Levels Of Damage Research Articles

A post-hurricane building debris estimation workflow enabled by uncertainty-aware AI and crowdsourcing

Climate disasters often result in large amounts of debris that need to be cleaned up in the event's aftermath. Effective post-disaster debris management poses unique challenges due to limited resources, high expenses, and the nonhomogeneous and hazardous debris content. Current practices of debris cleanup rely on time-consuming and error-prone field-based estimation, which impedes immediate response and accurate analysis. While new approaches such as artificial intelligence (AI) and crowdsourcing have shown promise in various domains, their potential for debris estimation remains underexplored. This study leverages a human-AI teaming workflow that estimates post-disaster debris volume and composition. The workflow begins with the utilization of drones to capture aerial views for efficient disaster infrastructure reconnaissance. Subsequently, an AI model and a crowdsourcing module are calibrated and work together to rapidly and reliably detect damaged buildings and classify the levels of damage based on aerial imagery. By establishing a connection between building damage states and the resulting generated debris, these damage level predictions serve as a foundation for the efficient and accurate estimation of debris. Overall, the proposed approach uses drones for rapid data collection and AI to automate damage detection and classification, which reduces the time required for debris estimation from days to a few hours as well as minimizes predictive uncertainty with crowdsourcing by up to 40%. A case study on Hurricane Laura in 2020 was conducted to validate the proposed approach. Findings of this study lead to predicting debris volume and composition with minimal errors, particularly for partially damaged buildings.

Development of a Device for Primary Purification of Mung Bean Grain from Pods and Optimization of Its Main Design Dimensions and Operating Modes

It is important to create a technically and technologically improved device that reduces the damage to the mung during the process of removing the pods from the currently cultivated mung grain. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the design of the device, to justify its parameters and operating modes, for the complete separation and preliminary cleaning of mung beans without damaging them. The article presents the results of optimization of the main design dimensions and operating modes of the device for separating mung bean from the pods. The results of experimental studies showed that the proposed device has a high degree of completeness in separating mung bean from its pods and a low level of damage, low grain damage and high grain purity, which can be ensured with a sag length of 170 mm, a shaft oscillation number of 300 min-1, the amplitude of the shaft is 11.5 mm, its angle of inclination is 12 degrees. The design of the device for preliminary cleaning of mung grain by separating it from pods has been developed. The scientific significance of the research results is based on the structural dimensions and operating modes, as well as the resulting analytical connections and mathematical models, to ensure the quality of initial cleaning, to separate mung beans from pods completely and without damage, using less energy and resources. can be used to justify the parameters of similar devices. The developed device reduces the consumption of energy and labor during the initial cleaning of mung grain from pods, as well as the loss of grain.

Separation of telomere protection from length regulation by two different point mutations at amino acid 492 of RTEL1.

RTEL1 is an essential DNA helicase that plays multiple roles in genome stability and telomere length regulation. A variant of RTEL1 with a lysine at position 492 is associated with short telomeres in Mus spretus , while a conserved methionine at this position is found in M. musculus , which has ultra-long telomeres. In humans, a missense mutation at this position ( Rtel1 M492I ) causes a fatal telomere biology disease termed Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome (HHS). Introducing the Rtel1 M492K mutation into M. musculus shortened the telomeres of the resulting strain, termed 'Telomouse', to the length of human telomeres. Here, we report on a mouse strain carrying the Rtel1 M492I mutation, termed 'HHS mouse'. The HHS mouse telomeres are not as short as those of Telomice but nevertheless they display higher levels of telomeric DNA damage, fragility and recombination, associated with anaphase bridges and micronuclei. These observations indicate that the two mutations separate critical functions of RTEL1: M492K mainly reduces the telomere length setpoint, while M492I predominantly disrupts telomere protection. The two mouse models enable dissecting the mechanistic roles of RTEL1 and the different contributions of short telomeres and DNA damage to telomere biology diseases, genomic instability, cancer, and aging.

Immunometabolic interplay in Edwardsiella tarda-infected crucian carp (Carassius auratus) and in vitro identification of the antimicrobial activity of apolipoprotein D (ApoD) by utilization of multiomics analyses

Edwardsiella tarda is an intracellular pathogenic bacteria that can imperil the health of farmed fish. However, the interactive networks of immune regulation and metabolic response in E. tarda-infected fish are still unclear. In this investigation, we aimed to explore immunometabolic interplay in crucian carp after E. tarda infection by utilizing multiomics analyses. Crucian carp (Carassius auratus) receiving E. tarda infection showed increased levels of tissue damage and oxidative injury in liver. Multiomics analyses suggested that carbon and amino acid metabolism may be considered as crucial metabolic pathways in liver of crucian carp following E. tarda infection, while spaglumic acid, isocitric acid and tetrahydrocortisone were the crucial liver biomarkers. After that, a potential antimicrobial peptide (AMP) sequence called apolipoprotein D (ApoD) was identified from omics study. Then, tissue-specific analysis indicated that liver CaApoD showed the highest expression among isolated tissues. After Aeromonas hydrophila stimulated, CaApoD expressions increased sharply in immune-related tissues. Moreover, CaApoD fusion protein could mediate the in vitro binding to A. hydrophila and E. tarda, attenuate bacterial growth as well as diminish bacterial biofilm forming activity. These findings may have a comprehensive implication for understanding immunometabolic response in crucian carp upon infection.

Understanding and phenomenological modeling of the pinching effect of the load–deflection curve of reinforced concrete beams subjected to bending

The reliable prediction of the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures hinges on accurate modeling of the cyclic behavior of their constituent elements. The load–deflection curve in RC beams exhibits a pinched hysteresis pattern corresponding to energy dissipations. This pinching effect, often observed under seismic loading conditions, reflects a reduction in stiffness and energy dissipation capacity at certain loading stages. Despite its significance, the detailed mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain underexplored in existing literature. This paper aims to address this gap by presenting simplified models that directly represents the pinching effect at the crack scale. The model is grounded in a comprehensive analysis of shear stress interactions and crack closure dynamics, hypothesized as primary contributors to the pinching phenomenon. Our approach involves a meticulous examination of the hysteresis loops’ area and shape, facilitating the estimation of an equivalent viscous damping ratio to represent energy dissipation in seismic simulations, irrespective of changes in the structure’s damage or ductility levels. The paper unfolds in three key sections: The first section underscores the significance of a nuanced understanding of the pinching effect in seismic analysis. The second section presents an extensive literature review, consolidating crucial insights into the nature of the pinching phenomenon. The third section details the development and application of the proposed mesoscopic model, highlighting the impact of various geometrical and material parameters on the pinching effect.

Comparative dosimetric analysis of normal brain tissue in patients with Nasopharyngeal carcinoma at different stages after radiation therapy

IntroductionRadiotherapy (RT) is the main treatment for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). NPC patients at different stages have varying levels of damage to normal brain tissue after RT. No study has yet thoroughly analyzed the variations in radiation dosages in the brain for different stages of NPC patients treated with RT. This study aims to examine these variations. Methods1446 NPC patients’ CT and RTdose data were retrospectively reviewed. Analysis of the radiation dosage was executed on these 803 patients. The RTdose images for several patient groups were averaged after registering each patient’s RTdose data to the CT brain template created in our earlier study. The voxel-based (VB) analysis was used to examine the dose variations in the brains of three groups of NPC patients: the early-stage group, the stage III group, and the stage IV group. ResultsAs the disease progresses from early to advanced stages, the intensity and volume of radiation in the brain increase. The normal brain tissue accepted a substantially larger dosage in more advanced NPC patients. Differences in brain regions between stage III and early-stage patients were minimal compared to any other two groups. Brain regions exhibited substantial variations between the stage IV group and all other patient groups were broadly distributed. ConclusionOur findings highlight the critical role of NPC staging in the therapeutic strategy, emphasizing the heterogeneity of radiation-induced tissue damage across disease stages and implying the need to develop stage-specific RT plans.

Examining the Effect of Structural Characteristics of Antakya Building Stock on the Damage Level After the Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes

ABSTRACT This study examines the structural characteristics and post-earthquake damage status of 2790 buildings in Antakya downtown after the Kahramanmaraş earthquakes.The study reveals how structural features, especially building typologies, construction year, number of floors, ground, and load-bearing systems, affect damage status of buildings.Damage levels resulting from the earthquake were documented, and the causes of these damages were identified.Comparisons and analyses clarify the possible vulnerability and risk status of these structures, based on studies conducted before the earthquake.This study emphasizes the importance of post-earthquake structural analyses, damage assessments, and supports future building projects and measures to be taken against earthquake risks.

Comparative analysis of the seismic performance of ECC jacket reinforced columns with different cross-sectional forms subject to different load modes

Based on the high tensile strength and tensile strain of (engineered cementitious composites) ECC, it is applied to the weak link central columns of subway stations to enhance their seismic resilience. In this study, the effects of the column's cross-sectional shape, ECC jacket form, and the vertical gravity load and vertical dynamic load during seismic action on the hysteretic performance of the column were thoroughly analyzed. A constrained constitutive model for cementitious materials, a reinforced hysteresis constitute model, and a calculated damage factor for concrete were adopted to establish a three-dimensional refined column model with an experimentally verified error of less than 10 %. After that, the damage distribution and damage degree of the columns, as well as the changes in hysteretic performance such as hysteretic curve, skeleton curve, energy dissipation, and stiffness degradation were analyzed by the static model analysis. The results showed that the columns had higher damage levels under high frequency and high amplitude of dynamic axial compression ratio in the vertical direction compared to the constant high axial compression ratio, and the ECC jacket could effectively reduce the damage levels of the columns, but the use of the in-built ECC (IB-ECC) jacket was better than the out-sourced ECC (OS-ECC) jacket. In addition, the IB-ECC jacket did not significantly improve the peak bearing capacity of the columns, but significantly improved the ultimate bearing capacity and displacement ductility of the columns, while the OS-ECC jacket significantly improved the peak bearing capacity of the columns. The ECC jacket was also effective in slowing down the stiffness degradation of the columns. This study significantly contributes to the design strategies for enhancing the resilience of columns in subway stations.

Investigation on dynamic response of thin spherical shells impacted by flat-nose projectile based on a novel damage model

Thin-shell structures are widely used in various engineering applications. It is essential to investigate the impact resistance of thin-shell structures, to provide theoretical support for engineering applications. Numerous impact tests have been conducted on thin spherical shells using ballistic guns. The effects of the impact velocity and shell thickness on the deformation and fracture of thin spherical shells are summarized. Moreover, a novel damage model based on statistic damage mechanics is proposed to better predict dynamic responses of thin shells impacted by projectiles. Considering that fracture surfaces are formed by void evolution and are affected by the stress states, the damage level is defined as the ratio of the statistical cross-sectional area of the voids to the cross-sectional area of the representative elements. Utilizing statistical methods, the incorporation of continuous void nucleation, ellipsoidal void growth, and the acceleration of dynamic void evolution are introduced into the novel damage model. Subsequently, numerical investigations of the dynamic response of spherical shells under impact are conducted based on the proposed damage model. The numerical results are consistent with the experimental results in terms of the depression deformations and strain signals. The effects of shell thickness and double-layer structures on the dynamic response of spherical shells are investigated via numerical simulations considering the novel damage model in detail. The results demonstrate that the proposed model can accurately predict the dynamic response of spherical shells impacted by flat-nose projectiles, thus serving as a valuable reference for engineering design.

NMN partially rescues cuproptosis by upregulating sirt2 to increase intracellular NADPH

Cuproptosis is characterized by lipoylated protein aggregation and loss of iron–sulfur (Fe–S) proteins, which are crucial for a wide range of important cellular functions, including DNA replication and damage repair. Sirt2 and sirt4 are lipoamidases that remove the lipoyl moiety from lipoylated proteins using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) as a cofactor. However, to date, it is not clear whether nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a precursor of NAD+, affects cellular sensitivity to cuproptosis. Therefore, in the current study, cuproptosis was induced by the copper (Cu) ionophore elesclomol (Es) in HeLa cells. It was also found that Es/Cu treatment increased cellular DNA damage level. On the other hand, NMN treatment partially rescued cuproptosis in a dose-dependent manner, as well as reduced cellular DNA damage level. In addition, NMN upregulated the expression of Fe-S protein POLD1, without affecting the aggregation of lipoylated proteins. Mechanistic study revealed that NMN increased the expression of sirt2 and cellular reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) level. Overexpression of sirt2 and sirt4 did not change the aggregation of lipoylated proteins, however, sirt2, but not sirt4, increased cellular NADPH levels and partially rescued cuproptosis. Inhibition of NAD+ kinase (NADK), which is responsible for generating NADPH, abolished the rescuing function of NMN and sirt2 for Es/Cu induced cell death. Taken together, our results suggested that DNA damage is a characteristic feature of cuproptosis. NMN can partially rescue cuproptosis by upregulating sirt2, increase intracellular NADPH content and maintain the level of Fe-S proteins, independent of the lipoamidase activity of sirt2.

Soybean seed pest damage detection method based on spatial frequency domain imaging combined with RL-SVM

Soybean seeds are susceptible to damage from the Riptortus pedestris, which is a significant factor affecting the quality of soybean seeds. Currently, manual screening methods for soybean seeds are limited to visual inspection, making it difficult to identify seeds that are phenotypically defect-free but have been punctured by stink bugs on the sub-surface. To facilitate the convenient and efficient identification of healthy soybean seeds, this paper proposes a soybean seed pest detection method based on spatial frequency domain imaging combined with RL-SVM. Firstly, soybean optical data is obtained using single integration sphere technique, and the vigor index of soybean seeds is obtained through germination experiments. Then, based on the above two data items using feature extraction algorithms (the successive projections algorithm and the competitive adaptive reweighted sampling algorithm), the characteristic wavelengths of soybeans are identified. Subsequently, the spatial frequency domain imaging technique is used to obtain the sub-surface images of soybean seeds in a forward manner, and the optical coefficients such as the reduced scattering coefficient μ′s\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${{\\mu }{\\prime}}_{s}$$\\end{document} and absorption coefficient μa\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\\mu }_{a}$$\\end{document} of soybean seeds are inverted. Finally, RL-MLR, RL-GRNN, and RL-SVM prediction models are established based on the ratio of the area of insect-damaged sub-surface to the entire seed, soybean varieties, and μa\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\\mu }_{a}$$\\end{document} at three wavelengths (502 nm, 813 nm, and 712 nm) for predicting and identifying soybean the stinging and sucking pest damage levels of soybean seeds. The experimental results show that the spatial frequency domain imaging technique yields small errors in the optical coefficients of soybean seeds, with errors of less than 15% for μa\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\\mu }_{a}$$\\end{document} and less than 10% for μ′s\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${{\\mu }{\\prime}}_{s}$$\\end{document}. After parameter adjustment through reinforcement learning, the Macro-Recall metrics of each model have improved by 10%-15%, and the RL-SVM model achieves a high Macro-Recall value of 0.9635 for classifying the pest damage levels of soybean seeds.

Damage investigation in steel pipe under pressure and combined bending moment: Application in structure connected by elbow and reduced tee

Steel tubular structures in pipelines, or those connections such as concentric reductions, reduced tees, and elbows, all differ in their response to loading, they are sometimes solicited to complex and combined loads, which accumulate with the internal pressure to their solicitation cause in certain situation their damage, the objective in this analysis is to numerically predict the mechanical behavior until damage of a complete tubular structure, which contains the connecting elements of an elbow and a reduced tee attached to each other by straight tubular parts, this structure, by its standardized dimensions presents a real design of a main pipeline spigot for a possible supply line, this tubular structure is analyzed in this work under these real pressure conditions, and combined loads probably coming from the weight of a valve, or a pipe flanged to this spigot element or other, in X60 steel This structure is solicited under different combined modes of loading. The elastic-plastic behavior is under Voce’s model and Von Mises’ equivalent stress flow theory, the damage of the structure by crack initiation and propagation is ensured by using the XFEM technique, the response up to damage of the structure is evaluated under the effect of the parameters of the combined loading mode, we present by angular bendingrotation moment curves that these parameters clearly condition the response and the level of damage.

First time ACS in patients with on-target lipid levels: Inflammation at admission and re-event rate at follow-up.

Dyslipidaemia, inflammation and elevated Lp(a) levels are associated with the progression of atherosclerosis. This study investigates whether patients with a first-time presentation of chest pain and on-target LDL-C levels and intermediate FRS/ESC-Score risks, display a high inflammatory burden linked to myocardial injury and whether inflammation at admission affects the re-event rate up to 6 years follow-up. Blind assessments of novel inflammatory markers such as Glycoprotein A and B via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), cytokines, hsCRP, Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and Lipoprotein(a) levels were examined. Out of 198 chest pain patients screened, 97 met the inclusion criteria at admission. cTnI(+) patients (>61 ng/L) with elevated Lipoprotein(a), showed significantly increased levels of Glycoprotein A and B, hsCRP, IL-6, a high NLR and a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (%) compared to cTnI(-) individuals. Those patients, with a higher inflammatory burden at hospital admission (hsCRP, IL-6, Glycoprotein A and B, and Lipoprotein(a)) had a higher re-event rate at follow-up. Inflammation and Lipoprotein(a) levels were particularly prominent in patients presenting with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. Notably, Glycoproteins A/B emerge as novel markers of inflammation in these patients. Our study highlights the significantly higher impact of inflammatory burden in patients with chest pain and high level of myocardial damage than in those with lower myocardial affectation, even when they all had lipid levels well controlled. Inflammation at the time of admission influenced the re-event rate over a follow-up period of up to 6 years.

Kondisi Terumbu Karang Di Perairan Leato Selatan Kecamatan Dumbo Raya Provinsi Gorontalo

Coral reefs are one of the tropical aquatic ecosystems which have a very important function both for the organisms that build this ecosystem and the surrounding ecosystems, namely seagrass ecosystems and mangrove ecosystems. Coral reef ecosystems are coastal area resources that are very vulnerable to damage, especially caused by human behavior/surrounding communities. The aim of the research is to determine the percentage of coral cover and coral reef mortality index in South Leato waters. This research was carried out from February to March 2024, located in South Leato Waters, Dumbo Raya District, Gorontalo Province. The research uses the Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) method, where the data is processed and analyzed with CPCe software. Based on the percentage of live coral cover from each station, namely Station I of 48.53% is in the medium category, Station II of 27.56% is in the medium category, Station III of 39.97% is in the medium category. With an average live coral cover of 38.69%, it is in the medium category, referring to the Decree of the Minister of Environment No. 4 of 2001 concerning Standard Criteria for Coral Reef Damage. The percentage level of coral reef damage calculated using the Mortality Index is station I at 0.46, station II at 0.66, station III at 0.67. The average mortality index for coral reefs in South Leato waters is 0.59, falling into the high mortality index category.

Effect of connection modes on seismic responses of a diaphragm wall-subway station system subjected to mainshock-aftershock sequences

Most existing seismic behavior analyses of underground structures simply consider a single earthquake. Meanwhile, the diaphragm wall, as an enclosure structure, is regarded as a security reserve and is always ignored in current studies. Herein, the characteristics of a diaphragm wall-subway station system with different connection modes under earthquake sequences were investigated using numerical simulation. The damage degree of the structural component was calculated through quantitative analysis of the tensile damage picture. The seismic damage level of the station structure was evaluated to characterize the damage transition effect induced by the aftershock according to the inter-story drift angle. Moreover, an empirical model for predicting the inter-story drift angle with respect to different peak accelerations was proposed. The research results indicate that the effect of the connection mode between the sidewall and the diaphragm wall on the damage evolution and deformation behavior of the station structure is significant. Compared with that of the compound wall structure, the seismic damage to the sidewall of the composite wall structure is much less severe, but the slabs become more vulnerable and suffer more severe damage. The accumulative damage triggered by aftershocks aggravates the extent of structural damage and even leads to damage transition. The conclusions illustrated in this paper contribute to a better understanding of the seismic resistance design of diaphragm wall-subway station systems under earthquake sequences.

Spatial and Temporal Variation in the Antagonistic and Mutualistic Interactions among Seed Predator Arthropods, Seed-Dispersing Birds, and the Spanish Juniper.

Plants interact with both antagonistic and mutualistic animals during reproduction, with the outcomes of these interactions significantly influencing plant reproductive success, population dynamics, and the evolution of plant traits. Here, we investigated the spatial and temporal variations in the interactions between Juniperus thurifera, its seed-dispersing birds, and three specific arthropod species that attack the fleshy cones during the predispersal period. We assessed how plant traits affect levels of cone damage by arthropods and seed dispersal by birds, the occurrence of competition among arthropod species, and the impact of seed predators on the activity of frugivores. Plant traits, cone damage by arthropods, and seed dispersal by birds showed spatiotemporal variability. Fluctuation in cone abundance was the leading factor determining damage by arthropods and bird dispersal with a secondary role of cone traits. Large crops satiated predispersal seed predators, although the amount of frugivory did not increase significantly, suggesting a potential satiation of bird dispersers. Crop size and cone traits at individual trees determined preferences by seed predator species and the foraging activity of bird dispersers. Competition among arthropods increased during years of low cone production, and seed predators sometimes negatively affected bird frugivory. High supra-annual variations in cone production appear to be a key evolutionary mechanism enhancing J. thurifera reproductive success. This strategy reduces the impact of specialized seed predators during years of high seed production, despite the potential drawback of satiating seed dispersers.

Redox-sensitive disulfide-bridged self-assembled nanoparticles of dexamethasone with high drug loading for acute lung injury therapy

Acute lung injury (ALI) arises from an excessive inflammatory response, usually progressing to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) if not promptly addressed. There is currently a limited array of effective treatments available for ALI. In this study, we developed disulfide bond-bridged prodrug self-assembled nanoparticles (referred to as DSSS NPs). These nanoparticles were consisted of Dexamethasone (Dex) and stearic acid (SA), and were designed to target and treat ALI. DSSS NPs demonstrated a substantial drug loading capacity with 37.75 % of Dex, which is much higher than conventional nanomedicines (usually < 10 %). Moreover, they exhibited the potential to specifically target injured lung tissue and inflammatory microenvironment-responsive release drugs. Consequently, DSSS NPs reduced significantly the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and tissue damage in mice with ALI induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Overall, DSSS NPs offer a promising strategy for treatment of acute lung injury.

Seismic loss assessment of direct-DBD platform-type cross-laminated timber shear wall systems using FEMA P-58 methodology

An efficient design method should provide practitioners with a means for sizing timber buildings to meet specific performance levels against estimated earthquake intensities. Displacement and energy design considerations in force-based design (FBD) procedures are not as precise as intended in complex systems, such as mid- to high-rise timber buildings. The main aim of this study is to tailor the direct displacement-based design (D-DBD) classical framework to platform-type cross-laminated timber (CLT) shear wall structural systems and validate their performance for low-rise to high-rise timber mixed-use buildings. A comparison with results obtained via the FBD analyses is also provided. To this end, timber buildings with heights of 4, 8 and 12 stories are designed via the D-DBD and FBD methods. The seismic performance of platform-type CLT wall buildings is assessed in terms of the repair cost, repair time and casualty rate using FEMA P-58 methodology. The seismic response of CLT shear walls shows that the FBD method may lead to an expensive overdesign, especially in high-rise platform-type CLT walls. Conversely, the D-DBD method develops structural systems which can sustain a comparable level of damage from low- to high-rise platform-type CLT walls. Although the seismic loss assessment of buildings shows slightly better performance for the FBD method than the D-DBD method, it is worth noting that the D-DBD method does not lead to an unsafe building. Consequently, the D-DBD method sounds like a proper alternative approach for designing the CLT shear walls to achieve target performance levels without requiring a premium upfront cost.

Effectiveness of Tuba Root (&lt;i&gt;Derris elliptica&lt;/i&gt;) on Histological Structure of Rabbit Fish Liver

Rabbit fish (Siganus vermiculatus) is one of the biological resources in the sea that is widely consumed by the people in Maluku. Rabbit fish are caught during low tide with nets or by using natural resources to poison the fish, such as tuba root (Derris elliptica), which contains rotenone to make fish easy to catch. This study aimed to determining the concentration of tuba root extract that was effective against damage to the liver tissue of rabbit fish. Rabbit fish and tuba root were collected from Oma Village, Haruku Island, Central Maluku District, Maluku Province. In the study, a laboratory experiment was conducted in which the tuba root was treated with doses of 0.1 g, 0.3 g, 0.5 g and 1 g with an exposure time of 18 to 24 hours. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan's post-hoc test. As a result, the lowest level of liver damage in rabbit fish was observed at a dose of 0.1 g, with a total damage of 7 ± 0.00 and 8.5 ± 0.71. Conversely, the highest level of liver damage was observed at a dose of 1 g, with a total damage of 14 ± 0.00 and 15 ± 0.00. The results of the post hoc test showed a subset value of 0.1 g dose (7.75), 0.3 g dose (9.25), 0.5 g dose (12.00), and 1 g dose (14.50). This research indicates that administering tuba root to rabbit fish can result in damage to the liver's structure. The severity of this damage is contingent upon the dose administered, whereas exposure duration does not affect the level of damage to fish organs.

Seismic Performance of Industrial Buildings During the 2023 Kahramanmaras, Turkey Earthquakes

ABSTRACT This study investigates the structural performance of industrial buildings following the February 6, 2023, earthquakes in Kahramanmaras, Turkey, focusing mainly on industrial zones. Causes of damage and damage levels were evaluated for 389 industrial structures, including precast concrete and steel structures. This research demonstrates the need for improved construction practices, advanced seismic design, and quality control. Commonly observed structural damage is highlighted. Identifying the critical common structural damage types is essential to developing effective mitigation strategies and enhancing earthquake resilience. It is concluded that advanced seismic design practices can significantly improve the overall structural performance, resilience, and functional recovery.