Consumption Levels Research Articles

A market-based load regulation method for heterogeneous residential air-conditioning loads under cloud-edge collaboration

Residential air-conditioning load on the power demand side has gradually increased. The air-conditioning loads have thermal storage characteristics, and adjusting their temperature settings will not cause significant negative impacts to users, making them well-suited for demand response. In existing studies, load aggregators usually serve as demand response implementors, and reducing the energy consumption levels of air conditioning loads directly. However, this method often lacks a clear definition of the flexibility of individual air-conditioning units and fails to account for their variations. The absence of well-defined commodity characteristics for the flexible regulation potential complicates pricing, making it difficult to safeguard the interests of the load aggregator and each air-conditioning user. Furthermore, the diversity among residential air-conditioning loads introduces high-dimensional variables into demand response optimization, making it challenging to balance data security with computational efficiency. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a market-based load reduction method for heterogeneous residential air-conditioning loads using cloud-edge collaboration. First, the flexible adjustment capability of air-conditioning loads is defined as a tradable commodity. Then, a cloud-edge collaborative trading scheme is proposed to guarantee the benefits of the load aggregator and each air-conditioning user in a data-neutrality manner. Finally, a hybrid method based on encrypted clustering is developed to compute the optimal trading strategy, ensuring data security and computational efficiency. Simulation results based on data from the Austin area show that Pareto improvement is achieved compared to other load reduction schemes, and the proposed encrypted clustering method reduces computational complexity and data security risks compared to traditional analytical and iterative approaches.

Construction of Energy Consumption Model in Asphalt Mixture Production Stage Based on Field Measurements

To better construct an energy consumption model for the asphalt mixture production stage, this study divides the production process into four phases: aggregate dust removal, aggregate drying, asphalt heating, and mixture blending. Utilizing measured data from various regions in Anhui Province, the model considers factors such as season, mixture type, and energy consumption type. The study quantitatively compares and analyzes the energy consumption results obtained from three calculation methods: the theoretical method, the quota method, and the energy consumption model method. The results indicate that the total energy consumption shares of the aggregate dust removal, aggregate drying, asphalt heating, and mixture blending phases are 4.23%, 69.50%, 17.75%, and 8.52%, respectively. The primary energy consumption during the asphalt mixture production stage is concentrated in the aggregate drying and asphalt heating phases. The energy consumption model based on on-site measurements effectively reflects the actual energy consumption levels during the asphalt mixture production stage. Moreover, the total energy consumption calculated by the three methods follows the order quota method > energy consumption model method > theoretical method. By constructing an energy consumption model based on measured data, it is possible to more accurately assess the energy usage during the asphalt mixture production process. This helps optimize production techniques, reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions, and provide a scientific basis for sustainable road construction.

The contribution of fish to the diet of loggerhead sea turtles in the western Mediterranean revisited

Early juvenile loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) rely on gelatinous zooplankton, whereas individuals larger than 40 cm curved carapace length are adapted to crush hard-shelled invertebrates. Nevertheless, fish were reported to be the staple food of loggerhead turtles in the western Mediterranean 30 years ago. Here, the temporal consistency of such a fish-based diet of loggerhead turtles is assessed through gut content analysis and stable isotope analysis of samples from the Mediterranean coast of Spain spanning three decades. The gut contents of 134 juvenile loggerhead turtles (curved carapace length range: 27–71 cm) from three different periods (1991, 1999–2008 and 2010–2017) were analyzed, as well as a subsample of the same turtles (n = 10 in each period) for both bulk and compound-specific stable isotope ratios (CSIA-AA). Gut content analysis revealed a decline in the frequency of occurrence and numerical abundance of fish and an increasing contribution of gastropods and bivalves throughout time, although pelagic tunicates were always the most frequently observed prey. The δ15Nbulk of turtle bone also dropped throughout the study period, but the values of the stable isotope ratio of N in phenylalanine (δ15NPhe) indicated that 52.5% of that variability was due to a baseline shift over time. Accordingly, the trophic position estimated from CSIA-AA did not follow the decreasing pattern of δ15Nbulk, but fluctuated throughout time. The overall evidence indicates that fish consumption by loggerhead turtles in the study region declined through time, but the trophic position of loggerhead turtles did not change simultaneously. This is probably because low trophic prey such pelagic tunicates and filter-feeding bivalves and suspension-feeding gastropods were the bulk of the diet during the whole study period and fish played a minor role, even when their frequency of occurrence peaked. Past levels of high fish consumption might be due to high levels of fishery discards, currently declining because of the recent reduction of the fishing fleet.

Activation of the WNT7B/β-Catenin Pathway Initiates GLUT1 Expression and Promotes Aerobic Glycolysis in Colorectal Cancer Cells

Glucose is an important energy source for tumors, however the molecular mechanisms by which tumor cells regulate glucose uptake remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the regulation mechanism of the WNT7B/β-catenin pathway for glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1)-mediated glucose metabolism in colorectal cancer. Here, we found that WNT7B expression levels were significantly increased in colorectal cancer tissues and closely associated with the clinical stage and lymph node metastasis in patients with colorectal cancer. Next, we confirmed that WNT7B significantly increased the glucose consumption and lactic acid levels in SW480 cells by overexpressing WNT7B. Additionally, gene and protein levels of GLUT1 were increased in WNT7B-overexpressing SW480 cells. However, WNT7B knockdown reversed these effects. WNT7B also enhanced GLUT1-mediated cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. WNT7B overexpression inhibited the effect of glucose deprivation on apoptosis. The WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway inhibitor, LGK974, inhibited WNT7B secretion, leading to GLUT1 levels downregulation and promotion of cell apoptosis. Ectopic tumor xenograft model experiments revealed that WNT7B promoted tumor progression in mice. Overall, our results suggest that WNT7B promotes β-catenin entry into the nucleus to initiates GLUT1 transcription, increases glucose transport and consumption, and enhances aerobic glycolysis, thus promoting tumor progression in colorectal cancer cells.

UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS

The article is intended to analyze the cyclicality of the development of construction, caused by fundamental qualitative changes in the basic generations of equipment, machines, technologies, vehicles and large structures in the leading sectors of the economy, i.e. industrial revolutions. The first industrial revolution created the organizational-economic, scientific-technical and institutional prerequisites for a conceptual rethinking of the principles and norms of construction and brought to life the pre-monopolist-industrial model of the construction sector (Construction 1.0). Its main feature was the active use of metal elements (cast iron, wrought iron, steel), glass, concrete and reinforced concrete in construction production. The industrial-extensive model of Construction 2.0 covers the period from the beginning of the 20th century. until the end of the 1960s and coincides with the Second Industrial Revolution. This model is distinguished by large-scale processes of territorial and spatial concentration of construction based on the accumulation of means of production, labor and capital investments in large construction organizations and complex processes of industrialization of the construction sector. From the first half of the 1970s to the first half of the 2000s, the energy-efficient construction model (Construction 3.0), brought to life by the Third Industrial Revolution, prevails in the world. This period is characterized by the systematic orientation of construction production to the optimization of thermal energy provision of objects, the rationalization of the processes of using energy resources at all stages of the construction and production process, and the minimization of the level of consumption of energy and material resources. Today, marked by the unfolding of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, is characterized by the global development of an ecosystem-type green construction model (Construction 4.0) – an environmentally responsible and resource-saving process of social reproduction of construction products. This model is based on deep integration of green and digital transition technologies and is ensured by large-scale digitization of construction works.

Labor market impacts of eco-development initiatives in protected areas

Eco-development seeks to balance economic development with biodiversity conservation, enhancing the effectiveness of protected area management. This paper examines the labor market impacts of eco-development initiatives implemented in the protected areas of the Western Ghats, India, a significant biodiversity hotspot facing intense socio-economic pressures. Our findings show that eco-development has substantially altered labor market outcomes in villages within and surrounding protected areas, resulting in a higher share of non-farm employment. This shift is marked by a reduction in year-round work and an increase in seasonal employment. These effects appear to stem from the specific types of jobs created by eco-development and the changes in land use patterns it promotes, such as a higher proportion of forested land and increased reliance on rainfed agriculture over irrigated farming. Descriptive evidence also suggests that, despite improvements in literacy, the affected villages experience lower consumption levels and higher poverty rates.

An Optimal DC Microgrid for Hybrid Consumer Loads and Electric Vehicle Integration

Increasing use of electrical energy at domestic consumer level due to increased usage of electrical appliances, compounded with increased electric vehicle usage will cause severe stress on existing distribution networks necessitating expensive infrastructural changes. An alternative would be to increase consumer level energy production through renewable sources so that dependence on the grid is eliminated altogether, or minimized. This would also help reduce overall carbon footprint. This paper discusses a viable implementation of a DC micro-grid with battery storage that is compatible with the majority of existing loads and also suggests modifications in certain loads to make them compatible. The micro-grid also allows for DC charging of electric vehicles at different voltage levels. The compatibility with the proposed Microgrid, of loads that can function without modifications and those that require minor changes is analyzed and verified experimentally.

Music-Based Therapy for the Treatment of Perioperative Anxiety and Pain-A Randomized, Prospective Clinical Trial.

Background: Music-based intervention has been advocated as a nonpharmacologic approach for the perioperative control of pain and anxiety in surgical patients. However, its impact on patients with preoperative anxiety has not been clearly established. Our study aimed to examine the impact of music-based intervention administered before, during, and after surgery on postoperative opioid consumption and pain levels, as well as preoperative anxiety, depression, and pain catastrophizing. We hypothesized that, compared to a control group, music-based intervention would be effective in reducing opioid requirements and mood disorders. Methods: This study was a single-center, prospective, single-blinded, randomized controlled trial. Inclusion criteria isame-day or observation surgery. Exclusion criteria included American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status IV, use of spinal anesthesia, PROMIS Anxiety T-scores ≤ 57.4 and ≥74.1, preoperative chronic opioid use, transgender surgery, and history of drug or alcohol abuse. Music-based intervention was developed by a certified music therapist. Each patient was randomized to receive standard of care (SC) or SC plus music-based intervention before, during, and after surgery. The primary end point was postoperative oral morphine equivalents (OMEs) over 5 days following surgery using the area under the curve (AUC)Secondary end points were PROMIS Anxiety, PROMIS Depression scores Pain Catastrophizing Scale scores, postoperative nausea and vomiting, time of hospital discharge, and patient satisfaction (0 = totally unsatisfied to 10 = completely satisfied). Results: A total of 75 patients were randomized to a music-based intervention (n = 33) or control (n = 42) group. Patients in the music-based intervention group consumed 56.7% less opioids than those in the control group (AUC was 2.8 in the music-based intervention group vs. 6.4 in the control group, absolute standardized mean difference (aSMD) = 0.34 (-0.17, 0.85)). No difference in pain scores was recorded between groups. Music-based intervention also reduced anxiety on postoperative day (POD)2 (aSMD = 0.38 (-0.16, 0.91)), depression on POD2 (aSMD = 0.31 (-0.23, 0.84)) and POD4 (aSMD = 0.24 (-0.29, 0.77)), and pain catastrophizing on POD1 (aSMD = 0.24 (-0.3, 0.77)). Conclusions: Our data support the use of music-based intervention to reduce postoperative opioid requirements. Music-based intervention may also reduce anxiety, depression, and pain catastrophizing.

Poverty Inflation, FDI Consumption, and Economic Growth in Indonesia in the Vector Autoregressive Model Analysis

The difference in the results from previous studies on the impact of inflation on poverty, coupled with an increase in the money supply from direct investment, inspired this research. This study aimed to ascertain how poverty, inflation, and foreign investment affect consumption spending in Indonesia based on 1997-2021 time series data. This study used Vector Autoregression estimation, utilizing data sources from the World Bank. The data will be processed with econometric models. From the study’s findings, it may be inferred that overall consumption affects inflation, which can be seen from the Granger causality test that shows that this variable has a one-way causal relationship. The results of the same test also show that FDI has an effect on total consumption and conversely consumption has an effect on FDI. However, the poverty variable does not affect total consumption and vice versa, because according to the causality test, the variable obtains an insignificant probability value. However, the VECM results explain that poverty has an effect on total consumption, and that the effect of consumption on inflation is due to the larger t-statistic value and has a positive relationship. This implies that the rate of inflation will increase the lower the level of consumption. However, the Impulse Reason test shows that poverty has a negative trend, as does the FDI variable. Keywords: poverty, inflation, FDI, consumption, economic growth, Indonesia

Analyzing the Impact of Interior Public Space on User Satisfaction in Shopping Malls Using Virtual Reality Simulation Experiments

The growth in per capita consumption levels and the e-commerce industry have shifted the shopping mall model from a product consumption to a time-based consumption focus. This paper evaluates customer satisfaction with shopping malls using an importance–performance questionnaire, which identified eight key areas for improvement. Through field surveys and virtual reality (VR) simulation experiments, the impact of the components of public spaces within shopping malls on user satisfaction was assessed using both quantifiable and unquantifiable elements. Our findings inform the formulation of optimization design strategies in the areas of multipurpose functionality of facilities, intensification of boundaries, complexity of functions, and integration of resources, and have implications for the future design of internal public spaces in shopping malls.

Parental Influences on Substance Use Among First-Year College Students: A Latent Profile Analysis and Racial/Ethnic Differences

This study took a person-centered approach to examine parental influences on alcohol and cannabis use among White and Hispanic/Latinx college students. 704 college students (74.4% female; 34.7% Hispanic/Latinx) completed an online survey. Latent profile analysis identified four parenting profiles characterized by different patterns of perceived parent-child relationship quality, parental monitoring, and parental disapproval of substance use: low disapproval (4.1%), low paternal quality and monitoring (25.8%), low quality and monitoring (12.5%), and high quality monitoring and disapproval (57.6%). Students in the High Quality Monitoring and Disapproval profile had the lowest levels of alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorder (AUD) symptoms. Students in the Low Disapproval profile had the highest frequency of cannabis use than students in other parenting profiles. Among Hispanic/Latinx students only, the High-Quality Monitoring and Disapproval profile was associated with fewer AUD symptoms compared to the Low Paternal Quality and Monitoring profile and the Low Quality and Monitoring profile.

A Capability Indicator for Family Farms in the Global North – Concept and Test from Switzerland

ABSTRACT Amartya Sen’s capability approach suggests assessing people’s well-being by examining whether they are able to do and be what they value, instead of merely looking at their income. People’s well-being is the basic theme of social sustainability. This study intends to operationalise social sustainability by developing a capability indicator for family farms in the Global North. Therefore, this study develops a conceptual approach that was tested through a sample of 555 Swiss fruit and vegetable farm managers. The managers were asked four questions on consumption options and six questions on decision making on their farms, and answers were aggregated in two different ways: first, simply by summing up the response values, and second, by weighting the response values based on their regressors to explain the probability of the farm being taken over. The data were analysed descriptively regarding correlations between the questions and by an ordered logit analysis. The results indicated that both the simple and the weighed capability indicators were good predictors of the perception of whether the farm would be taken over by the next generation and thus of an aspect of social sustainability. This implies that, for example, policy measures to reduce the environmental impacts of farming have a negative side effect that may have been underestimated so far, as they reduce the capability of the farm managers. The capability of farmers at both production and consumption levels is relevant to their well-being.

Strategic Cost Control and Management in Corporations

In today's new situation and new state of affairs, the modernization of society with the gradual development of information technology, with people's consumption level, medical level of life gradually improve the pursuit of culture is more and more diversified, information is more and more prosperous. Various industries and fields have begun a new class of more intense competition, they are not limited to business competition, but need to go from the root of the reasonable integrated planning, in order to put more favorable funds into the follow-up input and important links, so in the current situation to form a good enterprise cost management control is critical to determine the development of the enterprise. This paper will discuss the importance of enterprise cost management control through the four different industries of enterprises according to their characteristics, and provide a certain exploration program, expound the relevant theories of enterprise cost management control, and combined with the status quo to give the basic measures.

The use of aquatic bioresources as a factor in ensuring Ukraine’s food security: legal aspects

The article is dedicated to the study of the legal aspects of using aquatic bioresources in Ukraine and the impact of their usage on ensuring the country’s food security. It is argued that the issue of proper legal regulation of the use of aquatic bioresources is becoming increasingly relevant today. Attention is given to both legislative and scientific approaches to the issue of legal regulation of Ukraine’s food security. The necessity of adopting a separate law titled «On the Fundamentals of Food Security of Ukraine» is emphasized. It is noted that the state’s food policy should aim for the highest degree of self-sufficiency, as the quality and quantity of consumed food products directly impact the nation’s health, life expectancy, work capacity, and intellectual potential. The article examines the legal grounds for the usage of aquatic bioresources. The impact of the fishing industry on ensuring Ukraine’s food security is analyzed, with the conclusion drawn that the country’s food security largely depends on the state of aquatic bioresource usage. The level of fish consumption and its processed products serves as an indicator of the population’s food security, which should be maintained at a level conducive to physiological needs. It is stressed that the development of the fishing industry is one of the most important tasks for ensuring the post-war recovery of the country. The article identifies aquatic bioresources as a strategic state food reserve in the current context. The artificial reproduction of valuable fish species is aimed at both supporting aquatic ecosystems and building industrial stocks. The author asserts that today, food security is a condition for maintaining the state’s sovereignty, supporting high levels of public health, and developing the country’s economy. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the use of aquatic bioresources is crucial for the country in terms of ensuring food security, improving economic conditions, saturating the domestic market with quality food products, increasing employment and welfare, as well as preserving biodiversity and effectively using water and hydrobiological resources.

Design of an Efficient QOS Aware Trust-Based Security Model with Bioinspired Sidechains for Healthcare Deployments

Increased adoption of blockchain technology in healthcare systems has paved the way for transparent and secure data management. However, the inherent difficulties of scalability, performance, and security in blockchain networks necessitate the development of efficient models to ensure Quality of Service (QoS) and reliability. In this paper, we propose a novel QoS-aware trust-based security model for healthcare blockchain deployments that addresses these challenges by taking temporal energy consumption, temporal delay, temporal throughput, and temporal Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) levels into account when selecting miner nodes. For efficient miner node selection, our model employs trust-based analysis. While for the formation of sidechains an efficient Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) Model is used, which is a metaheuristic technique inspired by hunting behaviour of Wolves in real-time scenarios. Effectively balancing the trade-off between exploration and exploitation, the GWO algorithm enables the selection of optimal miner nodes that meet the desired QoS requirements. By incorporating temporal metrics, our model adapts dynamically to changing network conditions, ensuring optimal resource utilization and enhanced network performance levels. To assess the efficacy of our proposed model, we ran extensive simulations and compared its performance to that of existing sidechaining models. The outcomes demonstrate significant enhancements in multiple aspects. In comparison to state-of-the-art sidechaining models, our model achieves an impressive 8.5% reduction in delay, 3.9% reduction in energy consumption, 4.5% increase in throughput, and 2.5% improvement in PDR levels. These enhancements demonstrate the efficacy and efficiency of our healthcare blockchain deployment models. The proposed model has applications in a variety of real-time healthcare scenarios. It can be used in electronic health record (EHR) systems where data integrity, confidentiality, and accessibility are crucial. By ensuring QoS-aware miner node selection, our model contributes to dependable and efficient data management, allowing for streamlined access to patient records while maintaining the necessary security standards. Moreover, the trust-based approach of our model improves the overall security of healthcare blockchain deployments. Our model reduces the risks associated with malicious or compromised miner nodes by incorporating trustworthiness metrics such as reputation and behavior analysis. This is especially important in the healthcare industry, where the sensitive nature of patient data necessitates stringent security measures.

Research on energy utilization of electron beam melting for silicon purification

As a key material for solar photovoltaic power generation, the purity of silicon plays a crucial role in the photovoltaic conversion efficiency and performance. The electron beam melting (EBM), which is irreplaceable metallurgical methods, has been widely used for silicon purification. However, high energy consumption result in relatively high cost, which limits its widespread application in melting industry. This study was centered on the energy distribution that proposes a new approach to reducing energy consumption during EBM. The scanning form of electron beam is most important factor concerning energy consumption. Different scanning forms can affect the characteristics of molten pool which is closely correlated with the purification process. In this study, efficient and energy-saving preparation processes of EBM are being explored through the numerical model and experimental. The relationship of energy distribution form and purification efficiency is studied. The research results indicate that electron beam scanning under uniform distribution can achieve more uniform temperature and flow field distribution in the molten pool, which has a higher energy utilization rate during silicon purification by EBM. The mathematical model established in this study can effectively predict the energy consumption level under different melting parameters, providing important reference for the optimization and energy conservation of EBM process for other materials. In addition, evaporation characteristics of volatile impurity, migration of the second phase particles in the melt, controlling of melt pool characteristics and the crystal growth control all can be conducted based on this study.

Can E-Commerce Policies Drive Common Wealth Levels —— A Study Based on County-Level Data in China, 2012-2020

Based on national county panel data from 2012 to 2020, this study systematically examines the impact of the comprehensive e-commerce into rural areas demonstration project implemented in rural China on promoting the level of common wealth by applying the multi-period double-difference method (DID). It is found that the e-commerce policy significantly enhances the level of common wealth. Further analysis of the impact mechanism shows that the policy effectively promotes the goal of common prosperity by enhancing the level of rural employment. In addition, the positive effect of the e-commerce policy is strengthened by the increase in the level of local government fiscal expenditure, however, the driving effect of the policy is weakened by the higher level of social consumption. Heterogeneity analyses indicate that the policy's promotional effect is particularly significant in the demonstration counties of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. This paper fills the research gap on the relationship between rural e-commerce policy and the level of common wealth, and provides empirical evidence and policy recommendations for related policy formulation.

Barriers and Facilitators to Mental Health Service Integration: A Scoping Review.

Mental health service integration currently has no consensus definition and exists in a variety of settings, including primary care, addiction treatment and chronic disease management, and mental health nurses have often experienced efforts at service integration with varying degrees of success. The intent of mental health service integration is to enable collaboration between mental health services and other healthcare providers to improve service access and the care provided to individuals with mental health issues or mental illness. This scoping review aimed to explore service integration between mental health services and with a specific focus on those evaluated in peer-reviewed, primary literature, to determine facilitators and barriers to service integration. Using the Arksey and O'Malley's framework for scoping reviews, we located 3148 studies, with screening narrowing final papers for inclusion to 18. Facilitators to service integration included clinician education, adequate resourcing and an interdisciplinary approach, while barriers included staff factors such as a reluctance to work with individuals with mental illness, consumer level barriers such as poor mental health literacy, 'territorialism' among staff and organisational climate. Research indicates that service integration is an effective means to detect and treat mental health issues in settings that do not traditionally provide mental health care, lowering the costs of providing healthcare and providing improved care for mental health needs; however, there are several barriers to be addressed to achieve full implementation of integration models.

Understanding consumption and purchase of tap water and diverse tap-alternative drinking water sources in Detroit, Michigan

ABSTRACT Several gaps remain in understanding individuals' water consumption reliance outcomes in disadvantaged communities. We utilize a cross-sectional sample of household-level survey data from predominantly low-income, minoritized households in Detroit, MI, to examine the relationship between tap and tap-alternative drinking water consumption and purchase behavior. We collected survey data from one English-speaking adult per household in May–October 2021 (n = 259). Consistent with past studies, tap water consumption is negatively correlated with single-use bottled water consumption and consuming drinking water from multiple sources. We also find tap distrust is correlated with tap-alternative water consumption, yet there is a surprising positive relationship between tap and overall bottled water consumption levels. Very low-income households were more likely to rely on bottled water and multiple other water sources simultaneously. Female respondents reported lower levels of most types of water consumption. Black respondents reported lower tap water and bottled water consumption but had higher levels of other tap-alternative source consumption. Our results call into question whether higher tap water consumption is synonymous with tap trust or with reduced bottled water consumption. Public health interventions must further address high levels of bottled water consumption among low-income individuals, and low tap water consumption among Black individuals.

The impact of green trade barriers on China’s photovoltaic products exports to ASEAN

In the context of the global push towards a green economy, this research investigates the impact of green trade barriers on the export trade volume of Chinese photovoltaic products to ASEAN from 2010 to 2021. The strong evidence indicates that green trade barriers have a positive effect on improving the export trade volume of Chinese photovoltaic products to ASEAN. This conclusion remains robust through multiple robustness tests, including excluding data from pandemic-affected years and the only developed country Singapore. Moreover, the impact of green trade barriers varies with exchange rate levels and language environments. In countries with higher exchange rates and countries with different official languages, the positive effect of green trade barriers on trade is more significant. In contrast, in countries with the same official language, green trade barriers have a negative effect on improving the trade volume. Additionally, higher levels of renewable energy consumption diminish the beneficial effect of TBT on photovoltaic trade, and CO2 emissions lessen the detrimental effect of TBT on photovoltaic trade. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, suggesting that align with international standards, provide differentiated technical assistance and adopt transparent trade rules when formulating green trade barriers to better support the competitiveness and export growth of Chinese photovoltaic products in the international market.