Level Of Consumer Involvement Research Articles

ХАРАКТЕРНІ РИСИ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ІТ-ПІДПРИЄМСТВ: ОБЛІКОВИЙ АСПЕКТ

The relevance of the article is justified by the growing indicators of the IT sector. Despite the quarantine restrictions, most IT companies are more profitable. However, the growth rate is lower than before quarantine. This requires special attention to the organization of information support of the management process, which would take into account the specific features of IT enterprises. The main purpose of the article is to determine the characteristics of IT companies that have a decisive influence on the organization of accounting in these companies. This goal is realized on the basis of the application of methods of observation, comparison, analysis, synthesis, generalization. To harmonize the categorical apparatus, the essence of the concepts that are the result of the activities of the IT enterprise – IT service, IT product and IT product, from the standpoint of their reflection in the account. The impossibility of their identification is confirmed. They have different accounting implications for both the IT company and the customer depending on the terms of the contract and the purposes of further use. The specific properties of IT services are characterized, which include: the complexity of the IT service; low level of consumer involvement in the process; remote interaction between manufacturer and user. The influence of these features on the organization of accounting is described, in particular, the organization of analytical accounting and the development of management reporting. The need for deep knowledge of an accountant working in the IT field is substantiated. The mistakes made by accountants if their training in this area is carried out at an inadequate level are summarized. The main errors are incorrect classification of transactions, the presence of inaccuracies in accounting, overstatement of the tax base. Identified characteristics of IT enterprises (scalability, significant risks, high staff turnover) make additional demands on the organization of accounting. The areas that need the most attention to create the appropriate information support for the management of the IT enterprise are reflected. Prospects for further research are to reveal the impact of these features on the organization and methods of accounting in these enterprises.

Perpindahan Merek (Brand Swithcing Behavior) Pada Air Minum Dalam Kemasan di Kota Pontianak

The behavior of the displacement of the brand often happens in causes consumer dissatisfaction of the product, thus giving the brand image of the bad against the company's products. At the time the level of consumer involvement is low, consumers will tend to switch brands, looking for other brands out of the market and this situation puts the consumer in an effort to find other variations. Research objectives Analyze the factors that cause the behavior of the displacement of the brand (Brand Switching Behavior) on the purchase of bottled water in the City of Pontianak, on the 150 respondents were selected purposively. Data analysis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results showed that on the factor of price and product attributes have a positive influence or significant effect on the behavior of the displacement of the brands of bottled water in the City of Pontianak. A positive effect is shown by the Price because Price is an important part in marketing strategy and is considered a consumer in terms of basic needs such as food and drink. The influence of the highest on the indicator of the price of the product with the indicator of the price of the product cheaper and diversification the price of diverse products, where the products with have the ability to compete in the price is a complete make consumers increasingly choose or consume the product, and the product attribute has significant effect with an indicator label and seal packaging that is attractive and safe, product color crystal clear and clean, and taste better on the tongue.

Mental health consumer involvement in occupational therapy education in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand.

Recovery-oriented practice policies and occupational therapy education accreditation standards require that consumers are engaged in the design, delivery and evaluation of curricula. This consumer involvement (sometimes referred to as service-user involvement or patient involvement in other contexts) should go beyond consumers simply 'telling their stories' to more meaningful collaboration in curricula. This study was designed to map the current patterns of consumer involvement in occupational therapy programs across Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand. A survey was distributed to all occupational therapy programs across Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand. The survey included questions related to: (a) perceived enablers and barriers to consumer involvement in education; (b) organisational structures and support; (c) ways in which consumer are involved in the design, delivery and evaluation of curricula; (d) access to remuneration for consumers; (e) overall ratings of the level of consumer involvement in curricula; and (f) academic confidence in working with consumers. Usable responses were received for 23 programs from 19 universities (83% response rate). Every program reported some consumer involvement in the curriculum. Consumer participation tended to be mainly focussed on curriculum delivery with less frequent involvement in curriculum design or evaluation. The most common barrier to consumer involvement in curricula was 'funding/remuneration for consumers' and the most common enabler of consumer involvement was 'positive attitudes of teaching staff'. In comparison to previous reports, consumer involvement in occupational therapy curricula has increased over the past decade. However, ongoing effort is required to support true collaboration in all aspects of curriculum design, delivery and evaluation. While this will require attention and effort from academic teams, changes at a university level to establish systems to engage and effectively remunerate consumers for their involvement (especially in design and evaluation elements) are also required.

Satisfaction and attitudinal responses: indirect effects of involvement and reputation

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the influence of the company’s reputation and individual consumer involvement in the relationship between satisfaction, loyalty and willingness to pay more for a product. Design/methodology/approach The method used is quantitative, by means of a survey with real consumers of automotive services of two vehicle dealerships, whose data were analyzed through linear regression analysis and conditional analysis of moderation. Findings The authors have identified that the relationship between satisfaction and loyalty and between loyalty and willingness to pay more for a product is entirely moderated by the (high) reputation of the brand and the (high) individual involvement of the consumer. Practical implications The study contributes to marketing managers as it demonstrates effect of brand reputation and involvement. Therefore, it is understood that these variables need to be considered in satisfaction surveys, as it has been proven that satisfaction alone cannot explain the variables of business performance (loyalty and willingness to pay). Originality/value The greatest innovation of this study is the identification of the total moderation between stated satisfaction and loyalty and between satisfaction and willingness to pay more. It has been demonstrated that high levels of brand reputation coupled with high levels of consumer involvement account for the fully dependent variables.

The moderating influence of involvement with ICTs in mobile services

Purpose The growing availability of wireless internet services and the great popularization of smartphones and other mobile devices means a greater challenge for mobile service companies that need to identify the factors influencing the use behavior of mobile services. So considering that the level of consumer involvement can lead to differences in service outcome evaluations, this study aims to examine whether consumer involvement with information and communication technologies (ICTs) has a moderating influence on consumer behavior in mobile services Design/methodology/approach The authors propose an integrative model of the usage of mobile services to examine the moderating role of involvement with ICTs. Drawing on a sample of 493 users, two levels of involvement with ICTs were examined; and data were analyzed through multiple-group structural equation modeling. Findings Findings show that the level of consumer involvement with ICTs influences the behavior in the mobile services. Further, the findings support that mobile services’ perceived quality, followed by the service perceived value are the factors with a stronger influence in satisfaction with mobile services, regardless the level of consumer involvement with ICTs. However, the mobile company corporate image has a lower influence. In addition, the results support the partial moderating role of involvement with ICTs in the loyalty toward mobile service providers, suggesting that consumers lowly involved with ICTs experience a greater impact of the service quality on their loyalty. Originality/value The main contribution of this study is the examination of the influence of involvement with technologies in consumer behavior in the mobile services

Consumers’ Perceptions of Sustainable Wine: An Exploratory Study in France and Italy

This study offers new insights into the sustainable wine market by exploring consumers’ perceptions of product attributes for six categories of wine that have characteristics of sustainability and one conventional wine. The study investigates product-attribute associations that French and Italian consumers attach to sustainable wines, and whether consumers’ involvement with wine and propensity towards ethically-minded behaviours affect their perceptions of sustainable wines. The research employs a cross-country analysis of France and Italy, and uses a free-choice approach to reveal consumers’ perceptions. The perceptual maps highlight the different attribute dimensions associated with conventional wines and sustainable wines. Health benefits, taste, and ethics emerge as the most relevant discriminant dimensions. The study finds that consumers involved with wine demonstrate a greater ability to evaluate product-attribute associations for sustainable wines than do ethically-minded consumers who are not involved with wine. The study elaborates some practical implications of this result for wineries. In particular, the study highlights that consumers associate different characteristics and beneficial aspects with different categories of sustainable wines; this also depends on their level of involvement with wine. The results demonstrate that sustainable wine marketers should, in their marketing and communication, take into stronger consideration the level of consumer involvement with wine and the specific associations made by consumers with the sustainable wine category they want to promote.

How consumer involvement influences consumption-elicited emotions and satisfaction

There is scarce research on the relationship between the level of consumer involvement and consumption-elicited emotions. So, we address the following questions: What is the influence of consumer involvement on consumption-elicited emotions?; Are positive emotions prevailing in highly involved consumers?; and Are negative emotions more dominant in low-involved consumers?. For this purpose, three different levels of consumer involvement have been considered—low ( n = 228), medium ( n = 493), and high ( n = 601). A Manova test was developed to analyze the relationship between consumption emotions and the level of consumer involvement. The results suggest that consumers should surpass an involvement threshold to develop a negative emotional appraisal and provoke negative affect. Similarly, our findings indicate that medium-involved consumers experience higher unpleasant emotions.

The Influence of Consumer Involvement in Wine Consumption-Elicited Emotions

There is scarce research on the influence of the level of consumer involvement with wine and consumption-elicited emotions. In this context, we aim to examine whether the level of wine involvement influences the emotional response; and further, whether the level of wine involvement plays a determining role in how emotions drive satisfaction. The study involved a convenience sample through a restaurant and bar intercept survey conducted in La Rioja (Spain). Subsequently, three levels of consumer involvement with wine were examined: low (n = 316), medium (n = 387) and highly involved consumers (n = 462). Then, data were analyzed through structural equation modelling (SEM). Our findings indicate that differing levels of consumer involvement with wine lead to different emotions and satisfaction. Further, consumers should surpass an “involvement threshold” in order to develop a negative emotional appraisal and to provoke negative affect towards wine; but this “involvement threshold” does not apply to the development of pleasant emotions.

The effects of association strength on attention and product evaluation

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to test whether endorsements that show a low strength of association (bottom-up bias) benefit from increased attention and processing efforts. The current study also tested whether consumer involvement level (top-down bias) dynamically interacts with the bottom-up attention phenomena.Design/methodology/approachThrough a series of pretests, 36 potential celebrity-product matches were identified using real athletes and product brands. Two experiments were conducted: 330 individual responses (110 participants × three conditions) were obtained in a within-subjects lab experiment, and 868 participants were recruited for a between-subjects online experiment. Linear mixed modeling and moderated mediation analysis were performed.FindingsThe relationships between the strength of image associations and attention time to endorsements and recall and choice consideration of endorsed brands were U-shaped and curvilinear. Attention largely mediated the relationship between the strength of association and recall/choice. Involvement effects were diluted by the strength of association effects, rejecting top-down attentional control.Practical implicationsBrand managers for both products and celebrities are recommended to search for corresponding not only image-matched partners but also endorsement partners with dissonant pre-existing images.Originality/valueThe majority of the existing endorsement literature has conventionally suggested that congruence between the endorser and the endorsed property, rather than incongruence, induces consumers’ positive endorsement evaluation. This study constructs important theoretical advancements to the existing literature by empirically proving that through an attentional process, an endorsement contract, conventionally perceived as mismatched, can also generate positive outcomes.

A SOCIOCULTURAL APPROACH TO KOREA WAVE MARKETING PERFORMANCE: CROSS-NATIONAL ADOPTION OF ARGUMENTS ON FOREIGN CULTURAL PRODUCTS IN A SOCIAL MEDIA CONTEXT

This study attempts to discover the key factors affecting the cross-border adoption of arguments in social media concerning cultural products (i.e., drama, movie, music, and food, and so on) of foreign origin. For this purpose, this study examines whether social network traits (tie strength and centrality) influence the adoption of arguments on foreign cultural products in a social media context, with particular attention to the role of argument presentation mode and level of consumer involvement. The results demonstrate that social network traits affect the adoption of product arguments in social media. Further, an experimental study confirms that argument presentation (text versus image) and consumer’s involvement level significantly affect the adoption. Finally, it was found that the adoption of arguments on Korean cultural products influences consumer’s intention to purchase products made in Korea, suggesting the presence of the “country-of-cultural-origin effect.”

How is symptom flare defined in musculoskeletal conditions: A systematic review.

To systematically review the definitions for "flare" in musculoskeletal conditions, the derivation processes, and validation of definitions for the 12 most burdensome musculoskeletal conditions. A literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, AMED, PsycInfo and Lilacs to identify studies that investigated derivation or validation of a flare definition, which we considered as a phrase or group of domains. Reports of derivation of flare definitions were identified for 9/12 musculoskeletal conditions. Validation of flare definitions was initiated for 4/12. For each condition, different derivation and validation methods have been used, with variable levels of consumer involvement, and in some cases different groups have worked on the process in parallel. Although some flare definitions began simply as "symptom worsening" or "change in treatment", most evolved into multidimensional definitions that include: pain, impact on function, joint symptoms, and emotional elements. Frequently initial attempts to create phrase to define the term flare evolved into consensus on the breadth of domains involved. Validation has compared flare definitions/domains against measures of disease activity, clinicians' diagnosis, response to drug therapy, or a combination. This review suggests that greater characterisation and definition of flares in musculoskeletal conditions are linked to the inclusion of multiple perspectives, multifaceted domains and compound comparators for their validation. Further work is required to optimise and test the derived definitions for most musculoskeletal conditions. As some elements are disease-specific, flare definitions cannot be extrapolated to other conditions. Research regarding flare in back pain (most burdensome disease) is limited.

Wine tourism involvement: a segmentation of Chinese tourists

ABSTRACTThis study profiles the Chinese wine tourist market based on levels of consumer involvement. Using a sample of 503 Chinese wine tourists visiting Australian wineries, the study identified four dimensions of involvement in wine tourism among Chinese tourists: Interests and Importance, Risk Importance and Possibility, Risk Avoidance, and Status Value. Based on the various levels of involvement, four clusters of Chinese wine tourists were identified: low-involvement wine tourists, highly involved wine tourists, interest-driven wine tourists, and high-risk perception wine tourists. For the group size, high-risk perception wine tourists included the highest number of people in the sample, while a relatively small number of people belonged to the interest-driven group. Significant differences were found for behavioral variables and activity participation level across the four clusters, but similarity outweighed the differences among demographic and socio-economic variables. The research proceeded to theoretical and marketing implications.

A comparative analysis of experts’ and consumers’ perceptions of regionality in Australian wine purchase decisions

ABSTRACTThis study provides insight into consumers’ perception of regionality when purchasing regional wine in terms of regional specialisation for style, volume of production of the wine style, quality of the wine, heritage of the wine region and the distinctiveness of the wine styles produced in the wine regions of Australia. Data were collected from 203 Australian wine consumers through an online survey. The study compares the results of this study with Easingwood et al. [2011. The drivers of wine regionality. Journal of Wine Research, 22(1), 19–33.] study on experts’ opinion of regionality drivers. This paper will expand knowledge on how consumer involvement levels impact decisions relating to purchasing regional wine. This study is of value to academics and wine practitioners alike. It contributes to the wine literature by providing a new perspective on consumers’ perception and draws attention to the risk of drawing conclusions about wine consumption based on experts’ opinions as being reflective of the average consumers’ purchase decision-making.

Advertising and country-of-origin images as sources of brand equity and the moderating role of brand typicality

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to explore the influence of an individual’s attitude towards advertising and country-of-origin (COO) images (brand origin (BO) and country of manufacture (COM)) on brand equity creation; and second, to investigate how brand typicality moderates the effect of BO macro image on perceived quality.Design/methodology/approachThe data to test the hypotheses were elicited from a consumer survey in the Greater Lisbon area (305 Portuguese consumers). The product category of smartphones was selected for two main reasons: it has not been extensively analysed in previous studies on the subject of brand equity; it is a device well-known to Portuguese consumers (particularly in the Greater Lisbon area). Three criteria guided the selection of the brands. The first criterion is to select brands which are well-known to consumers. The second is to choose brands with a distinctive BO and a main COM. The third and final criterion is to consider brands in different positions in the brand ranking. In order to estimate structural path coefficients, R2, Q2, and bootstrap techniques, the current study employs the partial least squares approach.FindingsThe results show that individuals’ attitudes towards advertisements have a positive impact on brand equity creation, whereas those towards the COM do not significantly influence brand equity creation. Attitudes towards BO only have a partial influence. Brand typicality, however, exerts a significant direct effect on brand equity dimensions and, hence, does not have a significant moderating effect.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors suggest analysing the influence of COO on dimensions of brand equity considering consumer segmentation, types of industry and a range of brands, as well as different levels of consumer involvement with the product category. Several brands with the same COO should be analysed in order to understand whether the effects on brand equity depend on the product category. Although the current study is a first attempt to combine the potential effect of individuals’ attitudes towards advertisements and COO on creating brand equity, further research should examine additional potential antecedents of brand equity. Finally, cross-cultural studies are recommended.Practical implicationsRegarding managerial implications, three main aspects should be taken into consideration. First, creative, original and different advertising strategies are more effective than the COO in creating brand equity and, consequently, in building loyalty among smartphone consumers. Second, consumers do not tend to care about the place, country or region where the smartphone is produced, but the image of the country where the brand originated may be important. Finally, managers should be aware that, at least, in the smartphone sector, the way consumers create favourable associations with the brand and typicality, trust the company and consider it good value for money, are more effective in building brand loyalty than the perceived quality of the product/brand.Social implicationsRelating to the interrelationship between COO and brand equity, the results of the current study prove that the effects of COO are category specific. Therefore, more studies focussed on other contexts of products and brands are still needed to know in more detail how COO exerts an influence on brand equity dimensions. Even within a product category context, the results can depend on individual brands being analysed.Originality/valueTo the knowledge of the authors, this study is the first to investigate the dual (simultaneous) effect of individuals’ attitudes towards advertisements and COO images on brand equity dimensions. Adding to the originality of the paper, the category of smartphone with respect to brand equity has not been extensively analysed in previous studies.

The Effect of Ambivalence Online Review on Consumer Purchasing Intention

Online review has been playing an important role in consumer decision making and enterprise marketing recently. This study focuses on two important issues. Firstly, how the ambivalence online review change consumer decision-making and purchase intension from the point view of different types of ambivalence online review. Secondly, how consumer of different involvement degree interprets the ambivalence online review of consumer decision. Finally, the following conclusions are obtained through the empirical study: 1) When the review about product functional attribute is positive, inter-attribute ambivalence is more significant for consumer’s purchasing intension, compared with intra-attribute ambivalence. When the review about product hedonic attribute is positive, intra-attribute ambivalence is more significant to consumer’s purchasing intension, compared with inter-attribute ambivalence. 2) The degree of consumer involvement has a moderating effect on the relationship between product attributes and type of ambivalence and consumer purchasing intention. When the review about product functional attribute is positive, inter-attribute ambivalence is more significant to consumer’s purchasing intension, compared with intra-attribute ambivalence of high level of consumer involvement. In contrast, intra-attribute ambivalence is more significant to consumer’s purchasing intension, compared with inter-attribute ambivalence for high level of consumer involvement. When the review about product enjoyment attribute is positive, intra-attribute ambivalence is more significant in consumer’s purchasing intension, compared with inter-attribute ambivalence of high low of consumer involvement, thus there are no different between intra-attribute ambivalence and inter-attribute ambivalence for low level of consumer involvement.

INFLUENCE OF MARKETING COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGIES ON CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR: A CASE OF THE HIGH-TECHNOLOGY MARKET OF UKRAINE

The purpose of the study is to research consumer behaviour types and to develop marketing strategies of communicative influence on the consumer in the high-technology goods market. Methodology. Marketing research in Ukrainian market of high-tech goods is conducted to define motivations of the consumers and the peculiarities of their market behaviour. The profiles of target customers are developed and the typology of consumer behaviour is formed, based on the reasons of purchasing of high-tech goods and on the level of consumer involvement in the purchasing process. Results showed that Highly Rational, Cautious, and Demonstrative behaviours can be observed in case of high consumer involvement in the buying process. Rationally-Confident, Comfortable, Adaptive behaviour can be observed in the case of low involvement. The peculiarities of communicative influence for each type of consumer behaviour in the market of high-tech goods are determined and the appropriate strategies of marketing communication are offered. Practical implementation. Strategies of communicative influence and communication sources depend on consumer behavioural types and the stage of the process of adopting innovations. In case of highly rational consumer behaviour, generic strategy, benefit strategy, and unique technical advantage strategies are recommended to be used as the main communicative strategies. Benefit strategy, unique technical advantage strategy, positioning strategy should be used in the case of rationally confident behaviour. The technology of intrusion, intimidation, positioning strategy, affective strategy, and resonance strategy should be used in the case of cautious consumer behaviour. Brand strategy should be used in the case of demonstrative consumer behaviour. The communicative strategies of product positioning and the strategy of resonance can be used in the case of comfortable consumer behaviour. Brand strategy is the main communicative strategy in the case of adaptive consumer behaviour. Communicative influence and communication sources depend on the stage of adopting innovations: 1) awareness, 2) attitude formation, 3) decision, 4) confirmation, 5) implementation. The main communicative channels on the first and second stage of the process of adopting innovations are: exhibition activity, TV advertising, outdoor and print advertising, Internet advertising, specialized publications, testing centres for goods, state educational programs. The main communication channels on following stages are testing centres, the advice of friends and acquaintances, customer’s experience, the advice of vendors-consultants.

Actors affecting consumer involvement in purchase of garments: A quantitative analysis for marketing strategies

Involvement refers to how much money, time, thought, energy and other resources consumers devote for purchasing a product. It is one of the fundamental concepts used to explain the consumer buying process. The level of involvement is affected by the amount of efforts consumers give to learn about the product and to take purchase decision. The aim of this study is to find factors of consumer involvement in purchase of garments and its impact on level of consumer involvement. Data is collected from buyers of garments in Indore city by using a self designed questionnaire and Zaichkowsky's (1985) uni-dimensional conception of involvement. Regression analysis is used to see the impact of various factors on consumer involvement. The model is tested also tested for autocorrelation, multicollinearity and heteroscedasticity. Results show that evaluation, apprehension and consciousness have significant effect on consumer involvement. Whereas regression coefficients of ambience/buying capacity and performance risk do not explain considerable effect in purchase of garments, hence relevant marketers should concentrate on these aspects before production, processing and making future marketing strategy.

THE EFFECT OF CONSUMER INVOLVEMENT ON BRAND LOYALTY: A STUDY ON SMART PHONE PRODUCTS

The main aim of this study is to reveal the effect of consumers’ product involvement levels on their brand loyalty in terms of smart phones. Another purpose of this study is to detect whether this predicted effect differ based on gender. In order to achieve this goal, a research was implemented by using face to face survey method on 665 Balikesir University Burhaniye School of Applied Science students who are determined with convenience sampling method. The reason of using this sample is the anticipation of that university students’ consciousness and involvement levels about smart phones might be higher than other populations. In order to determine consumer involvement level, Consumer Involvement Profiles (CIP), which is developed by Kapferer and Laurent (1985) and one of commonly used scales in consumer involvement researches, was used. As for brand loyalty, a 6-item scale that developed by Zeithaml, Berry, and Parasuraman (1996) as five items and one dimension, and then, adapted by Lam, Shankar, Erramilli, and Murthy (2004) as two dimensions (repurchase/ patronage and recommendation) by adding one item to repurchase/ patronage dimension, was used. The research results demonstrate that symbolic value, risk probability, and hedonic value dimensions of consumer involvement have effects on repurchase/ patronage dimension of brand loyalty. In addition, the results support that interest, symbolic value, risk probability, and hedonic value dimensions of consumer involvement have effects on recommendation dimension of brand loyalty. When these results evaluated from the point of gender, some different findings were obtained. With reference to these results, the findings were interpreted and the study was concluded with suggestions to researchers and managers.

A systematic scoping review of the evidence for consumer involvement in organisations undertaking systematic reviews: focus on Cochrane.

Plain English summaryPlain English summaryCochrane is the largest international producer of systematic reviews of clinical trial evidence. We looked for published evidence that reports where consumers (patients and the public) have been involved in Cochrane systematic reviews, and also in reviews published by other organisations.We found 36 studies that reported about consumer involvement either in individual systematic reviews, or in other organisations. The studies showed that consumers were involved in reviews in a range of different ways: coordinating and producing reviews, making reviews more accessible, and spreading the results of reviews (“knowledge transfer”). The most common role was commenting on reviews (“peer reviewing”). Consumers also had other general roles, for example in educating people about evidence or helping other consumers. There were some interesting examples of new ways of involving consumers. The studies showed that most consumers came from rich and English speaking countries. There was little evidence about how consumer involvement had changed the reviews (“impact”). The studies found that consumer involvement needed to be properly supported.In future we believe that more research should be done to understand what kind of consumer involvement has the best impact; that more review authors should report how consumers have been involved; and that consumers who help with reviews should come from more varied backgrounds. Background Cochrane is the largest international producer of systematic reviews, and is committed to consumer involvement in the production and dissemination of its reviews. The review aims to systematically scope the evidence base for consumer involvement in organisations which commission, undertake or support systematic reviews; with an emphasis on Cochrane. Methods In June 2015 we searched six databases and other sources for studies of consumer involvement in organisations which commission, undertake or support systematic reviews, or in individual systematic review processes. All types of reports and evaluations were eligible. Included studies were combined in a narrative synthesis structured by the level of evaluation and the type of involvement. Results We identified 36 relevant studies. Eleven of these were evaluations at the level of a whole organisation; seven of these studied consumer involvement in Cochrane. Ten studies examined individual Cochrane review groups. Twelve studies reported on individual reviews; only two of these were Cochrane reviews. Finally, three studies were themselves syntheses of other studies. The included studies reported varying levels of consumer involvement across a wide range of activities related to review design and conduct. These included activities such as priority setting and outcome definition as well as review-specific roles such as acting as peer referees and producing plain language summaries. The level of satisfaction and awareness of impact was generally higher in studies focused on individual Cochrane review groups than in the organisation-wide studies. Conclusions There was evidence of highly variable levels and types of consumer involvement within and beyond Cochrane, but limited evidence for what makes the most effective methods and levels of involving consumers in review production. Where evidence of impact was found at the level of individual reviews and review groups it underlined the need for properly resourced and supported processes in order to derive the greatest benefit from the lived experiences of consumers who are willing to be involved. Where reviews do involve consumers, their contribution to the final result could be more clearly identified. More rigorous evaluations are needed to determine the best approach to achieving this. Trial registration Not applicable.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40900-016-0049-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Service co-creation in social media: An extension of the theory of planned behavior

Social media have become a major channel through which consumers interact with firms and other consumers. This paper examines the factors that drive consumers to co-create in social media and proposes a theoretical model that extends the theory of planned behavior to include perceived usefulness as a key antecedent of consumer attitudes toward co-creation in social media. The model was tested using responses from 743 Chinese consumers. Results of structural equation modeling confirmed that perceived usefulness was an antecedent of consumer attitudes toward co-creation in social media. The relationship between perceived usefulness and customer attitudes toward co-creation was moderated by the level of consumer involvement, and that relationship was found to be more salient for a high rather than a low level of consumer involvement. Practical and theoretical implications are given.