Fasting Blood Glucose Levels Research Articles

Consumption of Purple Sweet Potato Snack Bar and Self Help Group for Blood Glucose Levels in Patients Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world, occurs when insulin production in the pancreas is insufficient or when insulin cannot be used effectively by the body, so that blood sugar levels exceed the normal range. The increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus from year to year has increased significantly. Currently, diet management, exercise and the use of pharmacological therapy are options in the management of diabetes mellitus. In addition to this therapy, there is therapy by giving purple sweet potato snack bars and self help groups. Purpose: to prove the effectiveness of the intervention of a combination of purple sweet potato snack bar and self help group on fasting blood glucose levels of respondents with diabetes mellitus.Methods: This research is a true experimental study with a pretest-posttest design. This study had 60 respondents who were divided into 2 groups and were taken using non-probability sampling techniques with the stratified random sampling method. The study was conducted on March 12, 2022 – June 3, 2022. In this study, statistical analysis was carried out computerized. The pre-test post-test difference test uses the Wilcoxon test. Difference test between groups using Mann-Whitney. Results: This study showed that a significant difference before being given treatment with purple sweet potato snack bars 2x32 grams/3 days a week for 21 days and self-help group therapy for 3 meetings in 21 days showed a significant decrease from 173.30 mg/dl. to 130.03 mg/dl with a delta difference of - 43.267 mg/dl in the intervention group, while the control group also decreased after giving self help group therapy for 3 meetings in 21 days showing a decrease from 189.53 mg/dl to 163.83 mg/dl with a delta difference of -25,700 mg/dl (p = 0.033). Conclusion: Treatment in the form of purple sweet potato snack bar intervention and self help group had an effect on reducing fasting blood sugar levels of respondents with type II diabetes mellitus. type II diabetes mellitus patient.

Fabrication of losartan-loaded chitosan-cloaked dopamine nanoparticles for improving diabetic nephropathy via regulation of oxidative stress and blood glucose

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a significant problem for people with diabetes, and its progression is strongly associated with oxidative stress induced by high blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia). This study presents a novel type of losartan-loaded chitosan-cloaked dopamine nanoparticles (CSDLNPs). It can specifically aggregate in damaged kidneys, lower blood glucose levels, and ameliorate the damage caused by oxidative stress. CSDLNPs exhibit excellent dispersion physiological stability and sensitive release under an acidic pH milieu. Additionally, they have potent scavenging capabilities against a wide range of reactive nitrogen and oxygen radicals. Furthermore, in vitro, investigations validate that CSDLNPs exhibit superior biocompatibility, facilitate specific absorption in the HK-2 proximal tubule epithelial cell line, and effectively mitigate oxidative stress generated by high hyperglycemia. Following CSDLNPs treatment, DN exhibits a reduction in fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels and a restoration of urine and blood indices to levels close to normal. The H&E pathological staining results demonstrate that CSDLNPs effectively suppress collagen deposition, glycogen accumulation, and renal interstitium enlargement, indicating remarkable therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, dopamine is a drug carrier and antioxidant without needing an external carrier, demonstrating superior biosafety and potential for translation to diabetic nephropathy.

Hypoglyceamic and Hepatoprotective Potentials of Dichloromethane (DCM) Fraction of Gongronema Latifolium Extract in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats

Diabetes is a chronic health issue with devastating but preventable consequences. The increasing proportion of the aging population, intake of calorie-dense diets, weight problems and sedentary lifestyles have been directly implicated in the increased number of diabetics globally. Furthermore, diabetes confers a huge economic burden due to its management costs, especially in low income countries. This study investigated the hypoglyceamic and hepatoprotective potentials of the dichloromethane (DCM) fraction of G. latifolium stem bark extract on some biochemical parameters in streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats. A total of thirty (30) Wistar rats were randomly assigned into five (5) groups with six (06) animals per group. Type 2 diabetes was induced with intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin in Groups 2 – 4, with animals in Groups 1 and 2 acting as normal and untreated diabetic controls, respectively. Group 3 rats were treated with the standard drug, metformin, while groups 4 and 5 were orally administered 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight of DCM fraction of G. latifolium stem bark extract. Changes in the body weight, biochemical assays (ALT, AST, total protein, albumin and urea), and expression levels of selected genetic markers, as well as the changes in liver histology, were determined and compared. Data obtained from this study show that the fasting blood glucose levels in hyperglycemic rats were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced, and the body weight steadily increased in rats treated with both doses of the DCM fraction of G. latifolium stem bark extract compared to the untreated diabetic rats. Total protein, AST and ALT levels, but not albumin levels, were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in rats treated with both doses of the extract. In addition, administration of the extracts significantly (p < 0.05) reversed the streptozotocin-induced repression of NRF2 and CAT expression in diabetic rats. Furthermore, histology results show an improvement in the liver architecture in the rats treated with the extract. The results from this study show that the DCM fraction of g. Latifolium stem bark extract possesses hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective and anti-diabetic activities and could be used in the management of diabetes.

Changes in screening, diagnosis, management, and outcomes of gestational diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review

BackgroundGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common medical complication of pregnancy, and it can lead to complications for the mother and the infant/fetus. This was especially evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the present systematic review aimed to describe the changes in screening, diagnosis, management, and outcomes of gestational diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic. MethodsThe systematic review was conducted from December 2019 until January 1, 2022. To find articles related to the purpose of the study, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and WHO were searched using relevant and validated keywords using MeSH/Emtree. ResultsIn total, 675 entries were ascertained from the database inquiry, and 17 scholarly works were deemed suitable for inclusion in the final review. The salient conclusions derived from this review were as follows: (a) During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a significant decrease in the use of OGTTs and a rise in the use of HbA1c assays for both GDM screening and diagnosing. (b) A predominant number of physicians incorporated some variation of telemedicine to remotely supervise and conduct follow-up evaluations of patients with GDM. Various strategies are presented for the provision of prenatal care to women afflicted with GDM, such as concentrating on high-risk demographics, the initiation of lifestyle modifications at early stages, and the implementation of remote patient monitoring techniques. The 'single test procedure' is identified as the most suitable for the preliminary screening of GDM. The OGTT should be assigned clinical precedence in patients at high risk during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) was established as the primary management strategy, and the most influential determinant of the transition from dietary adjustments to pharmacotherapy was the Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) levels during the second trimester. ConclusionSuggested strategies for GDM screening and management during the pandemic integrated into routine antenatal care, emphasized the importance of remote diabetes education and technology utilization during health emergencies.

Effectiveness of switching from first-generation basal insulin to Glargine 300 U/mL in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: results from the ISPED CARD database.

Glargine 300 U/mL (Gla-300) has been recently approved for use in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, real-world effectiveness data are scarce, and aim of this analysis was to assess clinical outcomes in young patients with T1D switching from 1st generation basal insulin (1BI) to Gla-300. ISPED CARD is a retrospective, multicenter study, based on data anonymously extracted from Electronic Medical Records. The study involved a network of 20 pediatric diabetes centers. Data on all patients aged < 18years with T1D switching from 1BI to Gla-300 were analyzed to assess clinical characteristics at the switch and changes after 6 and 12months in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and standardized body mass index (BMI/SDS). Titration of basal and short-acting insulin doses was also evaluated. Overall, 200 patients were identified. The mean age at the switch to Gla-300 was 13years, and mean duration of diabetes was 3.9years. Average HbA1c levels at switch were 8.8%. After 6months, HbA1c levels decreased by - 0.88% (95% CI - 1.28; - 0.48; p < 0.0001). The benefit was maintained after 12months from the switch (mean reduction of HbA1c levels - 0.80%, 95% CI - 1.25; - 0.35, p = 0.0006). Trends of reduction in FBG levels were also evidenced both at 6months and 12months. No significant changes in short-acting and basal insulin doses were documented. The study provides the first real-world evidence of the effectiveness of Gla-300 in children and adolescents with T1D previously treated with 1BI. The benefits in terms of HbA1c levels reduction were substantial, and sustained after 12months. Additional benefits can be expected by improving the titration of insulin doses.

#525 SGLT2 inhibition in non-diabetic CKD: results in experimental lupus nephritis

Abstract Background and Aims Sodium glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) potently attenuate cardiovascular morbidity and progression of CKD in patients with type 2 diabetes. It has been proposed that SGLT2 inhibition may also elicit renoprotective effects in non-diabetic CKD. The aim of this work is to evaluate whether the treatment with an SGLT2i improves kidney disease progression in a mouse model of lupus nephritis (LN). Method We performed a single center randomized controlled preclinical trial using female MRLlpr/lpr mice. The animals were randomly assigned to (1) vehicle or (2) empagliflozin (EMP, 10 mg/kg/day) treatment once signs of active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) appeared: proteinuria &amp;gt;100 mg/dL (++ in reactive strips) or lymphadenopathy in minimum 2 bilateral sites with proteinuria &amp;gt;30 mg/dL (+ in reactive strips). We included 13 mice per group that were treated during 4 weeks. Empagliflozin was given as an admix into standard chow diet. Reduction of urinary albumin to creatine ratio (UACR) was considered the primary endpoint whereas glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal histology (LN activity/chronicity index, glomerulosclerosis, interstitial fibrosis) and SLE markers (total serum IgG, anti-dsDNA IgG, glomerular IgG deposits, lymph node weight, spleen weight) were considered secondary endpoints. Results After 4 weeks of treatment, no significant differences in fasting blood glucose levels were found between the experimental groups. As expected, empagliflozin administration notably inhibited SGLT2 in the tubular cells demonstrated by a significant increase of urinary glucose (p &amp;lt; 0.0001). This is consistent with the increased water intake observed in MRLlpr/lpr mice treated with empagliflozin (p &amp;lt; 0.0001). At the end of the experiment, vehicle treated MRLlpr/lpr mice showed a significant increase in UACR (p = 0.0012) consistent with LN progression that was not attenuated by empagliflozin. In line, empagliflozin did not modify GFR and LN activity/chronicity indexes, glomerulosclerosis or interstitial fibrosis in kidney. Finally, regarding SLE markers, 4-weeks empagliflozin treatment was not able to decrease total serum IgG, anti-dsDNA IgG, glomerular IgG deposits or lymph node weight. Only spleen weight was significantly decreased in empagliflozin treated MRLlpr/lpr mice (p = 0.003). Conclusion In our experimental setting, empagliflozin treatment reduced spleen weight suggesting a protective role in SLE in MRLlpr/lpr mice. However, empagliflozin did not modify LN progression in MRLlpr/lpr mice probably because the acute LN phase. It is expected that the positive effect in terms of reducing proteinuria will be observed in patients with LN and residual proteinuria

Long-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Fasting Blood Glucose and Diabetes in 20 Million Chinese Women of Reproductive Age.

Evidence of the associations between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and diabetes risk from women of reproductive age, in whom diabetes may have adverse long-term health effects for both themselves and future generations, remains scarce. We therefore examined the associations of long-term PM2.5 exposure with fasting blood glucose (FBG) level and diabetes risk in women of reproductive age in China. This study included 20,076,032 women age 20-49 years participating in the National Free Preconception Health Examination Project in China between 2010 and 2015. PM2.5 was estimated using a satellite-based model. Multivariate linear and logistic regression models were used to examine the associations of PM2.5 exposure with FBG level and diabetes risk, respectively. Diabetes burden attributable to PM2.5 was estimated using attributable fraction (AF) and attributable number. PM2.5 showed monotonic relationships with elevated FBG level and diabetes risk. Each interquartile range (27 μg/m3) increase in 3-year average PM2.5 concentration was associated with a 0.078 mmol/L (95% CI 0.077, 0.079) increase in FBG and 18% (95% CI 16%, 19%) higher risk of diabetes. The AF attributed to PM2.5 exposure exceeding 5 μg/m3 was 29.0% (95% CI 27.5%, 30.5%), corresponding to an additional 78.6 thousand (95% CI 74.5, 82.6) diabetes cases. Subgroup analyses showed more pronounced diabetes risks in those who were overweight or obese, age >35 years, less educated, of minority ethnicity, registered as a rural household, and residing in western China. We found long-term PM2.5 exposure was associated with higher diabetes risk in women of reproductive age in China.

Pulmo-protection of long-term swimming exercise via improving insulin sensitivity in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertensive rats

Exercise has been recognized as an effective intervention in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), supported by numerous studies. However, the precise effects of exercise on pulmonary function remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, using a rat model of swimming exercise training and monocrotaline-induced PAH, we aimed to explore its impact on pulmonary morphology and function. Our investigations revealed that MCT-treated rats exhibited augmented mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP) and pulmonary vascular remodeling, which can be attenuated by 4 weeks of swimming exercise training (60 min/day, 5 days/week). Notably, MCT-treated rats showed impaired pulmonary function, as manifested by decreased tidal volume and dynamic compliance, which were reversed by exercise training. Assessment of pulmonary substrate in PAH rats indicated a prominent pro-inflammatory substrate, evidenced by macrophage accumulation through quantitative immunohistological analysis of macrophage-like cell expression (CD68), and extracellular matrix remodeling, evaluated by Masson staining. Importantly, both the pro-inflammatory substrate and extracellular matrix remodeling were ameliorated by swimming exercise training. Additionally, serum biochemical analysis demonstrated elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and Apolipoprotein B following MCT treatment, which were reduced with exercise intervention. Moreover, exercise enhanced systemic insulin sensitivity in both MCT-treated and untreated rats. Notably, MCT and exercise treatment both decreased fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels in rats, whereas exercise training reinstated FBG levels to normal in MCT-treated rats. In summary, our study suggests that swimming exercise confers a pulmonary protective effect in MCT-induced PAH rats, highlighting the potential importance of exercise-based rehabilitation in the management of PAH.

Ji-Ni-De-Xie ameliorates type 2 diabetes mellitus by modulating the bile acids metabolism and FXR/FGF15 signaling pathway.

Introduction: Ji-Ni-De-Xie (JNDX) is a traditional herbal preparation in China. It is widely used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in traditional Tibetan medicine system. However, its antidiabetic mechanisms have not been elucidated. The aim of this study is to elucidate the underlying mechanism of JNDX on bile acids (BAs) metabolism and FXR/FGF15 signaling pathway in T2DM rats. Methods: High-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (HPLC-QQQ-MS) and UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS technology were used to identify the constituents in JNDX. High-fat diet (HFD) combined with streptozotocin (45 mg∙kg-1) (STZ) was used to establish a T2DM rat model, and the levels of fasting blood-glucose (FBG), glycosylated serum protein (GSP), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), LPS, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, and insulin sensitivity index (ISI) were measured to evaluate the anti-diabetic activity of JNDX. In addition, metagenomic analysis was performed to detect changes in gut microbiota. The metabolic profile of BAs was analyzed by HPLC-QQQ-MS. Moreover, the protein and mRNA expressions of FXR and FGF15 in the colon and the protein expressions of FGF15 and CYP7A1 in the liver of T2DM rats were measured by western blot and RT-qPCR. Results: A total of 12 constituents were identified by HPLC-QQQ-MS in JNDX. Furthermore, 45 chemical components in serum were identified from JNDX via UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS technology, including 22 prototype components and 23 metabolites. Using a T2DM rat model, we found that JNDX (0.083, 0.165 and 0.33 g/kg) reduced the levels of FBG, GSP, HOMA-IR, LPS, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, TG, TC, and LDL-C, and increased ISI and HDL-C levels in T2DM rats. Metagenomic results demonstrated that JNDX treatment effectively improved gut microbiota dysbiosis, including altering some bacteria (e.g., Streptococcus and Bacteroides) associated with BAs metabolism. Additionally, JNDX improved BAs disorder in T2DM rats, especially significantly increasing cholic acid (CA) levels and decreasing ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) levels. Moreover, the protein and mRNA expressions of FXR and FGF15 of T2DM rats were significantly increased, while the expression of CYP7A1 protein in the liver was markedly inhibited by JNDX. Discussion: JNDX can effectively improve insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and inflammation in T2DM rats. The mechanism is related to its regulation of BAs metabolism and activation of FXR/FGF15 signaling pathway.

U-shaped association between fasting blood glucose and suicide attempts in Chinese patients with first-episode drug-naïve major depressive disorder

BackgroundEvidence regarding the relationship between fasting blood glucose (FBG) and suicide attempts (SA) in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) was limited. Therefore, the objective of this research was to investigate whether FBG was independently related to SA in Chinese patients with first-episode drug-naïve (FEDN) MDD after adjusting for other covariates.MethodsThe present study was a cross-sectional study. A total of 1718 participants (average age: 34.9 ± 12.4 years, 65.8% females) with FEDN MDD were involved in a hospital in China from September 2016 to December 2018. Multiple logistic regression analysis and smooth curve fitting were used to estimate the association between FBG and the risk of SA. The threshold effect was examined by the two-piecewise linear regression model. Interaction and stratified analyses were conducted according to sex, education, marital status, comorbid anxiety, and psychotic symptoms.ResultsThe prevalence of SA in patients with FEDN MDD was 20.1%. The result of fully adjusted binary logistic regression showed FBG was positively associated with the risk of SA (odds ratio (OR) = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.13–2.32). Smoothing plots also revealed a nonlinear relationship between FBG and SA, with the inflection point of FBG being 5.34 mmol/l. The effect sizes and the confidence intervals on the left and right sides of the inflection point were 0.53 (0.32–0.88, P = 0.014) and 1.48 (1.04–2.10, P = 0.030), respectively.ConclusionsA U-shaped relationship between FBG and SA in FEDN MDD patients was found, with the lowest risk of SA at a FBG of 5.34 mmol/l, indicating that both the lower and higher FBG levels may lead to an increased risk of SA.

Analysis of Risk Factors for Recurrent Pregnancy Loss in Patients Undergoing in vitro Fertilization-Embryo Transfer

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) presents a formidable challenge for individuals undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET), forming both a clinical dilemma and a focal point for scientific inquiry. This study endeavors to investigate the intricate interplay between clinical features, such as age, body mass index (BMI), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and routine laboratory parameters, including sex hormones, blood composition, liver and thyroid functions, thyroid antibodies, and coagulation indicators, in RPL patients undergoing IVF-ET. By meticulously analyzing these variables, we aim to uncover the latent risk factors predisposing individuals to RPL. Identifying potential factors such as advanced maternal age, obesity, and insulin resistance will provide clinicians with vital insights and empirical evidence to strengthen preventive strategies aimed at reducing miscarriage recurrence. This retrospective case-controlled study included RPL patients who underwent IVF-ET treatment at Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, between January 2012 and March 2021 as the case cohort, compared with women receiving assisted reproductive treatment due to male infertility as the control cohort. The fasting peripheral blood was collected 5 days before the first menstrual cycle at least 12 weeks after the last abortion. The clinical characteristics and relevant laboratory indexes of the two groups were compared. Employing both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, we sought to unearth potential high-risk factors underlying RPL. Additionally, a linear trend analysis was conducted to assess the linear relationship between total testosterone (TT) levels and the number of miscarriages. In contrast to the control cohort, the RPL cohort exhibited significant increases in age, BMI, and WHR (P<0.05). Notably, TT levels were markedly lower in the RPL cohort (P=0.022), while no significant differences were observed between the two groups concerning basal follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, progesterone, prolactin levels, and anti-Müllerian hormone levels (P>0.05). Moreover, fasting insulin (FINS) levels and HOMA-IR index were notably elevated in the RPL cohort relative to the control cohort (P<0.001), although no significant differences were observed in fasting blood glucose levels (P>0.05). Furthermore, the neutrophil (NEU) count and NEU-to-lymphocyte ratio were notably higher in the RPL cohort (P<0.01). Univariate logistic regression analysis identified several factors, including age≥35 years old, BMI≥25 kg/m2, WHR>0.8, FINS>10 mU/L, HOMA-IR>2.14, NEU count>6.3×109 L－1, and an elevated NEU/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), as significantly increasing the risk of RPL (P<0.05). Although TT levels were within the normal range for both cohorts, higher TT levels were associated with a diminished RPL risk (odds ratio [OR]=0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.510-0.890, P=0.005). After adjustments for confounding factors, age≥35 years old (OR=1.91, 95% CI: 1.06-3.43), WHR>0.8 (OR=2.30, 95% CI: 1.26-4.19), and FINS>10 mU/L (OR=4.50, 95% CI: 1.30-15.56) emerged as potent risk factors for RPL (P<0.05). Conversely, higher TT levels were associated with a reduced RPL risk (OR=0.59, 95% CI: 0.38-0.93, P=0.023). Furthermore, the linear trend analysis unveiled a discernible linear association between TT levels and the number of miscarriages (P trend=0.003), indicating a declining trend in TT levels with escalating miscarriage occurrences. In patients undergoing IVF-ET, advanced maternal age, lower TT levels, increased WHR, and elevated FINS levels emerged as potent risk factors for RPL. These findings provide clinicians with valuable insights and facilitate the identification of patients who are at high risks and the formulation of preventive strategies to reduce the recurrence of miscarriages.

Evaluation of antioxidant and antihyperglycemic effects Dovyalis Abyssinica (A.Rich)

BackgroundThe leaves of Dovyalis Abyssinica have been used traditionally for the management of diabetes mellitus. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the Antioxidant and Antihyperglycemic Effects of Dovyalis Abyssinica leaves crude extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. MethodsTo Evaluate the Antihyperglycemic, and Antioxidant Effects of Dovyalis Abyssinica Leaves Extract in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice. Male Swiss albino mice were induced into diabetes using 100 mg/kg of streptozotocin. Mice were allocated randomly into six groups, six mice per group. The body weight and FBG measurements were done on days 0, 7th, 14th and 21st of treatment. Additionally, in vitro Antioxidant Activity of the Extract was determined using a DPPH assay. The data were entered into Epi-Data version 4.6, exported to SPSS version 26.0, and analysed by using a one-way ANOVA followed by a Tukey post hoc test, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. ResultsDovyalis Abyssinica leaves crude extract showed significant (P < 0.05-P< 0.001) blood-glucose-lowering activity. Moreover, the crude extract of D. abyssinica reduced the fasting blood glucose level by 45.13 %, 52.51 %, 54.85 %, and 56.38 %, respectively, for DA 100, DA 200, DA 400, and GLC 5 mg/kg on the 21st day of treatment. After diabetic mice were treated with Dovyalis Abyssinica (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) for 21 days, there was a significant increase in body weight as compared to diabetic control. Antioxidant activities of the leaf extract was found to be comparable to ascorbic acid with an IC50 of 140.04 μg/ml. ConclusionThe present findings revealed that D. abyssinica leaves could be useful for the management of diabetes mellitus and other abnormalities related to this metabolic disorder. Thus, the present study may support the traditional use of D. abyssinica for diabetes mellitus treatment.

Influence of continuous 4C nursing on quality of life and self-care ability of patients with diabetes retinopathy: An observational study.

This study aims to investigate the impact of continuous 4C nursing on patients with diabetes retinopathy (DR) and its influence on self-care ability. A total of 100 DR patients admitted to our hospital from October 2020 to October 2022 were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group, with 50 cases in each group. The control group received routine care, while the observation group received continuous 4C care. The nursing effects of both groups were compared. After nursing, the observation group showed a lower self-rating anxiety scale score and a higher self-care ability scale score compared to the control group (P < .05). The SQQL-VI scores for all social activities were also higher in the observation group (P < .05). Additionally, the observation group had lower levels of fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, and glycated hemoglobin than the control group (P < .05). Moreover, the observation group had higher visual acuity and lower intraocular pressure than the control group (P < .05). The visual impairment rate was lower and the overall compliance rate was higher in the observation group compared to the control group (P < .05). After nursing, both groups showed improvements in symptoms, visual function, physical function, psychological and social activity scores, visual acuity, and patient satisfaction scores. The observation group showed greater improvements compared to the control group (P < .05). The application of continuous 4C nursing in DR patients has shown positive effects, including improved patient compliance and satisfaction, enhanced patient quality of life and visual acuity. These findings suggest that continuous 4C nursing should be widely promoted and applied in clinical practice.

Harmine exhibits anti-apoptotic properties and reduces diabetes-induced testicular damage caused by streptozotocin in rats.

Diabetes mellitus induces fertility problems in men, mainly because of increased free radicals. Natural resources are effective for male infertility treatment. This study investigated the effects of harmine, an alkaloid available in Peganum harmala L., on the male reproductive system of diabetic rats. We divided 32 rats into four groups, and eight were randomly placed in each group. For diabetes induction, the animals received 50 mg/kg of streptozotocin intraperitoneally. After 1 week, animals received 15 mg/kg of harmine (28 days; intraperitoneal). Histopathological examinations, serum levels of male hormones, levels of nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the testes, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), insulin serum levels, fasting blood glucose levels, the apoptotic index, and semen analysis were assessed. The diabetes group exhibited morphological changes in testicular tissue, significant decreases in the diameter of the seminiferous tubule, the Johnsen score, testosterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, insulin serum levels, and TAC in testicular tissue (p<0.01). Harmine treatment ameliorated the morphological changes in the testes and improved sperm parameters relative to the diabetes group (p<0.05). The NO and MDA levels in the testes, fasting blood glucose serum levels, and apoptotic index parameters were significantly elevated in the diabetes group, while in the diabetes+harmine group, these parameters were reduced (p<0.01). Harmine protects testicular tissue and sperm against diabetes-induced damage. This effect of harmine is associated with a rebalancing of the antioxidant capacity that subsequently decreases apoptosis in the testes.

SIRT1/AMPK-mediated pathway: Ferulic acid from sugar beet pulp mitigating obesity-induced diabetes-linked complications and improving metabolic health

Obesity-induced type 2 diabetes (T2D) increases the risk of metabolic syndrome due to the high calorie intake. The role of sugar beet pulp (SBP) in T2D and the mechanism of its action remain unclear, though it is abundant in phenolics and has antioxidant activity. In this study, we isolated and purified ferulic acid from SBP, referred to as SBP-E, and studied the underlying molecular mechanisms in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism developing high glucose/high fat diet-induced diabetic models in vitro and in vivo. SBP-E showed no cytotoxicity and reduced the oxidative stress by increasing glutathione (GSH) in human liver (HepG2) and rat skeletal muscle (L6) cells. It also decreased body weight gain, food intake, fasting blood glucose levels (FBGL), glucose intolerance, hepatic steatosis, and lipid accumulation. Additionally, SBP-E decreased the oxidative stress and improved the antioxidant enzyme levels in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced T2D mice. Further, SBP-E reduced plasma and liver advanced glycation end products (AGEs), malondialdehyde (MDA), and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and increased anti-inflammatory cytokines in HFD-fed mice. Importantly, SBP-E significantly elevated AMPK, glucose transporter, SIRT1 activity, and Nrf2 expression and decreased ACC activity and SREBP1 levels in diabetic models. Collectively, our study results suggest that SBP-E treatment can improve obesity-induced T2D by regulating glucose and lipid metabolism via SIRT1/AMPK signalling and the AMPK/SREBP1/ACC1 pathway.

Correlation Between Waist-To-Hip Ratio (WHR) with Fasting Blood Glucose to The Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Tabaringan Health Center

Diabetes mellitus is a serious long-term (or 'chronic') condition caused by increased levels of glucose in the blood because the body cannot produce one or enough of the insulin hormones, or cannot use the insulin it produces effectively. IDF data, the global prevalence of DM in 2019 is estimated at 9.3% (463 million people), increasing to 10.2% (578 million) in 2030 and 10.9% (700 million) in 2045 (IDF, 2019). Research results (Riskesdas) in 2018, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in South Sulawesi diagnosed by doctors was 1.8% and 1.3%. WHR is a method for assessing fat accumulation in the body. The risk of DM is more related to intra-abdominal fat than subcutaneous fat. WHR was shown to be a better predictor of type 2 DM risk compared with BMI. The WHR limit for men in Asia Pacific is &gt;0.9 and women &gt;0.85. To determine the relationship between RLPP and fasting blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at the Tabarringan Community Health Center. This research is an analytical study using the Cross Sectional method, to determine the relationship between Fasting Blood Glucose and Waist-Hip Ratio. The research results showed that from 65 respondents a p-value was obtained of 0.514 &gt; 0.05 so that Hnull was accepted and H1 was rejected. So the results obtained are that there is no relationship between WHR and fasting blood sugar levels. There is no relationship between WHR and fasting blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at the Tabarringan Community Health Center.

Lactobacillus casei-fermented Amomum xanthioides ameliorates metabolic dysfunction in high-fat diet-induced obese mice.

Amomum xanthioides (AX) has been used as an edible herbal medicine to treat digestive system disorders in Asia. Additionally, Lactobacillus casei is a well-known probiotic commonly used in fermentation processes as a starter. The current study aimed to investigate the potential of Lactobacillus casei-fermented Amomum xanthioides (LAX) in alleviating metabolic disorders induced by high-fat diet (HFD) in a mouse model. LAX significantly reduced the body and fat weight, outperforming AX, yet without suppressing appetite. LAX also markedly ameliorated excessive lipid accumulation and reduced inflammatory cytokine (IL-6) levels in serum superior to AX in association with UCP1 activation and adiponectin elevation. Furthermore, LAX noticeably improved the levels of fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, and HOMA-IR through positive regulation of glucose transporters (GLUT2, GLUT4), and insulin receptor gene expression. In conclusion, the fermentation of AX demonstrates a pronounced mitigation of overnutrition-induced metabolic dysfunction, including hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and obesity, compared to non-fermented AX. Consequently, we proposed that the fermentation of AX holds promise as a potential candidate for effectively ameliorating metabolic disorders.

The Association of Systemic Inflammatory Response Index and Neutrophil-to-High-Density Lipoprotein Ratio Mediated by Fasting Blood Glucose with 90-Day Prognosis in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients

Introduction: The contribution of individual and combined inflammatory markers for the prognosis of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) remains elusive. This study investigated the effect of systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), and neutrophil to high-density lipoprotein ratio (NHR), which is mediated by fasting blood glucose (FBG), on 90-day prognosis of patients with AIS. Methods: In this pre-specified substudy of an observational cohort study, 2,828 patients with AIS were enrolled from the Nanjing Stroke Registry between January 2017 and July 2021. Peripheral venous blood was collected from patients fasting for at least 8 h within 24 h of admission to gather information on the following parameters: neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, monocyte count, HDL level, and fasting blood glucose level. Then, the SIRI and NHR values were calculated. Following this, the correlation among SIRI, NHR, and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores 90 days after onset was examined via univariate and multivariate logistic analyses. Lastly, mediation analysis was performed to examine the relationship between systematic inflammatory response and study outcomes mediated by FBG. Results: SIRI and NHR were both negatively correlated with clinical outcomes (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that SIRI and NHR were independently associated with poor outcomes after adjusting for potential confounders. Subgroup analyses further validated these correlations. Meanwhile, mediation analysis corroborated that FBG partially mediated the associations between SIRI and a poor prognosis at 90 days (indirect effect estimate = 0.0038, bootstrap 95% CI 0.001–0.008; direct effect estimate = 0.1719, bootstrap 95% CI 0.1258–0.2179). Besides, FBG also played a mediating role between NHR and poor outcomes (indirect effect estimate = 0.0066, bootstrap 95% CI 0.002–0.120; direct effect estimate = 0.1308, bootstrap 95% CI 0.0934–0.1681). Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that SIRI and NHR are positively associated with poor clinical and mortality outcomes at 90 days in AIS patients, which was partially mediated by FBG.

Associations of serum D-dimer and glycosylated hemoglobin levels with third-trimester fetal growth restriction in gestational diabetes mellitus.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a special type of diabetes that commonly occurs in women during pregnancy and involves impaired glucose tolerance and abnormal glucose metabolism; GDM is diagnosed for the first time during pregnancy and can affect fetal growth and development. To investigate the associations of serum D-dimer (D-D) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels with third-trimester fetal growth restriction (FGR) in GDM patients. The clinical data of 164 pregnant women who were diagnosed with GDM and delivered at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University from January 2021 to January 2023 were analyzed retrospectively. Among these women, 63 whose fetuses had FGR were included in the FGR group, and 101 women whose fetuses had normal body weights were included in the normal body weight group (normal group). Fasting venous blood samples were collected from the elbow at 28-30 wk gestation and 1-3 d before delivery to measure serum D-D and HbA1c levels for comparative analysis. The diagnostic value of serum D-D and HbA1c levels for FGR was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic analysis, and the influencing factors of third-trimester FGR in GDM patients were analyzed by logistic regression. Serum fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, D-D and HbA1c levels were significantly greater in the FGR group than in the normal group, while the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance values were lower (P < 0.05). Regarding the diagnosis of FGR based on serum D-D and HbA1c levels, the areas under the curves (AUCs) were 0.826 and 0.848, the cutoff values were 3.04 mg/L and 5.80%, the sensitivities were 81.0% and 79.4%, and the specificities were 88.1% and 87.1%, respectively. The AUC of serum D-D plus HbA1c levels for diagnosing FGR was 0.928, and the sensitivity and specificity were 84.1% and 91.1%, respectively. High D-D and HbA1c levels were risk factors for third-trimester FGR in GDM patients (P < 0.05). D-D and HbA1c levels can indicate the occurrence of FGR in GDM patients in the third trimester of pregnancy to some extent, and their combination can be used as an important index for the early prediction of FGR.

Risk factors and lipid metabolism characteristics of early-onset male androgenetic alopecia: A pilot study.

Male androgenetic alopecia (MAA) is a multifactorial disease, with patients presenting at a younger age, which is a risk factor for many metabolic diseases. To explore the risk factors associated with early-onset of MAA and its metabolic characteristics. Forty patients with MAA and 45 healthy controls were collected. The serum levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total testosterone (TT), uric acid (UA), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) were measured. Meanwhile, lipid metabolites were detected by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). 37.50% MAA patients had metabolic syndrome, compared to 17.78% in control group (p < 0.05). The levels of HDL-C, UA, and 25(OH)D were decreased in patients with MAA compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the level of TT between the two groups. Additionally, there were no significant differences in the levels of HDL-C, UA, 25(OH)D, and TT among different grades of hair loss (p > 0.05). The lipid profile of early-onset MAA differed significantly from healthy controls. In early-onset MAA, the levels of ceramide (Cer) and sphingomyelin (SM) were significantly lower. Cer(d38:5) and TG(15:0/18:1/18:1) may be the biomarkers. Low HDL-C, UA, and 25(OH)D may be the independent risk factors for early-onset MAA. Abnormal lipid metabolism was observed in early-onset MAA, wherein Cer and SM may serve as protective factors.