Level Of Disaster Preparedness Research Articles

Disaster Risk Reduction Measures and Disaster Preparedness of Elementary Schools in Babak District

The study determines the level of disaster risk reduction measures (DRRM) and disaster preparedness, as well as the significant relationship between the two variables in Cogon, San Antonio, and Toril elementary schools in Babak District. A descriptive-correlational research design was employed in this study. Data analysis involved the use of the weighted average mean and the Pearson Product- Moment Correlation Coefficient. A total of forty-five school heads and teachers respondents were selected through total population sampling. The findings of the study revealed that the levels of disaster risk reduction measures (DRRM) and disaster preparedness in the selected schools are very high, suggesting successful integration and implementation of DRRM strategies. Additionally, a significant relationship was found between the two variables, indicating that increased implementation of disaster risk reduction measures (DRRM) corresponds to higher levels of disaster preparedness in the schools. Consequently, incorporating DRRM into school systems improves the readiness of school heads and teachers for unexpected disasters. The school heads and teachers possess more knowledge and skills to handle disasters, as they are responsible for guiding and protecting students during such events.

The impact of educational and training programs on disaster awareness and preparedness among health sciences students: A quasi-experimental study

Disaster preparedness among health sciences students is critical but often insufficient. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a disaster awareness and impact reduction educational intervention in enhancing disaster preparedness. A quasi-experimental single-group pretest-posttest design was employed, with the intervention consisting of 16 h of education delivered over four weeks via a distance learning platform. The study involved 599 students from the faculties of health sciences, who were assessed at baseline and three months post-intervention. Results indicated that students’ baseline disaster preparedness levels were low, with no significant correlations found between demographic characteristics, previous disaster experiences, or prior disaster preparedness training and baseline preparedness levels. Repeated-measures Analysis of Variance confirmed a significant impact of the intervention after controlling for baseline preparedness levels. Significant improvements were observed post-intervention across all preparedness dimensions: disaster physical protection, disaster planning, disaster assistance, disaster warning systems, and total preparedness levels (p < .001). The most substantial gains were noted among students with initially low preparedness levels. These findings emphasize the importance of integrating disaster preparedness education into health sciences curricula to better equip future healthcare professionals for effective disaster response.

Disaster Preparedness among Households in the Municipality of Pura, Tarlac: An Analysis

This research endeavors to evaluate the level of disaster preparedness among households in the Municipality of Pura, Tarlac, employing a quantitative descriptive research approach. A survey questionnaire was utilized to gather data from 112 household respondents, selected through random sampling across barangays most vulnerable to disasters. Data analysis, facilitated by SPSS analytical statistics software, focused on identifying trends and correlations between disaster preparedness levels and encountered challenges. The findings reveal both strengths and challenges in disaster preparedness. While emergency plans, risk awareness, and response capacity demonstrate commendable efficacy, deficiencies in emergency supplies, community engagement, and infrastructure persist. Correlation analysis underscores the positive relationship between proactive measures and mitigation of challenges, emphasizing the importance of investing in comprehensive disaster management strategies. Recommendations are proposed based on the research findings. Strengthening emergency supplies and resources through equitable distribution mechanisms and community collaboration is advised. Fostering greater community engagement and collaboration, enhancing emergency plans, and improving response and recovery capacity are also recommended. These measures, encompassing workshops, collaboration initiatives, and resource provisions, aim to empower households with the necessary knowledge and resources for effective disaster preparedness, response, and recovery. Implementation of these recommendations is crucial for enhancing disaster resilience and readiness in the Municipality of Pura, Tarlac. By addressing identified challenges and bolstering proactive measures, the community can better safeguard its residents and infrastructure against future disasters, ensuring their safety and well-being.

An Overview of Junior High School Students’ Knowledge and Preparedness in Facing Natural Disasters

Introduction: Glagah is one of the districts in Lamongan Regency with a high potential for natural disasters such as floods, tornadoes, droughts, and forest fires. To reduce the impact of disasters, disaster mitigation is required. On the other hand, students are a vulnerable group to natural disasters. Before disaster mitigation is carried out, it is necessary to initially identify students’ level of disaster knowledge and preparedness. The purpose of the study was to determine students’ knowledge and preparedness in facing natural disasters. Method. The study used descriptive quantitative research with a sample of 310 junior high school students in Glagah District who were obtained using a two-stage cluster random sampling technique on March 6-10, 2024. The data were collected using a questionnaire on knowledge and preparedness for floods, tornadoes, and fires, and then analyzed descriptively. Result. The results indicated that students’ knowledge in dealing with floods, tornadoes, and fires was in the "good" category (96.5%; 87.4%; 71.6%). Students were in the "prepared" category for floods and fires (62.6%; 49.7%), and in the "very prepared" category for tornadoes (48.7%). Conclusion. Students demonstrated the best knowledge in flood and fire disasters. Students were in the "very prepared" category in tornado disasters, and in the "prepared" category in floods and fires. It is recommended that future researchers can conduct interventions to improve student preparedness in all types of natural disasters and identify students’ knowledge and preparedness in dealing with earthquake disasters.

Disaster management competence, disaster preparedness belief, and disaster preparedness relationship: Nurses after the 2023 Turkey earthquake.

To examine the relationship between nurses' competency levels in disaster nursing management, their disaster preparedness and disaster preparedness beliefs. Nurses' competency in disaster nursing management makes disaster response easier. Factors that may affect this reason should be examined. The study was conducted between April and July 2023 with nurses working in a province in the first-degree earthquake zone in Turkey. The sample of the study consisted of a total of 207 nurses who were selected from primary, secondary, and tertiary care institutions by using the stratified sampling method. Data were collected with a personal information form, the Competencies for Disaster Nursing Management Questionnaire, the Disaster Preparedness Scale, and the General Disaster Preparedness Beliefs Scale. Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests, Spearman regression coefficient, and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data. There was a positive correlation between nurses' competency levels regarding duties and responsibilities and their disaster preparedness levels. Having disaster-related training also positively affected the level of competence in duties and responsibilities. Belief in disaster preparedness and having "partial" knowledge about the disaster had no relationship with competencies. According to the International Council of Nurses and current studies on disaster nursing, "competence areas" are among the priority study subjects. According to the study results, disaster preparedness and having disaster-related education are effective factors in nurses' competencies related to duties and responsibilities. The results of this study may increase awareness in the healthcare system about nurses' disaster management competency levels and the factors that may affect this. It is recommended that disaster preparedness and disaster-related education factors should be taken into account in the initiatives and policies to be planned to improve the duty and responsibility competence of nurses.

The Importance of a Comprehensive Disaster Preparedness Strategy Focused on the Interplay of Individual and Community Elements: An Exploratory Study

This study is dedicated to identifying and understanding regional vulnerabilities within countries, focusing particularly on those susceptible to frequent and devastating disasters, such as Japan. The primary objective of this research is to delve into the dynamics of disaster preparedness, aiming to propose a robust framework that local governments can collaboratively establish with their citizens, demonstrating active leadership throughout the process. The central focus of this research is Mihama Town in Fukui Prefecture. This locale was chosen to evaluate the awareness levels of disaster preparedness among its residents, providing a microcosmic view of broader regional challenges. Simultaneously, the study seeks to scrutinize the leadership components integral to formulating public-sector disaster response policies. The research analyzed survey responses from 333 participants to distill crucial requirements for ensuring the safety and security of the town’s population. Utilizing structural equation modeling, the results of this study underscore the nuanced nature of building trust in municipal disaster preparedness. The research advocates a dual-pronged strategy. First, it emphasizes enhancing citizen services as a tangible manifestation of consistent government support for day-to-day community activities. Second, it highlights the necessity of maintaining clear and decisive leadership to ensure the sustained long-term viability of the community. The study stresses that alongside continually improving citizen services, an unwavering commitment to the local government’s message of “sustainable city development” is pivotal. The study’s proposed framework serves as a guide for local governments to not only prepare for but also effectively respond to disasters. It outlines the importance of a cohesive strategy that incorporates citizen engagement, robust leadership, and consistent service enhancement as pillars of disaster preparedness.

Optimizing the level of disaster preparedness for coastal children in creating a disaster resilient generation

Indonesia is home to various natural disasters, including earthquakes and tsunamis, due to its location in the Ring of Fire. Jember Regency in East Java is one of the areas with a high risk of these disasters. Sabrang Village, bordering the South Coast of Jember, has the potential to become a disaster-resilient village. This program aims to increase disaster preparedness for children on the south coast, optimize partner empowerment in increasing child preparedness, and establish a Disaster Empowerment Center (DEC) in Sabrang Village. The DEC program was implemented over three months, involving coastal children. Methods included education, training, and empowerment through Communication, Information, and Education (IEC) and disaster simulation training. Program evaluation used a preparedness questionnaire covering participants' knowledge, attitudes, and skills. The DEC program succeeded in increasing disaster preparedness for children in Sabrang Village. Collaboration with the village government, public health center, and other partners was crucial to the program's success. DEC implementation can serve as a model for community empowerment in dealing with earthquakes and tsunamis.

Evaluation of the disaster preparedness level of a flood-affected hospital: Turkey

This study aimed to evaluate the disaster preparedness levels of a hospital and its personnel who were exposed to flood disasters in the Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey. The study was designed qualitatively. Since it was aimed to obtain in-depth information, the phenomenology design was used in the study. The data were collected from 15 people through face-to-face interviews with a semi-structured interview form. The data were computerized to the MAXQDA 22 software and codes, categories, and themes were created. In the study, three themes were created: "infrastructure management and sustainability of critical facilities, preparation, and health service delivery". It was determined that infrastructure problems arose due to flooding on the lower floor and the hospital's garden as a result of the flood disaster. It was observed that medical equipment was prepared before the flood disaster and equity resources were protected after the disaster. It is thought that the exercise, trainings, creation of early warning systems and planning before the flood disaster will contribute significantly to the sustainability of health service provision in disaster situations. This may accelerate the transition of disaster victims to their normal lives.

Factors influencing disaster response self-efficacy among registered nurses in Bangladesh

BackgroundNurses are the most prominent healthcare professional group that receives disaster victims and provides regular healthcare support to them at the forefront of disasters and emergencies. As a result, assessing their disaster response self-efficacy (DRSE) level is critical. ObjectivesThis quantitative study assessed the level of registered nurses' disaster response self-efficacy in Bangladesh and determined the factors influencing DRSE. MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, five hundred sixty registered nurses' data were collected from 12 public and private hospitals in four districts of Bangladesh between August and September of 2023. The data was gathered using a self-administered questionnaire that included the modified Disaster Response Self-Efficacy Scale. To analyze the data, we utilized IBM SPSS 26 and Jamovi 2.3.21. ResultsThe study found a high level of disaster response self-efficacy (M = 3.96, SD = 0.58) among the registered nurses, while their disaster knowledge, skill, and preparedness levels were moderate. Low to moderate correlations were found between self-efficacy in disaster response and disaster-related knowledge (r = 0.349, p < 0.001), disaster skills (r = 0.526, p ˂0.001), and preparedness for disaster (r = 0.589, p ˂0.001) of the registered nurses. Older age, higher nursing designation, working experience in the emergency unit, and higher levels of disaster knowledge significantly influenced registered nurses' self-efficacy while responding to disasters. ConclusionRegistered nurses in Bangladesh have reported high self-efficacy while responding to disasters. However, to enhance their effectiveness, they need to improve their disaster knowledge, skills, and preparedness. To better respond during disasters, it is advisable that nurses receive training in disaster triage, post-disaster mental and psychological health, as well as primary and advanced life support.

Disaster Preparedness and First Aid Response: The Role of Emergency Nurses

Emergency nurses are pivotal in disaster preparedness and first aid response, being the first healthcare providers on the scene during emergencies. Their ability to assess situations swiftly, triage patients effectively, and collaborate with other professionals ensures timely and efficient care. They also contribute significantly to disaster preparedness by participating in drills and training, and by assisting in developing and implementing emergency response plans. Natural catastrophes harmed about 2 billion people worldwide between 2008 and 2018. According to the World Health Organization, countries and governments must always have catastrophe preparations and emergency health experts on hand. This review article aimed to examine the current level of disaster preparedness among nurses, to analyze some of the factors influencing nurses’ emergency preparedness and to define the roles of emergency nurses in both rapid first aid deployment and long-term disaster impact reduction. The data for this review paper are from published studies. Electronic databases of MEDLINE, PubMed, and Google Scholar were searched using the keywords: disaster preparedness, first aid response, emergency nurses, roles of nurses, and disaster response, and literature were retrieved and screened for eligibility. The date limit considered in the literature search was from 2018 to 2024 to capture only the variables identified in the study. The review revealed four issues which are (1) the Haddon Matrix Model, (2) current level of disaster preparedness among nurses, (3) roles of emergency nurses in disaster management, and (4) analyzing emergency preparedness and first aid impact of nurses in disasters. In conclusion, addressing these issues through targeted training, resource allocation, and policy implementation can enhance the overall preparedness of nurses in responding to disasters and improving outcomes for those affected. Ensuring that nurses are well-prepared, adequately trained, and equipped with the necessary resources, healthcare systems can better mitigate the impact of disasters and provide timely and effective care to those in need. This not only benefits the individuals directly affected by disasters but also strengthens the resilience of communities and healthcare systems as a whole.

Jordanian Nurses' Perceptions of Disaster Preparedness and Core Competencies.

This study aims to identify the Jordanian nurses' perception of their disaster preparedness and core competencies. A descriptive, cross-sectional research design was used. The data was collected via an online self-reported questionnaire using the disaster preparedness evaluation tool and the core disaster competencies tool. A total of 126 nurses participated in the study. Jordanian nurses had moderate to high levels of core disaster competencies and moderate levels of disaster preparedness. Core disaster competencies and disaster preparedness levels differed based on previous training on disaster preparedness, and the availability of an established emergency plan in their hospitals. Lastly, a previous training on disaster preparedness and core disaster competencies were statistically significant predictors of disaster preparedness among Jordanian nurses. Organizational factors and environmental contexts play a role in the development of such capabilities. Future research should focus on understanding the barriers and facilitators of developing core disaster competencies and disaster preparedness among nurses.

Disaster education as an effort to improve students' flood mitigation preparedness

Reducing disaster risk is an important thing that needs to be done at all levels of society, including students. This study aims to determine students' level of preparedness for flood disasters and the efforts made by schools in dealing with flood disasters. This study used a descriptive quantitative method conducted at SMA Negeri 1 Jeneponto. The population in this study was 95 students, with a total sample of 49 students determined using the Slovin formula with a ten percent margin of error. The data collection techniques used questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. The research results were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results of the study showed that knowledge of attitudes, emergency response plans, disaster warning systems, and students' disaster preparedness when a flood disaster occurs are included in the "very prepared" category. This research has implications for school practice in terms of developing a school curriculum that includes material on natural disasters and risk reduction, as well as training teachers and educators to teach and communicate about natural disasters to provide appropriate information to students.

DID THE EARTHQUAKE OF THE CENTURY AFFECT OUR PREPAREDNESS FOR DISASTERS: DETERMINING THE EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS OF STUDENTS IN TURKEY.

Disasters will always exist in human life. Therefore, societies must learn to live with disasters. This research was carried out to determine the disaster preparedness levels of nursing students after the earthquake of the century in Turkey. The descriptive study was conducted with 1067 students studying at nursing faculties in Turkey between April and May 2023. Data was collected via Google Forms using the "Disaster Preparedness Scale". The data obtained from the research were analyzed using descriptive tests in the SPSS 21 package program. Of the students participating in the research, 66.3% are women and 25% are 4th-grade students. The general total "Disaster Preparedness Scale" mean score of the students was 27.6. The knowledge of the students in the sub-dimensions of disaster physical protection, planning, and warning systems is insufficient. Our research results show that even after the earthquake of the century in our country, the expected awareness of the students about the importance of being prepared for disasters has not developed. New research and innovative educational interventions are needed to improve students' disaster preparedness.

Sustainable Earthquake Preparedness: A Cross-Cultural Comparative Analysis in Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia

Authorities and governmental bodies strongly emphasize the importance of residents preparing for natural disasters, particularly underscoring the significance of readiness for geophysical hazards like earthquakes. In this study, which represents comparative quantitative research, the levels and predictors of the impact on preparedness for earthquake-induced disasters in South-Eastern European countries such as Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia are examined. Using the snowball sampling technique (online questionnaire), a survey of 1245 respondents (Montenegro (n = 400), North Macedonia (n = 345), and Serbia (n = 500) was conducted from February 2023 to February 2024. The paper is based on the central hypothesis that the most significant predictor of earthquake preparedness in Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia is age, followed by education and gender. Multivariate regression analysis was used to determine the extent to which five scores of the subscales (household preparedness, community preparedness, disaster preparation, earthquake risk awareness, and reinforced house) were associated with seventh demographic and socio-economic variables. In addition to the mentioned analysis, other statistical analyses such as t-test, one-way ANOVA analysis, and Pearson correlation were also utilized. The results indicate that age emerges as a predictor in various aspects of earthquake-induced disaster preparedness and awareness in most models, followed by education and gender. These findings confirm the significance of respondents’ age in determining levels of preparedness and earthquake awareness. Overall, in North Macedonia, respondents recorded the highest ratings (M = 3.52) for household preparedness for earthquakes, compared to Serbia (M = 3.26) and Montenegro (M = 2.98), where the lower ratings were recorded. Research findings, taking into account cultural characteristics, can serve as a basis for the development of targeted interventions, strategies, policies, and programs aimed at improving the level of societal preparedness for earthquake-induced disasters.

Unveiling the Recipe for Disaster Vulnerability: A Multidimensional Analysis in Dumaguete City, Philippines

Disaster vulnerability is not just a condition but a consequence of the interactions of natural and social factors. From this viewpoint, it is imperative to consider both natural and social factors when planning effective disaster risk reduction strategies. This study sought to determine factors that predict disaster vulnerability. Specifically, this research determined the associations between several socio-ecological dimensions (e.g., environmental, social, and economic profile), coping capacity, disaster preparedness, and disaster vulnerability of selected households in Dumaguete city. Using snowball sampling, a descriptive correlational design was used to collect data from self-report surveys of non-probable samples of 150 households from different disaster-prone barangays. Frequency count, weighted mean, and standard deviation were used to describe the data, and a multiple linear regression analysis was done to test the study's hypotheses. Findings show that the respondents manifested moderate levels of coping capacity and disaster preparedness while having high levels of disaster vulnerability. The study revealed that disaster preparedness and coping capacity were negatively correlated to disaster vulnerability. Aside from coping capacity and disaster preparedness, environmental, social, and economic profiles were also noted to predict disaster vulnerability significantly. Environmental profile was the most vital determinant of the participants’ perceived disaster vulnerability. To better prepare for disasters, it is suggested that city disaster risk reduction strategies focus on helping vulnerable barangays develop better adaptive capacities and manage environmental hazards. This could include providing training on essential hazard management and creating income-generating opportunities to offset the adverse effects of disasters.

Assessment of School Teacher's Disaster Preparedness by Using Comprehensive School Safety Framework

The Comprehensive School Safety Framework (CSSF) is a comprehensive strategy for a safe learning environment for teachers, students and school staff. This study assessed the disaster preparedness level of secondary school teachers in the public school district Attock. Three hundred twenty teachers were selected from district Attock public based on their age, gender, qualification, teaching level and teaching experience. A five-point Likert scale survey instrument using the CSS framework was used to analyze the disaster preparedness of secondary school teachers. The data was collected through Google Forms using a survey. Data was standardized on MS Excel for a smooth run on SPPS. The data revealed that the majority of the schools are prepared for disaster. There are safe learning facilities, school disaster management, disaster risk reduction and resilience education. However, no school was found to be highly prepared. At the end of the study, the researcher gives further research recommendations on school safety based on the CSS framework.

High School Students’ Level of Awareness and Preparedness of Natural Disasters

Natural Disasters are unforeseen occurrences that put people's lives in peril, interrupt their lives, and result in fatalities, environmental damage, property losses, and psychological consequences. The study aims to determine the level of awareness and preparedness for natural disasters among high school students. Furthermore, this study employed a correlation research design conducted in a public secondary school of Eastern Philippines. The respondents of the study were 266 high school students who were selected through a stratified and a systematic random sampling technique. The study used an adapted survey questionnaire from Orbe et al. (2023). Findings revealed that high school students possess a highly aware of any kind of natural disaster. In addition, the result revealed that students are moderately prepared in natural disasters before, during, and after it occurred. Furthermore, the study found a significant relationship between the student's level of awareness and level of preparedness. Therefore, the students are highly aware and moderately prepared towards the occurrence of any kinds of natural catastrophes such as “floods, landslides, typhoons, etc.” Since some of the students are attending a simulation drill in preparations of what should the proper way on how to lessen the effects of any disastrous events.

DISASTER PREPAREDNESS, AWARENESS, AND PRACTICES OF RESIDENTS WITHIN RIVERINE FLOODING-AFFECTED AREAS IN DAVAO CITY, PHILIPPINES

Awareness and preparedness of residents living in accident-prone areas is imperative to avoid losing lives and properties. This is the case for the people living in riverines frequented by flood; they must be well-informed, prepared, and quick to repair the damages after the incident. It is the main reason the study was conducted, particularly about the levels of disaster preparedness, awareness adaptation, and mitigation practices of residents within riverine flooding-affected areas in Davao City. Four hundred residents along the riverine in Davao City were surveyed, and the data gathered were treated using statistical tools such as Mean, Pearson r, and Multiple Regressions. The result of the study disclosed that the residents of riverine flood-affected areas in Davao City rated their disaster preparedness as very high, as well as their disaster awareness, indicating that they are prepared and well-informed about the effects of floods. They also rated their adapting behavior and mitigation high, showing they knew how to adjust to their situation. Disaster preparedness is correlated to adaptation and mitigation; also, disaster awareness is correlated with adaptation and mitigation. The indicator of disaster awareness, namely flooding risk, strongly influences adaptation and mitigation. The implication of the study concerns the city government's action of relocating the people living in the area to avoid disastrous events.

Effectiveness of landslide mitigation education on disaster knowledge and preparedness of students in class VIII SMPN 1 Jenawi

The implementation of landslide disaster mitigation education for students is an effort that can be made to increase students’ disaster knowledge and preparedness for landslides. Actions are needed to increase disaster knowledge and preparedness to minimize the impact caused by disasters. The objectives of this study are (1) to analyze the level of disaster knowledge of grade VIII students towards landslides; (2) to analyze the preparedness of grade VIII students of SMP Negeri 1 Jenawi towards landslides; and (3) to analyze the effectiveness of the implementation of landslide disaster mitigation education on the level of disaster knowledge and the level of preparedness of grade VIII students of SMP Negeri 1 Jenawi. This quantitative research method uses a pretest-posttest control group experimental design that uses questionnaires for data collection. The results showed that 1) The level of disaster knowledge of experimental class students on pretest results has an average of 81.59, while the control class has an average of 79.71, 2) The level of preparedness of experimental class students has an average of 64.97, while the control class has an average of 66.52. 3) The effectiveness of implementing disaster mitigation education on the level of disaster knowledge and preparedness of students in the N-Gain Score test shows that it is effective enough to be applied as an appropriate and effective step in reducing the risk of landslides.

Disaster preparedness for tourist village organizers in disaster prone area of Merapi Yogyakarta

Background: A number of tourist villages in Sleman Regency are located in Disaster Prone Area (DPA). To minimize the risks of disasters, preparedness efforts are required. Some of the components of preparedness are: knowledge of disaster risks, polices and guidelines in relation to the preparedness to anticipate the occurrence of natural disaster, emergency plan for natural disasters, disaster alert system, and resources mobilization. Tourist Villages of Pentingsari, Nganggring, and Tunggularum are located in Merapi Disaster Prone Area (DPA). These three tourist villages were selected due to their high vulnerability and risk potential of Merapi eruption due to their locations in DPA III and DPA II. Methods: This is a qualitative study with case study design. The subjects of the study were tourist village organizers who had knowledge and understanding of tourist villages with the criteria of their positions in the tourist village organization. The sample taking technique applied to the subjects was the purposive sampling technique. Results: The level disaster preparedness in terms of knowledge parameter among some tourist village organizers was limited since only few things were understood. In terms of policy and guidelines parameter, these components were not available for the tourist village organizers. With regard to the parameter of emergency plan for the organizers, this component was limited since there were some lack of preparation in a number of components. In relation to the parameter of disaster alert system for the tourist village organizers, this aspect was found to be good. With regard to the parameter of resource mobilization for the tourist village organizers, it was found that this aspect was unavailable since there were not enough decent facilities. Conclusions: the level of disaster preparedness in the disaster prone area of Merapi Yogyakarta was still limited in dealing with the threats of Mount Merapi eruption disaster.