Level Of Division Research Articles

Signaling proteins in HSC fate determination are unequally segregated during asymmetric cell division.

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) continuously replenish mature blood cells with limited lifespans. To maintain the HSC compartment while ensuring output of differentiated cells, HSCs undergo asymmetric cell division (ACD), generating two daughter cells with different fates: one will proliferate and give rise to the differentiated cells' progeny, and one will return to quiescence to maintain the HSC compartment. A balance between MEK/ERK and mTORC1 pathways is needed to ensure HSC homeostasis. Here, we show that activation of these pathways is spatially segregated in premitotic HSCs and unequally inherited during ACD. A combination of genetic and chemical perturbations shows that an ERK-dependent mechanism determines the balance between pathways affecting polarity, proliferation, and metabolism, and thus determines the frequency of asymmetrically dividing HSCs. Our data identify druggable targets that modulate HSC fate determination at the level of asymmetric division.

Religious involvement in the context of public moral standards and sustainable social development – A case study of Polish voivodeships

The manuscript analyzes the spatial distribution, relationships and statistical dependence between religious involvement vs. the observance of public moral norms, and between religious involvement vs. sustainable social development as the main criterion and based on indirect criteria such as demographics, education, social welfare, health, public security, housing, social engagement, and the labor market. The study was conducted in Polish voivodeships, which represent the highest level of territorial division, and data for analyses were obtained from public statistical databases. The phenomena were examined with the use of synthetic variables, whereas composite indicators were determined by Hellwig's method. The study revealed considerable variations in the magnitude of the examined phenomena across Polish regions and the absence of significant correlations between religious involvement vs. the observance of public moral norms and sustainable social development as the main criterion. High values of indirect criteria are associated with regional development. Positive relationships were also observed between religiosity and selected indirect criteria.

Division of the iliac vessels in the anterior intrapelvic approach to acetabular fracture

IntroductionThe modified Stoppa approach is gradually becoming the gold standard in pelvic ring and acetabulum surgery. One of the potential intraoperative complications is vascular injury. The aim of this study was to identify the level of division of common iliac vessels with respect to a bone landmark, their inter-individual variability and their correlation with morphological criteria. Material and methodsThis was a single-center continuous retrospective study of patients who had preoperative CT angiography for pelvic fracture between February 2017 and May 2018. The level of arterial and venous division and the angle of vein division were measured bilaterally for each patient from the most antero-inferior part of the sacroiliac joint on multiplanar reconstruction and standardized analysis. Relationships with morphological data (age, gender, BMI, height), anterior column fracture and deep venous thrombosis were analyzed. ResultsThe right arterial division level was 50±16mm (−2.35; 96) from the landmark and the left arterial division level 44±14mm (0; 80). The right venous division level was 30±12mm (−9; 75) and the left venous division level 30±13mm (−5; 66). The right venous bifurcation angle was 65±18° (22; 119) and the left venous bifurcation angle 68±17° (18; 117). The arterial division level was significantly higher on the right side (p=0.007). There were no significant correlations with morphological data. ConclusionThe great inter-individual variability of iliac vessels should prompt analysis of their morphology on routine imaging when planning pelvic surgery using the modified Stoppa approach, in order to anticipate the risk of bleeding. Level of evidenceIV; cases series.

Nothing Changed, Nothing Gained? Emotional Responses towards European Integration in the Memoirs of Polish Farmers

Accession to the European Union (EU) aroused diverse emotions in public debate among citizens, but the everyday experience of being an EU member is much more difficult to narrate than by relating to two contrasting views for and against European integration. The situation becomes more complicated if we analyse the emotional responses of Polish farmers, for whom joining the EU has been one more change in the last two centuries: the fall of feudalism, the agricultural reform after the Second World War, and the post-1989 political transformation. We aim to analyse personal narratives while observing how feelings about the EU have become embedded in everyday life experience narratives and how they are expressed and managed in a socio-cultural context. The presence of contradictory views was expected, as was the appearance of a combination of emotions and indifference, and, finally, the use of emotions as resistance. Based on the analysis of 55 memoirs from 1918 to 2018, we have determined the possible types of the integration experience; firstly, Poland’s accession to the EU meant change and was associated mainly with positive emotions, secondly, with negative emotions, thirdly, it meant change, and was associated with ambiguous emotions; and lastly, it did not mean a change. We noted not only the contrasting positions e.g. hope and fear but also the mixture of emotions and various paths of resistance that included demonstrating the inadequacy of the master narrative to personal experience or neutralising it but also filling the intermediary space between two opposite views and finding a way out from this opposition to the higher level of division and thus narrating non-change. It is the sense of personal dignity and permanence that negates the perception of accession as a change.

Extravagance and misery: Hegel on the multiplication and refinement of needs

AbstractThe topic of this paper is Hegel's claim in the Philosophy of Right that, within the modern social world, human needs tend to be endlessly expanded. Unlike the role that the system of needs plays in the formation of its participants' psychological makeup and the problem of poverty and the rabble, the topic of the expansion of needs remains underdiscussed in the recent Hegel literature on the virtues and vices of civil society. My discussion of the topic aims to answer the following two sets of questions: How does it come to pass that individuals' needs are endlessly expanded in this way? And is that expansion a phenomenon to be applauded or condemned? In particular, does the endless expansion of needs aid or obstruct the realization of social members' freedom? In answer to the first question, I argue that for Hegel the endless expansion of needs results from the level of specialization and division of labor distinctive of the modern market economy, the human capacity for a certain kind of abstraction, and the desire to be recognized by other participants in the market system. In answer to the second set of questions, and despite Hegel's own apparent ambivalence, I argue on his behalf that the endless expansion of needs represents an obstacle to the realization of freedom, and is on that ground a phenomenon to be condemned, for the following two reasons: First, the endless expansion of needs increases the influence or “pressure” of desire on the members of civil society that are subject to that expansion. Second, that expansion leads to widespread frustration, understood as the inability on the part of the members of civil society to ever fully realize their ends or satisfy their desires. I end by briefly considering two Hegelian solutions to the pernicious effects of the endless expansion of needs.

Prognostic significance of lymph node metastasis in pancreatic tail cancer: A multicenter retrospective study.

Distal pancreatectomy (DP) with lymph node (LN) dissection is the standard procedure for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma of the tail (Pt-PDAC). However, the optimal surgery including extent of LN dissection is still being debated. The present study investigated the incidence and prognostic impact of LN metastasis on patients suffering from Pt-PDAC. This multicenter, retrospective study involved 163 patients who underwent DP for resectable Pt-PDAC at 12 institutions between 2013 and 2017. The frequency of LN metastasis and the effect of LN dissection on Pt-PDAC prognosis were investigated. There were high incidences of metastases to the LNs along the splenic artery in the patients with Pt-PDAC (39%). The rate of metastases in the LNs along the common hepatic, left gastric, and celiac arteries were low, and the therapeutic index for these LNs was zero. In pancreatic tail cancer located more distally, there were no metastases to the LNs along the common hepatic artery. Multivariate analysis revealed that tumor size was the only independent factor related to recurrence-free survival (HR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.33-3.05, p = 0.001). The level of pancreas division and LN dissection along the common hepatic artery did not affect the site of tumor recurrence or recurrence-free survival. LN dissection along the hepatic artery for Pt-PDAC has little significance. Distal pancreatic transection may be acceptable in terms of oncological safety, but further examination of short-term outcomes and preservation of pancreatic function is required.

Territorial differences between the data of the current population registration and the results of the 2020 Census

The article analyzes population data by federal districts, subjects and municipalities of the Russian Federation, obtained from two different official sources of Rosstat for close dates: data from the current population registration as of January 1, 2022 and data from the All-Russian Population Census of 2020, the control point of which was October 1, 2021. Since population size changes rather slowly, theoretically these data should not differ significantly. In fact, it has turned out that the population size across the country, according to various data, differs by more than 1% (by 1.6 million people in the direction of the census data). The lower the level of administrative division, the greater the differences. At the level of some municipalities of the Russian Federation, the differences make almost 2 times. Moreover, with approximately equal frequency, there are both municipalities where, according to the census, the population is greater than according to the current population registration, and with the opposite situation. The article identifies the administrative units of the country where the differences between the census data and the current population registration are the largest, and the causes of the differences in one direction or another. The largest “overweight” of the population in favor of the census was found in the municipalities of the Central Federal District (especially in the Moscow urban agglomeration), and the maximum “shortage” of the population compared to the current accounting data was in the Far Eastern and Siberian Federal Districts.

The Influence of GVC Participation and Division of Labor Status on the Comparative Advantage of China’s Wood-Based Panel Industry

This article innovatively proposes a new display comparative advantage index (NB*). Based on the characteristics of existing comparative advantage indices and practical research needs, the NB* index can more accurately measure whether a country’s products have comparative advantages among other countries within the selected region, which to some extent expands the research boundary of industrial international competitiveness evaluation indicators. Meanwhile, this article takes China’s wood-based panel industry as an example to calculate the comparative advantage level of China’s wood-based panel industry among Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) member countries and further explores the impact of global value chain participation and division of labor status on the international competitiveness of the industry. Research has found that, firstly, although China’s wood-based panel industry has a relatively lower level of comparative advantage among RCEP member countries, it still has a certain level of competitiveness in some developed and developing countries’ markets; Secondly, in terms of the wood-based panel industry, a higher level of global value chain participation can effectively improve the international comparative advantage level of the domestic wood-based panel industry. Thirdly, the level of division of labor in the industrial chain has a significant positive impact on the comparative advantage level of China’s wood-based panel industry in RCEP member countries. Therefore, in order to enhance the international competitiveness of the domestic wood-based panel industry, it is necessary to actively participate in the global value chain and continuously move towards a higher level of division of labor in the industry chain.

Conflict Resolution In Regional Elections In South Aceh Regency

The implementation of regional elections in Indonesia has experienced various kinds of conflicts and riots. South Aceh is a district that directly celebrates the regional election democracy celebration. In South Aceh Regency, a number of general elections, both legislative and regional head elections, were not free from conflict and violence. The high level of sentiment and division among community members before and after the 2018 regional elections. The handling and anticipation of potential conflicts carried out by the South Aceh Regency regional government in the 2018 regional elections was still not optimal.This study used a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data collection was done by field observations, in-depth interviews and literature study. While the informant conducted in a purposive determination. The data is processed and analyzed according to qualitative research stage.The conflicts that occurred during the post-conflict local elections in South Aceh Regency occurred due to distrust and hostility between different groups in society, incompatible positions and different views on conflict by the parties experiencing the conflict, conflicts that were rooted in basic human needs. both physically, mentally and socially unfulfilled, identity that is threatened, often rooted in the loss of something or suffering in the past that has not been resolved, incompatibility in ways of communicating between different cultures between society and the central government or regional government, as well as problems -problems of injustice, inequality that emerge as social, cultural and economic problems in the community of South Aceh Regency. Therefore, resolution needs to be carried out so that the conflict in South Aceh Regency can be resolved, including through the peace keeping (maintaining peace), peace building (building peace) and peace making (making peace) models. There are new findings that can be made in conflict resolution efforts in South Aceh Regency through the juridical aspect.

NIR ICG-Enhanced Fluorescence: A Quantitative Evaluation of Bowel Microperfusion and Its Relation to Central Perfusion in Colorectal Surgery

Background: To date, no standardized protocols nor a quantitative assessment of the near-infrared fluorescence angiography with indocyanine green (NIR-ICG) are available. The aim of this study was to evaluate the timing of fluorescence as a reproducible parameter and its efficacy in predicting anastomotic leakage (AL) in colorectal surgery. Methods: A consecutive cohort of 108 patients undergoing minimally invasive elective procedures for colorectal cancer was prospectively enrolled. The difference between macro and microperfusion (ΔT) was obtained by calculating the timing of fluorescence at the level of iliac artery division and colonic wall, respectively. Results: Subjects with a ΔT ≥ 15.5± 0.5 s had a higher tendency to develop an AL (p < 0.01). The ΔT/heart rate interaction was found to predict AL with an odds ratio of 1.02 (p < 0.01); a cut-off threshold of 832 was identified (sensitivity 0.86, specificity 0.77). Perfusion parameters were also associated with a faster bowel motility resumption and a reduced length of hospital stay. Conclusions: The analysis of the timing of fluorescence provides a quantitative, easy evaluation of tissue perfusion. A ΔT/HR interaction ≥832 may be used as a real-time parameter to guide surgical decision making in colorectal surgery.

Comparisons and associations among anthropometric indices of first and second division and assistant soccer referees.

Body composition is an important predictor of performance and a key component of health and physical fitness. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to compare soccer referees of the first and second divisions and field assistant referees from Iran and to analyze associations of a body shape index (ABSI), body adiposity index (BAI), abdominal volume index (AVI), body roundness index (BRI), conicity index (ConI), and body mass index (BMI) with body fat percentage (%BF). A total of 270 male soccer referees from the first (n = 124) and second (n = 72) divisions and assistant referees (n = 74) participated in this study. Skinfold thickness (measured at the chest, biceps, triceps, subscapular, abdominal, iliac crest, and front thigh), height, weight, hip circumference, and waist circumference were assessed to evaluate waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), %BF, and also ABSI, BRI, BAI, ConI, and AVI according to the ISAK protocol. The main results indicated differences in WHR, WHtR, ABSI, BRI, AVI, ConI, and BF% with the assistant referees presenting higher values (p < 0.05). When considering the backward selection model, there were some associations with %BF in each group, specifically BMI, BAI, and ABSI in the first division; BMI, WHR, and ABSI in the second division; and BMI in the assistant referee group (all p < 0.05). The present study did not confirm the hypothesis that the first-division referees presented better body composition-related variables than the second division or assistant referees. Instead, it showed that the assistant referees that participated in both divisions showed a tendency to higher values which suggests that the level of division is not a major factor when analyzing body composition.

Epidemiological characteristics and dynamic transmissions of COVID-19 pandemics in Chinese mainland: A trajectory clustering perspective analysis

BackgroundThe corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has spread to more than 210 countries and regions around the world, with different characteristics recorded depending on the location. A systematic summarization of COVID-19 outbreaks that occurred during the “dynamic zero-COVID” policy period in Chinese mainland had not been previously conducted. In-depth mining of the big data from the past two years of the COVID-19 pandemics must be performed to clarify their epidemiological characteristics and dynamic transmissions. MethodsTrajectory clustering was used to group epidemic and time-varying reproduction number (Rt) curves of mass outbreaks into different models and reveal the epidemiological characteristics and dynamic transmissions of COVID-19. For the selected single-peak epidemic curves, we constructed a peak-point judgment model based on the dynamic slope and adopted a single-peak fitting model to identify the key time points and peak parameters. Finally, we developed an extreme gradient boosting-based prediction model for peak infection cases based on the total number of infections on the first 3, 5, and 7 days of the initial average incubation period. Results(1) A total of 7 52298 cases, including 587 outbreaks in 251 cities in Chinese mainland between June 11, 2020, and June 29, 2022, were collected, and the first wave of COVID-19 outbreaks was excluded. Excluding the Shanghai outbreak in 2022, the 586 remaining outbreaks resulted in 1 25425 infections, with an infection rate of 4.21 per 1 00000 individuals. The number of outbreaks varied based on location, season, and temperature.(2) Trajectory clustering analysis showed that 77 epidemic curves were divided into four patterns, which were dominated by two single-peak clustering patterns (63.3%). A total of 77 Rt curves were grouped into seven patterns, with the leading patterns including four downward dynamic transmission patterns (74.03%). These curves revealed that the interval from peak to the point where the Rt value dropped below 1 was approximately 5 days.(3) The peak-point judgment model achieved a better result in the area under the curve (0.96, 95% confidence interval = 0.90–1.00). The single-peak fitting results on the epidemic curves indicated that the interval from the slow-growth point to the sharp-decline point was approximately 4–6 days in more than 50% of mass outbreaks.(4) The peak-infection-case prediction model exhibited the superior clustering results of epidemic and Rt curves compared with the findings without grouping. ConclusionOverall, our findings suggest the variation in the infection rates during the “dynamic zero-COVID” policy period based on the geographic division, level of economic development, seasonal division, and temperature. Trajectory clustering can be a useful tool for discovering epidemiological characteristics and dynamic transmissions, judging peak points, and predicting peak infection cases using different patterns.

Technical aspects of the Koff procedure (urethral mobilization) in anterior hypospadias

In our center the level of division of the corpus spongiosum as the determinant to classifying hypospadias. The hypospadias with a distal division is less severe and they present a little curvature. We present a case of distal hypospadias corrected by Koff technique and we showed our tricks for avoiding curvature. In this selected case a Koff procedure are preferred because it has the main advantage of exicing the dysplastic tissues and avoiding a urethroplasty using nonurethral tissues. Late penile curvature is a source of concerns for some, but in our experience no significant curvature was found at follow up. We believe that some tricks, showed in our video, are necessary to avoid iatrogenic curvature and to obtain a good cosmetic result. Koff technique is a good technique for hypospadias with distal division of corpus spongiosum, without significant curvature at follow up.

Methodology for calculating the characteristics of linear induction motors for low-speed process equipment

An analysis of the drive characteristics of technological machines and mechanisms of agricultural production showed that their working bodies in 56.3% of cases have rotational motion, and in 43.7% they have translational motion. Special electromechanical and electromagnetic converters - an electric drive with a linear asynchronous motor - are very promising for driving the working bodies of technological equipment that perform translational and oscillatory motion, as well as rotational motion with a rotation speed of up to 500 min−1. A linear asynchronous electric drive makes it possible to implement technologically specified drive characteristics, integrate the power parts of an electric motor with a working body with the exception of mechanical converters, while reducing material and energy consumption, increasing operational reliability of process equipment as a whole. The choice of the optimal winding scheme and the design of the magnetic circuit of the inductor, the material of the secondary element increases the energy and traction performance of the linear induction motor. The study and modeling of electromagnetic processes and the optimization of geometric dimensions, winding data of the inductor and electrical parameters can be effectively carried out on a mathematical model of a linear induction motor by a numerical method, represented by a system of three matrix equations describing the states of the magnetic and electrical circuits of the machine, detailed to the level of tooth division and winding section.

A TRAM Flap Harvesting Technique for Breast Reconstruction Surgery after Mastectomy

Introduction. Currently, the best option for breast reconstruction surgery after mastectomy is TRAM-flap harvesting on a vascular pedicle from the inferior epigastric artery with taking one or two rectus abdominis muscles. However, it is widely reported about cases of marginal necrosis of the lower TRAM flap in the recipient zone. This is due to the area of obstructed blood flow "choke" at the site of anastomosis of the terminal muscular branches of the superior and inferior epigastric arteries.The aim of the study was to investigate the applied topographical features of the lower epigastric arteries in the thickness of the rectus abdominis muscles in women.Materials and methods. The main trunk of the inferior epigastric artery and its terminal branches (III and IV blood supply zones) were dissected on the muscular-aponeurotic flap of the anterior abdominal wall in the thickness of the rectus abdominis muscle in 18 non-fixed female corpses to identify the lower site of arterial anastomosis of the muscular branches. The authors measured the distance from the white line of the abdomen to the point of entry of the studied artery into the thickness of the rectus abdominis muscle, the length of the main trunk, and the vertical distance from the conditional horizontal line drawn through the upper semicircle of the umbilical ring to the beginning of the inferior epigastric artery branching (the "choke" zone). Research results. The length of the major trunk of the inferior epigastric artery from the level of perforation of the posterior wall of the aponeurotic sheath of the rectus abdominis muscle to the beginning of its division averaged 5.70.8 cm. The level of division of the major trunk into muscular branches of the inferior epigastric artery on the left and right, and, consequently, the choke zone, was always higher than the level of the umbilical ring. The distance from the conditional horizontal line drawn through the upper semicircle of the umbilical ring to the beginning of the branching of the major trunk averaged 1.40.9 cm.Conclusion. The data obtained on the typical anatomy of the inferior epigastric arteries in women may allow improving the TRAM flap harvesting on the musculovascular pedicle technique in order to reduce the risk of developing marginal skin necrosis in the recipient zone.

THE BILATERAL HIGH DIVISION OF THE SCIATIC NERVE IN THE PELVIS

The sciatic nerve is the thickest nerve of the body.1 It leaves the pelvis below the piriformis via the greater sciatic foramen and descends between the ischial tuberosity and greater trochanter in the back of the thigh, dividing into the tibial and common peroneal nerves proximal to the knee however, the level of bifurcation can be variable.2The levels of division of the sciatic nerve are important in anaesthesia, orthopaedics, rehabilitation, and neurology.3The study was done by dissection of forty-two human adult lower limb specimens, irrespective of sex from the Department of Anatomy, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India. During dissection, 02(4.8%) specimens out of 42 specimens showed high division, 28(66.6%) specimens showed intermediate, and 12 (28.6%) specimens showed low division of the sciatic nerve.The bilateral highdivision of the sciatic nerve is a rare variation. Knowledge about the level of division of the sciatic nerve is important for clinicians and surgeons.

Evaluation of Rehabilitation Service Capacity for Mildly Disabled Institutionalized Elderly - An Analysis Based on the Hierarchical Analysis and Entropy Method

Background: The quality of rehabilitation services plays an important role in the health and satisfaction of society, but it still has some significant deficiencies in different aspects at the same time. It is one of the main issues in the system of rehabilitation services in all countries. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the rehabilitation service capacity for mildly disabled older adults in nursing homes. Methods: The data were used hierarchically and assigned entropy values, the final level of rehabilitation service capacity of mildly disabled older adults in nursing homes was derived, and hierarchical analysis and entropy power methods were combined. Results: In evaluating rehabilitation services for older adults with mild disabilities in nursing homes, the weight of the first-level risk indicators was 0.1454 for the rehabilitation environment, 0.3687 for the quality of rehabilitation services, and 0.4859 for the effectiveness of rehabilitation. Conclusions: Rehabilitation environment indicators for an elderly nursing home on their privacy and anti-slip design were ranked first, rehabilitation service quality indicators on the level of rehabilitation division, respectful treatment, and humanistic care, indicating that older people in nursing homes were more important physiological and psychological rehabilitation effect indicators analysis. Rehabilitation effect indicators, independent laundry, independent toileting, bathing, and independent dressing, are especially important in nursing homes for mildly disabled older adults who prefer the change the healthy physical effects.

How does functional division within urban agglomeration affect CO2 emissions? An empirical study.

With intensified urbanization, cities are becoming increasingly important units for addressing air pollution issues. From the perspective of urban agglomeration (UA), in this paper, the influence of functional division on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is studied. To explore the spillover effect within UA, a spatial Durbin model is built. The mediating effects of economic growth, industrial structure, and technological progress are examined using the parallel multiple mediation model. An empirical study is carried out on the Yangtze River Delta in China. The results suggest that: at the UA level, functional division and CO2 emissions follows a positive "U-shaped" curve relationship. The level of functional division is located on the left side of this curve. This implies that when the functional division of the Yangtze River Delta improves, current CO2 emission levels will decrease. Within the UA, improving the level of functional division will minimize CO2 emissions of adjacent cities, exerting a significant spillover effect. Functional division imposes a significantly negative influence on CO2 emissions. Moreover, economic growth, industrial structure, and technological progress all exert a significant mediating effect on the influencing mechanism. Functional division within the UA can also significantly reduce CO2 by optimizing these three paths.

ANATOMICAL VARIATIONS OF SCIATIC NERVE - A CADAVERIC STUDY

Introduction: Sciatic nerve arises from lumbosacral plexus. It divides into tibial and common peroneal nerves from pelvis to popliteal region. The sciatic nerve usually exits from gluteal region below the piriformis muscle. Variations in course and level of division of sciatic nerve are well documented in the literature. Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate for variations in relationship between the piriformis muscle and sciatic nerve and also the variations in the level of division of sciatic nerve. Materials and Methods: This study was done on 80 lower limbs of the 40 embalmed cadavers during routine anatomical dissections in the Department of Anatomy, Siddhartha Medical College, Vijayawada. Regions were dissected according to the guidelines and variations in sciatic nerve course and level of division were noted. Results: In this study we noted that relationships between sciatic nerve and piriformis muscle are of type A in 82.50%, type B in 8.75%, type C in 5.0%, type D in 2.5% and rare type G in 1.25%. With regard to the level of the division of sciatic nerve these are of type I in 28.75%, type II in 8.75%, type III in 6.25%, type IV in 3.75% and type V in 52.5%. Conclusion: The study establishes the variations in sciatic nerve relationship with piriformis muscle and its level of division in south Indian population. These are important to understand the variable symptoms in cases of sciatic nerve injury or compressions, complications during surgeries on gluteal region and also sciatic nerve block anesthesia.

Wildlife and cultural landscapes continuum of European Russia in world heritage preservation

Unique Russian natural territories of outstanding global importance and included in the UNESCO World Heritage List are the subject of national pride of Russia. The purpose of the study is to show the objects of natural and cultural heritage of the European part of Russia in the context of a geoecological analysis of the possibilities and potential of nature-oriented tourism. To do this, calculations were made and mapping of the areas of the most probable anthropogenic penetration and mapping of various forms of conducting various types of economic activity was carried out by calculating and showing the buffer zone, the focus of anthropogenic influence for the entire territory of Russia. Calculations were made for the federal districts, which are the macro level of the administrative division of the Russian Federation. To calculate the area of wild nature, integral areas with minimal anthropogenic impact were allocated. It was accepted that the minimum area undisturbed by economic impact is taken to be plots with an area of at least 50 thousand hectares (500 sq. km). It has been established that in the North of the European part of Russia, large intact areas of wild nature have been preserved, which are the most important areas for the conservation of natural landscapes and the maintenance of biosphere services. It is stated that the actual contribution of the Russian Federation to the global conservation of the natural environment is very promising and important for the large-scale development of nature-oriented tourism in the country.