Level Of Cooperation Research Articles

Dynamic incentives and environmental feedback in public goods games: Promoting cooperation through critical thresholds.

Understanding the emergence and maintenance of cooperation in multiplayer games is a significant challenge across various theoretical disciplines. In this paper, we introduce an innovative model to study the impacts of environmental feedback in systems with critical thresholds. Different from prior studies on public goods games with environmental feedback, we propose that the system holds expectations for collective behavior, and the dynamic incentives are equal for all group members. Our findings reveal that dynamic incentives driven by environmental feedback significantly enhance cooperation, particularly in scenarios with low synergy factors. As incentives increase, the system shifts from the non-cooperative to cooperative state. Moreover, a faster rate of incentive growth leads to a higher level of cooperation, demonstrating a strong positive correlation between dynamic incentive levels and overall cooperation within the system. Counterintuitively, our study finds that introducing dynamic incentives from environmental feedback not only effectively promotes cooperation under high expectation levels but also surprisingly increases the success rate of cooperation as expectations rise.

How Gossip Rules the World: Three Hypotheses

The recent surge in research interest about gossip can be attributed, at least in part, to the possibility that this activity underlies two of the unique features of human society, when compared to those of all other social vertebrates, their scale and their complexity. Two hypotheses have emerged which touch on these features, respectively that gossip supports exceptional levels of sociability, and that it operates as a form of social control ensuring exceptional levels of cooperation. Each of these hypotheses is critically examined before considering a third and relatively neglected possibility, namely that the principle significance of gossip in social life is that it supports prediction about the future behavior of others.

Projekt Evropského veřejného žalobce (Nová podoba mezinárodní justiční spolupráce v rámci členských států Evropské unie?)

The need to prosecute perpetrators of crime affecting the financial interests of the European Communities more effectively has Jed the Commission, Parliament to set up special experts’ teams for analysing possibilities of common rules for investigation, prosecution and trial in cases detrimental to financial interests of European Communities. Corpus Juris and Corpus Juris 2000 proposed establishing a European Public Prosecutor with responsibility in this field to remedy the fragmentary nature of the European criminal-law enforcement area. The follow-up document – Green Paper on criminal-law protection of the financial interests of the Community and the establishment of a European Prosecutor, which was adopted on 11 December 2001, had two objectives: to clarify ideas and throw up options and preferences regarding ways of implementing the original proposal, and to open the debate to all circles concerned on the eve of enlargement and in view of the forthcoming constitutional review of the Treaties. The European Constitution and Lisbon Treaty propose establishing the European Public Prosecutor from European Office for Judicial Co-operation (Eurojust) as a new level of international co-operation in judicial matters concerning of the protection of the financial interests of EC.

Lingual Orthodontic Treatment of Adults: A Case Report

Adult patients seeking orthodontic treatment consistently have aesthetic concerns, even throughout the course of the treatment. This has lead to the introduction of Lingual Orthodontics in 1970s by Dr. Craven Kurz of USA and Dr. Kinya Fujita of Japan. Lingual orthodontics, in addition to its aesthetic benefits, offers several other advantages. The cooperation and confidence level of the patient has increased with the invisible appliances. The Anchorage control, indirect bonding and biomechanics is completely different from labial technique. In this article the concept of lingual orthodontics has been highlighted. The article shows a case report with lingual technique treated in the department of orthodontics at Farhat Hached University Hospital.

Effect of play therapy and storytelling on the anxiety level of hospitalized children: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundChildren are anxious when hospitalized due to being away from home and undergoing treatment.This anxiety has an effect on their disease process, treatment, growth and development.Children’s anxiety has an effect on parents’ anxiety and can lead to lower level of cooperation among the children and their parents with the treatment team.the present study aimed to compare the effect of play therapy and storytelling on the anxiety of hospitalized children.MethodsA randomized controlled trial study with a three-group design (play therapy, storytelling and control) was conducted in 75 children aged 3 to 10 years admitted to Imam Ali Alborz Hospital of Karaj, Iran between 2022–2023.The data before and after the intervention were collected by the Spence children’s anxiety scale and the face tool for anxiety assessment and analyzed by the Mixed effect model statistical method.ResultsThere is a statistically significant difference between the anxiety score of the children for whom storytelling was used and control group. Also, among the two therapies of storytelling and play therapy, only storytelling therapy has a significant effect on reducing children’s anxiety.Regarding the time of measuring the anxiety score(the first, second, third day after the intervention), it was found that as this time increases, the children’s anxiety decreases significantly.morever, the children’s gender, age, and history of hospitalization are influencing factors.ConclusionPlay therapy and storytelling play an effective role in controlling the anxiety of hospitalized children, although storytelling had a greater role in reducing the anxiety of hospitalized children than play therapy. It is suggested to provide the necessary conditions and facilities for the implementation of these methods in children’s inpatient departments.Trial registrationhttps://irct.behdasht.gov.ir/ ,IRCT20220704055367N1,13/7 /2022.

Conflict resolution in intercultural communication: strategies for managing cultural conflicts

Effective conflict resolution in intercultural communication entails utilizing strategies for managing cultural conflicts based on scientific approaches and research. The aim of this research is to assess and identify strategies that aid in managing conflicts arising in intercultural interactions, particularly those aimed at overcoming cultural barriers and fostering positive interactions among representatives of different cultures. An online survey method was employed in this study, and statistical methods, including comparative analysis of means and computation of t-values, were used for data processing and analysis. Experimental results indicate statistically significant differences between the control and experimental groups in resolving intercultural conflicts. The mean value in the group employing specific conflict management strategies was significantly higher (75 compared to 70 in the control group), indicating more successful resolution of conflict situations. t ≈ 8.66 denotes significant differences between the groups. The findings of the study confirm the effectiveness of utilizing specific conflict management strategies in intercultural communication. This article underscores practical significance as it offers concrete strategies and tools for effective conflict management among professionals in the field of intercultural communication. The research outcomes can be leveraged to enhance communication strategies in organizations and promote increased levels of mutual understanding and cooperation among representatives of different cultures.

Conformity to continuous and discrete ordered traits

Models of conformity and anticonformity have typically focused on cultural traits with unordered variants, such as baby names, strategies (cooperate/defect), or the presence/absence of an innovation. There have been fewer studies of conformity to cultural traits with ordered variants, such as level of cooperation (low, medium, high) or proportion of time spent on a task (0% to 100%). In these studies of ordered cultural traits, conformity is defined as a preference for the mean trait value in a population even if no members of the population have variants near this mean; e.g., 50% of the population has variant 0 and 50% has variant 1, producing a mean of 0.5. Here, we introduce models of conformity to ordered traits, which can be either discrete or continuous. In these models, conformists prefer to adopt more popular cultural variants even if these variants are far from the population mean. To measure a variant's "popularity" in cases where no two individuals share precisely the same variant on a continuum, we introduce a metric called k-dispersal; this takes into account a variant's distance to its k closest neighbors, with more "popular" variants having lower distances to their neighbors. We demonstrate through simulations that conformity to ordered traits need not produce a homogeneous population, as has previously been claimed. Under some combinations of parameter values, conformity sustains substantial trait variation over many generations. Furthermore, anticonformity may produce a high level of polarization.

Repression and Alliance Formation: A Gender(ed) Approach to Interethnic Cooperation During Conflict

ABSTRACT This article explores alliance behaviour among female insurgents. I argue that interethnic cooperation among women affiliated with different ethnic armed groups is affected by whether women share a commitment to gender egalitarianism and the level of repression they face from their male co-ethnics. Building on previous research, I create a typology of women’s alliance behaviour that explains variation in the level of cooperation and the type of alliance women form. I disaggregate gender egalitarianism along three dimensions – shared victimhood, promotion of gender equality and linkages to civil society – to show how women overcome mistrust to create social bonds. Using the case of the Karen Women’s Organisation (KWO), I demonstrate that even in the face of repression, once these bonds are created, they are unlikely to break down. This study adds to research highlighting the role of repression in driving wartime alliances.

Multiple sclerosis: peculiarities of providing high-quality medical care to patients in the realities of Ukraine

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, which is one of the most common causes of progressive disability among young people. This disease significantly affects the quality of life of patients and their families and is also accompanied by significant economic costs. Early diagnosis and early initiation of treatment of patients with MS help prevent the development of exacerbations, disability, premature death and improve quality of life. Today, awareness of MS has increased, more effective methods of diagnosis and therapy of patients with MS have become available. This has led to a reduction in the diagnostic delay between the detection of symptoms and making a reliable diagnosis, as well as to the postponement of severe disability. Multidisciplinary co-operation of specialists at all levels of medical care and close co-operation between the doctor and the patient is essential for optimal clinical management. The article systematizes current know-ledge on the main approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of patients with MS in Ukraine.

The big five personality traits and eating habits among female students at Zayed University

BackgroundAdhering to healthy dietary habits is crucial for disease prevention and improving overall quality of life. Understanding how personality traits influence eating behaviors is essential for developing effective interventions aimed at promoting healthier eating habits. Personality traits are consistent behavioral patterns that individuals typically exhibit, and the Five-Factor Model (also known as the Big Five) is widely recognized as an effective framework for predicting personality traits.MethodsThis study analyzed the relationship between personality traits and eating behaviors among 425 female students using a cross-sectional design. Sociodemographic data and personality traits were assessed using an online questionnaire, while eating behaviors were evaluated with the validated Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ). Key aspects of eating behavior studied included cognitive restraint, disinhibition, and emotional eating. The findings provide insights into how personality characteristics may influence eating habits, offering potential implications for interventions targeting healthier eating behaviors.ResultsThe majority of participants scored highest on the personality trait of openness to experience. The study found that certain personality traits, particularly neuroticism and agreeableness, were linked to dietary habits. Specifically, personality traits were associated with emotional eating (p < 0.003), but not with cognitive restraint (p = 0.25) or disinhibition (p = 0.308). Participants with higher levels of agreeableness demonstrated significantly higher cognitive restraint (p = 0.041).ConclusionPersonality traits can influence eating habits, particularly emotional eating. However, further research is needed to identify individuals at risk for diet-related diseases and to determine the most effective intervention strategies. This study is the first of its kind conducted in the United Arab Emirates, contributing valuable insights into the relationship between personality traits and eating behaviors.

Active during childhood: Undercontrolled or extraverted in late adolescence? A longitudinal study distinguishing different conceptions of childhood activity.

The role of childhood activity level in personality development is still poorly understood. Using data from a prospective study following 939 children from age 1.5 to 16.5 years, this study examined whether prospective associations of childhood activity with subsequent personality ratings in adolescence differ across two conceptualizations of childhood activity: energetic activity (defined by energy, vigor, and tempo) versus dysregulated activity (distractibility, hyperactivity, and poor self-regulation). We assessed energetic activity development (using latent growth curve modeling) at ages 1.5-8.5 years using the Activity scale from the Emotionality, Activity, and Sociability Temperament Survey, and dysregulated activity at age 8.5 using the Hyperactivity-Inattention scale from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. We then used these two kinds of activity measures (mother-reported) to predict personality self-descriptions on the Big Five Inventory 8 years later. Personality traits were first regressed on mean levels of energetic and dysregulated activity at age 8.5 years and subsequently regressed on the growth factors of energetic activity development. Results showed mean-level changes in the entire sample as energetic activity decreased by more than 1 SD across childhood (i.e., -0.18 SD per year). Energetic activity at age 8.5 positively predicted higher levels of both the Big Five extraversion domain and the self-discipline facet of conscientiousness at age 16.5. In contrast, dysregulated activity at age 8.5 predicted lower levels of both conscientiousness and agreeableness. The findings advocate for a distinction between energetic and dysregulated activity in temperament and personality theories, addressing inconsistencies in previous research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

The impact of radiographic examination timing and gag reflex on dental fear and cooperation in children: a comparative clinical study.

Identifying factors that disrupt cooperation during radiographic examination, such as dental fear and the gag reflex, is crucial for achieving optimal radiographic outcomes. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the levels of dental fear and cooperation amongst children aged 4-9years undergoing intraoral radiographic examination at different stages of dental treatment. It also investigates the impact of the gag reflex on children's behaviour during intraoral radiographic examination. A total of 89 children with no prior dental experience were randomly divided into two groups (G1, G2). Children in G1 underwent radiographic examination during their first dental visit, whilst children in G2 underwent the same after the completion of dental prophylaxis at their second visit. Variables assessed included dental fear, gagging and behaviour during radiographic examination. Multivariate logistic and linear regression analysis were performed to assess the variables that have an impact on behaviour during radiographic examination and on dental fear, respectively. Children in G2 were more likely to exhibit better behaviour during radiographic examination than G1children (OR: 4.709, p value = 0.036). In addition, G1 children demonstrated a greater increase of CFSS-DS score compared to G2 children (β = -0.698, p value = 0.001) after the second appointment. Gagging during radiographic examination was significantly associated with lower Frankl score during the examination (p = 0.015). Gradual exposure to radiographic examination may significantly enhance children's cooperation during the procedure and confine the progression of dental fear. In contrast, the presence of a gag reflex can compromise patient's cooperation during intraoral radiographic assessment.

Influence of the Hall Technique on Patient Cooperation: A Retrospective Analysis.

Child's cooperation and behaviour in paediatric dentistry are largely determined by the nature of the treatment. Minimally invasive, faster, and more comfortable treatments can lead to greater cooperation and improved behaviour. Objectives: To assess the impact of the Hall technique (HT) on children's behaviour over time across three consecutive treatment sessions through a retrospective analysis. Methods: The analysis included children aged 3 to 10 years treated with the HT, with both a pre- and post-Hall technique appointment within a 6-month period. The level of cooperation at each visit was assessed using the Frankl behaviour rating scale (FBRS). The FBRS scores from the three visits: T1 (first treatment session), T2 (Hall technique session), and T3 (follow-up session) were analysed to predict the endpoint (T3-T1) using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. In addition, an ordinal logistic regression model was used to assess the relationship between variables and behavioural change. Results: Of the 90 children included in this study (mean age 5.9 ± 1.56 years; 50 boys, 55.6%), the proportion of patients exhibiting extremely positive/positive behaviour increased steadily over the sessions, from 56.7% at T1 to 76.7% at T2 to 91.1% at T3. The initial behaviour at T1 was the only significant predictor (p < 0.0001) of the improvement in behaviour (T3-T1) in the ordinal logistic regression model, which also included variables such as age, sex of the patient, and the treating dentist. Conclusions: The Hall technique had a significant positive effect on improving children's behaviour over the course of treatment.

Development and Application of Sporadic Material Inventory Optimization Management System based on Artificial Intelligence

This paper introduces the overall framework of the intelligent electrical sporadic materials management system based on the ubiquitous Internet of Things. The system includes storage equipment and an intelligent management terminal. It makes optimal design for storage equipment and intelligent management terminals. The dynamic modeling of a three-layer supply chain system of power materials is constructed and composed of manufacturers, suppliers, and raw materials. The inventory control strategy of each link in the supply chain of power materials under different cooperation levels is studied by introducing the corresponding adjustment variables. Through the experiment and analysis of the system, it is proved that the system has good performance in label management, resource management, inventory management, disposal management, system management and essential management. The number of concurrent users, response speed, stability and other aspects of the system are excellent. The database is complete, independent, and secure. And the data is objectively reasonable and repairable. The system can lay a specific technical foundation for intelligent management of electrical sporadic materials.

Enhancing cooperation in dynamic networks through reinforcement-learning-based rewiring strategies

Abstract Cooperation is a fundamental aspect of social and biological systems, yet achieving and maintaining high levels of cooperation remains a significant challenge. This study investigates the dynamics of cooperation among players engaged in repeated two-player Prisoner’s Dilemma games, utilizing a novel integration of the Bush–Mosteller reinforcement learning model with adaptive network rewiring mechanisms. Each player updates its probability of cooperation and rewires its connections based on the payoffs received from neighbors. Our results demonstrate that incorporating network rewiring guided by reinforcement learning significantly enhances both the level of cooperation and the average payoff across the population. Players that prioritize rewiring over strategy updates are found to form more stable cooperative structures, while those with heightened sensitivity to payoffs and optimal aspiration levels achieve greater cooperation. By identifying and analyzing key parameters that influence cooperative dynamics, our findings provide deep insights into the mechanisms that drive cooperative behavior. This research not only highlights the transformative potential of adaptive network rewiring in promoting cooperation within complex adaptive systems but also offers a framework for designing resilient cooperative networks across diverse domains.

Coevolution of relationship-driven cooperation under recommendation protocol on multiplex networks

While traditional game models often simplify interactions among agents as static, real-world social relationships are inherently dynamic, influenced by both immediate payoffs and alternative information. Motivated by this fact, we introduce a coevolutionary multiplex network model that incorporates the concepts of a relationship threshold and a recommendation mechanism to explore how the strength of relationships among agents interacts with their strategy choices within the framework of weak prisoner’s dilemma games. In the relationship layer, the relationship strength between agents varies based on interaction outcomes. In return, the strategy choice of agents in the game layer is influenced by both payoffs and relationship indices, and agents can interact with distant agents through a recommendation mechanism. Simulation of various network topologies reveals that a higher average degree supports cooperation, although increased randomness in interactions may inhibit its formation. Interestingly, a higher threshold value of interaction quality is detrimental, while the applied recommendation protocol can improve global cooperation. The best results are obtained when the relative weight of payoff is minimal and the individual fitness is dominated by the relationship indices gained from the quality of links to neighbors. As a consequence, the changes in the distribution of relationship indices are closely correlated with overall levels of cooperation.

International cooperation between Russia and Africa in countering transnational crimes at the present stage

Currently, the issue of international cooperation in countering transnational crimes is quite relevant for all countries of the world, including the Russian Federation and the countries of the African continent. In addition, the relevance of the chosen area of international cooperation for scientific research is given by the strengthening of Russian-African relations over the past few years in the context of a changing geopolitical structure of the world, one of the areas of which is the issue of effective counteraction to the most widespread transnational crimes. The subject of the study is the international counteraction to transnational crimes within the framework of cooperation between Russia and the countries of the African continent. The purpose of the research is to study international cooperation between Russia and African countries in the field of countering transnational crimes at the present stage. The methods used in the research were general (dialectical method, systematic and integrated approaches) and special formal legal methods. In the course of the research, the following results were obtained: the signs of transnational crimes identified in international law were studied, as well as their additional characteristics were indicated, the approaches of foreign and domestic experts to the definition of "transnational crimes" were analyzed, the content of international cooperation in the field of countering crimes was studied, the basis for international cooperation in the field of countering transnational crimes was outlined, and the author's definition of the concept of "transnational crimes". The results obtained have a scientific novelty due to the fact that they clarify the content of the concept of transnational crimes and can be applied in the practical activities of various public authorities, primarily in improving mechanisms for countering transnational crimes at the level of international cooperation, as well as in the framework of scientific and representative events on the subject of research.

Торгово-экономические отношения Монголии и России в условиях меняющейся мировой экономики

The article analyzes the current state of trade and economic relations between Mongolia and Russia. It is shown that over the past thirty-two years the volume and share of Russia in Mongolia’s foreign trade turnover has decreased significantly, despite the country’s rich history and vast experience of mutual trade and economic cooperation. The commodity structure of mutual trade between Mongolia and Russia has also changed significantly. It is noted that despite the growth in the total volume of Mongolia’s exports, the supply of Mongolian goods to the Russian market is an insignificant part. The main partners importing Mongolian products are China, Switzerland, Singapore and the Republic of Korea. Promising directions for expanding bilateral trade and economic cooperation are proposed, including those related to the elimination of existing tariff and non-tariff barriers, the creation of free trade zones on the border of the two countries. In addition, in order to increase the volume of mutual trade between Mongolia and Russia, it is important to implement major joint energy and infrastructure projects, develop cross-border and regional cooperation, as well as industrial cooperation, joint exploration and development of mineral resources. The possibility of implementing major infrastructure projects within the framework of the Chinese initiative “One Belt, One Road” is being considered as a factor in expanding trade between Mongolia and Russia. Ways are proposed to accelerate the planned mega-projects in the field of infrastructure and industry within the framework of the new policy of Mongolia’s revival, through the implementation of which the level of Mongolian-Russian trade and economic cooperation can increase. Such projects may include mega projects for the construction of a gas pipeline and an oil pipeline from Russia to China through Mongolia, an oil refinery, and thermal power plants powered by natural gas. As measures aimed at accelerating their implementation, the following steps should be taken: create a clear and transparent regulatory framework and involve all stakeholders in the decision-making process; eliminate technical problems associated with investing in educational programs to develop the necessary skills and experience among specialists; ensure sufficient funding, including through alternative sources such as crowdfunding, green bonds and investing; effectively manage projects and apply best risk management practices.

Creating together: An interbrain model of group creativity.

Despite the growing interest in understanding creativity-the ability to produce novel and useful ideas-most research in the field focuses on examining the neural networks underlying creativity in isolated individuals. However, numerous creative breakthroughs in arts, sciences, and industries occur through social interactions, where ideas are generated collaboratively by dyads and groups. The accumulating evidence indicates that cooperative settings foster higher levels of creativity compared to individual settings, suggesting that social factors play a role in creativity.In this review, we synthesize the findings on individual and group creativity and propose a new brain model for understanding group creativity. We extend the twofold model of creativity and suggest that creativity in social setting involves an interplay between idea generation, social influence and flexibility. Building on this model we suggest that group creativity is mediated by activity as well as interbrain coupling in neural circuits associated with associative thinking (default mode network), flexibility (executive control network) and observation-execution (inferior frontal gyrus). By shifting the focus from isolated individuals to social settings, we can gain a more comprehensive understanding of creativity and its neural mechanisms. This research direction holds the potential to uncover valuable insights into how group dynamics and social interactions facilitate the generation of creative ideas.

Evolutionary game on mutually influenceing double-layer network.

In recent years, coupled double-layer networks have played an increasingly critical role in evolutionary game theory. Research indicates that these networks more accurately reflect real-world relationships between individuals. However, current studies mainly focus on unidirectional influence within double-layer networks. Based on this, we propose a strongly coupled double-layer network cooperation evolution model. Strength individuals are located in the upper network layer, influencing the strategy choices of ordinary individuals in the lower layer, and vice versa. Monte Carlo simulations show that strength individuals can effectively enhance overall group cooperation. Under low temptation to defect, the group maintains a high cooperation rate; under high temptation, the presence of strength individuals prevents the group from falling into total defection, helping ordinary individuals escape the defection dilemma and improve cooperation levels.