely to be older urban dwellers, to hold a higher degree in education, and to be characterized by an overall healthier lifestyle and diet. A higher provegetarian score was associated with lower environmental impacts (GHG emissionsQ5vsQ1 = 838/1,664 kg CO2eq/year, -49.6%, P < 0.0001; CEDQ5vsQ1 = 4,853/6,775 MJ/year, -26.9%, P < 0.0001; land occupationQ5vsQ1 = 2,420/4,138 m2/year, -41.5%, P < 0.0001). Organic food consumption was also an important modulator of the relationship between provegetarian dietary patterns and environmental impacts but only among participants with diets rich in plant-based products. Future field studies should endeavor to integrate all the components of a sustainable diet, i.e., both diet composition and production methods.

Contribution to the understanding of how principal component analysis–derived dietary patterns emerge from habitual data on food consumption

ABSTRACTBackgroundPrincipal component analysis (PCA) is a widely used exploratory method in epidemiology to derive dietary patterns from habitual diet. Such dietary patterns seem to originate from intakes on multiple days and eating occasions. Therefore, analyzing food intake of study populations with different levels of food consumption can provide additional insights as to how habitual dietary patterns are formed.ObjectiveWe analyzed the food intake data of German adults in terms of the relations among food groups from three 24-h dietary recalls (24hDRs) on the habitual, single-day, and main-meal levels, and investigated the contribution of each level to the formation of PCA-derived habitual dietary patterns.DesignThree 24hDRs were collected in 2010–2012 from 816 adults for an European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)–Potsdam subcohort study. We identified PCA-derived habitual dietary patterns and compared cross-sectional food consumption data in terms of correlation (Spearman), consistency (intraclass correlation coefficient), and frequency of consumption across all days and main meals. Contribution to the formation of the dietary patterns was obtained through Spearman correlation of the dietary pattern scores.ResultsAmong the meals, breakfast appeared to be the most consistent eating occasion within individuals. Dinner showed the strongest correlations with “Prudent” (Spearman correlation = 0.60), “Western” (Spearman correlation = 0.59), and “Traditional” (Spearman correlation = 0.60) dietary patterns identified on the habitual level, and lunch showed the strongest correlations with the “Cereals and legumes” (Spearman correlation = 0.60) habitual dietary pattern.ConclusionsHigher meal consistency was related to lower contributions to the formation of PCA-derived habitual dietary patterns. Absolute amounts of food consumption did not strongly conform to the habitual dietary patterns by meals, suggesting that these patterns are formed by complex combinations of variable food consumption across meals. Dinner showed the highest contribution to the formation of habitual dietary patterns. This study provided information about how PCA-derived dietary patterns are formed and how they could be influenced.

Hybrid modelling of the consumption of organic foods in Iran using exploratory factor analysis and an artificial neural network

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore a hybrid model of the consumption of organic foods, combining the use of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and an artificial neural network (ANN).Design/methodology/approachThe study has three phases. In the first phase, the Delphi method is employed, and 15 motives for the consumption of organic food are identified; these motives are used to develop the model in the second phase. Finally, in the last phase, an ANN is used to rank the motives to determine their priority.FindingsThe EFA model explored includes four factors that have a positive effect on the level of organic food consumption. These are naturalness, trust, sanitariness and marketing. Results from the use of an ANN indicate that the main variables in organic food consumption are claims, psychological variables and doubt. From the results of the EFA model it is clear these three variables are components of the factor of trust.Practical implicationsMarketers can use the model developed in this paper to satisfy the needs of their customers and hence enhance their market share and profitability. This study shows that improvements in truth in the claims made for organic products, perceived security from using these products and doubts about the safety of other foods can lead marketers to their goal. Informative advertisements can inculcate trust and naturalness among consumers as main factors.Originality/valueThe main contribution of this study is the light it sheds on how consumers think about organic foods. It develops a model incorporating motives for consuming organic food and determining the priorities held by consumers of organic foods.

Climate Resilience Pathways of Rural Households. Evidence from Ethiopia

This paper explores the resilience capacity of rural Ethiopian households after the drought shock occurred in 2011. The work develops an original empirical framework able to capture the policy and socio-economic determinants of households’ resilience capacity by making parametric statistical assumption on the resilience distribution. To this end, the analysis employs a two-wave representative panel dataset aligned with detailed weather records while controlling for a large set of household- and community-level characteristics. The analysis shows that the majority of these factors affects significantly resilience capacity only in the group of households affected by the drought shock, suggesting that the observed effect relates to the adaptive capacity enabled by these factors, rather than a simple welfare effect. Three policy indications emerge from the findings of the empirical model. First, government support programmes, such as the PSNP, appear to sustain households’ resilience by helping them to reach the level of pre-shock total consumption, but have no impact on the food-consumption resilience. Secondly, the “selling out assets strategy” affects positively on households’ resilience, but only in terms of food consumption. Finally, the of informal institutions, such as social networks providing financial support, sharply increases households’ resilience by them to reach pre-shock levels of food and total consumption. Policies incentivizing the formation of these networks, through the participation of households to agricultural cooperative, agricultural associations, or community projects, may also help farmers in recovering their wealth level after a weather shock.

Pattern of Junk Food Consumption and its Relationship with Body Mass Index, with a view to Develop and Evaluate the Effectiveness of Information Booklet on ‘Harmful Effects of Junk Food’ among Adolescents

Adolescent fitness requires well balanced diet but their unhealthy food preferences like consumption of junk food leads to various health concerns. A two phased research was conducted in which phase I including descriptive survey to assess relationship of pattern junk food consumption with body mass index among adolescents and phase II included pre-experimental one group pre-test post-test design to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of information booklet on ‘Harmful effects of junk food’ among adolescents. Data was obtained from 200 adolescents in Phase-I and 56 adolescents in Phase-II. Simple random sampling technique and Total enumeration sampling technique was adopted for Phase-I and Phase-II respectively. The data were collected with the help of standard weighing machine and height scale, Junk food consumption scale and Structured knowledge questionnaire. CDC-2000 growth charts for children and adolescents aged 2–20 years were used to classify adolescents overweight and obese. More than half of the adolescents had moderate level of junk food consumption pattern where as 23.5%, 20.5% and 4.5% of the adolescents had high level, mild level and very high level of junk food consumption. The 20% of adolescents were overweight where as 7.5% of adolescents were obese. There was statistically significant association between the body mass index and pattern of junk food consumption of the adolescents (Chi2 value 103.73 at 0.05 level). Mean post test knowledge scores were higher (23.8) than pre test knowledge scores (17.3) and found to be statistically significantly different (t = 17.6 at 0.05 levels of significance). The findings of the study revealed that information booklet was effective in enhancing the knowledge of adolescents on harmful effects of junk food.

Потребление продуктов питания медицинскими работниками Свердловской области (по данным бюджетных обследований 1957 года)

The article is devoted to the subject insufficiently developed in the national historiography. The study is conducted on materials of State archive of Sverdlovsk region and archive of the Territorial body of Federal state statistics service for Sverdlovsk region with the assistance of scientific and statistic literature. The relevance of the topic is determined by its importance for the social sciences. The study of the level of food consumption by health care workers of the Sverdlovsk region in 1957 is made. Scientific novelty of the research is seen in the fact that the new materials discovered by the author in mentioned archives are introduced into scientific usage. It is noted that proposed work continues the already published author’s article devoted to the monetary income of health workers. It is stated that for the “minor” categories of the population (primary and secondary school teachers, doctors, nurses and others), the statistical authorities usually propose low-representative samples. It is emphasized that neither people under studying, nor their family members were not abusing alcoholic beverages. It is stated that there was a rather serious differentiation of the surveyed health workers in terms of food consumption. It is argued that the level of their food consumption, taking into account the situation in the country, should be assessed: for physician - as generally sufficient, for other respondents - as insufficient. It is concluded that the level of consumption of food was significantly lower than scientifically based standards.

Neonicotinoid pesticides and nutritional stress synergistically reduce survival in honey bees.

The honey bee is a major pollinator whose health is of global concern. Declines in bee health are related to multiple factors, including resource quality and pesticide contamination. Intensive agricultural areas with crop monocultures potentially reduce the quality and quantity of available nutrients and expose bee foragers to pesticides. However, there is, to date, no evidence for synergistic effects between pesticides and nutritional stress in animals. The neonicotinoids clothianidin (CLO) and thiamethoxam (TMX) are common systemic pesticides that are used worldwide and found in nectar and pollen. We therefore tested if nutritional stress (limited access to nectar and access to nectar with low-sugar concentrations) and sublethal, field-realistic acute exposures to two neonicotinoids (CLO and TMX at 1/5 and 1/25 of LD50) could alter bee survival, food consumption and haemolymph sugar levels. Bee survival was synergistically reduced by the combination of poor nutrition and pesticide exposure (-50%). Nutritional and pesticide stressors reduced also food consumption (-48%) and haemolymph levels of glucose (-60%) and trehalose (-27%). Our results provide the first demonstration that field-realistic nutritional stress and pesticide exposure can synergistically interact and cause significant harm to animal survival. These findings have implications for current pesticide risk assessment and pollinator protection.

Intracerebroventricular infusion of angiotensin AT2 receptor agonist novokinin aggravates some diabetes-mellitus-induced alterations in Wistar rats.

Cumulative data suggest the significant role of the renin-angiotensin system in the development of the pathological consequences of diabetes mellitus (DM). Newly synthesized AT2 receptor agonists gained importance as a target for creating new antihypertensives. The aim of the present work was to study the effects of peptide AT2 agonist novokinin, infused intracerebroventricularly, on the consequences of the streptozotocin-induced type 1 DM (T1DM) in Wistar rats. Food and water consumption, body mass, urine excretion (metabolic cages), motor activity (open-field test), anxiety (elevated plus maze), nociception (paw pressure analgesimeter test), spatial memory (T-maze alternation test), and plasma levels of glucose and corticosterone (ELISA) were assessed 2 weeks after the T1DM induction. Novokinin increased water and food consumption, as well as urine output, and reduced mass gain in the control rats. Diabetic rats demonstrated hyperalgesia, increased level of plasma corticosterone, decreased motor and exploratory activity, and impaired spatial memory. Novokinin infusion increased water intake, diuresis, and mortality rate, decreased food intake, exacerbated diabetes-induced hyperalgesia, and provoked anxiety-like behavior but improved spatial memory in diabetic rats. These initial data suggest that angiotensin AT2 receptors participate in the pathogenesis of T1DM-induced complications in the function of the nervous system.

Circadian disruption promotes tumor growth by anabolic host metabolism; experimental evidence in a rat model

BackgroundLight at night creates a conflicting signal to the biological clock and disrupts circadian physiology. In rodents, light at night increases the risk to develop mood disorders, overweight, disrupted energy metabolism, immune dysfunction and cancer. We hypothesized that constant light (LL) in rats may facilitate tumor growth via disrupted metabolism and increased inflammatory response in the host, inducing a propitious microenvironment for tumor cells.MethodsMale Wistar rats were exposed to LL or a regular light-dark cycle (LD) for 5 weeks. Body weight gain, food consumption, triglycerides and glucose blood levels were evaluated; a glucose tolerance test was also performed. Inflammation and sickness behavior were evaluated after the administration of intravenous lipopolysaccharide. Tumors were induced by subcutaneous inoculation of glioma cells (C6). In tumor-bearing rats, the metabolic state and immune cells infiltration to the tumor was investigated by using immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. The mRNA expression of genes involved metabolic, growth, angiogenes and inflammatory pathways was measured in the tumor microenvironment by qPCR. Tumor growth was also evaluated in animals fed with a high sugar diet.ResultsWe found that LL induced overweight, high plasma triglycerides and glucose levels as well as reduced glucose clearance. In response to an LPS challenge, LL rats responded with higher pro-inflammatory cytokines and exacerbated sickness behavior. Tumor cell inoculation resulted in increased tumor volume in LL as compared with LD rats, associated with high blood glucose levels and decreased triglycerides levels in the host. More macrophages were recruited in the LL tumor and the microenvironment was characterized by upregulation of genes involved in lipogenesis (Acaca, Fasn, and Pparγ), glucose uptake (Glut-1), and tumor growth (Vegfα, Myc, Ir) suggesting that LL tumors rely on these processes in order to support their enhanced growth. Genes related with the inflammatory state in the tumor microenvironment were not different between LL and LD conditions. In rats fed a high caloric diet tumor growth was similar to LL conditions.ConclusionsData indicates that circadian disruption by LL provides a favorable condition for tumor growth by promoting an anabolic metabolism in the host.

Food security implications of staple food substitution in Sahelian West Africa

Low-income households in Sahelian West Africa face multiple shocks that risk compressing their already-low food consumption levels. This paper develops a multi-market simulation model to evaluate the impact of common production and world-price shocks on food consumption of vulnerable groups in Sahelian West Africa. Empirical analysis confirms that poor households bear the brunt of ensuing consumption risks, particularly in closed markets, where trade barriers restrict imports, and the poor find themselves in a bidding war with richer consumers for limited food supplies. In the absence of trade, a drought that reduces domestic rainfed cereal production by 20% would compress already low calorie consumption of the rural poor by as much as 15%, four times as much as other household groups. Conversely, a 50% spike in world rice prices hits the urban poor hardest, compressing calorie consumption by up to 8%.Policy responses need to focus on two basic mechanisms that can help to moderate this pressure – consumer substitution among staple foods and trade. Immediately south of the Sahel, coastal West African countries enjoy higher rainfall, dual rainy seasons, more stable staple food production based on root crops (cassava and yams) as well as frequent double cropping of maize.Our simulation results suggest that regional trade in maize, yams and cassava-based prepared foods like gari and attieké could fill over one-third of the consumption shortfall resulting from a major drought in the Sahel. Increasing substitutability across starchy staples, for example through expansion of maize, cassava and sorghum-based convenience foods, would further moderate consumption pressure by expanding the array of food alternatives and hence supply responses available during periods of stress.

Using Shaping to Increase Foods Consumed by Children with Autism.

The current study used differential reinforcement and shaping to increase the variety of foods accepted by children with autism who demonstrated significant feeding inflexibility. Participants were introduced to four new food items via a hierarchical exposure, which involved systematically increasing the desired response with the food item. Level of food consumption was evaluated using a combined multiple baseline plus changing criterion design. Following intervention, all participants accepted all foods targeted, expanding upon the number of foods consumed.

ANALISIS HUBUNGAN PROPORSI KONSUMSI MAKANAN DENGAN BERBAGAI STRATIFIKASI PENDAPATAN PERKAPITA DI PROPINSI JAWA TENGAH PADA TAHUN 2001

Based on macroeconomic, it is known that consumption is influenced by income. Thar is what forms the background of this research. By using Chi square analysis, it seems that there is relation between PDRB per capita and level of food consumption in many regencies and cities in East Java with positive relationship direction.

Serum pharmacokinetics and coagulation aberration induced by sodium dehydroacetate in male and female Wistar rats

Sodium dehydroacetate (Na-DHA) is used as a preservative in food, animal feeds and cosmetics. Severe haemorrhage in organs and prolongation of coagulation factors in Sprague–Dawley rats has been reported upon oral administration of Na-DHA. We investigated alterations in coagulation parameters and serum pharmacokinetics upon Na-DHA administration. Wistar rats were administered Na-DHA (50–200 mg/kg, p.o.). Weight gain, food consumption, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), serum levels of Vitamin k (Vk)1, and serum levels of Na-DHA were measured, and histopathology undertaken. Significant reductions in body weight, food consumption and serum levels of Vk1, as well as prolonged PT and APTT, were observed. Females were significantly different from males in terms of serum Na-DHA concentration. Congestion in hepatic sinusoids, renal tubules and spleen, as well as haemorrhage in lung alveoli, gastric mucosa, intestinal mucosa and cardiac muscle cells, were observed by histopathological analyses. Correlation of serum Na-DHA via PT and APTT, as well as serum Vk1 via PT and APTT, in females was better than that in males. Female rats are more sensitive than males to Na-DHA. Hence, Na-DHA can induce coagulation aberration in Wistar rats, with higher sensitivity seen in females than males.

Assessing junk food consumption among Australian children: trends and associated characteristics from a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe ubiquitous supply of junk foods in our food environment has been partly blamed for the increased rates in overweight and obesity. However, consumption of these foods has generally been examined individually perhaps obscuring the true extent of their combined consumption and impact on health. An overall measure of children’s junk food consumption may prove useful in the development of child obesity prevention strategies. We describe the development of a children’s Junk Food Intake Measure (JFIM) to summarise temporal change in junk food consumption and examine the association between the JFIM and health-related behaviours.MethodsCross-sectional population surveillance survey of Australian children age 5–16 years collected in 2010 and 2015. Data were collected by questionnaire with parent’s proxy reporting for children in years K, 2 and 4 and children in years 6, 8 and 10 by self-report. Information on diet, screen-time and physical activity was collected using validated questionnaires. The JFIM comprised consumption of fried potato products, potato crisps/salty snacks, sweet and savoury biscuits/cakes/doughnuts, confectionary and, ice cream/ice blocks.ResultsA total of 7565 (missing = 493, 6.1%) and 6944 (missing n = 611, 8.1%) children had complete data on consumption of junk foods, in 2010 and 2015, respectively. The 2015 survey data showed that among students from high socio-economic status neighbourhoods, there were fewer high junk food consumers than low junk food consumers. Children from Middle Eastern cultural backgrounds had higher junk food consumption. High junk food consumers were more likely to consume take-away ≥3/week, eat dinner in front of the television, receive sweet rewards, be allowed to consume snacks anytime, have soft drinks available at home and a TV in their bedroom. There was a lower proportion of high junk food consumers in 2015 compared to 2010.ConclusionThis is the first study to provide and examine a summary measure of overall junk food consumption among Australian children. The results indicate that junk food consumption among Australian children is lower in 2015, compared with 2010. Still, the public health workforce must continue their efforts as levels of junk food consumption remain of concern among Australian children.

Energi dan Zat Gizi dalam Penyelenggaraan makanan di Taman Kanak-Kanak dan Perbandingannya terhadap Subjek Tanpa Penyelenggaraan Makanan

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to calculate the contribution of nutrient availability in kindergarten food service to the fulfillment of energy and nutrient requirements as well as to analyze the difference in energy and nutrient adequacy level of food consumption in a day between samples with and without food service. The study used comparative cross sectional study design with total of 80 samples that were divided into two groups by with and without food service. Consumption data of the samples were collected with a food recall method. Nutrients that meet the standards adequacy of nutrients in the menu was just calcium by 64.6% of availability. There was no difference in the level of adequacy of energy, protein, fat, carbohydrates, calcium, and vitamin C in both groups (p>0.1), but differences in the level of adequacy of iron in both groups (p 0,1), kecuali pada tingkat kecukupan zat besi (p<0,1). Kata kunci: anak TK, daya terima, ketersediaan zat gizi, pelayanan makanan, tingkat kecukupan zat gizi

PENGARUH TINGKAT KONSUMSI ENERGI, PROTEIN, LEMAK, DAN STATUS KECACINGAN TERHADAP STATUS GIZI PADA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI 01 LIMPAKUWUS

School age is the important period of human life and the quality have to be prepared well. The school age children is susceptible to malnutrition. Malnutrition among school age children will implicatethe children�s development and further potential development in that age. Food consumption levels and worm infection status are the two most affected factors to nutritional status of children school. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of energy, protein, fat and worm inflectional status to the nutritional status of SDN 01 Limpakuwus�s student in Sumbang, Banyumas. This research was cross sectional study approach,used purposive sampling with inclusion and exclusion criteria in 44 respondents. Analysis conducted by univariate, bivariate (Spearman rank) and multivariate (multiple logistic regression).Multivariate analysis showed the variables that influenced nutritional status is the level of fat consumption (p=0.022), and the variable did not affect the nutritional status are the level of energy consumption (p=0.999), protein consumption level (p=0.580), and worm infection status (p = 0.661). The suggestion is to get more food that can fulfil the energy, protein, fat needs and make the canteen in the school becomes a healthy canteen that serves healthy and nutritious meal.