Levels Of Depressive Feelings Research Articles

0675 Levels of Depression Differentially Affect Sleep in People Who Have Had Cancer: Findings from the National Health Interview Survey

Abstract Introduction Cancer survivors experience an increased stress burden. Twenty-five percent (25%) of cancer survivors experience persistent depressive and anxiety symptoms and 40% are afflicted with chronic sleep problems. Analysis of this relationship between survivors’ mental health and sleep may elucidate components of stress burden in a particularly vulnerable population. This study examined the relationship between anxious and depressive symptoms and frequency predicting sleep patterns, comparing individuals with a cancer history versus those without. Methods Data emanated from the 2020 National Health Interview Survey dataset (n=31,568). Six percent (n=1936) of respondents reported a cancer history. The primary outcome was sleep duration, based on the average hours of sleep per night an individual reported over the past month, which was coded into “healthy” (7-8 hrs.) vs “unhealthy” (< 7 hrs. or > 9 hrs.) sleep. Level of anxiety and depression as well as frequency of reported symptoms were included in the models as predictors. Binary logistic regression models were performed to determine the discrete impact of depression and anxiety on sleep duration among individuals with and without a cancer history. Adjusted models included the demographic covariates of age, sex, education, household income, and race. Results In adjusted models, frequency of anxious feelings (OR = 1.19, p<.01,), frequency of depressive feelings (OR =1.29, p<.01,), level of anxious feelings (OR = 1.38, p<.01,), and level of depressive feelings (OR=1.15, p<.01) significantly predicted unhealthy sleep in the full sample. However, among individuals with a cancer history, frequency of anxious feelings (OR =1.16, p<.01,), level of anxious feelings (OR = 1.28, p<.01,) and frequency of depressive feelings (OR = 1.23, p<.01,) significantly predicted unhealthy sleep duration, but level of depressive feelings did not (OR = 1.08, p=.13,). Conclusion Mental health and sleep are closely and bidirectionally connected in the general population, but among individuals with a history of cancer the link between level of depression and healthy sleep were not significant. Further research is needed to understand the complex relationship between mental health and sleep among people with a cancer history. Support (if any) K01HL135452, K07AG052685, R01AG072644, R01HL152453, R01MD007716, R01HL142066, R01AG067523, R01AG056031, and R01AG075007.

Depression in public officials during the COVID-19 pandemic in Paraguay: a web-based study

BackgroundAccording to the World Health Organization, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created situations that have a negative effect on people and threaten their mental health. Paraguay announced the Estado de Emergencia Sanitaria (Presidential Decree No. 3456) on March 16, 2020, which was followed by the imposition of a 24-h restriction on movement order on March 21. Self-quarantine at home may have been the most effective method of preventing the spread of infectious diseases; however, with the global pandemic becoming more prolonged and the consequent lengthening of the 24-h self-quarantine period, it is highly probable that both physical and psychological problems will arise.MethodsIn this study, a web-based cross-sectional method was used to analyze the factors influencing COVID-19-induced depressive feelings in Paraguayan public officials.ResultsPublic officials reported a high level of depressive symptoms with a high level of apprehension in early stage of COVID-19. In addition, this study identified that when the self-quarantine period increased, levels of depressive feelings also increased. Since self-quarantine is characterized by the requirement that individuals endure an undetermined period within a confined area, it may have caused stress and anxiety, as well as the consequent experience of depressive feelings.ConclusionsParaguayan government should develop a program for the delivery of mental health care and services to public officials in COVID-19 Pandemic period. Moreover, a program is required for people facing deteriorating mental health due to social isolation and loneliness caused by social distancing during the prolonged period of self-quarantine. Finally, mental health care programs should be organized in a community-focused way by utilizing online systems to enhance the effectiveness of mental health recovery.

Neurological outcome after minimally invasive coronary artery bypass surgery (NOMICS): An observational prospective cohort study

Background/ObjectivesEndoscopic coronary artery bypass grafting (Endo-CABG) is a minimally invasive CABG procedure with retrograde arterial perfusion. The main objective of this study is to assess neurocognitive outcome after Endo-CABG.Methods/DesignIn this prospective observational cohort study, patients were categorised into: Endo-CABG (n = 60), a comparative Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) group (n = 60) and a healthy volunteer group (n = 60). A clinical neurological examination was performed both pre- and postoperatively, delirium was assessed postoperatively. A battery of 6 neurocognitive tests, Quality of life (QoL) and the level of depressive feelings were measured at baseline and after 3 months. Patient Satisfaction after Endo-CABG was assessed at 3-month follow-up. Primary endpoints were incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), stroke and delirium after Endo-CABG. Secondary endpoints were QOL, patient satisfaction and the incidence of depressive feelings after Endo-CABG.ResultsIn total, 1 patient after Endo-CABG (1.72%) and 1 patient after PCI (1.67%) suffered from stroke during the 3-month follow-up. POCD in a patient is defined as a Reliable Change Index ≤-1.645 or Z-score ≤-1.645 in at least two tests, and was found in respectively 5 and 6 patients 3 months after Endo-CABG and PCI. Total incidence of POCD/stroke was not different (PCI: n= 7 [15.9%]; Endo-CABG: n= 6 [13.0%], p = 0.732). ICU delirium after Endo-CABG was found in 5 (8.6%) patients. QoL increased significantly three months after Endo-CABG and was comparable with QoL level after PCI and in the control group. Patient satisfaction after Endo-CABG and PCI was comparable. At follow-up, the level of depressive feelings was decreased in all groups.ConclusionsThe incidence of poor neurocognitive outcome, including stroke, POCD and postoperative ICU delirium until three months after Endo-CABG is low and comparable with PCI.Trial registrationRegistered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02979782)

309 - Quality of life in caregiver in a gender perspective

Background and aimPeople with dementia depend on a relative to be able to stay at home longer However, being a caregiver has shown to influence on their quality of life (QoL). Depression is the most common factor associated with low caregiver QoL, while relational factors have shown to be a protective factor. Less is known about how female and male caregivers approve to the caregiving demands, and thus how these demands influence their QoL. In this study, we aimed at investigating what factors influenced on QoL related to gender and how these fluctuated with time.MethodIn this longitudinal design, a total of 208 caregivers, 158 female mean age 62.5 and 50 male caregivers, mean age 67.9 were assessed for Quality of Life-Alzheimer Disease (QoL). In addition, depression, family relationship and caregivers’ burden of care were assessed. Linear regression analyses were applied to explore the bivariate and multivariate associations between the dependent variable QoL and potential explanatory variables.The same questionnaires were completed at one-year follow-up, and the results from the remaining 176 caregivers were compared with their baseline scorings.ResultsCaregivers’ depressive feelings were the strongest predictors of caregivers’ QoL. What differed in the explained perceived QoL was feeling of social isolation in female caregivers, and male caregivers’ perception of their care receivers’ emotionally overinvolved attitude towards them. Additionally, female caregivers expressed a higher burden and cared for a relative more affected by their dementia. After one year, their QoL declined, more for male than female, while their level of depressive feelings, distress and level of EOI remained unchanged.ConclusionThe study revealed that except for depressive feelings, female and male caregivers faced their caring experience, differently. The implication of these findings is that gender must be considered when planning for interventions. While female caregivers might need more time for leisure activities, male caregivers need ways to deal with their emotional relationship with their care receivers. Treatment of their depressive feelings seems to be crucial. They would also need approaches specifically targeting the different stages as dementia develop.

Self-Regulation Mediates the Link Between Family Context and Socioemotional Competence in Turkish Preschoolers

Research Findings: In this study, we examined self-regulatory skills, namely, effortful control and executive function, in Turkish preschoolers (N = 217) and their mediating roles in the associations between parenting and children’s socioemotional competence. We also investigated the role of family socioeconomic status and maternal psychological well-being in these concurrent associations. Mother reports were used for maternal depressive symptoms, parenting behaviors, and children’s effortful control. Individual assessment was utilized for executive function, and socioemotional competence was assessed via multiple methods (mother report, teacher report, and individual assessments). Structural equation modeling results showed that effortful control mediated the paths from power-assertion to children’s socioemotional competence. The pathway extending from depressive symptoms to socioemotional competency was mediated by power-assertiveness and effortful control. Socioeconomic status was not associated with socioemotional competence through either parenting or self-regulatory constructs. Practice or Policy: The results revealed that even moderate levels of depressive feelings experienced by mothers presented a risk factor for early effortful control and socioemotional development in young children through increasing harsh child rearing. These findings suggest that, given its potential role in the development of early fundamental abilities, it is important to take precautions against adverse effects of even low levels of maternal depression.

Financial stress, parent functioning and adolescent problem behavior: an actor-partner interdependence approach to family stress processes in low-, middle-, and high-income families.

The family stress model proposes that financial stress experienced by parents is associated with problem behavior in adolescents. The present study applied an actor-partner interdependence approach to the family stress model and focused on low-, middle-, and high-income families to broaden our understanding of the pathways by which the financial stress of mothers and fathers are related to adolescent outcomes. The study uses dyadic data (N = 798 heterosexual couples) from the Relationship between Mothers, Fathers and Children study in which two-parent families with an adolescent between 11 and 17 years of age participated. Path-analytic results indicated that in each of the families the association between parents' financial stress and problem behavior in adolescents is mediated through parents' depressive symptoms, interparental conflict, and positive parenting. Family stress processes also appear to operate in different ways for low-, middle-, and high-income families. In addition to a higher absolute level of financial stress in low-income families, financial stress experienced by mothers and fathers in these families had significant direct and indirect effects on problem behavior in adolescents, while in middle- and high-income families only significant indirect effects were found. The financial stress of a low-income mother also had a more detrimental impact on her level of depressive feelings than it had on mothers in middle-income families. Furthermore, the study revealed gender differences in the pathways of mothers and fathers. Implications for research, clinical practice, and policy are also discussed.

Recollections of harsh discipline in childhood and depressive feelings in adulthood: The roles of culture and gender

The present study examined the roles of culture and gender in the association between recollections of harsh discipline experienced during childhood and levels of depressive feelings in early adulthood. A sample of Jewish (n = 250) and Arab (n = 115) university students reported regarding exposure to corporal punishment and emotional aggression from each parent during childhood, and about current depressive feelings. Consistent with predictions, both culture and gender moderated the links between corporal punishment (used by either mother or father) and depression. Arab males, for whom exposure to corporal punishment might be more culturally normative, showed a different pattern than both Arab females and Jewish respondents. Moreover, culture moderated the association between emotional aggression from fathers (but not mothers) and depression. The discussion focuses on the importance of examining the effects of gender (of child and parent) in conjunction with culture, and on the complex role of cultural normativeness.

Functional ability, social support, and depression in rheumatoid arthritis.

First, to investigate the patterns of functional ability, depressive feelings, and social support in early stage rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Second, to demonstrate the stress buffering effect of social support. Social support is thought to reduce the impact of chronic stress on psychological well-being; for patients without social support the impact of functional ability on depressive feelings will be stronger. In 4 waves with an intervening period of 1 year, longitudinal data was collected of 264 Dutch RA patients, of which 65% was female. At T1, the mean age of these patients was 53 years, while their mean disease duration was 22 months. In an interview at the patients' homes, data was collected on functional ability, social support en psychological well-being. The buffering effect of social support was examined by testing the significance of the (computed) stressor by social support interaction term in a regression analysis on depressive feelings. Although large differences between subjects existed, the mean scores on functional ability, social support, and depressive feelings barely changed from year to year. Patients who deteriorated in functional ability during one year had the best chances to improve next year, and visa versa. Furthermore, the stress by support interaction terms had no significant effect on depressive feelings in a regression analysis. This study demonstrated clearly the fluctuating pattern of RA in the first years after onset. The patients' level of depressive feelings was linearly related to the level of functional ability. Like many other studies, also this study could not provide evidence for the stress buffering effect of social support.

Parents' attribution of positive characteristics to their children with cancer

The main objective of this study was to determine whether positive attribution is characteristic of parents of children with a life-threatening disease. Parents (n = 321) and their children (n = 205) in different conditions (cancer in mission and with a relapse, asthma, and healthy controls) completed questionnaires to investigate parents' attribution of positive characteristics to their children, children's depressive behavior, and the correspondence between these two sources of information. It was found that parents of children with cancer attributed significantly more cheerful behavior to their children than parents of children with asthma and parents of healthy children. The findings obtained were equivalent for the mothers and the fathers. The levels of depressive symptoms reported by the children in the four groups did not differ. The parents' attribution of depressive behavior to their child was significantly different from the children's reports in all cases except from the children in the healthy group. Parents' attribution of positive characteristics to their children with cancer, the children's own repon of a low level of depressive feelings, and the low parentchild agreement supports a proposed mechanism of self-protection by parents of children with cancer. If parents of children with cancer need to see their children as strong, they will be less likely to accurately report their children's emotional feelings. More research is needed to determine whether positive attribution influences the emotional adjustment of parents of children with cancer.

The vulnerable body image of females with feelings of depression

Abstract One hundred and twenty-one female students participated in a two-part experiment that was designed to investigate the impact of external, weight-related feedback on the body image of females with different levels of depressive feelings. As predicted, female participants with greater feelings of depression who were given weight feedback that was too high produced body image estimates that were proportionally larger and significantly different from their depressed counterparts who were given weight feedback that was too low. In contrast, the body size estimations of the participants with low feelings of depression were not affected by the weight-related feedback. These findings indicate that females with feelings of depression may have a body image that is vulnerable to external feedback (e.g., societal messages), which may have implications about the treatment and prevention of body image disturbances.